TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 17 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127070; 14836-0_0017 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 17 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 15 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127058; 14836-0_0015 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 15 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 13 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127047; 14836-0_0013 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 13 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 12 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126941; 14836-0_0012 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 12 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 22 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126935; 14836-0_0022 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 22 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 21 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126929; 14836-0_0021 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 21 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 10 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126927; 14836-0_0010 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 10 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 18 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126911; 14836-0_0018 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 18 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 5 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126718; 14836-0_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 4 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126717; 14836-0_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 8 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126700; 14836-0_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 7 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126698; 14836-0_0007 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 7 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 3 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126694; 14836-0_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 2 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126692; 14836-0_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Determining+thermal+properties+of+gypsum+board+at+elevated+temperatures&rft.au=Park%2C+Seul-Hyun%3BManzello%2C+Samuel+L%3BBentz%2C+Dale+P%3BMizukami%2C+Tensei&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Seul-Hyun&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=10991018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.1017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 1 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126688; 14836-0_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 16373410; 14836 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from ship based measurements of peroxy radicals during TexAQS 2006 AN - 874189546; 14822268 AB - During the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS 2006) campaign, a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) was deployed on the NOAA research vessel R/V Brown to measure total peroxy radicals (HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2)). Day-time mixing ratios of HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2) between 25 and 110 ppt were observed throughout the study area - the Houston/Galveston region and the Gulf coast of the US - and analyzed in relation to measurements of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and photolysis rates to assess radical sources and sinks in the region. The measurements of HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2) were used to calculate the in-situ net photochemical formation of ozone. Measured median values ranged from 0.6 ppb/h in clean oceanic air masses up to several tens of ppb/h in the most polluted industrial areas. The results are consistent with previous studies and generally agree with observations made during the previous TexAQS 2000 field campaign. The net photochemical ozone formation rates determined at Barbours Cut, a site immediately south of the Houston Ship Channel, were analyzed in relation to local wind direction and VOC reactivity to understand the relationship between ozone formation and local VOC emissions. The measurements of HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2) made during the R/V Brown TexAQS 2006 cruise indicate that ozone formation is NO sub(x)-limited in the Houston/Galveston region and influenced by highly reactive hydrocarbons, especially alkenes from urban and industrial sources and their photo-oxidation products, such as formaldehyde. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Sommariva, R AU - Brown, S S AU - Roberts, J M AU - Brookes, D M AU - Parker, A E AU - Monks, P S AU - Bates, T S AU - Bon, D AU - de Gouw, JA AU - Frost, G J AD - Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA Y1 - 2011/03/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 16 SP - 2471 EP - 2485 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Gulfs KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Ozone KW - Photolysis KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - Air Masses KW - Ozone formation KW - Channels KW - Coastal zone KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Organic Compounds KW - Oxides KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Sinks KW - Air quality KW - Volatile compounds KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston KW - Oceanographic cruise data KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Coasts KW - Photochemical ozone KW - Alkenes KW - Perca KW - Local winds KW - Organic compounds in atmosphere KW - Air pollution KW - Photochemicals KW - Organic compounds KW - Pollution control KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874189546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Ozone+production+in+remote+oceanic+and+industrial+areas+derived+from+ship+based+measurements+of+peroxy+radicals+during+TexAQS+2006&rft.au=Sommariva%2C+R%3BBrown%2C+S+S%3BRoberts%2C+J+M%3BBrookes%2C+D+M%3BParker%2C+A+E%3BMonks%2C+P+S%3BBates%2C+T+S%3BBon%2C+D%3Bde+Gouw%2C+JA%3BFrost%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Sommariva&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ships; Air pollution; Photolysis; Atmospheric chemistry; Alkenes; Volatile compounds; Organic compounds; Pollution control; Ozone; Photochemical ozone; Atmospheric pollution; Local winds; Air quality; Organic compounds in atmosphere; Oceanographic cruise data; Ozone formation; Channels; Coastal zone; Photochemicals; Volatile organic compounds; Sinks; Air Masses; Organic Compounds; Gulfs; Oxides; Coasts; Perca; ASW, USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast; USA, Texas, Houston ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project AN - 874189536; 14822266 AB - We present an overview of the background, scientific goals, and execution of the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project of April 2008. We then summarize airborne measurements, made in the troposphere of the Alaskan Arctic, of aerosol particle size distributions, composition, and optical properties and discuss the sources and transport of the aerosols. The aerosol data were grouped into four categories based on gas-phase composition. First, the background troposphere contained a relatively diffuse, sulfate-rich aerosol extending from the top of the sea-ice inversion layer to 7.4 km altitude. Second, a region of depleted (relative to the background) aerosol was present within the surface inversion layer over sea-ice. Third, layers of dense, organic-rich smoke from open biomass fires in southern Russia and southeastern Siberia were frequently encountered at all altitudes from the top of the inversion layer to 7.1 km. Finally, some aerosol layers were dominated by components originating from fossil fuel combustion. Of these four categories measured during ARCPAC, the diffuse background aerosol was most similar to the average springtime aerosol properties observed at a long-term monitoring site at Barrow, Alaska. The biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel layers were present above the sea-ice inversion layer and did not reach the sea-ice surface during the course of the ARCPAC measurements. The BB aerosol layers were highly scattering and were moderately hygroscopic. On average, the layers produced a noontime net heating of ~0.1 K day super(-1) between 3 and 7 km and a slight cooling at the surface. The ratios of particle mass to carbon monoxide (CO) in the BB plumes, which had been transported over distances >5000 km, were comparable to the high end of literature values derived from previous measurements in wildfire smoke. These ratios suggest minimal precipitation scavenging and removal of the BB particles between the time they were emitted and the time they were observed in dense layers above the sea-ice inversion layer. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Brock, CA AU - Cozic, J AU - Bahreini, R AU - Froyd, K D AU - Middlebrook, A M AU - McComiskey, A AU - Brioude, J AU - Cooper, O R AU - Stohl, A AU - Aikin, K C AD - Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011/03/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 16 SP - 2423 EP - 2453 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Optical properties KW - sea ice KW - Inversion layers KW - Altitude KW - Radiation KW - Optical Properties KW - Arctic KW - Fuel KW - Aerosols KW - Fossil fuels KW - Aerosols-cloud condensation nuclei relationships KW - Aerosols-cloud relationships KW - Biomass KW - Inversions KW - Aerosol layers KW - Clouds KW - Smoke KW - Russia, Siberia KW - Inversion KW - Spring KW - Particulates KW - Optical analysis KW - Carbon monoxide KW - USA, Alaska, Barrow KW - Arctic climates KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Troposphere KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - Sea ice KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09223:Optical properties KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.593:Optical (551.593) KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874189536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Characteristics%2C+sources%2C+and+transport+of+aerosols+measured+in+spring+2008+during+the+aerosol%2C+radiation%2C+and+cloud+processes+affecting+Arctic+Climate+%28ARCPAC%29+Project&rft.au=Brock%2C+CA%3BCozic%2C+J%3BBahreini%2C+R%3BFroyd%2C+K+D%3BMiddlebrook%2C+A+M%3BMcComiskey%2C+A%3BBrioude%2C+J%3BCooper%2C+O+R%3BStohl%2C+A%3BAikin%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Carbon monoxide; Aerosols; Fossil fuels; Optical properties; Climate; Troposphere; Spring; Inversions; Clouds; Aerosol layers; Sea ice; Radiation; Aerosols-cloud condensation nuclei relationships; Aerosols-cloud relationships; Inversion layers; Arctic climates; Optical analysis; Inversion; sea ice; Particulates; Biomass; Polar environments; Altitude; Climates; Optical Properties; Arctic; Fuel; PN, Arctic; Russia, Siberia; USA, Alaska, Barrow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water property monitoring and assessment for China's inland Lake Taihu from MODIS-Aqua measurements AN - 1671444837; 14362155 AB - We provide results of quantitative measurements and characterization for inland freshwater Lake Taihu from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. China's Lake Taihu, which is located in the Yangtze River delta in one of the world's most urbanized and heavily populated areas, contains consistently highly turbid waters in addition to frequent large seasonal algae blooms in various lake regions. Thus, satellite data processing requires use of the shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm. Specifically for Lake Taihu, an iterative SWIR-based atmospheric correction algorithm has been developed and proven to provide reasonably accurate water-leaving radiance spectra data. Using MODIS-Aqua measurements, the blue-green algae bloom in Lake Taihu in 2007 has been studied in detail, demonstrating the importance and usefulness of satellite water color remote sensing for effectively monitoring and managing a bloom event. Seasonal and interannual variability, as well as spatial distributions, of lake water properties were studied and assessed using the MODIS-Aqua measurements from 2002 to 2008. Results show that overall waters in Lake Taihu are consistently highly turbid all year round, with the winter and summer as the most and least turbid seasons in the lake, respectively. Extremely turbid waters in the winter are primarily attributed to strong winter winds that lead to significant amounts of total suspended sediment (TSS) in the water column. In addition, MODIS-Aqua-measured water-leaving radiance at the blue band is consistently low in various bay regions in Lake Taihu, indicating high algae concentration in these regions. Climatological water property maps, including normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nL sub(w)( gamma ), chlorophyll-a concentration, and water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490nm (K sub(d)(490)), are derived from all MODIS-Aqua data from 2002 to 2008 for Lake Taihu, showing overall spatial distribution features for the lake water property. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Wang, Menghua AU - Shi, Wei AU - Tang, Junwu AD - NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, E/RA3, Room 102, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA Y1 - 2011/03/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 15 SP - 841 EP - 854 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA VL - 115 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Water quality KW - Remote sensing KW - Inland freshwater lake KW - Atmospheric correction KW - Radiance KW - Lakes KW - Blooms KW - Freshwaters KW - Algorithms KW - Monitoring KW - Satellites KW - Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671444837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Water+property+monitoring+and+assessment+for+China%27s+inland+Lake+Taihu+from+MODIS-Aqua+measurements&rft.au=Wang%2C+Menghua%3BShi%2C+Wei%3BTang%2C+Junwu&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Menghua&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2010.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic Aerosol Formation Downwind from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill AN - 904472857; 14517080 AB - A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols are derived from organic compounds with various volatilities. A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft made airborne measurements of the gaseous and aerosol composition of air over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred from April to August 2010. A narrow plume of hydrocarbons was observed downwind of DWH that is attributed to the evaporation of fresh oil on the sea surface. A much wider plume with high concentrations of organic aerosol (>25 micrograms per cubic meter) was attributed to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from unmeasured, less volatile hydrocarbons that were emitted from a wider area around DWH. These observations provide direct and compelling evidence for the importance of formation of SOA from less volatile hydrocarbons. JF - Science (Washington) AU - de Gouw, JA AU - Middlebrook, A M AU - Warneke, C AU - Ahmadov, R AU - Atlas, EL AU - Bahreini, R AU - Blake AU - Brock, CA AU - Brioude, J AU - Fahey, D W AU - Fehsenfeld, F C AU - Holloway, J S AU - Le Henaff, M AU - Lueb, R A AU - McKeen, SA AU - Meagher, J F AU - Murphy, D M AU - Paris, C AU - Parrish, D D AU - Perring, A E AU - Pollack, IB AU - Ravishankara, A R AU - Robinson, AL AU - Ryerson, T B AU - Schwarz, J P AU - Spackman, J R AU - Srinivasan, A AU - Watts, LA AD - Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA Y1 - 2011/03/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 11 SP - 1295 EP - 1299 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 331 IS - 6022 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Aerosol composition KW - Aerosols KW - Chemical composition KW - Oil slicks KW - Evaporation KW - Organic aerosols in atmosphere KW - Aircraft observations KW - Organic compounds in atmosphere KW - volatile hydrocarbons KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Seawater pollution KW - Organic compounds in aerosols KW - Plumes KW - Wind KW - Oil spills KW - uncertainty KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904472857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Organic+Aerosol+Formation+Downwind+from+the+Deepwater+Horizon+Oil+Spill&rft.au=de+Gouw%2C+JA%3BMiddlebrook%2C+A+M%3BWarneke%2C+C%3BAhmadov%2C+R%3BAtlas%2C+EL%3BBahreini%2C+R%3BBlake%3BBrock%2C+CA%3BBrioude%2C+J%3BFahey%2C+D+W%3BFehsenfeld%2C+F+C%3BHolloway%2C+J+S%3BLe+Henaff%2C+M%3BLueb%2C+R+A%3BMcKeen%2C+SA%3BMeagher%2C+J+F%3BMurphy%2C+D+M%3BParis%2C+C%3BParrish%2C+D+D%3BPerring%2C+A+E%3BPollack%2C+IB%3BRavishankara%2C+A+R%3BRobinson%2C+AL%3BRyerson%2C+T+B%3BSchwarz%2C+J+P%3BSpackman%2C+J+R%3BSrinivasan%2C+A%3BWatts%2C+LA&rft.aulast=de+Gouw&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=6022&rft.spage=1295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosol composition; Oil slicks; Evaporation; Organic aerosols in atmosphere; Aircraft observations; Seawater pollution; Organic compounds in atmosphere; Organic compounds in aerosols; Aerosols; Chemical composition; Plumes; uncertainty; Oil spills; Wind; volatile hydrocarbons; ASW, Mexico Gulf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system AN - 874180859; 14822254 AB - This study examines the dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on environmental humidity in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) which is composed of convective and stratiform clouds. The author found that increases in aerosol concentration enhance evaporative cooling, which raises not only the intensity of vorticity and entrainment but also that of downdrafts and low-level convergence. The increase in vorticity tends to suppress precipitation. The increase in low-level convergence tends to enhance precipitation by generating more secondary clouds in a muptiple-cloud system simulated here. At high humidity, the effect of the increased vorticity on cloud-liquid mass and, thus, precipitation is outweighed by that of the increased low-level convergence. This leads to the precipitation enhancement induced by the increase in aerosol concentration. When humidity lowers to mid humidity, the effect of aerosol on low-level convergence still dominates that on entrainment, leading to the precipitation enhancement with the increased aerosol concentration. With the lowest humidity in the current work, the effect of aerosol on entrainment dominates that on low-level convergence, leading to the precipitation suppression with the increased aerosol concentration. Hence, there is not only a competition between the effect of evaporation on vorticity and that on low-level convergence at a given humidity level but also the variation of the competition with the varying humidity. This competition and variation are absent in a single-cloud system where the effect of low-level convergence on secondary clouds is absent. This exemplifies a difference in the mechanism which controls aerosol-precipitation interactions between a single-cloud system and a multiple-cloud system. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Lee, S S AD - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011/03/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 11 SP - 2179 EP - 2196 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Entrainment KW - Evaporation KW - Convergence KW - Atmospheric Chemistry KW - Aerosol concentration KW - Aerosols KW - Humidity KW - Precipitation KW - Cooling KW - Clouds KW - Precipitation suppression KW - Vorticity KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Evaporative cooling KW - Q2 09164:Ocean circulation and currents KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874180859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+aerosol-precipitation+interactions+on+humidity+in+a+multiple-cloud+system&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Atmospheric chemistry; Humidity; Clouds; Aerosol concentration; Precipitation suppression; Entrainment; Convergence; Vorticity; Precipitation; Evaporative cooling; Atmospheric Chemistry; Evaporation; Cooling ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 4 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131358; 14831-5_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 3 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131349; 14831-5_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences%2FJournal+Canadien+des+Sciences+Halieutiques+et+Aquatiques&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-060 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 2 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131344; 14831-5_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 1 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131319; 14831-5_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 37 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873131032; 14830-4_0037 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 37 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 36 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873131021; 14830-4_0036 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 36 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 35 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873131003; 14830-4_0035 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 35 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2010.04.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 34 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130991; 14830-4_0034 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 34 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 33 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130979; 14830-4_0033 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 33 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 32 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130966; 14830-4_0032 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 32 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00273 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 31 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130954; 14830-4_0031 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 31 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 30 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130948; 14830-4_0030 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 30 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 29 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130937; 14830-4_0029 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 29 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=An+automated+ionization+chamber+for+secondary+radioactivity+standards&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.12.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 28 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130931; 14830-4_0028 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 28 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 27 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130921; 14830-4_0027 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 27 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 26 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130908; 14830-4_0026 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 26 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Development+of+secondary+standards+for+super%28223%29Ra&rft.au=Bergeron%2C+Denis+E%3BZimmerman%2C+Brian+E%3BCessna%2C+Jeffrey+T&rft.aulast=Bergeron&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.11.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 20 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130891; 14830-4_0020 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 20 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 19 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130879; 14830-4_0019 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 19 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 18 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130872; 14830-4_0018 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 18 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Results+of+an+international+comparison+of+super%2857%29Co&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+B+E%3BPalm%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.12.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 17 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130860; 14830-4_0017 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 17 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 16 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130850; 14830-4_0016 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 16 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 14 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130834; 14830-4_0014 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 14 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 13 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130809; 14830-4_0013 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 13 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 12 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130788; 14830-4_0012 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 12 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 43 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129549; 14830-4_0043 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 43 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 15 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129477; 14830-4_0015 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 15 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 3 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129409; 14830-4_0003 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 2 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129368; 14830-4_0002 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 1 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129333; 14830-4_0001 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 25 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128928; 14830-4_0025 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 25 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 24 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128911; 14830-4_0024 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 24 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 23 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128890; 14830-4_0023 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 23 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 22 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128879; 14830-4_0022 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 22 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 21 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128865; 14830-4_0021 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 21 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 5 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128847; 14830-4_0005 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Microscopy+and+Microanalysis+Meeting+%28M%26M+2010%29&rft.atitle=Low-Energy+EELS+of+Au+Nanoparticles&rft.au=Meier%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Microscopy+and+Microanalysis+Meeting+%28M%26M+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 4 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128837; 14830-4_0004 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Vibrational+Spectroscopy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 8 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127812; 14830-4_0008 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 7 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127809; 14830-4_0007 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 7 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 6 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127805; 14830-4_0006 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 6 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 8 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127571; 14831-5_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 7 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127568; 14831-5_0007 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 6 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127564; 14831-5_0006 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 41 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127557; 14830-4_0041 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 41 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 40 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127548; 14830-4_0040 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 40 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 39 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127537; 14830-4_0039 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 39 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 5 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127394; 14831-5_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 38 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127327; 14830-4_0038 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 38 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 11 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127319; 14830-4_0011 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 11 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 10 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127314; 14830-4_0010 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 10 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 9 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127307; 14830-4_0009 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 9 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 44 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127044; 14830-4_0044 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 44 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 42 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127039; 14830-4_0042 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 42 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 860869120; 14831 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860869120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 860869114; 14830 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860869114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupled quantized mechanical oscillators AN - 1753516758; 14527641 AB - The harmonic oscillator is one of the simplest physical systems but also one of the most fundamental. It is ubiquitous in nature, often serving as an approximation for a more complicated system or as a building block in larger models. Realizations of harmonic oscillators in the quantum regime include electromagnetic fields in a cavity and the mechanical modes of a trapped atom or macroscopic solid. Quantized interaction between two motional modes of an individual trapped ion has been achieved by coupling through optical fields, and entangled motion of two ions in separate locations has been accomplished indirectly through their internal states. However, direct controllable coupling between quantized mechanical oscillators held in separate locations has not been realized previously. Here we implement such coupling through the mutual Coulomb interaction of two ions held in trapping potentials separated by 40 mu m (similar work is reported in a related paper). By tuning the confining wells into resonance, energy is exchanged between the ions at the quantum level, establishing that direct coherent motional coupling is possible for separately trapped ions. The system demonstrates a building block for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. More broadly, this work is a natural precursor to experiments in hybrid quantum systems, such as coupling a trapped ion to a quantized macroscopic mechanical or electrical oscillator. JF - Nature AU - Brown, K R AU - Ospelkaus, C AU - Colombe, Y AU - Wilson, A C AU - Leibfried, D AU - Wineland, D J AD - Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Y1 - 2011/03/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 10 SP - 196 EP - 199 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 471 IS - 7337 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Computer and Information Systems Abstracts (CI); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Joining KW - Mechanical oscillators KW - Blocking KW - Tuning KW - Motional KW - Trapping KW - Harmonic oscillators KW - Confining KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753516758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Coupled+quantized+mechanical+oscillators&rft.au=Brown%2C+K+R%3BOspelkaus%2C+C%3BColombe%2C+Y%3BWilson%2C+A+C%3BLeibfried%2C+D%3BWineland%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.volume=471&rft.issue=7337&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature09721 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09721 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Circuit cavity electromechanics in the strong-coupling regime AN - 1038281997; 14527659 AB - Demonstrating and exploiting the quantum nature of macroscopic mechanical objects would help us to investigate directly the limitations of quantum-based measurements and quantum information protocols, as well as to test long-standing questions about macroscopic quantum coherence. Central to this effort is the necessity of long-lived mechanical states. Previous efforts have witnessed quantum behaviour, but for a low-quality-factor mechanical system. The field of cavity optomechanics and electromechanics, in which a high-quality-factor mechanical oscillator is parametrically coupled to an electromagnetic cavity resonance, provides a practical architecture for cooling, manipulation and detection of motion at the quantum level. One requirement is strong coupling, in which the interaction between the two systems is faster than the dissipation of energy from either system. Here, by incorporating a free-standing, flexible aluminium membrane into a lumped-element superconducting resonant cavity, we have increased the single-photon coupling strength between these two systems by more than two orders of magnitude, compared to previously obtained coupling strengths. A parametric drive tone at the difference frequency between the mechanical oscillator and the cavity resonance dramatically increases the overall coupling strength, allowing us to completely enter the quantum-enabled, strong-coupling regime. This is evidenced by a maximum normal-mode splitting of nearly six bare cavity linewidths. Spectroscopic measurements of these 'dressed states' are in excellent quantitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The basic circuit architecture presented here provides a feasible path to ground-state cooling and subsequent coherent control and measurement of long-lived quantum states of mechanical motion. JF - Nature AU - Teufel, J D AU - Li, Dale AU - Allman AU - Cicak, K AU - Sirois, A J AU - Whittaker, J D AU - Simmonds, R W AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Y1 - 2011/03/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 10 SP - 204 EP - 208 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 471 IS - 7337 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Computer and Information Systems Abstracts (CI); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN); Aluminium Industry Abstracts (AI) KW - Architecture KW - Circuits KW - Coherence KW - Cooling KW - Holes KW - Joining KW - Mechanical oscillators KW - Strength KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038281997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Circuit+cavity+electromechanics+in+the+strong-coupling+regime&rft.au=Teufel%2C+J+D%3BLi%2C+Dale%3BAllman%3BCicak%2C+K%3BSirois%2C+A+J%3BWhittaker%2C+J+D%3BSimmonds%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Teufel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.volume=471&rft.issue=7337&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature09898 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09898 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Associations of Perfluorochemicals (PFCS) with Immune, Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Bottlenose Dolphins T2 - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AN - 1312964431; 6046093 JF - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AU - Fair, P AU - Romano, T AU - Hulsey, T AU - Reif, J AU - Bossart, G AU - Adams, J AU - Houde, M AU - Muir, D AU - Rice, C AU - Margie, P Y1 - 2011/03/06/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 06 KW - Hematology KW - dolphins KW - Biochemistry KW - perfluorochemicals KW - Marine mammals KW - Cetacea UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312964431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.atitle=Associations+of+Perfluorochemicals+%28PFCS%29+with+Immune%2C+Biochemical+and+Hematological+Parameters+in+Bottlenose+Dolphins&rft.au=Fair%2C+P%3BRomano%2C+T%3BHulsey%2C+T%3BReif%2C+J%3BBossart%2C+G%3BAdams%2C+J%3BHoude%2C+M%3BMuir%2C+D%3BRice%2C+C%3BMargie%2C+P&rft.aulast=Fair&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/Toxicologist11.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 5 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130426; 14815-9_0005 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 4 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130403; 14815-9_0004 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 3 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130364; 14815-9_0003 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 2 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130342; 14815-9_0002 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 1 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873127714; 14815-9_0001 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 16386688; 14815 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16386688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glaciotectonic deformation associated with the Orient Point-Fishers Island Moraine, westernmost Block Island Sound AN - 959093680; 2012-032721 AB - Late Wisconsinan end moraines are prominent physiographic features across southern New England. They form linear ridges of composed of stratified and unstratified drift that stretch for tens of kilometers, comprise much of the coastal islands, and are exposed as bouldery lag deposits on the intervening sea floor. Although there is general agreement that the Late Wisconsinan terminal moraine was largely emplaced by glaciotectonic processes, there is much less agreement on the modes of formation for the coastal recessional moraines. Some authors interpret them to be products of stagnation-zone retreat, others contend that they are of glaciotectonic origin. Chirp high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles were acquired aboard the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson during hydrographic survey H11250 in westernmost Block Island Sound. These profiles, collected across pro-glacial outwash deposits adjacent to the 18-19 kyBP Orient Point - Fishers Island end moraine segment, reveal extensive deformation. A rhythmic seismic signature indicates the host outwash deposits are composed of fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. The deformation is variably brittle and ductile, but is always compressional in nature. Brittle deformation includes numerous thrust faults whose strikes roughly parallel that of the moraine. These faults, which extend over 1.3 km in front of the moraine, are limited to the upper 21 m of section and have vertical and horizontal offsets that exceed 7 m and 35 m, respectively. Ductile deformation includes folded sediments that overlie relatively flat-lying, undisturbed deposits, showing that they are not draped features. Other seismic evidence for compression along the ice front consists of outwash strata that dip toward the moraine and angular unconformities on the sea floor that suggest the deformed sediments originally extended above surrounding undisturbed correlative strata. Together these ice-marginal glaciotectonic features suggest that the Orient Point - Fishers Island recessional end moraine marks a significant readvance of the Laurentide ice sheet. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Poppe, L J AU - Oldale, R N AU - Foster, D S AU - Smith, S M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 130 EP - 131 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - glaciotectonics KW - Quaternary KW - geophysical surveys KW - geophysical methods KW - reflection methods KW - Wisconsinan KW - seismic methods KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Fishers Island Moraine KW - Cenozoic KW - Orient Point KW - moraines KW - surveys KW - Pleistocene KW - glacial geology KW - Block Island Sound KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959093680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 46th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 45th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; Block Island Sound; Cenozoic; Fishers Island Moraine; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; glacial geology; glaciotectonics; moraines; North Atlantic; Orient Point; Pleistocene; Quaternary; reflection methods; seismic methods; surveys; upper Pleistocene; Wisconsinan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soviet Illegal Whaling: The Devil and the Details AN - 926886687; 16400615 AB - In 1948, the U.S.S.R. began a global campaign of illegal whaling that lasted for three decades and, together with the poorly managed "legal" whaling of other nations, seriously depleted whale populations. Although the general story of this whaling has been told and the catch record largely corrected for the Southern Hemisphere, major gaps remain in the North Pacific. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to the details of this system or its economic context. Using interviews with former Soviet whalers and biologists as well as previously unavailable reports and other material in Russian, our objective is to describe how the Soviet whaling industry was structured and how it worked, from the largest scale of state industrial planning down to the daily details of the ways in which whales were caught and processed, and how data sent to the Bureau of International Whaling Statistics were falsified. Soviet whaling began with the factory ship Aleut in 1933, but by 1963 the industry had a truly global reach, with seven factory fleets (some very large). Catches were driven by a state planning system that set annual production targets. The system gave bonuses and honors only when these were met or exceeded, and it frequently increased the following year's targets to match the previous year's production; scientific estimates of the sustainability of the resource were largely ignored. Inevitably, this system led to whale populations being rapidly reduced. Furthermore, productivity was measured in gross output (weights of whales caught), regardless of whether carcasses were sound or rotten, or whether much of the animal was unutilized. Whaling fleets employed numerous people, including women (in one case as the captain of a catcher boat). Because of relatively high salaries and the potential for bonuses, positions in the whaling industry were much sought-after. Catching and processing of whales was highly mechanized and became increasingly efficient as the industry gained more experience. In a single day, the largest factory ships could process up to 200 small sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus; 100 humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae; or 30-35 pygmy blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda. However, processing of many animals involved nothing more than stripping the carcass of blubber and then discarding the rest. Until 1952, the main product was whale oil; only later was baleen whale meat regularly utilized. Falsified data on catches were routinely submitted to the Bureau of International Whaling Statistics, but the true catch and biological data were preserved for research and administrative purposes. National inspectors were present at most times, but, with occasional exceptions, they worked primarily to assist fulfillment of plan targets and routinely ignored the illegal nature of many catches. In all, during 40 years of whaling in the Antarctic, the U.S.S.R. reported 185,778 whales taken but at least 338,336 were actually killed. Data for the North Pacific are currently incomplete, but from provisional data we estimate that at least 30,000 whales were killed illegally in this ocean. Overall, we judge that, worldwide, the U.S.S.R. killed approximately 180,000 whales illegally and caused a number of population crashes. Finally, we note that Soviet illegal catches continued after 1972 despite the presence of international observers on factory fleets. JF - Marine Fisheries Review AU - Ivashchenko, Y V AU - Clapham, P J AU - Brownell, RL Jr AD - National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA, yulia.ivashchenko@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 1 EP - 19 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0090-1830, 0090-1830 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Factory ships KW - Whaling statistics KW - whaling KW - Sustainable development KW - Physeter catodon KW - Oil KW - Factories KW - Boats KW - Carcasses KW - IN, North Pacific KW - blubber KW - Fishery management KW - Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda KW - Economics KW - Sound KW - Regional planning KW - Whaling KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Sustainability KW - Catches KW - Meat KW - Oceans KW - Reviews KW - Marine mammals KW - Cetacea KW - Whales KW - Legislation KW - National planning KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926886687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Fisheries+Review&rft.atitle=Soviet+Illegal+Whaling%3A+The+Devil+and+the+Details&rft.au=Ivashchenko%2C+Y+V%3BClapham%2C+P+J%3BBrownell%2C+RL+Jr&rft.aulast=Ivashchenko&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Fisheries+Review&rft.issn=00901830&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Whaling statistics; Factory ships; Carcasses; Fishery management; Marine mammals; Sustainable development; Regional planning; National planning; Legislation; Whaling; Oil; Meat; Boats; Statistics; Data processing; blubber; Reviews; Oceans; Economics; Sound; Ships; Factories; whaling; Sustainability; Whales; Catches; Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda; Megaptera novaeangliae; Cetacea; Physeter catodon; IN, North Pacific; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The rocky road from research to operations for satellite ocean-colour data in fishery management AN - 920804321; 16180268 AB - Wilson, C. 2011. The rocky road from research to operations for satellite ocean-colour data in fishery management. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 677-686.The aim of the SAFARI project is to accelerate the assimilation of earth-observation data into fisheries research and management by facilitating the application of rapidly evolving satellite technology. This assumes that these data will be available in future. However, for ocean-colour data, that assumption may not hold because of possible gaps in data continuity. Of the many types of satellite data, ocean colour is the most important to fisheries, because it is the only biological measurement. However, current ocean-colour sensors are all operating beyond their planned design life, and there are potential problems with future launches. Although the research community is aware of the value of satellite ocean-colour data, advocacy from the operational community, fishery management in particular, has been lacking. In the United States, the absence of an easily identifiable operational need for ocean-colour data is largely responsible for the likely gap in data continuity. A range of current and potential operational uses of ocean-colour data, some reasons why these data have been underutilized in fishery management, and what can be done to mitigate them are discussed and outlined. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Wilson, Cara AD - Environmental Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1352 Lighthouse Ave., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA, cara.wilson@noaa.govcor1 Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 677 EP - 686 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - chlorophyll KW - fisheries KW - research to operations KW - satellite ocean colour KW - Marine KW - Resource management KW - Sensors KW - Remote sensing KW - fishery management KW - Satellites KW - Satellite sensing KW - USA KW - Currents KW - Potential resources KW - Fishery management KW - Oceans KW - Fisheries KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920804321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=The+rocky+road+from+research+to+operations+for+satellite+ocean-colour+data+in+fishery+management&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Cara&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq168 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite sensing; Resource management; Potential resources; Sensors; Fishery management; Remote sensing; Currents; Oceans; Fisheries; fishery management; Satellites; Technology; USA; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq168 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems AN - 920795386; 16180265 AB - Sherman, K., O'Reilly, J., Belkin, I. M., Melrose, C., and Friedland, K. D. 2011. The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 667-676.In 1992, world leaders at the historical UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) recognized that the exploitation of resources in coastal oceans was becoming increasingly unsustainable, resulting in an international effort to assess, recover, and manage goods and services of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). More than $3 billion in support to 110 economically developing nations have been dedicated to operationalizing a five-module approach supporting LME assessment and management practices. An important component of this effort focuses on the effects of climate change on fisheries biomass yields of LMEs, using satellite remote sensing and in situ sampling of key indicators of changing ecological conditions. Warming appears to be reducing primary productivity in the lower latitudes, where stratification of the water column has intensified. Fishery biomass yields in the Subpolar LMEs of the Northeast Atlantic are also increasing as zooplankton levels increase with warming. During the current period of climate warming, it is especially important for space agency programmes in Asia, Europe, and the United States to continue to provide satellite-borne radiometry data to the global networks of LME assessment scientists. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Sherman, Kenneth AU - O'Reilly, John AU - Belkin, Igor M AU - Melrose, Christopher AU - Friedland, Kevin D AD - 1 US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, ksherman@mola.na.nmfs.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 667 EP - 676 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - large marine ecosystems KW - primary productivity KW - satellite remote sensing KW - Marine fisheries KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Food organisms KW - Resource management KW - Remote sensing KW - Prey selection KW - Stratification KW - Biomass KW - Satellites KW - Primary production KW - Land use KW - marine ecosystems KW - USA KW - Fishery management KW - ANE, Europe KW - Oceans KW - Fisheries KW - INW, Asia KW - Developing countries KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08481:Productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920795386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=The+application+of+satellite+remote+sensing+for+assessing+productivity+in+relation+to+fisheries+yields+of+the+world%27s+large+marine+ecosystems&rft.au=Sherman%2C+Kenneth%3BO%27Reilly%2C+John%3BBelkin%2C+Igor+M%3BMelrose%2C+Christopher%3BFriedland%2C+Kevin+D&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq177 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Marine fisheries; Food organisms; Resource management; Fishery management; Remote sensing; Prey selection; Primary production; marine ecosystems; Oceans; Fisheries; Stratification; Biomass; Developing countries; Satellites; Land use; USA; ANE, Europe; INW, Asia; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq177 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) movement off the coast of Taiwan: characterization of a hotspot in the East China Sea and investigation of mesoscale eddies AN - 920795376; 16180261 AB - Kobayashi, D. R., Cheng, I-J., Parker, D. M., Polovina, J. J., Kamezaki, N., and Balazs, G. H. 2011. Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) movement off the coast of Taiwan: characterization of a hotspot in the East China Sea and investigation of mesoscale eddies. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 707-718. Satellite tags were attached to 34 non-reproductive loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) caught as bycatch in the Taiwanese coastal poundnet fishery from 2002 to 2008. Transmission durations ranged from 6 to 503 d (median 172 d), with 5860 d tracked in total. Horizontal track data were processed using the Bayesian state-space modelling to extract the most likely daily positions, taking into account ARGOS data quality and other forms of statistical error. A region of high occupancy in the East China Sea, covering 433 549 km super(2) of coastal and pelagic area next to Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea, was characterized from the tracking data. Various attributes of this hotspot are described using satellite tracks and remotely sensed data. The tracks were merged with oceanographic data, emphasizing a new global dataset characterizing mesoscale eddies from satellite altimetry data. A proximity-probability approach coupled with odds ratio testing was used to infer orientation to eddy features. Comparisons against random points, simulated particle tracks, and drifter buoys were used to demonstrate turtle differential responses to eddies inside and outside the hotspot, depending on eddy features (i.e. cyclonic vs. anticyclonic, edges vs. centres). Turtles inside the hotspot utilize fewer strong cyclonic eddy edges than those outside. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Kobayashi, Donald R AU - Cheng, I-Jiunn AU - Parker, Denise M AU - Polovina, Jeffrey J AU - Kamezaki, Naoki AU - Balazs, George H AD - 1 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, donald.kobayashi@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 707 EP - 718 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Caretta caretta KW - East China Sea KW - habitat KW - loggerhead turtle KW - mesoscale eddies KW - movement KW - pelagic behaviour KW - satellite tags KW - INW, Japan KW - hot spots KW - satellite altimetry KW - Hot spots KW - marine sciences KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Statistical analysis KW - Remote sensing KW - Particulates KW - Coastal morphology KW - Fisheries KW - Korea, Rep. KW - Buoys KW - Marine KW - turtles KW - Oceanic eddies KW - Satellites KW - Mesoscale eddies KW - Tracking KW - Coastal zone KW - ISEW, Taiwan KW - INW, Donghai Sea KW - Mortality causes KW - Oceanographic data KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - M2 551.508:Instruments (551.508) KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920795376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Loggerhead+turtle+%28Caretta+caretta%29+movement+off+the+coast+of+Taiwan%3A+characterization+of+a+hotspot+in+the+East+China+Sea+and+investigation+of+mesoscale+eddies&rft.au=Kobayashi%2C+Donald+R%3BCheng%2C+I-Jiunn%3BParker%2C+Denise+M%3BPolovina%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BKamezaki%2C+Naoki%3BBalazs%2C+George+H&rft.aulast=Kobayashi&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hot spots; Coastal morphology; Aquatic reptiles; Oceanic eddies; Mortality causes; Tracking; Mesoscale eddies; Oceanographic data; Fisheries; Remote sensing; Statistical analysis; Buoys; hot spots; satellite altimetry; Coastal zone; marine sciences; turtles; Particulates; Satellites; Caretta caretta; INW, Japan; ISEW, Taiwan; INW, Donghai Sea; Korea, Rep.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq185 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catch-at-age assessment in the face of time-varying selectivity AN - 920789322; 16180237 AB - Linton, B. C., and Bence, J. R. 2011. Catch-at-age assessment in the face of time-varying selectivity. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: .Age-based fishery selectivity represents the relative vulnerability of specific ages of fish to a fishery, whereby age classes that are highly selected tend to be overrepresented in the catch compared with their relative abundance in the population. Statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) results can be sensitive to misspecification of selectivity, which can occur when changes in selectivity over time are not accounted for properly in the assessment model. Four approaches for modelling time-varying selectivity were evaluated within SCAA using Monte Carlo simulations: double-logistic functions with one, two, and all four of the function parameters varying over time, and age-specific selectivity parameters that all varied over time. None of these estimation approaches outperformed the others always. In addition, methods of model selection were compared to identify good estimation models, i.e. those accurately matching the true fish population. The degree of retrospectivity, the best selection method, was based on a retrospective analysis of errors in model estimates as the data time-series for estimation is sequentially shortened. This selection method performed about as well as knowing the correct selectivity model and led to substantial benefits over misspecifying the selectivity model. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Linton, Brian C AU - Bence, James R AD - 1 NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149, USA, brian.linton@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 611 EP - 625 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - age-structured stock assessment KW - model selection KW - time-varying selectivity KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Marine KW - Age KW - Abundance KW - Stock assessment KW - Year class KW - Statistical analysis KW - Relative abundance KW - Time series analysis KW - Fisheries KW - Fish KW - Vulnerability KW - Marine sciences KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920789322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Catch-at-age+assessment+in+the+face+of+time-varying+selectivity&rft.au=Linton%2C+Brian+C%3BBence%2C+James+R&rft.aulast=Linton&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq173 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stock assessment; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Year class; Vulnerability; Monte Carlo simulation; Age; Fisheries; Relative abundance; Fish; Time series analysis; Marine sciences; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq173 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seismic monitoroing component of the UNESCO IOC tsunami and other coastal hazards warning system for the Caribbean and adjacent regions (Caribe EWS) AN - 911677673; 2012-006823 JF - Seismological Research Letters AU - Von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C G AU - Nieves, A M AU - Magnani, M Beatrice AU - Langston, Chuck Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 357 PB - Seismological Society of America, El Cerrito, CA VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0895-0695, 0895-0695 KW - tsunamis KW - programs KW - technology KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - Caribbean region KW - warning systems KW - seismicity KW - seismic risk KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - earthquakes KW - instruments KW - 19:Seismology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911677673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Seismological Society of America 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Caribbean region; earthquakes; geologic hazards; instruments; monitoring; natural hazards; programs; risk assessment; seismic risk; seismicity; technology; tsunamis; warning systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status and Trend of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in Glacier Bay, Alaska AN - 902374072; 15892261 AB - We conducted standardized surveys for marine birds in Glacier Bay in seven years between 1991 and 2008. From our most recent survey, a combination of line- and strip-transect methods completed in 2008, we estimated that 4981 (95% CI 1293-8670) Kittlitz's Murrelets Brachyramphus brevirostris resided in Glacier Bay during the month of June, together with 12 195 (5607-18 783) Marbled Murrelets B. marmoratus. When counts were prorated to assign unidentified Brachyramphus murrelets to species, population estimates increased to 5641 Kittlitz's Murrelets and 13 810 Marbled Murrelets. Our surveys of bird numbers in Glacier Bay between 1991 and 2008 revealed that Kittlitz's Murrelet declined by greater than or equal to 85% during this period. Trend analysis suggested a rate of decline between -10.7% and -14.4% per year. No direct human impacts (e.g., bycatch, oil pollution, vessel disturbance) in our study area could fully account for a decline of this magnitude. Widespread declines of Brachyramphus murrelets and Harbor Seals Phoca vitulina in the Gulf of Alaska during the 1980s-1990s suggest large-scale influences on these marine predators, perhaps related to climate-mediated cycles in food supply. Other natural factors that may impact Glacier Bay populations include predation by avian and terrestrial predators, widespread glacial retreat and its effect on nesting and foraging habitats, and competition for food with marine predators whose abundance in Glacier Bay has increased markedly in recent years (Humpback Whales Megaptera novaeangliae and Steller Sea Lions Eumetopias jubatus). JF - Marine Ornithology AU - Piatt, J F AU - Arimitsu, M AU - Drew, G AU - Madison, EN AU - Bodkin, J AU - Romano, MD AD - NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resource Division, 1201 Lloyd Boulevard, Suite 1100, Portland, Oregon, 97232, USA, jpiatt@usgs.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 65 EP - 75 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 1018-3337, 1018-3337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Glaciers KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Glacier Bay KW - seals KW - Phoca vitulina KW - Oil pollution KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Brachyramphus KW - Eumetopias jubatus KW - Food supply KW - Ornithology KW - Population characteristics KW - Climate KW - glaciers KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - predators KW - Aves KW - Animal morphology KW - Foraging behaviour KW - By catch KW - Marine mammals KW - Brachyramphus brevirostris KW - Human factors KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf KW - competition KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q1 08362:Geographical distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902374072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Status+and+Trend+of+the+Kittlitz%27s+Murrelet+Brachyramphus+brevirostris+in+Glacier+Bay%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Piatt%2C+J+F%3BArimitsu%2C+M%3BDrew%2C+G%3BMadison%2C+EN%3BBodkin%2C+J%3BRomano%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Piatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ornithology&rft.issn=10183337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; By catch; Foraging behaviour; Animal morphology; Population characteristics; Ornithology; Marine mammals; Glaciers; Oil pollution; Aves; seals; Food supply; Climate; glaciers; Human factors; competition; predators; Eumetopias jubatus; Brachyramphus; Phoca vitulina; Brachyramphus brevirostris; Megaptera novaeangliae; INE, USA, Alaska, Glacier Bay; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of Weather Patterns and Associated Trajectories of High-Ozone Episodes in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Area during the 2005/06 TexAQS-II AN - 902340658; 15791953 AB - The 850-hPa synoptic flow patterns over eastern Texas and adjacent states during the 2005/06 Second Texas Air Quality Studies (TexAQS-II) period were classified into six groups using a two-stage clustering method. This study identifies synoptic weather patterns that are conducive to creating high-ozone events and reveals potential emission source regions leading to ozone exceedances through backward trajectory analysis. Clusters with dominant southerly synoptic flows and higher average wind speeds (C1 and C2 clusters) were related to low mean daytime ozone levels. Easterly (C3) and northerly (C5) clusters showed a higher probability to exceed the 8-h ozone standard than the other clusters. The dry and sunny postfrontal days with weak northerly or easterly weather patterns were often associated with ozone exceedances in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) area during September 2006. The majority of backward trajectories on ozone episode days were from the east, which brought polluted air from the Houston Ship Channel resulting in high ozone in the southwestern part of the metropolitan area. The shifting trajectories of the C3 and C5 weather patterns were associated with surface wind turning from weak northerly to southeasterly/southerly because of the development of bay/sea breeze. Pollutants were shifting inside the metropolitan area and high ozone built up in the afternoon or early evening. A small portion of trajectories of C3 and C5 that caused high ozone passed over a short distance from the south of Houston, picking up emissions from the industries along the coast. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Ngan, Fong AU - Byun, Daewon AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 485 EP - 499 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts KW - Surface winds KW - Air quality KW - Wind speed KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - Classification KW - Pollutants KW - Emissions KW - Ozone standards KW - Climatology KW - Coastal inlets KW - metropolitan areas KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Ozone episodes KW - Ozone KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Climate KW - Velocity KW - Coastal waters KW - Air pollution KW - Sea breezes KW - classification KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902340658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+Weather+Patterns+and+Associated+Trajectories+of+High-Ozone+Episodes+in+the+Houston-Galveston-Brazoria+Area+during+the+2005%2F06+TexAQS-II&rft.au=Ngan%2C+Fong%3BByun%2C+Daewon&rft.aulast=Ngan&rft.aufirst=Fong&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAMC2483.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Air pollution; Sea breezes; Pollutants; Classification; Coastal inlets; Climatology; Coastal waters; Ozone; Surface winds; Ozone in troposphere; Atmospheric pollution; Ozone standards; Air quality; Ozone episodes; Weather; classification; Climate; Emissions; Velocity; metropolitan areas; ASW, USA, Texas; USA, Texas, Houston; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2483.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling and prediction of malaria vector distribution in Bangladesh from remote-sensing data AN - 899138649; 15146059 AB - Epidemic malaria cases and satellite-based vegetation health (VH) indices were investigated to be used as predictors of malaria vector activities in Bangladesh. The VH indices were derived from radiances, measured by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) afternoon polar orbiting satellites. Two indices characterizing moisture and thermal conditions were investigated using correlation and regression analysis applied to the number of malaria cases recorded in the entire Bangladesh region and three administrative divisions (Chittagong, Sylhet and Dhaka) during 1992-2001. It is shown that during the cooler months (November to March), when mosquitoes are less active, the correlation between number of malaria cases and two investigated indices was near zero. From April, when the mosquito activity season starts, the correlation increased, reaching a maximum value of 0.5-0.8 by the middle of the high season (June to July), reducing thereafter to zero by the beginning of the cool season in November. Following these results, regressional equations for the number of malaria cases as a function of VH indices were built and tested independently. They showed that, in the main malaria administrative division (Chittagong) and the entire Bangladesh region, the regressional equations can be used for early prediction of malaria development. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Rahman, A AU - Kogan, F AU - Roytman, L AU - Goldberg, M AU - Guo, W AD - NOAA-CREST, the City College of New York, New York, NY, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Temperature effects KW - ISW, Bangladesh KW - Human diseases KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Epidemics KW - ISW, Bangladesh, Chittagong KW - Remote sensing KW - Vectors KW - Vegetation KW - Malaria KW - Hosts KW - Satellites KW - Public health KW - Disease transmission KW - Regression analysis KW - Aquatic insects KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899138649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Modelling+and+prediction+of+malaria+vector+distribution+in+Bangladesh+from+remote-sensing+data&rft.au=Rahman%2C+A%3BKogan%2C+F%3BRoytman%2C+L%3BGoldberg%2C+M%3BGuo%2C+W&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431160903527447 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a935243449~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Human diseases; Epidemics; Mathematical models; Malaria; Hosts; Aquatic insects; Disease transmission; Public health; Data processing; Regression analysis; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Vectors; Satellites; ISW, Bangladesh; ISW, Bangladesh, Chittagong DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160903527447 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIPA Translation of the Fiscal Year 2012 Federal Budget AN - 896198444; 2011-123919 AB - This article presents the national income and product account (NIPA) estimates for fiscal years 2010, 2011, and 2012 that are more detailed than the comparable estimates shown in the budget, and it includes a presentation of projected quarterly estimates. These projections are used by BEA in the development of quarterly NIPA estimates of federal government transactions, including estimates of the federal government component of GDP. The estimates prepared for the budget year also allow data users to make more detailed analyses of the macroeconomic effects of the budget and provide economic forecasters with source data for their models. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Ludwick, Mark S AU - Cook, Andrea L Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 12 EP - 21 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Business and service sector - Accounting KW - Government - Forms of government KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - National income KW - Federal government KW - Economics KW - Macroeconomics KW - Budget, Government KW - Fiscal year KW - Budget KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896198444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=NIPA+Translation+of+the+Fiscal+Year+2012+Federal+Budget&rft.au=Ludwick%2C+Mark+S%3BCook%2C+Andrea+L&rft.aulast=Ludwick&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-03 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Budget; Federal government; Fiscal year; Economics; National income; Budget, Government; Macroeconomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of Juvenile Lobsters, Homarus americanus, on a Rock-Reef in Long Island Sound AN - 893264407; 14796381 AB - Movements of juvenile Homarus americanus (American Lobster; hereafter lobster) on and around a naturally occurring rock reef were monitored over a 3-year period. Lobsters were sampled with baited traps deployed at each often sites. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and number of lobsters collected per trap haul was calculated for each sampling event. Physical habitat, visually characterized by underwater video and diver observations, differed among sites. Lobster CPUE was significantly greater at rocky sites (>70% density of cobble and/or boulder) containing complex structure, vertical relief from the seafloor, and colonies of macroalgae, sponge, and hydroids. Lobster CPUE was highest from late June to mid-July. Lobsters ranged from 18 to 82 mm carapace length (CL), with 90.7% of tagged lobsters measuring between 30 to 60 mm CL. Relative lobster abundance remained similar over the course of the study. Catch data were kriged to illustrate spatial patterns of distribution. Over the study period, a total of 934 lobsters were tagged and 66 were recaptured, for an overall recapture rate of 7.1%. The majority of recaptured animals (88%) were found at the original tagging site or adjacent sites, with one lobster remaining at liberty for 397 days. Most juvenile lobsters showed fidelity to their initial site of capture on a small, relatively isolated patch of rock-reef habitat in the central basin of Long Island Sound. JF - Northeastern Naturalist AU - Mercaldo-Allen, Renee AU - Goldberg, Ronald AU - Clark, Paul E AU - Kuropat, Catherine A Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 45 EP - 60 PB - Humboldt Field Research Institute, PO Box 9 Steuben ME 04680-0009 USA VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1092-6194, 1092-6194 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Reefs KW - Juveniles KW - Data processing KW - ANW, USA, Long Island Sound KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Cobblestone KW - Basins KW - Habitat KW - Catch/effort KW - Fidelity KW - Colonies KW - Islands KW - Sound KW - Traps KW - Sampling KW - Tagging KW - Ocean floor KW - Homarus americanus KW - Marine crustaceans KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/893264407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Observations+of+Juvenile+Lobsters%2C+Homarus+americanus%2C+on+a+Rock-Reef+in+Long+Island+Sound&rft.au=Mercaldo-Allen%2C+Renee%3BGoldberg%2C+Ronald%3BClark%2C+Paul+E%3BKuropat%2C+Catherine+A&rft.aulast=Mercaldo-Allen&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northeastern+Naturalist&rft.issn=10926194&rft_id=info:doi/10.1656%2F045.018.0105 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Juveniles; Ecological distribution; Cobblestone; Tagging; Ocean floor; Catch/effort; Marine crustaceans; Reefs; Colonies; Fidelity; Data processing; Islands; Abundance; Sound; Basins; Traps; Sampling; Habitat; Homarus americanus; ANW, USA, Long Island Sound; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.018.0105 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tsunami total risk in the Caribbean and adjacent regions AN - 886910379; 2011-074859 JF - Florida Scientist AU - Maul, G A AU - Proenza, X W AU - von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 16 EP - 17 PB - Florida Academy of Sciences, Orlando, FL VL - 74 IS - Suppl. 1 SN - 0098-4590, 0098-4590 KW - tsunamis KW - protection KW - programs KW - geologic hazards KW - warning systems KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - Caribbean region KW - earthquakes KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/886910379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Scientist&rft.atitle=Tsunami+total+risk+in+the+Caribbean+and+adjacent+regions&rft.au=Maul%2C+G+A%3BProenza%2C+X+W%3Bvon+Hillebrandt-Andrade%2C+C&rft.aulast=Maul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=Suppl.+1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Scientist&rft.issn=00984590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 75th anniversary meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - FL N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - FLSCAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Caribbean region; earthquakes; geologic hazards; natural hazards; programs; protection; risk assessment; tsunamis; warning systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in the Selection of Global Climate Models for Regional Climate Projections: The Arctic as a Case Study AN - 883032857; 15294837 AB - Climate projections at regional scales are in increased demand from management agencies and other stakeholders. While global atmosphere-ocean climate models provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate at continental scales and above, individual model performance varies for different regions, variables, and evaluation metrics-a less than satisfying situation. Using the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere as a focus, the authors assess strategies for providing regional projections based on global climate models. Starting with a set of model results obtained from an "ensemble of opportunity," the core of this procedure is to retain a subset of models through comparisons of model simulations with observations at both continental and regional scales. The exercise is more one of model culling than model selection. The continental-scale evaluation is a check on the large-scale climate physics of the models, and the regional-scale evaluation emphasizes variables of ecological or societal relevance. An additional consideration is given to the comprehensiveness of processes included in the models. In many but not all applications, different results are obtained from a reduced set of models compared to relying on the simple mean of all available models. For example, in the Arctic the top-performing models tend to be more sensitive to greenhouse forcing than the poorer-performing models. Because of the mostly unexplained inconsistencies in model performance under different selection criteria, simple and transparent evaluation methods are favored. The use of a single model is not recommended. For some applications, no model may be able to provide a suitable regional projection. The use of model evaluation strategies, as opposed to relying on simple averages of ensembles of opportunity, should be part of future synthesis activities such as the upcoming Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Overland, James E AU - Wang, Muyin AU - Bond, Nicholas A AU - Walsh, John E AU - Kattsov, Vladimir M AU - Chapman, William L AD - NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, USA, james.e.overland@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1583 EP - 1597 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Regional models KW - Arctic KW - Climate models KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Model evaluation/performance KW - Climate change KW - Simulation KW - Regional climates KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - case studies KW - Global climate KW - Numerical simulations KW - Culling KW - greenhouses KW - stakeholders KW - Arctic ecology KW - Future climates KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - M2 551.581:Latitudinal Influences (551.581) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883032857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+the+Selection+of+Global+Climate+Models+for+Regional+Climate+Projections%3A+The+Arctic+as+a+Case+Study&rft.au=Overland%2C+James+E%3BWang%2C+Muyin%3BBond%2C+Nicholas+A%3BWalsh%2C+John+E%3BKattsov%2C+Vladimir+M%3BChapman%2C+William+L&rft.aulast=Overland&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Culling; Climate change; Modelling; Global climate; Climate models; Numerical simulations; Regional climates; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Arctic ecology; Future climates; case studies; greenhouses; Simulation; Polar environments; stakeholders; PN, Arctic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3462.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Annual Numbers of Atlantic Hurricanes Missing from the HURDAT Database (1878-1965) Using Ship Track Density AN - 883032573; 15294843 AB - This study assesses the impact of imperfect sampling in the presatellite era (between 1878 and 1965) on North Atlantic hurricane activity measures and on the long-term trends in those measures. The results indicate that a substantial upward adjustment of hurricane counts may be needed prior to 1965 to account for likely "missed" hurricanes due to sparse density of reporting ship traffic. After adjusting for the estimate of missed hurricanes in the basin, the long-term (1878-2008) trend in hurricane counts changes from significantly positive to no significant change (with a nominally negative trend). The adjusted hurricane count record is more strongly connected to the difference between main development region (MDR) sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical-mean SST than with MDR SST. These results do not support the hypothesis that the warming of the tropical North Atlantic due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions has caused Atlantic hurricane frequency to increase. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A AU - Knutson, Thomas R AD - NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA, gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1736 EP - 1746 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Hurricanes KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Databases KW - Ships KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Climate change KW - Temperature KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Basins KW - Greenhouse effect KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - traffic KW - Emissions KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Hurricane frequencies KW - Q2 09148:Palaeo-studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883032573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Estimating+Annual+Numbers+of+Atlantic+Hurricanes+Missing+from+the+HURDAT+Database+%281878-1965%29+Using+Ship+Track+Density&rft.au=Vecchi%2C+Gabriel+A%3BKnutson%2C+Thomas+R&rft.aulast=Vecchi&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1736&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3810.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ships; Hurricanes; Climate change; Anthropogenic factors; Greenhouse effect; Greenhouse gases; Sea surface temperatures; Hurricane frequencies; traffic; anthropogenic factors; Emissions; Temperature; Basins; AN, North Atlantic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3810.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal abundance and distribution of pelagic and demersal fishes in southeastern Alaska AN - 879476863; 14515020 AB - We quantified seasonal and interannual variability of pelagic and demersal fishes available to marine predators in southeastern Alaska focusing on prey of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Estimates of abundance were determined from echo integration mid-water trawl and demersal longline surveys. The dominant species were walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) (average biomass 9057t), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) (1715t), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) (1176t), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) (average catch rate 524kg per 1000 hooks), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) (177kg per 1000 hooks), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) (120kg per 1000 hooks), and sandpaper skate (Bathyraja interrupta) (26kg per 1000 hooks). Of these species, seasonal differences in species abundance were detected for walleye pollock (p =0.03), Pacific cod (p =0.001) and sablefish (p 350mm) pollock are pelagic species. Adult and juvenile pollock and hake were found in open water, while herring, young-of-the-year (<120mm) and the smallest juvenile pollock were found in bays. Herring of all ages concentrate in dense schools. Pollock and hake form scattered layers throughout open water with juvenile pollock shallower than adult pollock and adult pollock shallower than hake. Halibut, sablefish, skates, Pacific cod and arrowtooth flounder are demersal species; sablefish were deeper than the other demersal species. These seasonal and annual changes in prey availability affected prey selection of sea lions which shifted their diet in response. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Csepp, David J AU - Vollenweider, Johanna J AU - Sigler, Michael F AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801-8626, USA, Dave.Csepp@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 307 EP - 320 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 2-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - Food organisms KW - Age KW - Pelagic fisheries KW - Abundance KW - Predators KW - Merluccius productus KW - Anoplopoma fimbria KW - Marine fish KW - Integration KW - Flatfish fisheries KW - Fishery surveys KW - Prey KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Eumetopias jubatus KW - Clupea pallasii KW - Pleuronectiformes KW - Theragra chalcogramma KW - Bathyraja interrupta KW - Stock assessment KW - Demersal fisheries KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Biomass KW - Hippoglossus stenolepis KW - Gadus macrocephalus KW - Marine mammals KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08602:Surveying and prospecting KW - Q4 27790:Fish KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879476863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Seasonal+abundance+and+distribution+of+pelagic+and+demersal+fishes+in+southeastern+Alaska&rft.au=Csepp%2C+David+J%3BVollenweider%2C+Johanna+J%3BSigler%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Csepp&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2011.01.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Marine fish; Food organisms; Fishery surveys; Flatfish fisheries; Pelagic fisheries; Marine mammals; Stock assessment; Demersal fisheries; Diets; Integration; Age; Abundance; Predators; Biomass; Prey; Eumetopias jubatus; Theragra chalcogramma; Pleuronectiformes; Gadus macrocephalus; Clupea pallasii; Bathyraja interrupta; Merluccius productus; Hippoglossus stenolepis; Anoplopoma fimbria; INE, USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inbreeding effective population size and parentage analysis without parents AN - 879472962; 14400577 AB - An important use of genetic parentage analysis is the ability to directly calculate the number of offspring produced by each parent (ki) and hence effective population size, N sub(e). But what if parental genotypes are not available? In theory, given enough markers, it should be possible to reconstruct parental genotypes based entirely on a sample of progeny, and if so the vector of parental k sub(i) values. However, this would provide information only about parents that actually contributed offspring to the sample. How would ignoring the 'null' parents (those that produced no offspring) affect an estimate of N sub(e)? The surprising answer is that null parents have no effect at all. We show that: (i) The standard formula for inbreeding Ne can be rewritten so that it is a function only of sample size and capital sigma (k super(2) sub(i)); it is not necessary to know the total number of parents (N). This same relationship does not hold for variance N sub(e). (ii) This novel formula provides an unbiased estimate of N sub(e) even if only a subset of progeny is available, provided the parental contributions are accurately determined, in which case precision is also high compared to other single-sample estimators of N sub(e). (iii) It is not necessary to actually reconstruct parental genotypes; from a matrix of pairwise relationships (as can be estimated by some current software programs), it is possible to construct the vector of k sub(i) values and estimate N sub(e). The new method based on parentage analysis without parents (PwoP) can potentially be useful as a single-sample estimator of contemporary N sub(e), provided that either (i) relationships can be accurately determined, or (ii) capital sigma (k super(2) sub(i)) can be estimated directly. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - Waples, Robin S AU - Waples, Ryan K AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 162 EP - 171 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Progeny KW - Inbreeding KW - Genotypes KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879472962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Inbreeding+effective+population+size+and+parentage+analysis+without+parents&rft.au=Waples%2C+Robin+S%3BWaples%2C+Ryan+K&rft.aulast=Waples&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02942.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 4 N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; software; Inbreeding; Progeny; Genotypes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02942.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved detection and quantitation of norovirus from water AN - 872128556; 14363859 AB - Norovirus is associated commonly with human sewage and is responsible for numerous cases of waterborne and foodborne gastroenteritis every year. Assays using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) have been developed for norovirus, however, accurate detection and quantitation remain problematic owing to a lack of suitable positive controls. To improve enumeration of norovirus genomes from water, a synthetic norovirus genogroup II quantitation standard and competitive internal positive control were developed. The quantitation standard demonstrates identical amplification efficiency as wildtype norovirus and can be used as a viral surrogate in labs with restricted access to norovirus. The internal control quantifies sample inhibition, allowing for accurate quantitation of norovirus from complex environmental samples. Seawater samples spiked with sewage or bird guano were evaluated using the norovirus assay as part of a methods comparison study. Inhibition was detected in nine of 36 (25%) samples, two of which proved to be positive upon re-analysis. Results support the specificity of this assay for human-source (sewage) fecal contamination. Overall, use of this quantitation standard and internal control signify a great advance over traditional positive controls and suggest that molecular techniques for viral analysis could become standardized for routine water quality monitoring. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Gregory, Jason B AU - Webster, Laura F AU - Griffith, John F AU - Stewart, Jill R AD - NOAA National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412-9110, United States, jgregory@lacsd.org Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 38 EP - 45 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 172 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Guano KW - Contamination KW - Seawater KW - Food KW - Water quality KW - Marine environment KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Quantitation KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Norovirus KW - Water quality standards KW - Aves KW - Sewage KW - gastroenteritis KW - Standards KW - Gastroenteritis KW - V 22300:Methods KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872128556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Improved+detection+and+quantitation+of+norovirus+from+water&rft.au=Gregory%2C+Jason+B%3BWebster%2C+Laura+F%3BGriffith%2C+John+F%3BStewart%2C+Jill+R&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2010.12.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Guano; Contamination; Sewage; Marine environment; Food; Polymerase chain reaction; Gastroenteritis; Water quality; Quantitation; Environmental monitoring; Aves; Pollution monitoring; Fecal coliforms; Seawater; gastroenteritis; Standards; Water quality standards; Norovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.12.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional approach for mapping climatological snow-water-equivalent over the mountainous regions of the Western United States AN - 872122482; 2011-053779 AB - This paper presents that a simple regional regression-based approach with readily available geographic and meteorological parameters as predictors could be a viable method for mapping snow water equivalent (SWE) climatology in the mountainous areas of the western United States. Such climatological information is potentially useful for several hydrologic applications, including estimation of real-time SWE grids and calibration and evaluation of SWE estimates obtained from remote sensing or through various snow models. Regional delineation for the mountainous regions of the western United States was done through cluster analysis in consideration of the characteristics of seasonal snow pack accumulation and ablation processes. Various geographic and meteorological parameters were further investigated through stepwise regression as potential predictors of monthly changes in climatological SWE in each delineated region. In-situ measurements of SWE, obtained from the Natural Resources Conservation Service's Snow Telemetry network for the period from 1980 to 2004, were used to calibrate regional equations. The spatial and temporal resolution of the analysis was based on the resolution of available meteorological data--4 km and 1 month, respectively. For a monthly time step, the reliability of the SWE estimates did not significantly increase when the number of regions was more than five. The performance of the developed regional equations was evaluated via a jack-knife technique. The regional equations developed using monthly resolution and large regions provided reliable estimates for the majority of regions from October to March, but not in April, especially in the North Pacific and Southwest regions. Sub-regionalization, a finer time step for the analysis and/or inclusion of additional SWE predictor variables may increase the reliability of SWE climatological estimates for warmer months. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Mizukami, Naoki AU - Perica, Sanja AU - Hatch, David Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 72 EP - 82 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 400 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - ablation KW - mapping KW - calibration KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - cluster analysis KW - mountains KW - topography KW - Western U.S. KW - snow KW - meteorology KW - climate KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - telemetry KW - elevation KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - equations KW - regional KW - mathematical methods KW - solar radiation KW - seasonal variations KW - winds KW - Rocky Mountains KW - regression analysis KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872122482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Regional+approach+for+mapping+climatological+snow-water-equivalent+over+the+mountainous+regions+of+the+Western+United+States&rft.au=Mizukami%2C+Naoki%3BPerica%2C+Sanja%3BHatch%2C+David&rft.aulast=Mizukami&rft.aufirst=Naoki&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2011.01.019 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ablation; atmospheric precipitation; calibration; climate; cluster analysis; elevation; equations; hydrology; mapping; mathematical methods; meltwater; meteorology; mountains; North America; prediction; regional; regression analysis; Rocky Mountains; seasonal variations; snow; solar radiation; statistical analysis; surface water; telemetry; topography; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States; Western U.S.; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural change, productivity growth and industrial transformation in China AN - 870999058; 2011-85726 AB - China's industry has experienced robust growth under persistent structural reform since 1978. By estimating the stochastic frontier sectoral production function, we find that the TFP growth has exceeded the quantitative growth of inputs since 1992, but the contribution of productivity to output growth declines after 2001. Using a decomposition technique, we then find that the structural change has contributed to TFP and output growth substantially but also decreasingly over time. Empirical analysis reveals that the reforms in factor markets and industrial structure significantly account for the overall trend and the sectoral heterogeneity of factor allocative efficiency during the industrial transformation process. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.] JF - China Economic Review AU - Chen, Shiyi AU - Jefferson, Gary H AU - Zhang, Jun AD - China Center for Economic Studies (CCES), Fudan University, Shanghai, China shiyichen@fudan.edu Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 133 EP - 150 PB - Elsevier Ltd, The Netherlands VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 1043-951X, 1043-951X KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industrial management, production, and productivity KW - Business and service sector - Markets, marketing, and merchandising KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industry and industrial policy KW - Factor reallocation Structural change Productivity growth Industrial transformation KW - Production KW - Markets KW - Productivity KW - China (People's Republic) KW - Industry KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/870999058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Structural+change%2C+productivity+growth+and+industrial+transformation+in+China&rft.au=Chen%2C+Shiyi%3BJefferson%2C+Gary+H%3BZhang%2C+Jun&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Shiyi&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=China+Economic+Review&rft.issn=1043951X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chieco.2010.10.003 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China (People's Republic); Productivity; Markets; Production; Industry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2010.10.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation Education for Advancing Natural Resources Knowledge and Building Capacity for Volunteerism AN - 869593524; 14337374 AB - Natural resource agencies increasingly need to engage nontraditional stakeholders for public support and financial resources, especially considering a decline in traditional activities such as hunting and fishing. Conservation educators recognized this need, and they are creating new networks of outreach and service programs. The Michigan Conservation Stewards Program (CSP) was designed to reach new stakeholders for natural resource management as an adult conservation education and volunteerism program, similar in format to Master Naturalist programs. We observed these benefits of the CSP for learners and agencies: (1) increased ecological knowledge; (2) improved attitudes toward management practices and toward the natural resource agency; and (3) an initial corps of volunteers with specific conservation skills. This education program advanced knowledge and transformed volunteer capacity, producing detectable short-term positive impacts. An anticipated value of conservation education programs such as CSP will be long-term support from nontraditional stakeholders in natural resource management. JF - Society & Natural Resources AU - Van Den Berg, Heather A AU - Riley, Shawn J AU - Dann, Shari L AD - NOAA National Sea Grant College Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 205 EP - 220 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0894-1920, 0894-1920 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - adult conservation education KW - public support KW - stakeholders KW - volunteerism KW - Education KW - hunting KW - Conservation KW - fishing KW - natural resources management KW - attitudes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 04:Environmental Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869593524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+%26+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Conservation+Education+for+Advancing+Natural+Resources+Knowledge+and+Building+Capacity+for+Volunteerism&rft.au=Van+Den+Berg%2C+Heather+A%3BRiley%2C+Shawn+J%3BDann%2C+Shari+L&rft.aulast=Van+Den+Berg&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+%26+Natural+Resources&rft.issn=08941920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F08941920902960404 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; hunting; Conservation; fishing; stakeholders; natural resources management; attitudes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920902960404 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The increasing importance of marine recreational fishing in the US: Challenges for management AN - 869591703; 14515025 AB - Harvests from recreational fishing are increasingly as important as commercial harvest to populations of popularly fished marine recreational species. However, it has yet to be determined whether the increasing importance of recreational fishing is a general trend of marine fisheries in the US or whether such a trend is limited to only those species recognized as popular recreational fishes. 71% of marine species in the US have experienced an increase in the proportion of total harvest from the recreational sector during the time harvest data are available for both sectors. Species demonstrating an increase in the proportion of harvests by the recreational sector included those generally regarded as commercial, bait, and bycatch species, as well as those considered recreational species. Marine species categorized as overfished could not be predicted from either fishery characteristics or life history characteristics in a PCA analysis of available data for fished species in the US. Consequently, there appears to be little to predict vulnerability of populations to fishing efforts save that all fished species can be made vulnerable to overexploitation. Well-developed yield-based strategies, designed for commercial fisheries, are not likely to be effective in managing populations as the diverse recreational fishing sector continues to increase in its importance. Thus, new management strategies for US marine fisheries are needed. Some possible alternative strategies are discussed. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Ihde, Thomas F AU - Wilberg, Michael J AU - Loewensteiner, David A AU - Secor, David H AU - Miller, Thomas J AD - University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD 20688, USA, Tom.Ihde@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 268 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 2-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Bait KW - Fishing KW - Marine Fisheries KW - Commercial fishing KW - By catch KW - USA KW - Life history KW - Fish Management KW - Fishery management KW - History KW - Overexploitation KW - Fisheries KW - Fish KW - Baits KW - Fishing effort KW - Vulnerability KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08605:Sport fishing KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869591703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.atitle=Offshore+Tsunameter+Data+Analysis+%26amp%3B+Applications%3A+Detiding%2C+Quality+Control+%26amp%3B+Model+Validation&rft.au=Donoho%2C+Natalia%3BGill%2C+Stephen%3BGlebushko%2C+Katerina&rft.aulast=Donoho&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; By catch; Commercial fishing; Fishery management; Overexploitation; Fishing effort; Vulnerability; Bait; Life history; Data processing; Fisheries; Marine Fisheries; Fishing; Fish Management; History; Baits; Fish; USA; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.12.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulus-driven differentiation of marrow stromal cells in 3D scaffolds that is independent of myosin-based cytoskeletal tension AN - 864960384; 14363597 AB - Proliferation and differentiation of cells are known to be influenced by the physical properties of the extracellular environment. Previous studies examining biophysics underlying cell response to matrix stiffness utilized a two-dimensional (2D) culture format, which is not representative of the three-dimensional (3D) tissue environment in vivo. We report on the effect of 3D matrix modulus on human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) differentiation. hBMSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels of all modulus (300-fold modulus range, from 0.2aakPa to 59aakPa) in the absence of osteogenic differentiation supplements. This osteogenic differentiation was modulus-dependent and was enhanced in stiffer gels. Osteogenesis in these matrices required integrin-protein ligation since osteogenesis was inhibited by soluble Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate-Serine peptide, which blocks integrin receptors. Immunostained images revealed lack of well-defined actin filaments and microtubules in the encapsulated cells. Disruption of mechanosensing elements downstream of integrin binding that have been identified from 2D culture such as actin filaments, myosin II contraction, and RhoA kinase did not abrogate hBMSC material-driven osteogenic differentiation in 3D. These data show that increased hydrogel modulus enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in 3D scaffolds but that hBMSCs did not use the same mechanosensing pathways that have been identified in 2D culture. JF - Biomaterials AU - Parekh, Sapun H AU - Chatterjee, Kaushik AU - Lin-Gibson, Sheng AU - Moore, Nicole M AU - Cicerone, Marcus T AU - Young, Marian F AU - Simon, Carl G AD - Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg MD 20899-8543, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 2256 EP - 2264 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 32 IS - 9 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Actin KW - Biophysics KW - Bone marrow KW - Cell culture KW - Cell proliferation KW - Cytoskeleton KW - Data processing KW - Differentiation KW - Filaments KW - Integrins KW - Microtubules KW - Myosin KW - Osteogenesis KW - RhoA protein KW - hydrogels KW - scaffolds KW - stromal cells KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864960384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Modulus-driven+differentiation+of+marrow+stromal+cells+in+3D+scaffolds+that+is+independent+of+myosin-based+cytoskeletal+tension&rft.au=Parekh%2C+Sapun+H%3BChatterjee%2C+Kaushik%3BLin-Gibson%2C+Sheng%3BMoore%2C+Nicole+M%3BCicerone%2C+Marcus+T%3BYoung%2C+Marian+F%3BSimon%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Parekh&rft.aufirst=Sapun&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2010.11.065 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microtubules; Data processing; stromal cells; Bone marrow; Cell culture; scaffolds; Biophysics; RhoA protein; Cytoskeleton; Myosin; Differentiation; hydrogels; Integrins; Actin; Cell proliferation; Filaments; Osteogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.065 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discovery and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha AN - 860397005; 14400586 AB - Molecular population genetics of non-model organisms has been dominated by the use of microsatellite loci over the last two decades. The availability of extensive genomic resources for many species is contributing to a transition to the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the study of many natural populations. Here we describe the discovery of a large number of SNPs in Chinook salmon, one of the world's most important fishery species, through large-scale Sanger sequencing of expressed sequence tag (EST) regions. More than 3Mb of sequence was collected in a survey of variation in almost 132kb of unique genic regions, from 225 separate ESTs, in a diverse ascertainment panel of 24 salmon. This survey yielded 117 TaqMan (5' nuclease) assays, almost all from separate ESTs, which were validated in population samples from five major stocks of salmon from the three largest basins on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States: the Sacramento, Klamath and Columbia Rivers. The proportion of these loci that was variable in each of these stocks ranged from 86.3% to 90.6% and the mean minor allele frequency ranged from 0.194 to 0.236. There was substantial differentiation between populations with these markers, with a mean FST estimate of 0.107, and values for individual loci ranging from 0 to 0.592. This substantial polymorphism and population-specific differentiation indicates that these markers will be broadly useful, including for both pedigree reconstruction and genetic stock identification applications. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - Clemento, A J AU - Abadia-Cardoso, A AU - Starks, Ha AU - Garza, J C AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 50 EP - 66 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pedigree KW - Allelles KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Anadromous species KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Nuclease KW - Basins KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Differentiation KW - Population genetics KW - INE, USA, Columbia Estuary KW - Fisheries KW - I, Pacific KW - Natural populations KW - genomics KW - Coasts KW - Rivers KW - Biological surveys KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Microsatellites KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Nucleotides KW - USA KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - Gene frequency KW - Stock identification KW - Q1 08443:Population genetics KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860397005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Discovery+and+characterization+of+single+nucleotide+polymorphisms+in+Chinook+salmon%2C+Oncorhynchus+tshawytscha&rft.au=Clemento%2C+A+J%3BAbadia-Cardoso%2C+A%3BStarks%2C+Ha%3BGarza%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Clemento&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02972.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Population genetics; Allelles; Nucleotide sequence; Anadromous species; Natural populations; Stock identification; Biopolymorphism; Nucleotides; Pedigree; Rivers; Gene polymorphism; Microsatellites; Basins; Nuclease; expressed sequence tags; Differentiation; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Fisheries; Gene frequency; genomics; Coasts; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA; INE, USA, Columbia Estuary; USA, California, Sacramento; I, Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02972.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discovery and characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in steelhead/rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss AN - 860396383; 14400578 AB - Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have several advantages over other genetic markers, including lower mutation and genotyping error rates, ease of inter-laboratory standardization, and the prospect of high-throughput, low-cost genotyping. Nevertheless, their development and use has only recently moved beyond model organisms to groups such as salmonid fishes. Oncorhynchus mykiss is a salmonid native to the North Pacific rim that has now been introduced throughout the world for fisheries and aquaculture. The anadromous form of the species is known as steelhead. Native steelhead populations on the west coast of the United States have declined and many now have protected status. The nonanadromous, or resident, form of the species is termed rainbow, redband or golden trout. Additional life history and morphological variation, and interactions between the forms, make the species challenging to study, monitor and evaluate. Here, we describe the discovery, characterization and assay development for 139 SNP loci in steelhead/rainbow trout. We used EST sequences from existing genomic databases to design primers for 480 genes. Sanger-sequencing products from these genes provided 130KB of consensus sequence in which variation was surveyed for 22 individuals from steelhead, rainbow and redband trout groups. The resulting TaqMan assays were surveyed in five steelhead populations and three rainbow trout stocks, where they had a mean minor allele frequency of 0.15-0.26 and observed heterozygosity of 0.18-0.35. Mean FST was 0.204. The development of SNPs for O. mykiss will help to provide highly informative genetic tools for individual and stock identification, pedigree reconstruction, phylogeography and ecological investigation. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia AU - Clemento, Anthony J AU - Garza, John Carlos AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 31 EP - 49 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pedigree KW - Allelles KW - Anadromous species KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Development KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Aquaculture KW - Models KW - Standardization KW - Population genetics KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Fisheries KW - Conserved sequence KW - genomics KW - Fish culture KW - Coasts KW - Biological surveys KW - Mutations KW - Genotyping KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Heterozygosity KW - Databases KW - USA KW - Life history KW - Shore protection KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - INE, USA, West Coast KW - Genetic markers KW - Primers KW - Gene frequency KW - Mutation KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - G 07840:Fish KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860396383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Discovery+and+characterization+of+single-nucleotide+polymorphisms+in+steelhead%2Frainbow+trout%2C+Oncorhynchus+mykiss&rft.au=Abadia-Cardoso%2C+Alicia%3BClemento%2C+Anthony+J%3BGarza%2C+John+Carlos&rft.aulast=Abadia-Cardoso&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02971.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Population genetics; Shore protection; Mutations; Allelles; Nucleotide sequence; Anadromous species; Biopolymorphism; Fish culture; Pedigree; Genotyping; Development; Heterozygosity; Aquaculture; expressed sequence tags; Models; Databases; Standardization; Life history; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Fisheries; Genetic markers; Conserved sequence; Gene frequency; Primers; genomics; Mutation; Coasts; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA; IN, North Pacific; INE, USA, West Coast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02971.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerosol Collection Efficiency of a Graded Metal-Fiber Filter at High Airflow Velocity (10 m s-1) AN - 860393390; 14395941 AB - A non-woven graded metal-fiber filter was characterized for its collection efficiency as a function of particle size at an airflow velocity of 10 m s-1. Efficiencies were determined by generating a monodisperse aerosol of polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres and oleic acid liquid particles of measured concentration with and without the filter present. For PSL spheres less than or equal to 0.7 mu m, the collection efficiencies follow theoretical single-fiber collision efficiency (Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990). Above 0.7 mu m diameter (Stokes number 0.8), PSL collection efficiency exhibits a general decreasing trend with increasing particle size suggesting particle bounce. Although this trend is consistent with measured single-fiber collection (collision and adhesion) efficiency for Stokes numbers in the range of 0.2 to 22 (Rembor et al. 1999; Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990), the magnitude of the filter efficiency is less. For 1 mu m to 4 mu m PSL, the average collection efficiency is 0.43 (expanded uncertainty (U) of 0.08, n = 6). In the case of particles having very different surface adhesion, e.g., oleic acid (sticky) aerosol, the collection efficiency for greater than or equal to 1 mu m diameter particles is nearly 1.00. This is in accordance with the theoretical collision efficiency as expected for particles with high adhesion. PSL tests performed on a filter coated with a synthetic-oil (aerosol) deposit (32.9 mu g mm-2 plus or minus 0.4 mu g mm-2) improved the collection efficiency for PSL greater than or equal to 0.7 mu m to nearly 1.00. Particles that are deposited by interception-inertial impaction at 10 m s-1 airflow velocity depend on the particle and fiber adhesion properties. JF - Aerosol Science & Technology AU - Klouda, George A AU - Fletcher, Robert A AU - Gillen, JGreg AU - Verkouteren, Jennifer R AD - Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 336 EP - 342 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6826, 0278-6826 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Particle size KW - air flow KW - Fibers KW - Aerosols KW - Airflow KW - Velocity KW - latex KW - adhesion KW - Particulates KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860393390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aerosol+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Aerosol+Collection+Efficiency+of+a+Graded+Metal-Fiber+Filter+at+High+Airflow+Velocity+%2810+m+s-1%29&rft.au=Klouda%2C+George+A%3BFletcher%2C+Robert+A%3BGillen%2C+JGreg%3BVerkouteren%2C+Jennifer+R&rft.aulast=Klouda&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aerosol+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02786826&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F02786826.2010.537399 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Airflow; Particle size; Filters; Fibers; air flow; Aerosols; latex; Velocity; adhesion; Particulates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.537399 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sperm whale population structure in the eastern and central North Pacific inferred by the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA AN - 860389333; 14400568 AB - We use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (400bp), six microsatellites and 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 20 of which were linked, to investigate population structure of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the eastern and central North Pacific. SNP markers, reproducible across technologies and laboratories, are ideal for long-term studies of globally distributed species such as sperm whales, a species of conservation concern because of both historical and contemporary impacts. We estimate genetic differentiation among three strata in the temperate to tropical waters where females are found: California Current, Hawai`i and the eastern tropical Pacific. We then consider how males on sub-Arctic foraging grounds assign to these strata. The California Current stratum was differentiated from both the other strata (P<0.05) for mtDNA, microsatellites and SNPs, suggesting that the region supports a demographically independent population and providing the first indication that males may exhibit reproductive philopatry. Comparisons between the Hawai`i stratum and the eastern tropical Pacific stratum are not conclusive at this time. Comparisons with Alaska males were statistically significant, or nearly so, from all three strata and individuals showed mixed assignment to, and few exclusions from, the three potential source strata, suggesting widespread origin of males on sub-Arctic feeding grounds. We show that SNPs have sufficient power to detect population structure even when genetic differentiation is low. There is a need for better analytical methods for SNPs, especially when linked SNPs are used, but SNPs appear to be a valuable marker for long-term studies of globally dispersed and highly mobile species. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - MESNICK, SARAH L AU - Taylor, Barbara L AU - Archer, Frederick I AU - Martien, Karen K AU - TREVINO, SERGIO ESCORZA AU - Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L AU - Moreno Medina, Sandra Carolina AU - Pease, Victoria L AU - Robertson, Kelly M AU - Straley, Janice M AU - Baird, Robin W AU - CALAMBOKIDIS, JOHN AU - Schorr, Gregory S AU - Wade, Paul AU - Burkanov, Vladimir AU - Lunsford, Chris R AU - Rendell, Luke AU - Morin, Phillip A AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 3333 North Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 278 EP - 298 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Nursery grounds KW - Statistical analysis KW - INE, Pacific, California Current KW - IS, Tropical Pacific KW - Physeter catodon KW - Differentiation KW - Population genetics KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Marine KW - Feeding KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii KW - Microsatellites KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Spawning KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Philopatry KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - Marine mammals KW - DNA KW - Conservation KW - Population structure KW - Cetacea KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860389333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Sperm+whale+population+structure+in+the+eastern+and+central+North+Pacific+inferred+by+the+use+of+single-nucleotide+polymorphisms%2C+microsatellites+and+mitochondrial+DNA&rft.au=MESNICK%2C+SARAH+L%3BTaylor%2C+Barbara+L%3BArcher%2C+Frederick+I%3BMartien%2C+Karen+K%3BTREVINO%2C+SERGIO+ESCORZA%3BHancock-Hanser%2C+Brittany+L%3BMoreno+Medina%2C+Sandra+Carolina%3BPease%2C+Victoria+L%3BRobertson%2C+Kelly+M%3BStraley%2C+Janice+M%3BBaird%2C+Robin+W%3BCALAMBOKIDIS%2C+JOHN%3BSchorr%2C+Gregory+S%3BWade%2C+Paul%3BBurkanov%2C+Vladimir%3BLunsford%2C+Chris+R%3BRendell%2C+Luke%3BMorin%2C+Phillip+A&rft.aulast=MESNICK&rft.aufirst=SARAH&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02973.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 3 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foraging behaviour; Population genetics; Marine mammals; Nursery grounds; DNA; Population structure; Spawning; Biopolymorphism; Feeding; Differentiation; Mitochondrial DNA; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Statistical analysis; Microsatellites; Conservation; Philopatry; Cetacea; Physeter catodon; IN, North Pacific; ISE, USA, Hawaii; INE, USA, Alaska; INE, Pacific, California Current; IS, Tropical Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02973.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Declines in deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii energy density associated with the disappearance of Diporeia spp. in lakes Huron and Michigan AN - 860388356; 14374587 AB - Pothoven SA, Hondorp DW, Nalepa TF. Declines in deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii energy density associated with the disappearance of Diporeia spp. in lakes Huron and Michigan.Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 14-22. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Abstract- The deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii is a glacial relict in the Laurentian Great Lakes that primarily consumes two glacial relict crustaceans, Mysis relicta and Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin were collected in Lake Michigan off Little Sable Point (in 2001) and Muskegon, Michigan (in 2001 and 2009), and in Lake Huron off Harbor Beach, Michigan (in 2007) for energy density and diet analyses. These sites and years represented differences in available prey. In Lake Michigan, energy densities of deepwater sculpin in 2001 were similar to those reported in 1969-1971. In contrast, energy content declined at least 26% at Muskegon between 2001 and 2009. Overall, energy density was 31-34% higher at a site with abundant Diporeia spp. compared with two sites without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin diets consisted primarily of M. relicta at all sites, but included 10-17% (dry mass) Diporeia spp. at sites where this crustacean was still abundant. Food biomass in stomachs was higher at sites with abundant Diporeia spp. than at those without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin energy density and food biomass in stomachs were similar between two sites without Diporeia spp. despite differences in abundance of remaining prey, M. relicta. Declines in deepwater sculpin energy density suggest the potential for further effects on other species and changes in the flow of energy through the food web of the Great Lakes. JF - Ecology of Freshwater Fish AU - Pothoven, SA AU - Hondorp, D W AU - Nalepa, T F AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Muskegon, MI, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 14 EP - 22 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0906-6691, 0906-6691 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Food organisms KW - Food KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Glacial lakes KW - Mysis relicta KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - North America, Huron L. KW - Lakes KW - Prey KW - Food webs KW - Diets KW - Beaches KW - Diporeia KW - Freshwater environments KW - Biomass KW - Harbours KW - USA, Michigan KW - Stomach content KW - USA, Michigan L. KW - Energy KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Depleted stocks KW - Myoxocephalus thompsonii KW - Stomach KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860388356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.atitle=Declines+in+deepwater+sculpin+Myoxocephalus+thompsonii+energy+density+associated+with+the+disappearance+of+Diporeia+spp.+in+lakes+Huron+and+Michigan&rft.au=Pothoven%2C+SA%3BHondorp%2C+D+W%3BNalepa%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Pothoven&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.issn=09066691&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0633.2010.00447.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 5 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food organisms; Stomach content; Depleted stocks; Population density; Glacial lakes; Freshwater fish; Harbours; Food webs; Diets; Beaches; Lakes; Freshwater environments; Food; Energy; Abundance; Biomass; Stomach; Prey; Diporeia; Myoxocephalus thompsonii; Mysis relicta; USA, Michigan; USA, Michigan L.; North America, Great Lakes; North America, Huron L.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00447.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-occurrence of multiple classes of harmful algal toxins in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranding during an unusual mortality event in Texas, USA AN - 860384000; 14364399 AB - Evidence of exposure to okadaic acid, domoic acid and brevetoxins during a dolphin mortality event. Multiple HABs associated with an unusual mortality event in marine mammals. HAB toxin analyses of gastrointestinal contents demonstrated food web exposure. During February-April 2008, an unusual mortality event occurred in Texas coastal waters that resulted in over 100 bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) deaths. This mortality event overlapped spatially and temporally with a harmful algal bloom (HAB) composed of the toxin-producing genera Dinophysis spp. and Prorocentrum spp., and was associated with shellfish bed closures due to HAB toxins. A bloom of the toxin-producing diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens was also detected in Texas coastal waters in early April, towards the end of the dolphin mortality event. Analysis of dolphin gastrointestinal contents collected during this event demonstrated the presence of the HAB toxins domoic acid and okadaic acid in association with these blooms, as well as evidence of brevetoxin exposure in the absence of an associated K. brevis bloom. Historical dolphin stranding data for Texas waters indicate seasonal stranding peaks similar to the present study, indicating a need for investigating potential HAB involvement in mass strandings in previous years and in future events. This study marks the first reported occurrence of okadaic acid in marine mammals, and documents a unique co-occurrence of multiple HAB toxins associated with an unusual mortality event. Texas waters harbor a high diversity of HAB events relative to other coastal regions, and this study highlights the importance of efforts to understand the impacts of such HAB events on the health of Texas marine wildlife. JF - Harmful Algae AU - Fire, Spencer E AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - Byrd, Meridith AU - Whitehead, Heidi R AU - Paternoster, Jeff AU - Morton, Steve L AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States, Spencer.fire@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 330 EP - 336 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1568-9883, 1568-9883 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Bottlenose dolphin KW - Biotoxin KW - Brevetoxin KW - Domoic acid KW - HAB KW - Harmful algal bloom KW - Okadaic acid KW - Tursiops truncatus KW - Unusual mortality event KW - New records KW - Algal blooms KW - Toxicants KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Diatoms KW - Phytoplankton KW - Prorocentrum KW - Pseudo-nitzschia pungens KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Food webs KW - Algae KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Dinophysis KW - Data processing KW - Biological poisons KW - Wildlife KW - Coastal waters KW - Toxins KW - Stranding KW - Brevetoxins KW - Marine mammals KW - Species diversity KW - Mortality causes KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860384000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Merging+Thermal+and+Microwave+Satellite+Observations+for+a+High-Resolution+Soil+Moisture+Data+Product&rft.au=Zhan%2C+Xiwu%3BAnderson%2C+Martha%3BLiu%2C+Jicheng&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=Xiwu&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - New records; Algal blooms; Toxicants; Biological poisons; Marine mammals; Species diversity; Phytoplankton; Food webs; Stranding; Mortality causes; Mortality; Data processing; Domoic acid; Brevetoxins; Wildlife; Diatoms; Coastal waters; Toxins; Algae; Okadaic acid; Pseudo-nitzschia pungens; Prorocentrum; Dinophysis; Tursiops truncatus; Bacillariophyceae; ASW, USA, Texas; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2010.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Source apportionment for African dust outbreaks over the Western Mediterranean using the HYSPLIT model AN - 860380475; 14364861 AB - A source apportionment technique has been applied to determine the geographical distribution of emissions in Northern Africa contributing to dust outbreaks that yield high PM10 levels at Spanish regional background stations. Seven dust episodes have been analyzed in this study. Total suspended particles have been sampled and chemically analyzed for these events at La Castanya background station (Montseny, NE Spain) and differences in the composition of airborne dust have been studied. The dominant role of northern and western source areas (Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania and the Western Sahara) contrasted with the negligible contribution of major emission source areas such as the Bodele depression, Libya, Niger, and Sudan. During the simulated events using the dust module of the HYSPLIT model, material from the latter regions is persistently transported across the Atlantic but not towards Western Europe. As a consequence, the composition of the dust turned out to be quite homogeneous since the mixing of dust occurs from various source areas with similar chemical composition. However, differences in Ca/Al ratios have been found in a number of samples that are mainly explained by vertical transport segregation of clay minerals (relatively richer in Al) from coarser dust particles (Ca-carbonate). JF - Atmospheric Research AU - Escudero, M AU - Stein, A F AU - Draxler, R R AU - Querol, X AU - Alastuey, A AU - Castillo, S AU - Avila, A AD - Department of Applied Physics, Politechnical School of Huesca, University of Saragossa, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071, Huesca, Spain, ariel.stein@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 518 EP - 527 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 99 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-8095, 0169-8095 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Air quality KW - Particulate matter KW - Modeling KW - Crustal aerosols KW - Clay minerals KW - Geographical distribution KW - ASE, Mauritania KW - ISW, Sudan KW - MED, Libya KW - Particulates KW - Dust particles KW - Mixing KW - Dust KW - Yield KW - Atmospheric transport KW - ASE, Africa, Western Sahara KW - Emissions KW - Chemical Composition KW - Modelling KW - ANE, Spain KW - Atmospheric particulates KW - Clay KW - Depressions KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Chemical composition KW - MED, Western Mediterranean KW - MED, Algeria KW - geographical distribution KW - outbreaks KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Dusts KW - Vertical advection KW - Model Studies KW - Niger KW - ASE, Africa KW - Particulate matter emissions KW - Clay Minerals KW - Africa KW - Minerals KW - Atmospheric research KW - Eolian dust KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860380475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Retrieving+Snowfall+Rate+Using+Satellite+Passive+Microwave+Data&rft.au=Meng%2C+Huan%3BYan%2C+Banghua%3BFerraro%2C+Ralph%3BPrice%2C+David&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=Huan&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clay minerals; Atmospheric particulates; Geographical distribution; Chemical composition; Suspended particulate matter; Vertical advection; Eolian dust; Modelling; Atmospheric transport; Atmospheric pollution; Depressions; Particulate matter emissions; Dust particles; Atmospheric research; Clay; geographical distribution; Emissions; Particulates; outbreaks; Minerals; Dust; Yield; Clay Minerals; Chemical Composition; Mixing; Dusts; Model Studies; Niger; ANE, Spain; ISW, Sudan; ASE, Mauritania; ASE, Africa; MED, Western Mediterranean; MED, Libya; ASE, Africa, Western Sahara; MED, Algeria; Africa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.12.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the use of IPCC-class models to assess the impact of climate on Living Marine Resources AN - 860379921; 14365188 AB - The study of climate impacts on Living Marine Resources (LMRs) has increased rapidly in recent years with the availability of climate model simulations contributed to the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Collaboration between climate and LMR scientists and shared understanding of critical challenges for such applications are essential for developing robust projections of climate impacts on LMRs. This paper assesses present approaches for generating projections of climate impacts on LMRs using IPCC-class climate models, recommends practices that should be followed for these applications, and identifies priority developments that could improve current projections. Understanding of the climate system and its representation within climate models has progressed to a point where many climate model outputs can now be used effectively to make LMR projections. However, uncertainty in climate model projections (particularly biases and inter-model spread at regional to local scales), coarse climate model resolution, and the uncertainty and potential complexity of the mechanisms underlying the response of LMRs to climate limit the robustness and precision of LMR projections. A variety of techniques including the analysis of multi-model ensembles, bias corrections, and statistical and dynamical downscaling can ameliorate some limitations, though the assumptions underlying these approaches and the sensitivity of results to their application must be assessed for each application. Developments in LMR science that could improve current projections of climate impacts on LMRs include improved understanding of the multi-scale mechanisms that link climate and LMRs and better representations of these mechanisms within more holistic LMR models. These developments require a strong baseline of field and laboratory observations including long time series and measurements over the broad range of spatial and temporal scales over which LMRs and climate interact. Priority developments for IPCC-class climate models include improved model accuracy (particularly at regional and local scales), inter-annual to decadal-scale predictions, and the continued development of earth system models capable of simulating the evolution of both the physical climate system and biosphere. Efforts to address these issues should occur in parallel and be informed by the continued application of existing climate and LMR models. JF - Progress in Oceanography AU - Stock, Charles A AU - Alexander, Michael A AU - Bond, Nicholas A AU - Brander, Keith M AU - Cheung, William WL AU - Curchitser, Enrique N AU - Delworth, Thomas L AU - Dunne, John P AU - Griffies, Stephen M AU - Haltuch, Melissa A AU - Hare, Jonathan A AU - Hollowed, Anne B AU - Lehodey, Patrick AU - Levin, Simon A AU - Link, Jason S AU - Rose, Kenneth A AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L AU - Stouffer, Ronald J AU - Schwing, Franklin B AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A AU - Werner, Francisco E AD - NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University Forrestal Campus, 201 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ 08540-6649, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 88 IS - 1-4 SN - 0079-6611, 0079-6611 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Marine KW - Climate models KW - Climates KW - Climate change KW - Statistical analysis KW - Oceanography KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - Biosphere KW - Projections KW - Time series analysis KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Model Studies KW - Marine Resources KW - Marine resources KW - Numerical simulations KW - Priorities KW - Evolution KW - Progress in oceanography KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860379921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Using+Hyperspectral+Infrared+Radiance+Global+Data+Sets+to+Validate+Climate+Analyses&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Mitchell%3BZhou%2C+Lihang%3BLiu%2C+Xingpin%3BWang%2C+Likun&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine resources; Climate change; Ecosystem disturbance; Modelling; Climate models; Numerical simulations; Statistical analysis; Biosphere; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Time series analysis; Progress in oceanography; Prediction; Marine Resources; Climates; Priorities; Oceanography; Projections; Evolution; Model Studies; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recharacterization of the Microwave Sounding Unit Cross-Track Asymmetry During a Spacecraft Tumble AN - 860375327; 14394817 AB - In August 2006, a pitch-over maneuver was performed on NOAA-14 in order to characterize the asymmetry in the Microwave Sounding Unit. Approximately seven weeks later, the spacecraft tumbled when a hydrazine thruster leaked. This tumble permitted a second characterization of the asymmetry. The analysis of the data collected during the tumble event revealed that, while three of the four channels had similar response and asymmetry, one channel changed its response either as a result of the tumble or due to another cause in the seven weeks after the pitch-over maneuver. This letter summarizes the results of the maneuver and gives the results from the tumble event. JF - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters AU - Kleespies, Thomas J AD - Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Camp Springs, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 230 EP - 232 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 USA VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1545-598X, 1545-598X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Channels KW - Remote Sensing KW - Microwaves KW - Sounding KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860375327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Letters&rft.atitle=Recharacterization+of+the+Microwave+Sounding+Unit+Cross-Track+Asymmetry+During+a+Spacecraft+Tumble&rft.au=Kleespies%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Kleespies&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Letters&rft.issn=1545598X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FLGRS.2010.2060310 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote Sensing; Channels; Microwaves; Sounding DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2010.2060310 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Craniella sputnika sp. nov. (Porifera: Spirophorida: Tetillidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, with suggested nomenclatural changes for the genera Tetilla and Craniella AN - 858423363; 14334732 AB - A new species of Craniella from the Aleutian Islands is described. Craniella sputnika sp. nov. differ from all other species of Craniella in its habitus, absence of microscleres and size of spicules. The name refers to its resemblance to Earth's first artificial satellite, due to its spherical body with long spines. The new species was observed growing on another demosponge, Myxilla sp. We propose transferring two species currently in Craniella to Tetilla (Craniella ellipsoidea Hoshino, 1982 and Craniella laminaris (George & Wilson, 1919)) and two subspecies (Craniella globosa anamonaena Tanita, 1968 and Craniella laminaris symmetrica (Wilson, 1931)) from Craniella to Tetilla. As Craniella globosa anamonaena Tanita, 1968, is actually a species of Tetilla we suggest raising the subspecies to species rank as Tetilla anamonaena. Conversely we think that two species, Tetilla ovata (Thiele, 1898) and Tetilla hamatum Koltun, 1966 should be transferred to Craniella. JF - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom AU - Lehnert, Helmut AU - Stone, Robert P AD - Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801 USA, Helm.Lehnert@t-online.de Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 321 EP - 328 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU UK VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0025-3154, 0025-3154 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Tetillidae KW - Porifera KW - Spirophorida KW - Myxilla KW - Spines KW - Craniella laminaris KW - Spicules KW - Satellites KW - USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Animal morphology KW - Islands KW - Tetilla KW - Craniella KW - Taxonomy KW - New species KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1030:Invertebrates KW - Q1 08243:Taxonomy and morphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858423363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Craniella+sputnika+sp.+nov.+%28Porifera%3A+Spirophorida%3A+Tetillidae%29+from+the+Aleutian+Islands%2C+Alaska%2C+with+suggested+nomenclatural+changes+for+the+genera+Tetilla+and+Craniella&rft.au=Lehnert%2C+Helmut%3BStone%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Lehnert&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.issn=00253154&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0025315410001025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animal morphology; Taxonomy; Satellites; New species; Islands; Spines; Spicules; Tetillidae; Porifera; Tetilla; Spirophorida; Myxilla; Craniella; Craniella laminaris; USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410001025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climatic and Tidal Forcing of Hydrography and Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Columbia River Estuary AN - 856786987; 14342845 AB - Hydrographic patterns and chlorophyll concentrations in the Columbia River estuary were compared for spring and summer periods during 2004 through 2006. Riverine and oceanic sources of chlorophyll were evaluated at stations along a 27-km along-estuary transect in relation to time series of wind stress, river flow, and tidal stage. Patterns of chlorophyll concentration varied between seasons and years. In spring, the chlorophyll distribution was dominated by high concentrations from freshwater sources. Periods of increased stream flow limited riverine chlorophyll production. In summer, conversely, upwelling winds induced input of high-salinity water from the ocean to the estuary, and this water was often associated with relatively high chlorophyll concentrations. The frequency, duration, and intensity of upwelling events varied both seasonally and interannually, and this variation affected the timing and magnitude of coastally derived material imported to the estuary. The main source of chlorophyll thus varied from riverine in spring to coastal in summer. In both spring and summer seasons and among years, modulation of the spring/neap tidal cycle determined stratification, patterns of mixing, and the fate of (especially freshwater) phytoplankton. Spring tides had higher mixing and neap tides greater stratification, which affected the vertical distribution of chlorophyll. The Columbia River differs from the more tidally dominated coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest by its large riverine phytoplankton production and transfer of this biogenic material to the estuary and coastal ocean. However, all Pacific Northwest coastal estuaries investigated to date have exhibited advection of coastally derived chlorophyll during the upwelling season. This constitutes a fundamental difference between Pacific Northwest estuaries and systems not bounded by a coastal upwelling zone. JF - Estuaries and Coasts AU - Roegner, GCurtis AU - Seaton, Charles AU - Baptista, Antonio M AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Point Adams Research Station, Box155, Hammond, OR, 97013, USA, curtis.roegner@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 281 EP - 296 PB - Estuarine Research Federation, 490 Chippingwood Dr. Port Republic MD 20676-2140 USA VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 1559-2723, 1559-2723 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chlorophyll KW - Upwelling KW - Phytoplankton KW - Stratification KW - Freshwater KW - Time series analysis KW - Mixing KW - Primary production KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - INE, USA, Columbia Estuary KW - Hydrography KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Wind KW - Rivers KW - Marine KW - River flow KW - Estuaries KW - River discharge KW - Brackish KW - Ocean circulation KW - Phytoplankton production KW - Upwelling events KW - Coastal zone KW - Oceans KW - Coastal oceanography KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - Q1 08566:Fishery charts, grounds and water areas KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - M2 551.466:Ocean Waves and Tides (551.466) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries+and+Coasts&rft.atitle=Climatic+and+Tidal+Forcing+of+Hydrography+and+Chlorophyll+Concentrations+in+the+Columbia+River+Estuary&rft.au=Roegner%2C+GCurtis%3BSeaton%2C+Charles%3BBaptista%2C+Antonio+M&rft.aulast=Roegner&rft.aufirst=GCurtis&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries+and+Coasts&rft.issn=15592723&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12237-010-9340-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Coastal zone; Upwelling; Estuaries; Ocean-atmosphere system; River discharge; Ocean circulation; Phytoplankton; Primary production; River flow; Hydrography; Coastal oceanography; Seasonal variability; Time series analysis; Upwelling events; Phytoplankton production; Rivers; Chlorophyll; Oceans; Stratification; Mixing; Wind; INE, USA, Columbia Estuary; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9340-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Empirical assessment of incorporating sediment quality triad data into a single index to distinguish dominant stressors between sites AN - 856786636; 14301523 AB - Benthic infaunal community structure, sediment contamination, and sediment toxicity data (Sediment Quality Triad) were condensed into a single index based on the area of tri-axial plots, which were examined in relation to various habitat parameters. The purpose was to assess its utility for evaluating the relative impact of contaminants versus other stressors on benthic communities. The regression relationship between the areal index and the Effects Range-Median quotient (ERMq) was used to separate contaminant-impacted sites from sites impacted by hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay. Regression using the areal index and bottom oxygen confirm the utility of the approach. Data from Delaware, Galveston, and Biscayne Bays were also examined to determine if the approach may be effective in other estuaries. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Hartwell, SIan AU - Hameedi, MJ AU - Pait, A S AD - NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA, ian.hartwell@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 605 EP - 623 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 174 IS - 1-4 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Assessments KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Toxicity KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Empirical+assessment+of+incorporating+sediment+quality+triad+data+into+a+single+index+to+distinguish+dominant+stressors+between+sites&rft.au=Hartwell%2C+SIan%3BHameedi%2C+MJ%3BPait%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Hartwell&rft.aufirst=SIan&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10661-010-1482-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicity; Sediment Contamination; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1482-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coastal construction trends in response to coastal erosion: an opportunity for adaptation AN - 856785883; 14326337 AB - In Florida, more than half of the state's sandy beach coastlines are designated as critical erosion areas by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP 2008). At the same time, the economic contribution of coastal construction is being confounded by the fiscal peril facing Florida (Bird in Ann Geomorph 57:1-9, 1985, Pew Center on the States 2009, U.S BEA 2009). It is therefore an opportune time for an evaluation of coastal erosion policy response which specifically addresses coastal construction. Furthermore in Florida, an increasing coastal population requiring the provision of structural development necessitates an improved understanding of how legislative intent which avoids the cumulative impacts of development is translated through quantified policy response. This study characterizes how coastal development trends in Florida have responded to critical erosion designation. Using spatial and temporal analysis of coastal construction permitting data from 1987 to 2007, three coastal counties in northwest Florida were selected for this study. This selection was based on proximity to the designated ecologically sensitive Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve (ANERR). This study has indicated that clusters of development have not been reduced or redirected by critical erosion designation in certain areas of the study counties. Therefore this study has implications for the regulatory framework governing coastal development permitting in Florida, which is of timely relevance for sea-level rise adaptation. JF - Journal of Coastal Conservation AU - Marshall, Ariana AU - Robinson, Larry AU - Allen Owens, Marcia AD - Environmental Sciences Institute, NOAA, Environmental Cooperative Science Center, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 61 EP - 72 PB - European Union of Coastal Conservation, Dordrecht Malmen Lanna 74011 Sweden VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1400-0350, 1400-0350 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sea level KW - Development KW - adaptability KW - Evaluation KW - Geomorphology KW - Potential resources KW - Erosion Control KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Apalachicola Natl. Estuarine Research Reserve KW - Economics KW - Adaptation KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Coasts KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Beaches KW - Policies KW - Data processing KW - Coastal erosion KW - Adaptations KW - Construction KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Environmental Protection KW - Environmental protection KW - Aves KW - Erosion KW - coastal zone management KW - Conservation KW - Birds KW - Legislation KW - Sea level changes KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856785883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Conservation&rft.atitle=Coastal+construction+trends+in+response+to+coastal+erosion%3A+an+opportunity+for+adaptation&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Ariana%3BRobinson%2C+Larry%3BAllen+Owens%2C+Marcia&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Ariana&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Conservation&rft.issn=14000350&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11852-010-0120-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policies; Potential resources; Geomorphology; Adaptations; Coastal erosion; Estuaries; Brackishwater environment; Sea level changes; Coasts; Beaches; Data processing; Economics; Conservation; Development; Environmental protection; Aves; Erosion; Sea level; coastal zone management; Legislation; adaptability; Evaluation; Erosion Control; Construction; Adaptation; Environmental Protection; Birds; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Apalachicola Natl. Estuarine Research Reserve; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-010-0120-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation and toxicological inference of trace elements in tissues from stranded and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). AN - 853470561; 21126751 AB - The significance of metal concentrations in marine mammals is not well understood and relating concentrations between stranded and free-ranging populations has been difficult. In order to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging dolphins, we examined concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, total Hg (THg), V, Zn) in skin and liver of stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the South Carolina (SC) coast and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (FL) during 2000-2008. Significantly higher concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se, Al, Cu and THg were found in skin while liver exhibited significantly higher Cu, Fe, Mn and THg concentrations for both study sites. Mean skin concentrations of Cu and Mn were significantly higher in SC dolphins while higher concentrations of THg and V were found in FL dolphins. In addition, liver tissues in SC dolphins exhibited significantly higher As concentrations while higher Fe, Pb, Se, THg, and V levels were found in FL dolphins. Two elements (Cu and THg) showed significant age-related correlations with skin concentration while five elements (Cu, Se, THg, Zn and V) showed age-related correlations with liver concentrations. Geographic location influenced age-related accumulation of several trace elements and age-related accumulation of THg in hepatic tissue was observed for both sites to have the highest correlations (r² = 0.90SC; r² = 0.69FL). Mean THg concentration in liver was about 10 times higher in FL dolphins (330 μg g⁻¹ dw) than those samples from SC dolphins (34.3 μg g⁻¹ dw). The mean molar ratio of Hg to Se was 0.93 ± 0.32 and 1.08 ± 0.38 for SC and FL dolphins, respectively. However, the Hg:Se ratio varied with age as much lower ratios (0.2-0.4) were found in younger animals. Of the 18 measured elements, only THg was significantly correlated in skin and liver of stranded dolphins and skin of free-ranging dolphins from both sites suggesting that skin may be useful in predicting Hg concentrations in liver tissue of free-ranging dolphins. Results indicate that 33% of the stranded and 15% of the free-ranging dolphins from FL exceed the minimum 100 μg g⁻¹ wet weight (ww) (~ 400 dw) Hg threshold for hepatic damage while none from SC reached this level. Hepatic concentrations of As in SC dolphins and V in FL dolphins were also highly correlated with skin concentrations which may have some regional specificity predictive value. The present study provides the first application of trace element concentrations derived from stranded bottlenose dolphins to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging populations. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. JF - Chemosphere AU - Stavros, Hui-Chen W AU - Stolen, Megan AU - Durden, Wendy Noke AU - McFee, Wayne AU - Bossart, Gregory D AU - Fair, Patricia A AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1649 EP - 1661 VL - 82 IS - 11 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Trace Elements KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Mercury -- metabolism KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Mercury -- standards KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Bottle-Nosed Dolphin -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Trace Elements -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- standards KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Trace Elements -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853470561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Correlation+and+toxicological+inference+of+trace+elements+in+tissues+from+stranded+and+free-ranging+bottlenose+dolphins+%28Tursiops+truncatus%29.&rft.au=Stavros%2C+Hui-Chen+W%3BStolen%2C+Megan%3BDurden%2C+Wendy+Noke%3BMcFee%2C+Wayne%3BBossart%2C+Gregory+D%3BFair%2C+Patricia+A&rft.aulast=Stavros&rft.aufirst=Hui-Chen&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=1879-1298&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2011-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES BASIN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AN - 1765943774; PQ0002620916 AB - The NOAA Great Lakes Regional Collaboration Team, Great Lakes Sea Grant Network, and Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve are working with the Great Lakes [&] Saint Lawrence Cities Initiative to develop specialized training to build the capacity of Great Lakes coastal communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change. To ensure that training meets priority needs and provides accessible and applicable tools and resources, these organizations are collaborating to conduct a needs assessment: a comprehensive front-end evaluation of the climate change adaptation training and information needs of Great Lakes coastal communities. The goal of this needs assessment is to collect sufficient information about the knowledge, skills, interest, attitudes, and/or abilities of Great Lakes coastal community planners, storm-water managers, and natural resource managers to design effective training that increases the ability of these groups to confront and adapt to the impacts of climate change. JF - NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL AU - Nelson, Dawn AU - Elmer, Heather AU - Held, Rebecca AU - Forsythe, Danielle AU - Casey, Shauna AD - University of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research and NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1 EP - 43 PB - U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor MI 48105-2945 United States VL - 153 SN - 0733-4044, 0733-4044 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Climate change KW - Streams KW - Evaluation KW - Natural Resources KW - Attitudes KW - Potential resources KW - North America, Great Lakes Basin KW - Assessments KW - Networks KW - Adaptation KW - Brackishwater environment KW - USA, Erie L., Old Woman Creek KW - Adaptations KW - Training KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Creek KW - Coastal zone management KW - Natural resources KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09242:Observations and measurements at sea KW - SW 7010:Education - extramural UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765943774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+GLERL&rft.atitle=LAURENTIAN+GREAT+LAKES+BASIN+CLIMATE+CHANGE+ADAPTATION&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Dawn%3BElmer%2C+Heather%3BHeld%2C+Rebecca%3BForsythe%2C+Danielle%3BCasey%2C+Shauna&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+GLERL&rft.issn=07334044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Potential resources; Adaptations; Natural resources; Estuaries; Climate change; Brackishwater environment; Creek; Coastal zone management; Evaluation; Attitudes; Natural Resources; Assessments; Training; Networks; Adaptation; Streams; USA, Erie L., Old Woman Creek; North America, Great Lakes Basin; North America, Great Lakes; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron activation analysis: A primary method of measurement AN - 1266749259; 15161792 AB - Neutron activation analysis (NAA), based on the comparator method, has the potential to fulfill the requirements of a primary ratio method as defined in 1998 by the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere - Metrologie en Chimie (CCQM, Consultative Committee on Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry). This thesis is evidenced in this paper in three chapters by: demonstration that the method is fully physically and chemically understood; that a measurement equation can be written down in which the values of all parameters have dimensions in SI units and thus having the potential for metrological traceability to these units; that all contributions to uncertainty of measurement can be quantitatively evaluated, underpinning the metrological traceability; and that the performance of NAA in CCQM key-comparisons of trace elements in complex matrices between 2000 and 2007 is similar to the performance of Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS), which had been formerly designated by the CCQM as a primary ratio method. JF - Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy AU - Greenberg, Robert R AU - Bode, Peter AU - De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8395, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 193 EP - 241 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 66 IS - 3-4 SN - 0584-8547, 0584-8547 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Neutron activation analysis KW - Metrology KW - Primary method of measurement KW - Uncertainty budget KW - Metrological traceability KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Mathematical models KW - Neutron Activation Analysis KW - Trace Elements KW - Spectroscopy KW - Trace elements KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Isotope dilution KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1266749259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Neutron+activation+analysis%3A+A+primary+method+of+measurement&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Robert+R%3BBode%2C+Peter%3BDe+Nadai+Fernandes%2C+Elisabete+A&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.issn=05848547&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.sab.2010.12.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Isotope dilution; Trace elements; Neutron activation analysis; Mass Spectrometry; Performance Evaluation; Neutron Activation Analysis; Wastewater Disposal; Trace Elements; Spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2010.12.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geologic mapping of surficial sediments and near-surface stratigraphy with multiple remote-sensing techniques; describing and monitoring tidal regions in central South Carolina AN - 1033535285; 2012-074239 AB - An extensive system of remote-sensing, database development, and data-dissemination tools has been acquired at the College of Charleston to facilitate student, staff, and faculty research and training for local, regional, and national needs. This set of data-collection, processing, and interpretation tools, combined with relationships with local, regional, national, and international research partners, provides researchers with an integrated hardware and software platform for high-resolution mapping of surficial sediments and near-surface stratigraphy of marine and terrestrial deposits of the Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf. Herein we present information on the workflow and training models from field to interpreted data products, and provide integrated geological mapping examples from Pleistocene marine terraces, tidal rivers and creeks, estuaries, coastal, and continental shelf systems. Data and interpreted data products combining recently collected and historical information are provided online through an integrated ArcGIS server system and multi-tiered online access system. These rich data environments provide researchers and managers with information needed to make better basic and need-based decisions in these highly varied and dynamic geological regions. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Harris, M Scott AU - Luciano, Katherine E AU - Johnson, Kacey AU - McMullen, Sharon Kate AU - Kennedy, Brian AU - Sautter, Leslie AU - Levine, Norman S AU - Shah, Anjana K AU - Sedberry, George R AU - Deming, Ashley AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 66 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - stratigraphy KW - high-resolution methods KW - Quaternary KW - South Carolina KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - Cenozoic KW - regional KW - sediments KW - data bases KW - Pleistocene KW - coastal environment KW - continental shelf KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033535285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Geologic+mapping+of+surficial+sediments+and+near-surface+stratigraphy+with+multiple+remote-sensing+techniques%3B+describing+and+monitoring+tidal+regions+in+central+South+Carolina&rft.au=Harris%2C+M+Scott%3BLuciano%2C+Katherine+E%3BJohnson%2C+Kacey%3BMcMullen%2C+Sharon+Kate%3BKennedy%2C+Brian%3BSautter%2C+Leslie%3BLevine%2C+Norman+S%3BShah%2C+Anjana+K%3BSedberry%2C+George+R%3BDeming%2C+Ashley%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 60th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-16 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; Cenozoic; coastal environment; continental shelf; data bases; data processing; high-resolution methods; mapping; Pleistocene; Quaternary; regional; sediments; South Carolina; stratigraphy; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea-floor character and sedimentary environments offshore of Edgartown Harbor, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts AN - 1033534188; 2012-074310 AB - Gridded bathymetry and sidescan-sonar imagery together cover approximately 37.3 square kilometers of sea floor in the vicinity of Edgartown Harbor, Massachusetts. Although originally collected for charting purposes during NOAA hydrographic survey H11346, these data, and the seismic-reflection lines and sampling and photographic stations occupied to verify them, show seabed terrain and composition, provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat, and are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities (e.g., windfarms, cables, and dredging) along the Massachusetts inner continental shelf. Other than adjacent to shorelines, the shallowest areas occur on an elongate bathymetric high that extends northeastward from Middle Flats. Most gradients are relatively gentle except in constricted areas where tidal currents maintain steeper slopes. Distinctive tonal patterns revealed by sidescan-sonar include: 1) complex patches of high and low backscatter targets that delineate bouldery areas on the seaward extension of Middle flats, suggesting sedimentary environments characterized by processes of erosion or non-deposition; 2) alternating bands of high and low backscatter caused by sand waves southeast of Oak Bluffs and off Cape Poge, indicative of processes associated with coarse bedload transport; 3) high backscatter caused by coarser-grained sediments and shell beds, composed predominantly of slippersnail (Crepidula) shells; and 4) low backscatter from finer-grained sediments in low-energy depositional environments of inner Edgartown Harbor. Interpretations of seismic profiles reveal a stratigraphic section composed of Late Cretaceous to Tertiary age coastal-plain deposits unconformably overlain by Pleistocene deposits of till and stratified outwash. This glacial drift was subsequently cut by streams flowing generally toward the northeast. Channels created by these streams, now mostly filled by estuarine and transitional deposits, coalesce into dendritic patterns. An unconformity cut during the last transgression separates these older deposits from overlying modern marine deposits. The marine sediments are thickest in areas more protected from waves and currents and thin or absent in more exposed areas. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Poppe, L J AU - Ackerman, S D AU - McMullen, K Y AU - Glomb, K A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 77 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Edgartown Harbor KW - offshore KW - characterization KW - environmental management KW - dredging KW - transport KW - Massachusetts KW - Dukes County Massachusetts KW - sediments KW - depositional environment KW - ocean floors KW - bedload KW - sediment transport KW - West Atlantic KW - sedimentation KW - intertidal sedimentation KW - harbors KW - shorelines KW - Martha's Vineyard KW - habitat KW - inner shelf KW - continental shelf KW - bathymetry KW - erodibility KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033534188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Sea-floor+character+and+sedimentary+environments+offshore+of+Edgartown+Harbor%2C+Martha%27s+Vineyard%2C+Massachusetts&rft.au=Poppe%2C+L+J%3BAckerman%2C+S+D%3BMcMullen%2C+K+Y%3BGlomb%2C+K+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 60th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-16 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; bedload; characterization; continental shelf; depositional environment; dredging; Dukes County Massachusetts; Edgartown Harbor; environmental management; erodibility; habitat; harbors; inner shelf; intertidal sedimentation; Martha's Vineyard; Massachusetts; ocean floors; offshore; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; shorelines; transport; United States; West Atlantic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylmercury photodegradation influenced by sea-ice cover in Arctic marine ecosystems AN - 1032893141; 16969567 AB - Atmospheric deposition of mercury to remote areas has increased threefold since pre-industrial times. Mercury deposition is particularly pronounced in the Arctic. Following deposition to surface oceans and sea ice, mercury can be converted into methylmercury, a biologically accessible form of the toxin, which biomagnifies along the marine food chain. Mass-independent fractionation of mercury isotopes accompanies the photochemical breakdown of methylmercury to less bioavailable forms in surface waters. Here we examine the isotopic composition of mercury in seabird eggs collected from colonies in the North Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea and the western Arctic Ocean, to determine geographical variations in methylmercury breakdown at northern latitudes. We find evidence for mass-independent fractionation of mercury isotopes. The degree of mass-independent fractionation declines with latitude. Foraging behaviour and geographic variations in mercury sources and solar radiation fluxes were unable to explain the latitudinal gradient. However, mass-independent fractionation was negatively correlated with sea-ice cover. We conclude that sea-ice cover impedes the photochemical breakdown of methylmercury in surface waters, and suggest that further loss of Arctic sea ice this century will accelerate sunlight-induced breakdown of methylmercury in northern surface waters. JF - Nature Geoscience AU - Point, D AU - Sonke, JE AU - Day, R D AU - Roseneau, D G AU - Hobson, KA AU - Vander Pol, SS AU - Moors, A J AU - Pugh, R S AU - Donard, OFX AU - Becker, PR AD - 1] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA [2] Laboratoire des Mecanismes et Transferts en Geologie (LMTG), Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees, UMR CNRS 5563, UMR IRD 154, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 188 EP - 194 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0894 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Isotopes KW - Food chains KW - Surface water KW - Mercury sources KW - Solar radiation KW - Eggs KW - Colonies KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Arctic sea ice KW - Seabirds KW - Dimethylmercury KW - Arctic Ocean KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Geographical variations KW - PN, Arctic Ocean KW - Foraging behavior KW - Toxins KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Sea ice KW - Mercury deposition KW - Photodegradation KW - Oceans KW - Mercury KW - Arctic ecology KW - M2 551.326:Floating Ice (551.326) KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1032893141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Methylmercury+photodegradation+influenced+by+sea-ice+cover+in+Arctic+marine+ecosystems&rft.au=Point%2C+D%3BSonke%2C+JE%3BDay%2C+R+D%3BRoseneau%2C+D+G%3BHobson%2C+KA%3BVander+Pol%2C+SS%3BMoors%2C+A+J%3BPugh%2C+R+S%3BDonard%2C+OFX%3BBecker%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Point&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foraging behavior; Isotopes; Food chains; Surface water; Solar radiation; Toxins; Eggs; Sea ice; Colonies; Photodegradation; Oceans; Dimethylmercury; Mercury; Marine ecosystems; Geographical variations; Mercury deposition; Arctic sea ice; Seabirds; Arctic Ocean; Mercury sources; Arctic ecology; PN, Arctic Ocean; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1049 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazards of combustion products: Toxicity, opacity, corrosivity, and heat release: The experts' views on capability and issues AN - 1017967374; 16698291 AB - The science of understanding how fires burn and how heat smoke and gases are generated and affect people has progressed substantially in the last half century. The principles of facility design for life safety in fires have reached a degree of maturity. Standards and code provisions for fire detection, suppression and control have become the norm. Real-scale (or nearly real-scale) test methods for the flammability of furnishings and interior finish have been established. In addition, some tests have been developed that measure the results of the burning of a small sample from the finished product. Yet, while there have been numerous small-scale apparatuses developed for assessing the generation of heat, toxic gases, and visible or corrosive smoke, these facets of life and property safety have not found widespread inclusion in building and fire codes. There has been an invigorated effort in ISO TC92 SC3, Fire Threat to People and the Environment, to develop a coherent and comprehensive set of fire safety standards and guidance documents for life safety. Smaller efforts are ongoing within some national and regional standards bodies. In November 2008, experts in this field gathered at The Royal Society in London to hear papers that captured the state of the art and to discuss where we might go from here. This paper summarizes the papers and the discussion from that meeting. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Gann, Richard G AU - Babrauskas, Vytenis AU - Grayson, Stephen J AU - Marsh, Nathan D AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, U.S.A., rggann@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 115 EP - 127 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1099-1018, 1099-1018 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Smoke KW - Burns KW - Fires KW - Gases KW - maturity KW - Safety engineering KW - Combustion products KW - building codes KW - British Isles, England, Greater London, London KW - Toxicity KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017967374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Hazards+of+combustion+products%3A+Toxicity%2C+opacity%2C+corrosivity%2C+and+heat+release%3A+The+experts%27+views+on+capability+and+issues&rft.au=Gann%2C+Richard+G%3BBabrauskas%2C+Vytenis%3BGrayson%2C+Stephen+J%3BMarsh%2C+Nathan+D&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=10991018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.1043 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fam.1043/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Smoke; Fires; maturity; Gases; Safety engineering; building codes; Combustion products; Toxicity; British Isles, England, Greater London, London DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.1043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle dependent TN-C promoter activity determined by live cell imaging AN - 1017964624; 16714504 AB - The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C plays a critical role in development, wound healing, and cancer progression, but how it is controlled and how it exerts its physiological responses remain unclear. By quantifying the behavior of live cells with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, the dynamic regulation of TN-C promoter activity is examined. We employ an NIH 3T3 cell line stably transfected with the TN-C promoter ligated to the gene sequence for destabilized green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fully automated image analysis routines, validated by comparison with data derived from manual segmentation and tracking of single cells, are used to quantify changes in the cellular GFP in hundreds of individual cells throughout their cell cycle during live cell imaging experiments lasting 62 h. We find that individual cells vary substantially in their expression patterns over the cell cycle, but that on average TN-C promoter activity increases during the last 40% of the cell cycle. We also find that the increase in promoter activity is proportional to the activity earlier in the cell cycle. This work illustrates the application of live cell microscopy and automated image analysis of a promoter-driven GFP reporter cell line to identify subtle gene regulatory mechanisms that are difficult to uncover using population averaged measurements. Published 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Cytometry Part A AU - Halter, Michael AU - Sisan, Daniel R AU - Chalfoun, Joe AU - Stottrup, Benjamin L AU - Cardone, Antonio AU - Dima, Alden A AU - Tona, Alessandro AU - Plant, Anne L AU - Elliott, John T AD - Cell Systems Science Group/Biochemical Science Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, michael.halter@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 192 EP - 202 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 79A IS - 3 SN - 1552-4930, 1552-4930 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cancer KW - Cell cycle KW - Cytometry KW - Data processing KW - Development KW - Extracellular matrix KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Image processing KW - Promoters KW - Segmentation KW - Tenascin C KW - Wound healing KW - imaging KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017964624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+dependent+TN-C+promoter+activity+determined+by+live+cell+imaging&rft.au=Halter%2C+Michael%3BSisan%2C+Daniel+R%3BChalfoun%2C+Joe%3BStottrup%2C+Benjamin+L%3BCardone%2C+Antonio%3BDima%2C+Alden+A%3BTona%2C+Alessandro%3BPlant%2C+Anne+L%3BElliott%2C+John+T&rft.aulast=Halter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=79A&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.issn=15524930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcyto.a.21028 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.21028/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Cell cycle; Green fluorescent protein; Image processing; Wound healing; Development; imaging; Cancer; Cytometry; Promoters; Tenascin C; Extracellular matrix; Segmentation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.21028 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population dynamics of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean AN - 860379541; 14361877 AB - We developed an age-structured population model of splitnose rockfish, Sebastes diploproa, in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Splitnose rockfish is a bycatch species that co-occurs with several commercially important species that are currently declared overfished. Bycatch species are typically not the focus of stock assessment efforts because of their limited economic importance, but they may suffer the same population declines as species with which they co-occur. To examine the dynamics of splitnose rockfish for the first time, we analyzed data from three groundfish fisheries and four research surveys conducted in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. To develop a model, we used Stock Synthesis, a statistical framework for the construction of a population dynamics models utilizing both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data. In the model, we reconstructed the total catch of the species back to 1900, estimated the dynamics of the stock spawning output and recruitment and evaluated biomass depletion relative to the stock's unfished state, as well as sources of uncertainty in model outputs. The results indicate that the splitnose rockfish is currently not overfished even though it has experienced several periods of abrupt decline in its biomass. Revisiting age data from earlier years, monitoring fishery discard, and investigating the spatial dynamics of splitnose rockfish is important to further improve the understanding of this species' population dynamics, and decrease uncertainty in model results. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Gertseva, Vladlena V AU - Cope, Jason M AD - Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA, vladlena.gertseva@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/24/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 24 SP - 973 EP - 981 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 222 IS - 4 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Splitnose rockfish KW - Northeast Pacific Ocean KW - Bycatch KW - Population dynamics KW - Age-structured model KW - Stock Synthesis KW - Marine fisheries KW - Age KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - population decline KW - Sebastes diploproa KW - spawning KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Fishery surveys KW - Fisheries KW - recruitment KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Stock assessment KW - Recruitment KW - Spawning KW - Population decline KW - Biomass KW - By catch KW - INE, Pacific KW - economic importance KW - Oceans KW - Depleted stocks KW - Economic importance KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860379541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+of+splitnose+rockfish+%28Sebastes+diploproa%29+in+the+Northeast+Pacific+Ocean&rft.au=Gertseva%2C+Vladlena+V%3BCope%2C+Jason+M&rft.aulast=Gertseva&rft.aufirst=Vladlena&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolmodel.2010.12.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Marine fisheries; Marine fish; By catch; Fishery surveys; Recruitment; Stock assessment; Depleted stocks; Population dynamics; Age; Data processing; Statistics; Mathematical models; Statistical analysis; Spawning; Biomass; Population decline; Models; Oceans; Fisheries; Economic importance; catches; economic importance; recruitment; population decline; spawning; Sebastes diploproa; INE, Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe AN - 864962412; 14448755 AB - Nearly half of the earth's photosynthetically fixed carbon derives from the oceans. To determine global and region specific rates, we rely on models that estimate marine net primary productivity (NPP) thus it is essential that these models are evaluated to determine their accuracy. Here we assessed the skill of 21 ocean color models by comparing their estimates of depth-integrated NPP to 1156 in situ super(14)C measurements encompassing ten marine regions including the Sargasso Sea, pelagic North Atlantic, coastal Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, subtropical North Pacific, Ross Sea, West Antarctic Peninsula, and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Average model skill, as determined by root-mean square difference calculations, was lowest in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, highest in the pelagic North Atlantic and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, and intermediate in the other six regions. The maximum fraction of model skill that may be attributable to uncertainties in both the input variables and in situ NPP measurements was nearly 72%. On average, the simplest depth/wavelength integrated models performed no worse than the more complex depth/wavelength resolved models. Ocean color models were not highly challenged in extreme conditions of surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, nor in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll waters. Water column depth was the primary influence on ocean color model performance such that average skill was significantly higher at depths greater than 250 m, suggesting that ocean color models are more challenged in Case-2 waters (coastal) than in Case-1 (pelagic) waters. Given that in situ chlorophyll-a data was used as input data, algorithm improvement is required to eliminate the poor performance of ocean color NPP models in Case-2 waters that are close to coastlines. Finally, ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms are challenged by optically complex Case-2 waters, thus using satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to estimate NPP in coastal areas would likely further reduce the skill of ocean color models. JF - Biogeosciences AU - Saba, V S AU - Friedrichs, MAM AU - Antoine, D AU - Armstrong, R A AU - Asanuma, I AU - Behrenfeld, MJ AU - Ciotti, A M AU - Dowell, M AU - Hoepffner, N AU - Hyde, KJW AD - NOAA/NMFS Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA Y1 - 2011/02/22/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 22 SP - 489 EP - 503 PB - European Geosciences Union, c/o E.O.S.T. Strasbourg Cedex 67084 France VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1726-4170, 1726-4170 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Chlorophylls KW - PS, Ross Sea KW - ISW, Arabian Sea KW - PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula KW - Algorithms KW - Primary production KW - Water column KW - Models KW - Colour KW - MED, Black Sea KW - Carbon KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Wavelength KW - AN, Sargasso Sea KW - Coasts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Carbon 14 KW - Extreme values KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Frontal zones KW - Color KW - Satellite data KW - Coastal zone KW - Oceans KW - Pelagic environment KW - Coastal oceanography KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q1 08481:Productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+ocean+color+model+estimates+of+marine+primary+productivity+in+coastal+and+pelagic+regions+across+the+globe&rft.au=Saba%2C+V+S%3BFriedrichs%2C+MAM%3BAntoine%2C+D%3BArmstrong%2C+R+A%3BAsanuma%2C+I%3BBehrenfeld%2C+MJ%3BCiotti%2C+A+M%3BDowell%2C+M%3BHoepffner%2C+N%3BHyde%2C+KJW&rft.aulast=Saba&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeosciences&rft.issn=17264170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colour; Chlorophylls; Coastal zone; Mathematical models; Pelagic environment; Carbon 14; Extreme values; Primary production; Coasts; Temperature effects; Carbon; Data processing; Oceans; Algorithms; Wavelength; Water column; Models; Color; Satellite data; Coastal oceanography; Frontal zones; MED, Black Sea; PS, Ross Sea; ISW, Arabian Sea; IN, North Pacific; PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula; AN, North Atlantic; AN, Sargasso Sea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - North American isoprene influence on intercontinental ozone pollution AN - 858424609; 14432344 AB - Changing land-use and climate may alter emissions of biogenic isoprene, a key ozone (O sub(3)) precursor. Isoprene is also a precursor to peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and thus affects partitioning among oxidized nitrogen (NO sub(y)) species, shifting the balance towards PAN, which more efficiently contributes to long-range transport relative to nitric acid (HNO sub(3)) which rapidly deposits. With a suite of sensitivity simulations in the MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model, we gauge the relative importance of the intercontinental influence of a 20% increase in North American (NA) isoprene and a 20% decrease in NA anthropogenic emissions (nitrogen oxides (NO sub(x)), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and NO sub(x) + NMVOC + carbon monoxide + aerosols). The surface O sub(3) response to NA isoprene emissions ( Delta O sub(3)_ISOP) in surface air over NA is about one third of the response to all NA anthropogenic emissions ( Delta O sub(3)_ANTH; although with different signs). Over intercontinental distances, Delta O sub(3)_ISOP is relatively larger; in summer and fall, Delta O sub(3)_ISOP in surface air over Europe and North Africa (EU region) is more than half of Delta O sub(3)_ANTH. Future increases in NA isoprene emissions could thus offset decreases in EU surface O sub(3) resulting from controls on NA anthropogenic emissions. Over the EU region, Delta PAN_ISOP at 700 hPa is roughly the same magnitude as Delta PAN_ANTH (oppositely signed). Outside of the continental source region, the percentage changes in PAN are at least twice as large as for surface O sub(3), implying that long-term PAN measurements at high altitude sites may help to detect O sub(3) precursor emission changes. We find that neither the baseline level of isoprene emissions nor the fate of isoprene nitrates contributes to the large diversity in model estimates of the anthropogenic emission influence on intercontinental surface O sub(3) or oxidized nitrogen deposition reported in the recent TF HTAP multi-model studies (TFHTAP, 2007). JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Fiore, A M AU - Levy, H II AU - Jaffe, DA AD - NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA Y1 - 2011/02/22/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 22 SP - 1697 EP - 1710 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Europe KW - Emissions KW - Ozone KW - North America KW - Aerosols KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Environmental impact KW - Model Studies KW - Long-range transport KW - Numerical simulations KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Africa KW - Oxides KW - Nitrogen KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Carbon KW - Emission measurements KW - Nitrates KW - Climates KW - Troposphere KW - Tropospheric chemistry KW - Isoprene emissions KW - Deposition KW - Organic compounds in aerosols KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Ozone control KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - Q2 09185:Organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858424609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=North+American+isoprene+influence+on+intercontinental+ozone+pollution&rft.au=Fiore%2C+A+M%3BLevy%2C+H+II%3BJaffe%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Fiore&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon monoxide; Resource management; Aerosols; Environmental impact; Anthropogenic factors; Troposphere; Nitrogen compounds; Oxides; Ozone; Long-range transport; Atmospheric pollution models; Isoprene emissions; Numerical simulations; Atmospheric chemistry; Organic compounds in aerosols; Ozone control; Tropospheric chemistry; Nitrates; anthropogenic factors; Emission measurements; Emissions; Nitrogen; Carbon; Climates; Deposition; Model Studies; North America; Africa; Europe ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Using Ecosystem Services in Marine Decision-Making T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312991993; 6044983 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Sandifer, Paul Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Rubber KW - Decision making UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312991993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Where+the+Rubber+Meets+the+Road%3A+Using+Ecosystem+Services+in+Marine+Decision-Making&rft.au=Sandifer%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Sandifer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing Extinction Risks of Corals in a Changing Climate T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312990485; 6045226 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Brainard, Russell Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - extinction KW - Coral reefs KW - Extinction KW - Climate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312990485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Assessing+Extinction+Risks+of+Corals+in+a+Changing+Climate&rft.au=Brainard%2C+Russell&rft.aulast=Brainard&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing Sea Turtle Population Trends Given Strong Environmental Forcing T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312990451; 6045225 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Van Houtan, Kyle Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - turtles KW - Aquatic reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312990451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Assessing+Sea+Turtle+Population+Trends+Given+Strong+Environmental+Forcing&rft.au=Van+Houtan%2C+Kyle&rft.aulast=Van+Houtan&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changing Management To Manage Change: New Approaches from Natural and Social Science T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312980002; 6045029 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Ruckelshaus, Mary Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312980002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Noaa%27S+Global+High+Resolution+Satellite+Sea+Surface+Temperature+Blended+Analysis&rft.au=Maturi%2C+Eileen%3BSapper%2C+John%3BPichel%2C+William&rft.aulast=Maturi&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - From Climate Change to Fish on Your Plate: Managing Fisheries in a Changing World T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312979948; 6045028 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Hollowed, Anne Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Fishery management KW - Fish KW - Climatic changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312979948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+CRIS%2FATMS+Proxy+Radiances%2FRetrievals+with+Iasi+Retrievals%2C+ECMWF+Analysis+and+RAOB+Measurements&rft.au=Divakarla%2C+Murty&rft.aulast=Divakarla&rft.aufirst=Murty&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Science at the Poles: Twenty-Five Countries Protecting Living Resources T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312963152; 6044988 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Watters, George Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Living resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312963152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Science+at+the+Poles%3A+Twenty-Five+Countries+Protecting+Living+Resources&rft.au=Watters%2C+George&rft.aulast=Watters&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Risk Factor: Climate Change Opens Windows of Opportunity for Harmful Algal Blooms T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312962653; 6045078 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Moore, Stephanie Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Climatic changes KW - Algal blooms KW - Risk factors KW - Phytoplankton KW - Biological poisons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312962653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=The+Risk+Factor%3A+Climate+Change+Opens+Windows+of+Opportunity+for+Harmful+Algal+Blooms&rft.au=Moore%2C+Stephanie&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding Ocean Uses: The Heart of Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312957388; 6045038 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Wahle, Charles Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Environmental planning KW - spatial distribution KW - Oceans KW - Marine environment KW - Heart UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312957388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Understanding+Ocean+Uses%3A+The+Heart+of+Coastal+and+Marine+Spatial+Planning&rft.au=Wahle%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Wahle&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Measurement Science: A Key to Reducing the Cost and Improving the Quality of Health Care in the 21st Century T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312946874; 6045085 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Amos, Michael Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312946874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Measurement+Science%3A+A+Key+to+Reducing+the+Cost+and+Improving+the+Quality+of+Health+Care+in+the+21st+Century&rft.au=Amos%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Amos&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preparing for the Future: Adaptive Strategies To Deal with Changing Shorelines T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312946665; 6045180 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Davidson, Margaret Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Education KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312946665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Status+of+Pre-Launch+Activities+for+the+Npoess+Community+Collaborative+Calibration%2FValidation+Program+for+the+Npoess+Preparatory+Project&rft.au=Kilcoyne%2C+Heather&rft.aulast=Kilcoyne&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Need for International Capacity-Building and Overcoming Challenges T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312946122; 6044886 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - . Turner, James Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - carrying capacity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312946122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=The+Need+for+International+Capacity-Building+and+Overcoming+Challenges&rft.au=.+Turner%2C+James&rft.aulast=.+Turner&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature record in the oxygen stable isotopes of Pacific sardine otoliths: Experimental vs. wild stocks from the Southern California Bight AN - 860377974; 14366973 AB - Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax) are commercially fished in Canada, USA, and Mexico along approximately 5000km of coastal waters that experience a wide range of temperatures. Trinational management of the species can be problematic because the connectivity between spawning, recruitment, stock residency, and migration in some years may not be well predicted. Oxygen isotopic value of otoliths ( delta 18Ootolith) has been used to infer stock residency and movement of fish populations within regions, but few studies have used laboratory data to establish a predictive temperature model to validate delta 18Ootolith values of wild fish. We conducted a growth experiment with juveniles at different temperatures using Southern California Bight (SCB) seawater to test the assumption that Pacific sardine otoliths accurately record environmental water temperature in the presence of constant salinity. Sardine delta 18Ootolith values were significantly and negatively correlated with temperature according to the linear model: delta 18Ootolith - delta 18Owater=-0.132 plus or minus 0.003SE)-Temperature( degree C)+2 .455( plus or minus 0.043SE) We used this model to predict the temperature history of wild age-1 sardine collected in the SCB from 1995 to 2003. The field samples generally fit the model of SCB residency when both the average coastal sea surface temperatures and temperatures at 30m were used to bracket the range of calculated otolith temperatures. Pacific sardine recorded seawater temperatures as delta 18O values in their otoliths. A delta 18O-temperature model was developed based on the growth of juveniles. The model predicted temperature history of age-1 sardine in Southern California. Otolith delta 18O values likely reflected average depth distributions of 0-30m. Sardine otolith I18O values reflected El Nino and La Nina conditions in some years. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Dorval, Emmanis AU - Piner, Kevin AU - Robertson, Larry AU - Reiss, Christian S AU - Javor, Barbara AU - Vetter, Russ AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States, Barbara.Javor.@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 136 EP - 143 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 397 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Historical account KW - Isotopes KW - Body temperature KW - Seawater KW - La Nina KW - INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight KW - Migration KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Salinity KW - Growth KW - Marine environment KW - Salinity effects KW - El Nino KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Recruitment KW - Temperature KW - ANW, Canada KW - Spawning KW - Water temperature KW - Coastal waters KW - Sardinops sagax KW - Oxygen KW - Otoliths KW - otoliths KW - Migrations KW - ISE, Mexico KW - Fish KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q2 09146:TSD distribution, water masses and circulation KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860377974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Temperature+record+in+the+oxygen+stable+isotopes+of+Pacific+sardine+otoliths%3A+Experimental+vs.+wild+stocks+from+the+Southern+California+Bight&rft.au=Dorval%2C+Emmanis%3BPiner%2C+Kevin%3BRobertson%2C+Larry%3BReiss%2C+Christian+S%3BJavor%2C+Barbara%3BVetter%2C+Russ&rft.aulast=Dorval&rft.aufirst=Emmanis&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2010.11.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Growth rate; Prediction; Temperature effects; Growth; Otoliths; El Nino; Recruitment; Migrations; Isotopes; Data processing; Body temperature; La Nina; Water temperature; Spawning; Coastal waters; Migration; Models; Oxygen; Marine environment; Salinity effects; Historical account; Salinity; Seawater; otoliths; Temperature; Fish; Sardinops sagax; ISE, Mexico; INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight; ANW, Canada; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.11.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in penaeid shrimp growth rates along an estuarine salinity gradient: Implications for managing river diversions AN - 860376532; 14366966 AB - Freshwater inflows from river diversions may affect nekton populations by altering the salinity and temperature of estuarine waters. To investigate the influence of these environmental variables on the growth and survival rates of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, we conducted field experiments in May and September 2007 to expose experimental animals to the range of different combinations of salinity and water temperature that commonly occur in an estuarine environment. Growth rates for shrimp held in mesocosms for approximately 7days were compared among four locations and three treatments; locations were identified by the dominant marsh vegetation and distance from the Gulf of Mexico (low to high salinity: Intermediate, Brackish, Saline UE=Saline Up Estuary, Saline DE=Saline Down Estuary). At each location, the treatments were replicated four times and included shallow water with additional food, shallow water without food added, and deeper water (an attempt to expose animals to lower temperatures). Our experiments were designed to test the null hypothesis that shrimp growth and survival rates did not differ by location or treatment. Both brown shrimp and white shrimp grew more slowly at the Intermediate than higher salinity locations. Potential prey (benthic infauna) biomass was relatively low at both the Intermediate and Brackish locations in May, and both shrimp species consistently grew faster in mesocosms where food was added. We conclude that reduced growth in low salinity environments is likely due to the combined effects of increased metabolic costs and less food in these areas. River diversions that reduce estuarine salinities over a large portion of available habitat during peak recruitment periods may reduce overall growth rates and shrimp productivity in the affected areas. We compared growth rates of juvenile penaeids along an estuarine salinity gradient. In 2 experiments, brown shrimp and white shrimp were held for 7days in field mesocosms. Growth rates for both species were reduced in low salinity areas. Result was likely due to higher metabolic cost and less food in low salinity habitat. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Rozas, Lawrence P AU - Minello, Thomas J AD - NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service/SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center, 646 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, United States, lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 196 EP - 207 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 397 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrimp KW - Litopenaeus setiferus KW - Shallow Water KW - shallow water KW - Salinity KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Rivers KW - Freshwater environments KW - Recruitment KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Vegetation KW - prey KW - Growth Rates KW - Water temperature KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - Farfantepenaeus aztecus KW - Mesocosms KW - Nekton KW - survival KW - Food KW - Survival KW - Salinity gradients KW - Costs KW - Salinity effects KW - inflow KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Prey KW - Growth rate KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Decapoda KW - Temperature KW - Marshes KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Foods KW - Shallow water KW - Diversion KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860376532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+penaeid+shrimp+growth+rates+along+an+estuarine+salinity+gradient%3A+Implications+for+managing+river+diversions&rft.au=Rozas%2C+Lawrence+P%3BMinello%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Rozas&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2010.12.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Growth rate; Shallow water; Salinity effects; Estuaries; Brackishwater environment; Salinity gradients; Marine crustaceans; Mesocosms; Rivers; Freshwater environments; Food; Recruitment; Vegetation; Survival; Water temperature; Marshes; Biomass; Habitat; Nekton; Prey; shallow water; Salinity; Temperature; inflow; prey; survival; Costs; Foods; Shrimp; Growth Rates; Shallow Water; Diversion; Litopenaeus setiferus; Decapoda; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; ASW, Mexico Gulf; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.12.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring fall foliage coloration dynamics using time-series satellite data AN - 856781325; 14207884 AB - Fall foliage coloration is a phenomenon that occurs in many deciduous trees and shrubs worldwide. Measuring the phenology of fall foliage development is of great interest for climate change, the carbon cycle, ecology, and the tourist industry; but little effort has been devoted to monitoring the regional fall foliage status using remotely-sensed data. This study developed an innovative approach to monitoring fall foliage status by means of temporally-normalized brownness derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. Specifically, the time series of the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was smoothed and functionalized using a sigmoidal model to depict the continuous dynamics of vegetation growth. The modeled temporal NDVI trajectory during the senescent phase was further combined with the mixture modeling to deduce the temporally-normalized brownness index which was independent of the surface background, vegetation abundance, and species composition. This brownness index was quantitatively linked with the fraction of colored and fallen leaves in order to model the fall foliage coloration status. This algorithm was tested by monitoring the fall foliage coloration phase using MODIS data in northeastern North America from 2001 to 2004. The MODIS-derived timing of foliage coloration phases was compared with in-situ measurements, which showed an overall absolute mean difference of less than 5days for all foliage coloration phases and about 3days for near peak coloration and peak coloration. This suggested that the fall foliage coloration phase retrieved from the temporally-normalized brownness index was qualitatively realistic and repeatable. a-[ordmA sigmoidal model depicts the continuous dynamics of vegetation phenology. a-[ordmTemporal NDVI trajectory determines temporally-normalized brownness. a-[ordmTemporally-normalized brownness quantifies fall foliage coloration phases. a-[ordmFall foliage coloration from MODIS data presents consistent spatial pattern. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Zhang, Xiaoyang AU - Goldberg, Mitchell D AD - Earth Resources Technology Inc. at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746, United States, xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 382 EP - 391 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA VL - 115 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Phenology KW - Fall foliage coloration KW - Foliage phase KW - Time-series satellite data KW - Temporally-normalized brownness KW - Foliage KW - Abundance KW - Climatic changes KW - Remote sensing KW - Algorithms KW - spatial distribution KW - Coloration KW - foliage KW - Species composition KW - Shrubs KW - North America KW - deciduous trees KW - Data processing KW - time series analysis KW - Leaves KW - Carbon cycle KW - Vegetation KW - phenology KW - Satellites KW - imaging KW - innovations KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - ENA 20:Weather Modification & Geophysical Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856781325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Monitoring+fall+foliage+coloration+dynamics+using+time-series+satellite+data&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiaoyang%3BGoldberg%2C+Mitchell+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xiaoyang&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2010.09.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Foliage; Data processing; Climatic changes; Abundance; Carbon cycle; Leaves; Algorithms; Remote sensing; Vegetation; imaging; Satellites; Coloration; Phenology; Species composition; deciduous trees; spatial distribution; time series analysis; foliage; innovations; phenology; North America DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite observations of optical and biological properties in the Korean dump site of the Yellow Sea AN - 856781231; 14207869 AB - With the standard near-infrared (NIR) atmospheric correction algorithm for ocean color data processing, a high chlorophyll-a concentration patch was consistently observed from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua platform in the middle of the Yellow Sea during the spring (end of March to early May). This prominent patch was not observed in the historical ocean color satellite imageries in late 1970s to early 1980s, and a location corresponding to this patch has been used as a Korean dump site since 1988. At the same time, MODIS chlorophyll-a concentrations derived using the shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm developed for the ocean color satellite data in turbid coastal or high-productive ocean waters were significantly reduced. Comparison between in situ and MODIS chlorophyll-a measurements shows that the chlorophyll-a from the MODIS-Aqua products using the standard-NIR atmospheric correction algorithm is significantly overestimated. The images of the MODIS-derived normalized water-leaving radiance spectra and water diffuse attenuation coefficient data using the NIR-SWIR-based atmospheric correction approach show that absorption and scattering by organic and inorganic matter dumped in the Korean dump site have strongly influenced the satellite-derived chlorophyll-a data. Therefore, the biased high chlorophyll-a patch in the region is in fact an overestimation of chlorophyll-a values due to large errors from the standard-NIR atmospheric correction algorithm. Using the NIR-SWIR algorithm for MODIS-Aqua ocean color data processing, ocean color products from 2002 to 2008 for the Korean dump site region have been generated and used for characterizing the ocean optical and biological properties. Results show that there have been some important changes in the seasonal and interannual variations of phytoplankton biomass and other water optical and biological properties induced by colored dissolved organic matters, as well as suspended sediments. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Son, SeungHyun AU - Wang, Menghua AU - Shon, Jae-Kyoung AD - NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, E/RA3, Room 102, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA, Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 562 EP - 572 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA VL - 115 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Ocean color remote sensing KW - Ocean optical and biological properties in the ocean dump site KW - Chlorophylls KW - INW, Huanghai Sea KW - Algorithms KW - Remote sensing KW - Phytoplankton KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Radiance KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Absorption KW - Seasonal variations KW - I.R. radiation KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - dissolved organic matter KW - Image processing KW - Biological properties KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Satellites KW - Sediments KW - Color KW - Satellite sensing KW - Oceans KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856781231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Satellite+observations+of+optical+and+biological+properties+in+the+Korean+dump+site+of+the+Yellow+Sea&rft.au=Son%2C+SeungHyun%3BWang%2C+Menghua%3BShon%2C+Jae-Kyoung&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=SeungHyun&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2010.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite sensing; Chlorophylls; Radiance; Data processing; Mathematical models; Remote sensing; Phytoplankton; Biological properties; Biomass; I.R. radiation; dissolved organic matter; Algorithms; Image processing; Satellites; imaging; Sediments; Color; Oceans; Resuspended sediments; Sulfur dioxide; Absorption; Seasonal variations; INW, Huanghai Sea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluorinated Compounds in Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Alaska AN - 1257876897; 16064445 AB - Wildlife from remote locations have been shown to bioaccumulate perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in their tissues. Twelve PFCs, consisting of perfluorinated carboxylic (PFCA) and sulfonic (PFSA) acids as well as the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursor perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), were measured in livers of 68 beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) collected from two subpopulations, Cook Inlet and eastern Chukchi Sea, in Alaska between 1989 and 2006. PFOS and PFOSA were the dominant compounds measured in both beluga stock populations, with overall median concentrations of 10.8 ng/g and 22.8 ng/g, respectively. Long-chain perfluorocarboxylates, PFCAs (9 to 14 carbons), were detected in more than 80% of the samples. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriA) made up a large percentage of the PFCAs measured with median concentrations of 8.49 ng/g and 4.38 ng/g, respectively. To compare differences in location, year, sex, and length, backward stepwise multiple regression models of the individual and total PFC concentrations were used. Spatially, the Cook Inlet belugas had higher concentrations of most PFCAs and PFOS (p < 0.05); however, these belugas had a lower median concentration of PFOSA when compared to belugas from the eastern Chukchi Sea (p < 0.05). Temporal trends indicated most PFCAs, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOSA concentrations increased from 1989 to 2006 (p < 0.05). Males had significantly higher concentrations of PFTriA, Delta *SPFCA, and PFOS (p < 0.05). Perfluorononanic acid (PFNA) and PFOS showed a significant decrease in concentration with increasing animal length (p < 0.05). These observations suggest the accumulation of PFCs in belugas is influenced by year, location, sex, and length. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Reiner, Jessica L AU - O'Connell, Steven G AU - Moors, Amanda J AU - Kucklick, John R AU - Becker, Paul R AU - Keller, Jennifer M AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States Y1 - 2011/02/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 10 SP - 8129 EP - 8136 VL - 45 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - INE, Chukchi Sea KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Marine mammals KW - Subpopulations KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Cook Inlet KW - Coastal inlets KW - Cetacea KW - Delphinapterus leucas KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257876897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Trends+of+Perfluorinated+Compounds+in+Beluga+Whales+%28Delphinapterus+leucas%29+from+Alaska&rft.au=Reiner%2C+Jessica+L%3BO%27Connell%2C+Steven+G%3BMoors%2C+Amanda+J%3BKucklick%2C+John+R%3BBecker%2C+Paul+R%3BKeller%2C+Jennifer+M&rft.aulast=Reiner&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2011-02-10&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=8129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes103560q L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es103560q LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Subpopulations; Marine mammals; Coastal inlets; Cetacea; Delphinapterus leucas; INE, Chukchi Sea; INE, USA, Alaska, Cook Inlet; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103560q ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinguishing the Roles of Natural and Anthropogenically Forced Decadal Climate Variability Implications for Prediction AN - 902369256; 15791908 AB - Given that over the course of the next 10-30 years the magnitude of natural decadal variations may rival that of anthropogenically forced climate change on regional scales, it is envisioned that initialized decadal predictions will provide important information for climate-related management and adaptation decisions. Such predictions are presently one of the grand challenges for the climate community. This requires identifying those physical phenomena-and their model equivalents-that may provide additional predictability on decadal time scales, including an assessment of the physical processes through which anthropogenic forcing may interact with or project upon natural variability. Such a physical framework is necessary to provide a consistent assessment (and insight into potential improvement) of the decadal prediction experiments planned to be assessed as part of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Solomon, Amy AU - Goddard, Lisa AU - Kumar, Arun AU - Carton, James AU - Deser, Clara AU - Fukumori, Ichiro AU - Greene, Arthur M AU - Hegerl, Gabriele AU - Kirtman, Ben AU - Kushnir, Yochanan AD - University of Colorado, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 141 EP - 156 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climate models KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Decadal variations KW - Climate change KW - Natural variability KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - adaptability KW - Climatic variability KW - Predictability KW - Meteorology KW - American Meteorological Society KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902369256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=Distinguishing+the+Roles+of+Natural+and+Anthropogenically+Forced+Decadal+Climate+Variability+Implications+for+Prediction&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Amy%3BGoddard%2C+Lisa%3BKumar%2C+Arun%3BCarton%2C+James%3BDeser%2C+Clara%3BFukumori%2C+Ichiro%3BGreene%2C+Arthur+M%3BHegerl%2C+Gabriele%3BKirtman%2C+Ben%3BKushnir%2C+Yochanan&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2962.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climate models; Predictability; Climatic variability; Decadal variations; Climate change; Natural variability; American Meteorological Society; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; anthropogenic factors; Meteorology; adaptability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS2962.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat capacity of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) at high temperatures and high pressures AN - 889397958; 14916990 AB - Isobaric heat capacity of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) has been measured with a vacuum adiabatic calorimeter immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. Measurements were made in the temperature range from 293 to 671 K and at pressures up to 60 MPa. The uncertainty of heat capacity, pressure, and temperature measurements were estimated to be 2-2.5%, 0.05%, and 15 mK, respectively. The measured values of heat capacity were compared with the values calculated from a surrogate mixture model (equation of state, EOS). The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the present data and the values calculated with EOS was 0.81%. JF - Fuel AU - Abdulagatov, I M AU - Azizov, N D AD - Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia, ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 563 EP - 567 PB - Elsevier, Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0016-2361, 0016-2361 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Vacuum calorimeter KW - Heat capacity KW - Rocket propellant (RP-1) KW - Thermal decomposition KW - Fuels KW - Propellants KW - Temperature KW - temperature measurement KW - high temperature KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/889397958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel&rft.atitle=Heat+capacity+of+rocket+propellant+%28RP-1+fuel%29+at+high+temperatures+and+high+pressures&rft.au=Abdulagatov%2C+I+M%3BAzizov%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Abdulagatov&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel&rft.issn=00162361&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuel.2010.09.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Temperature; Propellants; temperature measurement; high temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global component aerosol direct radiative effect at the top of atmosphere AN - 888103188; 15024741 AB - The two-step approach of combining Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 is a subset of m with the component AOT fractions from the Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC)/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed by the first author in a previous publication has been extended to cloud-free land areas for nearly global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing the ADRE computation with calculations from the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model at globally distributed AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed from AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. The promising validation results provide support for extending the two-step approach from global clear-sky oceans to global clear-sky land areas. The global annual mean values of ADRE for clear-sky condition are +0.3 +/- 0.2 W m super(-2) for black carbon, -1.0 +/- 0.6 W m super(-2) for organic carbon; -2.3 +/- 0.7 W m super(-2) for sulphate; -1.6 +/- 0.5 W m super(-2) for dust; -2.2 +/- 0.6 W m super(-2) for sea salt; -2.4 +/- 0.8 W m super(-2) for anthropogenic aerosol; -4.5 +/- 1.2 W m super(-2) for natural aerosol; and -6.8 +/- 1.7 W m super(-2) for total aerosols. For global average cloudy skies, the all-sky values of component ADRE are about 42% of their clear-sky counterparts. The major sources of uncertainty in the estimates are also discussed. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Zhao, Tom X -P AU - Loeb, Norman G AU - Laszlo, Istvan AU - Zhou, Mi AD - National Climatic Data Center, NOAA/NESDIS, Asheville, NC, USA Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Optical properties KW - Organic carbon KW - Atmosphere KW - Dust KW - Sulphates KW - black carbon KW - Radiation KW - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) KW - radiative transfer KW - Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) KW - Marine KW - Aerosols KW - Organic aerosols in atmosphere KW - Ocean circulation KW - Clouds KW - Salts KW - Radiative transfer models KW - Satellite data KW - Optical properties of aerosols KW - Oceans KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Radiative transfer KW - Eolian dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.593:Optical (551.593) KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888103188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Global+component+aerosol+direct+radiative+effect+at+the+top+of+atmosphere&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Tom+X+-P%3BLoeb%2C+Norman+G%3BLaszlo%2C+Istvan%3BZhou%2C+Mi&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Tom+X&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431161.2010.517790 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a934099715~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clouds; Aerosols; Optical properties; Organic carbon; Atmospheric chemistry; Ocean circulation; Radiative transfer; Sulphates; Eolian dust; Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET); Radiative transfer models; Satellite data; Atmospheric pollution models; Optical properties of aerosols; Radiation; Organic aerosols in atmosphere; MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer); Salts; black carbon; Oceans; radiative transfer; Atmosphere; Dust; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.517790 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Ensemble Predictions of 2009's Tropical Cyclones Initialized with an Ensemble Kalman Filter AN - 883045826; 15294961 AB - Verification was performed on ensemble forecasts of 2009 Northern Hemisphere summer tropical cyclones (TCs) from two experimental global numerical weather prediction ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The first model was a high-resolution version (T382L64) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The second model was a 30-km version of the experimental NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory's Flow-following finite-volume Icosahedral Model (FIM). Both models were initialized with the first 20 members of a 60-member ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) using the T382L64 GFS. The GFS-EnKF assimilated the full observational data stream that was normally assimilated into the NCEP operational Global Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation, plus human-synthesized "observations" of tropical cyclone central pressure and position produced at the National Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The forecasts from the two experimental ensembles were compared against four operational EPSs from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NCEP, the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC), and the Met Office (UKMO). The errors of GFS-EnKF ensemble track forecasts were competitive with those from the ECMWF ensemble system, and the overall spread of the ensemble tracks was consistent in magnitude with the track error. Both experimental EPSs had much lower errors than the operational NCEP, UKMO, and CMC EPSs, but the FIM-EnKF tracks were somewhat less accurate than the GFS-EnKF. The ensemble forecasts were often stretched in particular directions, and not necessarily along or across track. The better-performing EPSs provided useful information on potential track error anisotropy. While the GFS-EnKF initialized relatively deep vortices by assimilating the TC central pressure estimate, the model storms filled during the subsequent 24 h. Other forecast models also systematically underestimated TC intensity (e.g., maximum forecast surface wind speed). The higher-resolution models generally had less bias. Analyses were conducted to try to understand whether the additional central pressure observation, the EnKF, or the extra resolution was most responsible for the decrease in track error of the experimental Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS)-EnKF over the operational NCEP. The assimilation of the additional TC observations produced only a small change in deterministic track forecasts initialized with the GSI. The T382L64 GFS-EnKF ensemble was used to initialize a T126L28 ensemble forecast to facilitate a comparison with the operational NCEP system. The T126L28 GFS-EnKF EPS track forecasts were dramatically better than the NCEP operational, suggesting the positive impact of the EnKF, perhaps through improved steering flow. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Hamill, Thomas M AU - Whitaker, Jeffrey S AU - Fiorino, Michael AU - Benjamin, Stanley G AD - NOAA/Earth System Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA, tom.hamill@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 668 EP - 688 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Ensembles KW - Kalman Filters KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Northern Hemisphere KW - Forecast verification KW - Prediction KW - Surface winds KW - Vortexes KW - Streams KW - Data assimilation KW - Storms KW - Wind speed KW - Tropical Cyclones KW - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather KW - Vortices KW - Anisotropy KW - Ensemble forecasting KW - Kalman filter KW - Kalman filters KW - Errors KW - Warning systems KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Model Studies KW - Interpolation KW - Hurricanes KW - Reviews KW - Stream KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883045826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Global+Ensemble+Predictions+of+2009%27s+Tropical+Cyclones+Initialized+with+an+Ensemble+Kalman+Filter&rft.au=Hamill%2C+Thomas+M%3BWhitaker%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BFiorino%2C+Michael%3BBenjamin%2C+Stanley+G&rft.aulast=Hamill&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010MWR3456.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 90 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Hurricanes; Vortices; Anisotropy; Stream; Kalman filters; Warning systems; Weather forecasting; Ecosystem disturbance; Surface winds; Ensemble forecasting; Kalman filter; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; Tropical cyclones; Vortexes; Storms; Data assimilation; Interpolation; Prediction; Kalman Filters; Weather; Tropical Cyclones; Reviews; Errors; Streams; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3456.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Spotlight Offshoring and Import Price Measurement: Selected Research From the Conference on "Measurement Issues Arising From the Growth of Globalization" AN - 881466500; 2011-104635 AB - A summary of selected research from this conference. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Houseman, Susan N AD - Senior economist with the Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 7 EP - 12 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Science and technology policy - Mathematics KW - Social conditions and policy - Associations and meetings KW - Business and service sector - Business organization and administration KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industrial management, production, and productivity KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - International relations - International relations KW - Measurement KW - Conferences KW - Prices KW - Outsourcing KW - Globalization KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881466500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=Research+Spotlight+Offshoring+and+Import+Price+Measurement%3A+Selected+Research+From+the+Conference+on+%22Measurement+Issues+Arising+From+the+Growth+of+Globalization%22&rft.au=Houseman%2C+Susan+N&rft.aulast=Houseman&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Measurement; Conferences; Outsourcing; Prices; Globalization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GDP and the Economy: Advance Estimates for the Fourth Quarter of 2010 AN - 881466489; 2011-104634 AB - Real GDP increased 3.2 percent after increasing 2.6 percent in the third quarter. Imports turned down, consumer spending picked up, and residential investment turned up. In 2010, real GDP increased 2.9 percent after decreasing 2.6 percent in 2009. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - [Unknown] Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Banking and public and private finance - Investments and securities KW - Economic conditions and policy - Consumers and consumption KW - Investments KW - Consumers KW - Economic conditions KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881466489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=GDP+and+the+Economy%3A+Advance+Estimates+for+the+Fourth+Quarter+of+2010&rft.au=%5BUnknown%5D&rft.aulast=%5BUnknown%5D&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economic conditions; Investments; Consumers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING INITIATIVE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AN - 880675330; 14868958 AB - The SMI's mission is to identify U.S. industry's priority sustainability needs, challenges, and opportunities and to develop and coordinate public-private sector efforts that support U.S. industry's sustainability priorities. Ultimately, the SMI team seeks to enhance American competitiveness through the implementation of sustainable business practices that are environmentally sound, cost effective, and value enhancing. The initiative developed this working definition of sustainable manufacturing: "manufacturing processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities and consumers, and are economically sound". JF - International Journal of Powder Metallurgy AU - McElnea, W K AD - International Economist, U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room 2213, Washington, DC 20230, USA, bill.mcelnea@trade.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 12 EP - 16 PB - A P M I International VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0888-7462, 0888-7462 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Manufacturing industry KW - USA KW - Natural resources KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - sustainability KW - competition KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/880675330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Powder+Metallurgy&rft.atitle=SUSTAINABLE+MANUFACTURING+INITIATIVE%3A+U.S.+DEPARTMENT+OF+COMMERCE&rft.au=McElnea%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=McElnea&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Powder+Metallurgy&rft.issn=08887462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Natural resources; Environmental impact; Sustainable development; sustainability; competition; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future Impact of Differential Interbasin Ocean Warming on Atlantic Hurricanes AN - 876228798; 14955912 AB - Global climate model simulations forced by future greenhouse warming project that the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warms at a slower rate than the tropical Indo-Pacific in the twenty-first century, consistent with their projections of a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Here, an atmospheric general circulation model is used to advance a consistent physical rationale that the suppressed warming of the TNA increases the vertical wind shear and static stability aloft in the main development region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes, and thus decreases overall Atlantic hurricane activity in the twenty-first century. A carefully designed suite of model experiments illustrates that the preferential warming of the tropical Indo-Pacific induces a global average warming of the tropical troposphere, via a tropical teleconnection mechanism, and thus increases atmospheric static stability and decreases convection over the suppressed warming region of the TNA. The anomalous diabatic cooling, in turn, forces the formation of a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave northwest of the forcing region, consistent with Gill's simple model of tropical atmospheric circulations, in such a way as to induce a secular increase of the MDR vertical wind shear. However, a further analysis indicates that the net effect of future greenhouse warming on the MDR vertical wind shear is less than the observed multidecadal swing of the MDR vertical wind shear in the twentieth century. Thus, it is likely that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation will still play a decisive role over the greenhouse warming in the fate of Atlantic hurricane activity throughout the twenty-first century under the assumption that the twenty-first-century changes in interbasin SST difference, projected by the global climate model simulations, are accurate. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Lee, Sang-Ki AU - Enfield, David B AU - Wang, Chunzai AD - Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL 33149, USA, sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 1264 EP - 1275 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Convection KW - Vertical stability KW - Convection development KW - I, Indo-Pacific KW - Static stability KW - Teleconnections KW - Wind shear KW - Climate models KW - Thermohaline circulation KW - Simulation KW - Troposphere KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - convection KW - Vertical wind shear KW - Global climate KW - Hurricanes KW - thermohaline circulation KW - Numerical simulations KW - Oceans KW - General circulation models KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Global warming KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.581:Latitudinal Influences (551.581) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876228798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Future+Impact+of+Differential+Interbasin+Ocean+Warming+on+Atlantic+Hurricanes&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sang-Ki%3BEnfield%2C+David+B%3BWang%2C+Chunzai&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sang-Ki&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3883.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Vertical stability; Hurricanes; Wind shear; Atmospheric forcing; Thermohaline circulation; Troposphere; Atmospheric circulation; Teleconnections; Vertical wind shear; Global climate; Climate models; Numerical simulations; General circulation models; Global warming; Convection development; Static stability; thermohaline circulation; Oceans; Simulation; convection; Greenhouse gases; I, Indo-Pacific; AN, North Atlantic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3883.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Seasonal Structure of Temperature Trends in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere AN - 869584947; 14781635 AB - Radiosonde data show a large seasonal difference in trends since 1979 in the tropical lower stratosphere, with a maximum cooling of 1 K decade super(-1) in December and January and a minimum in March or April at 50 mb between 10 degree N and 10 degree S. The statistically significant difference of up to 1 K decade super(-1) between trends in December and those in March amounts to up to 20% of the climatological seasonal cycle. Although the size of annual mean cooling trends differs substantially among datasets, the seasonal pattern of trends is similar in all six radiosonde datasets used here and is consistent with MSU satellite data for the lower stratosphere. This greater cooling in boreal winter essentially disappears below 100 mb, and the troposphere has a different and smaller seasonal trend pattern. Trends in the tropical stratosphere show an inverse relationship with those in the Arctic for 1979-2009, which might be related to changes in stratospheric circulation. In most radiosonde data, however, the seasonal pattern of tropical trends at 50 mb since 1979 seems to come from a seasonal difference in the size of the stratospheric cooling in the mid-1990s, and trends for longer time periods or those for 1995-2009 do not show the same seasonal dependence. Whether the strengthening of the seasonal cycle in the stratosphere represents a long-term change related to greenhouse gas forcing, a shorter-lived shift related to ozone depletion or unforced interdecadal variability requires careful further study. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Free, Melissa AD - NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, melissa.free@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 859 EP - 866 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts KW - Stratosphere KW - Temperature KW - Seasonal cycle KW - Remote Sensing KW - Variability KW - Climate change KW - Statistical analysis KW - Ozone depletion KW - Stratospheric cooling KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Stratospheric circulation KW - Radiosondes KW - Arctic KW - Seasonal variations KW - Ozone KW - Satellite Technology KW - radiosondes KW - Depletion KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Troposphere KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Radiosonde data KW - Polar environments KW - Cooling KW - Satellites KW - PN, Arctic KW - Long-term changes KW - Tropical environment KW - Interdecadal variability KW - Temperature trends KW - Greenhouse gases KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869584947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+Seasonal+Structure+of+Temperature+Trends+in+the+Tropical+Lower+Stratosphere&rft.au=Free%2C+Melissa&rft.aulast=Free&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3841.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Long-term changes; Tropical environment; Climate change; Troposphere; Greenhouse effect; Radiosondes; Seasonal variations; Stratosphere; Ozone; Ozone depletion; Stratospheric cooling; Statistical analysis; Stratospheric circulation; Interdecadal variability; Temperature trends; Radiosonde data; Greenhouse gases; radiosondes; Sulfur dioxide; Climate; Polar environments; Satellites; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Variability; Depletion; Climates; Arctic; Cooling; PN, Arctic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3841.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rewriting the Climatology of the Tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea Atmosphere AN - 869578927; 14781613 AB - The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark reference for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere for over 50 years. However, recent observations and studies have suggested that during the months of the North Atlantic hurricane season, this region of the world is affected by multiple air masses with very distinct thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics. This study examined 6000 rawinsonde observations from the Caribbean Sea region taken during the core months (July-October) of the 1995-2002 hurricane seasons. It was found that single mean soundings created from this new dataset were very similar to C. L. Jordanas 1958 sounding work. However, recently developed multispectral satellite imagery that can track low- to midlevel dry air masses indicated that the 1995-2002 hurricane season dataset (and likely Jordanas dataset as well) was dominated by three distinct air masses: moist tropical (MT), Saharan air layer (SAL), and midlatitude dry air intrusions (MLDAIs). Findings suggest that each sounding is associated with unique thermodynamic, kinematic, stability, and mean sea level pressure characteristics and that none of these soundings is particularly well represented by a single mean sounding such as Jordanas. This work presents three new mean tropical soundings (MT, SAL, and MLDAI) for the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea region and includes information on their temporal variability, thermodynamics, winds, wind shear, stability, total precipitable water, and mean sea level pressure attributes. It is concluded that the new MT, SAL, and MLDAI soundings presented here provide a more robust depiction of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere during the Atlantic hurricane season and should replace the Jordan mean tropical sounding as the new benchmark soundings for this part of the world. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Dunion, Jason P AD - NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA, jason.dunion@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 893 EP - 908 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Sea level KW - Rawinsondes KW - Atmosphere KW - air masses KW - Mean sea level KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Dry air KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Thermodynamics of the atmosphere KW - Climatology KW - Air masses KW - Marine KW - Wind shear KW - Thermodynamics KW - Climate KW - Soundings KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Satellites KW - Sea level pressure KW - Hurricanes KW - benchmarks KW - Oceans KW - Tropical environment KW - Africa, Sahara Desert KW - Oceanographic data KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869578927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Rewriting+the+Climatology+of+the+Tropical+North+Atlantic+and+Caribbean+Sea+Atmosphere&rft.au=Dunion%2C+Jason+P&rft.aulast=Dunion&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3496.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mean sea level; Hurricanes; Wind shear; Thermodynamics; Tropical environment; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climatology; Soundings; Sea level pressure; Air masses; Dry air; Rawinsondes; Thermodynamics of the atmosphere; Seasonal variability; Oceanographic data; Sea level; benchmarks; Oceans; Climate; Satellites; Atmosphere; air masses; ASW, Caribbean Sea; Africa, Sahara Desert; AN, North Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3496.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attributing Tropical Cyclogenesis to Equatorial Waves in the Western North Pacific AN - 864963047; 14506255 AB - Tropical cyclogenesis is attributed to an equatorial wave when the filtered rainfall anomaly exceeds a threshold value at the genesis location. It is argued that 0 mm day super(-1) (simply requiring a positive anomaly) is too small a threshold because unrelated noise can produce a positive anomaly. A threshold of 6 mm day super(-1) is too large because two-thirds of storms would have no precursor disturbance. Between these extremes, consistent results are found for a range of thresholds from 2 to 4 mm day super(-1). Roughly twice as many tropical cyclones are attributed to tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances as to equatorial Rossby waves, mixed Rossby-gravity waves, or Kelvin waves. The influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is even smaller. The use of variables such as vorticity and vertical wind shear in other studies gives a larger contribution for the MJO. It is suggested that its direct influence on the rainfall in forming tropical cyclones is less than for other variables. The impacts of tropical cyclone-related precipitation anomalies are also presented. Tropical cyclones can contribute more than 20% of the warm-season rainfall and 50% of its total variance. The influence of tropical cyclones on the equatorial wave spectrum is generally small. The exception occurs in shorter-wavelength westward-propagating waves, for which tropical cyclones represent up to 27% of the variance. Tropical cyclones also significantly contaminate wave-filtered rainfall anomalies in their immediate vicinity. To mitigate this effect, the tropical cyclone-related anomalies were removed before filtering in this study. JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Schreck, Carl J, III AU - Molinari, John AU - Mohr, Karen I AD - Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina State University, and the National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC 28801, USA, carl.schreck@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 195 EP - 209 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4928, 0022-4928 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Cyclogenesis KW - Madden-Julian oscillation KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Waves KW - atmospheric KW - Rossby waves KW - Atmospheric sciences KW - Rainfall KW - Acoustic waves KW - Storms KW - Equatorial waves KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Tropical Cyclones KW - Precipitation anomalies KW - Noise pollution KW - Wind KW - Shear KW - Wind shear KW - Precipitation KW - Tropical cyclogenesis KW - Tropical depressions KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Hurricanes KW - Tropical environment KW - Noise KW - Kelvin waves KW - Rainfall anomalies KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - M2 551.578.1:Liquid (551.578.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864963047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.atitle=Attributing+Tropical+Cyclogenesis+to+Equatorial+Waves+in+the+Western+North+Pacific&rft.au=Schreck%2C+Carl+J%2C+III%3BMolinari%2C+John%3BMohr%2C+Karen+I&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.issn=00224928&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAS3396.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Wind shear; Atmospheric sciences; Cyclogenesis; Tropical environment; Tropical depressions; Kelvin waves; Ecosystem disturbance; Equatorial waves; Rossby waves; Precipitation anomalies; Acoustic waves; Noise pollution; Tropical cyclogenesis; Tropical cyclones; Storms; Rainfall anomalies; Shear; Tropical Cyclones; Rainfall; Noise; Waves; Precipitation; Wind; IN, North Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3396.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land-Atmosphere Coupling Strength in the Global Forecast System AN - 864962241; 14506274 AB - The operational coupled land-atmosphere forecast model from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is evaluated for the strength and characteristics of its coupling in the water cycle between land and atmosphere. Following the protocols of the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) it is found that the Global Forecast System (GFS) atmospheric model coupled to the Noah land surface model exhibits extraordinarily weak land-atmosphere coupling, much as its predecessor, the GFS-Oregon State University (OSU) coupled system. The coupling strength is evaluated by the ability of subsurface soil wetness to affect locally the time series of precipitation. The surface fluxes in Noah are also found to be rather insensitive to subsurface soil wetness. Comparison to another atmospheric model coupled to Noah as well as a different land surface model show that Noah is responsible for some of the lack of sensitivity, primarily because its thick (10 cm) surface layer dominates the variability in surface latent heat fluxes. Noah is found to be as responsive as other land surface models to surface soil wetness and temperature variations, suggesting the design of the GLACE sensitivity experiment (based only on subsurface soil wetness) handicapped the Noah model. Additional experiments, in which the parameterization of evapotranspiration is altered, as well as experiments where surface soil wetness is also constrained, isolate the GFS atmospheric model as the principal source of the weak sensitivity of precipitation to land surface states. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Zhang, Li AU - Dirmeyer, Paul A AU - Wei, Jiangfeng AU - Guo, Zhichang AU - Lu, Cheng-Hsuan AD - NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland, and Wyle Information Systems, McLean, Virginia, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd., Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705-3106, USA, dirmeyer@cola.iges.org Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 147 EP - 156 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Variability KW - Surface layers KW - Time series analysis KW - Latent heat KW - Latent Heat KW - Atmospheric models KW - Hydrologic Cycle KW - Surface fluxes KW - Heat flux KW - Temperature KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Precipitation KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Model Studies KW - Hydrometeorology KW - Strength KW - Water cycle KW - Land-atmosphere interaction KW - Temperature variations KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Land-Atmosphere+Coupling+Strength+in+the+Global+Forecast+System&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Li%3BDirmeyer%2C+Paul+A%3BWei%2C+Jiangfeng%3BGuo%2C+Zhichang%3BLu%2C+Cheng-Hsuan&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Li&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JHM1319.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evapotranspiration; Surface layers; Hydrologic cycle; Heat flux; Water cycle; Surface fluxes; Precipitation; Time series analysis; Land-atmosphere interaction; Latent heat; Temperature variations; Atmospheric models; Hydrometeorology; Prediction; Hydrologic Cycle; Variability; Strength; Temperature; Latent Heat; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1319.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily Precipitation Statistics for South America: An Intercomparison between NCEP Reanalyses and Observations AN - 864962239; 14506272 AB - In this study, the authors document the extent to which the precipitation statistics of the new CFS reanalysis (CFSR) represent an improvement over the earlier reanalyses: the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (R1) and the NCEP-DOE Second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (R2). An intercomparison between the CFSR, R1, R2, and observations over South America was made for the period 1979-2006. The CFSR shows notable improvements in the large-scale precipitation patterns compared with the previous reanalyses (R1 and R2). In spite of these improvements, the CFSR has substantial biases in intensity and frequency of occurrence of rainfall events. Over west-central Brazil, the core region of the South American monsoon system (SAMS), the CFSR displays a dry bias during the onset phase of the SAMS wet season and a wet bias during the peak and decay phases of the SAMS wet season. The CFSR also displays a dry bias along the South American coast near the mouth of the Amazon and along the east coast of northeastern Brazil. A wet bias exists in all seasons over southeast Brazil and over the Andes Mountains. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - S Silva, Viviane B AU - Kousky, Vernon E AU - Higgins, RWayne AD - NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA, Viviane.Silva@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 101 EP - 117 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Rainfall KW - ASW, Brazil, Amazon Estuary KW - Statistical analysis KW - South America, Andes Mts. KW - Data reanalysis KW - Wet season KW - Storms KW - Atmospheric models KW - Mountains KW - Rainy season KW - Cores KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - ASW, Brazil KW - Seasonal variability KW - Precipitation statistics KW - Coasts KW - Marine KW - Precipitation KW - Model Studies KW - Hydrometeorology KW - Hydrometeorological research KW - Precipitation patterns KW - Monsoons KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.579.1:Water supply from precipitation (551.579.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Daily+Precipitation+Statistics+for+South+America%3A+An+Intercomparison+between+NCEP+Reanalyses+and+Observations&rft.au=S+Silva%2C+Viviane+B%3BKousky%2C+Vernon+E%3BHiggins%2C+RWayne&rft.aulast=S+Silva&rft.aufirst=Viviane&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JHM1303.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainy season; Ocean-atmosphere system; Storms; Monsoons; Hydrometeorological research; Statistical analysis; Seasonal variability; Precipitation patterns; Wet season; Data reanalysis; Precipitation statistics; Atmospheric models; Mountains; Hydrometeorology; Statistics; Cores; Rainfall; Precipitation; Model Studies; Coasts; ASW, Brazil, Amazon Estuary; ASW, Brazil; South America, Andes Mts.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1303.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A wavelet-based approach to assessing timing errors in hydrologic predictions AN - 864947216; 2011-038437 AB - Streamflow predictions typically contain errors in both the timing and the magnitude of peak flows. These two types of error often originate from different sources (e.g. rainfall-runoff modeling vs. routing) and hence may have different implications and ramifications for both model diagnosis and decision support. Thus, where possible and relevant, they should be distinguished and separated in model evaluation and forecast verification applications. Distinct information on timing errors in hydrologic prediction could lead to more targeted model improvements in a diagnostic evaluation context, as well as better-informed decisions in many practical applications, such as flood prediction, water supply forecasting, river regulation, navigation, and engineering design. However, information on timing errors in hydrologic predictions is rarely evaluated or provided. In this paper, we discuss the importance of assessing and quantifying timing error in hydrologic predictions and present a new approach, which is based on the cross wavelet transform (XWT) technique. The XWT technique transforms the time series of predictions and corresponding observations into a two-dimensional time-scale space and provides information on scale- and time-dependent timing differences between the two time series. The results for synthetic timing errors (both constant and time-varying) indicate that the XWT-based approach can estimate timing errors in streamflow predictions with reasonable reliability. The approach is then employed to analyze the timing errors in real streamflow simulations for a number of headwater basins in the US state of Texas. The resulting timing error estimates were consistent with the physiographic and climatic characteristics of these basins. A simple post-factum timing adjustment based on these estimates led to considerably improved agreement between streamflow observations and simulations, further illustrating the potential for using the XWT-based approach for timing error estimation. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Liu, Yuqiong AU - Brown, James AU - Demargne, Julie AU - Seo, Dong-Jun Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 210 EP - 224 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 397 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - experimental studies KW - rainfall KW - prediction KW - Texas KW - transportation KW - West Gulf River KW - rivers KW - simulation KW - models KW - errors KW - wavelets KW - navigation KW - runoff KW - mathematical methods KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - Harrison County Texas KW - water resources KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864947216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=A+wavelet-based+approach+to+assessing+timing+errors+in+hydrologic+predictions&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yuqiong%3BBrown%2C+James%3BDemargne%2C+Julie%3BSeo%2C+Dong-Jun&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yuqiong&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2010.11.040 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 68 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - errors; experimental studies; floods; fluvial features; Harrison County Texas; hydrology; mathematical methods; models; navigation; prediction; rainfall; rivers; runoff; simulation; Texas; transportation; United States; water resources; water supply; wavelets; West Gulf River DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.040 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combinatorial screening of osteoblast response to 3D calcium phosphate/poly(I mu -caprolactone) scaffolds using gradients and arrays AN - 861535044; 14198620 AB - There is a need for combinatorial and high-throughput methods for screening cell-biomaterial interactions to maximize tissue generation in scaffolds. Current methods employ a flat two-dimensional (2D) format even though three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are more representative of the tissue environment in vivo and cells are responsive to topographical differences of 2D substrates and 3D scaffolds. Thus, combinatorial libraries of 3D porous scaffolds were developed and used to screen the effect of nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (nACP) particles on osteoblast response. Increasing nACP content in poly(I mu -caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds promoted osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. The nACP-containing scaffolds released calcium and phosphate ions which are known to activate osteoblast function. Scaffold libraries were fabricated in two formats, gradients and arrays, and the magnitude of the effect of nACP on osteoblast proliferation was greater for arrays than gradients. The enhanced response in arrays can be explained by differences in cell culture designs, diffusional effects and differences in the ratio of "scaffold mass to culture medium". These results introduce a gradient library approach for screening large pore 3D scaffolds and demonstrate that inclusion of the nACP particles enhances osteoblast proliferation in 3D scaffolds. Further, comparison of gradients and arrays suggests that gradients were more sensitive for detecting effects of scaffold composition on cell adhesion (short time points, 1 day) whereas arrays were more sensitive at detecting effects on cell proliferation (longer time points, 14 day). JF - Biomaterials AU - Chatterjee, Kaushik AU - Sun, Limin AU - Chow, Laurence C AU - Young, Marian F AU - Simon, Carl G AD - Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, carl.simon@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 1361 EP - 1369 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - 3D scaffolds KW - Calcium phosphate KW - Combinatorial screening KW - Nanoparticles KW - Osteoblast KW - Tissue engineering KW - Osteoblasts KW - Ions KW - Pores KW - Phosphate KW - Cell culture KW - Cell proliferation KW - scaffolds KW - Combinatorial libraries KW - Cell adhesion KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861535044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Combinatorial+screening+of+osteoblast+response+to+3D+calcium+phosphate%2Fpoly%28I+mu+-caprolactone%29+scaffolds+using+gradients+and+arrays&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C+Kaushik%3BSun%2C+Limin%3BChow%2C+Laurence+C%3BYoung%2C+Marian+F%3BSimon%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Kaushik&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2010.10.043 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Osteoblasts; Pores; Phosphate; Cell culture; Cell proliferation; Combinatorial libraries; Calcium phosphate; scaffolds; Cell adhesion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An enhanced and automated approach for deriving a priori SAC-SMA parameters from the soil survey geographic database AN - 860379514; 14363616 AB - This paper presents an automated approach for processing the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and deriving gridded a priori parameters for the National Weather Service (NWS) Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model from these data sets. Our approach considerably extends methods previously used in the NWS and offers automated and geographically invariant ways of extracting soil information, interpreting soil texture, and spatially aggregating SAC-SMA parameters. The methodology is composed of four components. The first and second components are SSURGO and NLCD preprocessors. The third component is a parameter generator producing SAC-SMA parameters for each soil survey area on an approximately 30-m grid mesh. The last component is a postprocessor creating parameters for user-specified areas of interest on the Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project (HRAP) grid. Implemented in open-source software, this approach was employed by creating a set of SAC-SMA parameter and related soil property grids spanning 25 states, wherein it was shown to greatly reduce the derivation time and meanwhile yield results comparable to those based on the State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO). The broad applicability of the methodologies and associated intermediate products to hydrologic modeling is discussed. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Zhang, Yu AU - Zhang, Ziya AU - Reed, Seann AU - Koren, Victor AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Office of Hydrologic Development, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 219 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydrology KW - Model KW - Parameter KW - SSURGO KW - SAC-SMA KW - NLCD KW - Soil Texture KW - Rainfall KW - Automation KW - accounting KW - Soil KW - Computer programs KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Soil Surveys KW - Soil Properties KW - Weather KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Computers KW - Accounting KW - Databases KW - soil texture KW - Soil mechanics KW - soil surveys KW - Soil moisture KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860379514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=An+enhanced+and+automated+approach+for+deriving+a+priori+SAC-SMA+parameters+from+the+soil+survey+geographic+database&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yu%3BZhang%2C+Ziya%3BReed%2C+Seann%3BKoren%2C+Victor&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.05.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil mechanics; Soil; Weather; Computer programs; soil texture; Rainfall; soil surveys; accounting; Soil moisture; Databases; Hydrologic Models; Soil Texture; Computers; Soil Surveys; Automation; Soil Properties; Accounting; USA, California, Sacramento DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.05.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catching the prey: Sampling juvenile fish and invertebrate prey fields of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon during their early marine residence AN - 860378271; 14365026 AB - Marine diets of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the northern California Current are made up primarily of micronekton prey including juvenile fish, adult euphausiids, and large crab megalopae. However, these animals are seldom caught in the conventional plankton gears used to define juvenile salmon prey fields in ocean salmon programs. Four types of sampling gears with various mouth openings and configurations were examined for the ability to catch known juvenile salmon prey. Samples were examined for differences in species composition, relative biomass, length distribution, and taxonomic overlap with prey in the diets of salmon sampled concurrently. The herring, Marinovich, and Methot trawl nets generally caught juvenile prey fish such as hexagrammids, rockfish, cottids, and osmerids. These prey were in the 15-95mm fork-length range, consistent with the type and size eaten by juvenile salmon. The bongo net sampled smaller invertebrate prey, which are rarely eaten by juvenile salmon, but instead are common prey of the juvenile fish that salmon consume. Overlap between prey fields and salmon diets was moderate for samples from the larger gear types but low for those from bongo nets towed in the same area. The fact that no gear matched exactly with coho and Chinook salmon diets was related to differences in catchability of the prey in different gears but may also in part be probably due to the high mobility of juvenile salmon, which enables these fish to consume food in locations distant from where they are sampled, and also to selectively feed in areas of high prey concentration. Based on our analysis, we recommend the use of micronekton gears with larger mouth openings and mesh sizes for better filtration rather than standard plankton gears (i.e., bongo nets) for direct estimates of available prey resources for juvenile coho or Chinook salmon. Sampling the abundance, size, and distribution of prey fields for juvenile salmon during their first summer in the ocean, a period of high natural mortality, may help us to better understand the mechanisms of bottom-up forcing on interannual changes in salmon mortality. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Brodeur, Richard D AU - Daly, Elizabeth A AU - Benkwitt, Cassandra E AU - Morgan, Cheryl A AU - Emmett, Robert L AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA, rick.brodeur@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 65 EP - 73 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 1 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food organisms KW - Mobility KW - Food KW - Anadromous species KW - Abundance KW - Fishing gear KW - Food availability KW - Invertebrates KW - INE, Pacific, California Current KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Marine fish KW - Catchability KW - Invertebrata KW - Species composition KW - Sampling KW - Mouth KW - Prey KW - Salmon KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Plankton surveys KW - Juveniles KW - Decapoda KW - Biomass KW - Nets KW - Nekton KW - Filtration KW - Oceans KW - Fish KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Plankton KW - Q4 27740:Products KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860378271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Catching+the+prey%3A+Sampling+juvenile+fish+and+invertebrate+prey+fields+of+juvenile+coho+and+Chinook+salmon+during+their+early+marine+residence&rft.au=Brodeur%2C+Richard+D%3BDaly%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BBenkwitt%2C+Cassandra+E%3BMorgan%2C+Cheryl+A%3BEmmett%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Brodeur&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.11.023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nekton; Marine fish; Catchability; Juveniles; Plankton surveys; Food organisms; Anadromous species; Fishing gear; Food availability; Diets; Mortality; Mobility; Food; Abundance; Biomass; Nets; Filtration; Oceans; Species composition; Sampling; Mouth; Prey; Plankton; Salmon; Fish; Invertebrates; Decapoda; Invertebrata; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Oncorhynchus kisutch; INE, Pacific, California Current; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a codend mesh size increase on size selectivity and catch rates in a small-mesh bottom trawl fishery for longfin inshore squid, Loligo pealeii AN - 860375948; 14365028 AB - Loligo pealeii (longfin inshore squid) co-occurs with Atlantic butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) throughout the year and discarding in the L. pealeii bottom trawl fishery is the primary source of fishing mortality on the butterfish stock. Consequently, a codend mesh size increase in the Loligo fishery has been proposed as a management measure to minimize discarding of butterfish and other bycatch species. A paired-tow study was conducted using a Loligo twin trawl to assess the effects of a codend mesh size increase, from 50mm to 65mm (inside stretched mesh), on catch rates and size selection of the target and bycatch species. Relative mesh selection factors estimated from a SELECT model were: 1.7, 1.5, 2.2, and 3.0 for L. pealeii; P. triacanthus; Illex illecebrosus (Northern shortfin squid); and Merluccius bilinearis (silver hake), respectively. Catches of butterfish and silver hake in the 65mm codend were reduced by 58% and 41% in terms of numbers, respectively. However, a larger mesh size would be necessary to allow 50% escapement of the median sizes of mature silver hake and butterfish. A trade-off associated with the bycatch reductions is a 29% loss in the catch weight of the target species. However, the reduction in ex-vessel value of Loligo catch is probably not proportional to the percent loss in Loligo catch because most of the loss consisted of squid from the smallest market size categories which have the least value and are primarily discarded. In addition, a greater percentage of large, more valuable squid was caught in the 65mm codend. The September study results likely represent a worst-case scenario with respect to Loligo catch loss because the monthly mean body size of Loligo tends to be smallest during September. Most catches of the three bycatch species evaluated herein and Loligo smaller than 10cm are discarded, most likely dead, in the Loligo fishery. Therefore, a codend mesh size increase to 65mm should provide some conservation benefits to these stocks if a portion survive escapement. On a fleet-wide basis, the magnitude of bycatch reductions and Loligo catch loss will vary depending on seasonal changes in mean body size, vessel-specific gear characteristics and fishing practices. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Hendrickson, Lisa C AD - U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States, Lisa.Hendrickson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 42 EP - 51 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 1 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Codend mesh selectivity KW - Loligo pealeii KW - Illex illecebrosus KW - Peprilus triacanthus KW - Merluccius bilinearis KW - Bycatch reduction KW - Cephalopod fisheries KW - Fishing gear KW - Man-induced effects KW - body size KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Fishing KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Body size KW - Gear selectivity KW - Fishing mortality KW - Seasonal variations KW - Size KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - catches KW - Escapement KW - A, Atlantic KW - Environmental protection KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - By catch KW - Twins KW - Bottom trawls KW - Loligo KW - Conservation KW - Stocks KW - Triacanthus KW - fishing KW - Codends KW - Silver KW - Mortality causes KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08564:Instruments, tools, equipment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860375948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+codend+mesh+size+increase+on+size+selectivity+and+catch+rates+in+a+small-mesh+bottom+trawl+fishery+for+longfin+inshore+squid%2C+Loligo+pealeii&rft.au=Hendrickson%2C+Lisa+C&rft.aulast=Hendrickson&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.11.019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cephalopod fisheries; Fishing gear; Man-induced effects; Escapement; Ecosystem disturbance; Environmental protection; Marine fish; By catch; Fishery management; Bottom trawls; Gear selectivity; Body size; Stocks; Fishing mortality; Codends; Seasonal variations; Mortality causes; Size; Mortality; Fishing; Twins; Fisheries; Conservation; Silver; Models; catches; Sulfur dioxide; body size; fishing; Merluccius bilinearis; Illex illecebrosus; Peprilus triacanthus; Loligo pealeii; Loligo; Triacanthus; A, Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Impact of Changes in Production Strategies in Tropical Mexico AN - 860374823; 14327441 AB - This paper examines how traditional multicropping milpa systems have been abandoned in a locality in southeast Veracruz. In a relatively short period of time, the economic and social fabric that allowed the people of Soteapan to maintain these production strategies was seriously disrupted. In addition, economic forces undermined the capacity of the time-honored milpa production systems to provide food security and improve household livelihoods. Trade liberalization intensified price reductions of the most important crops while support for agriculture through public policies was curtailed. A direct consequence is the weakening and abandonment of milpa systems with important negative environmental effects. Because agro-biodiversity is a critical component of sustainable agriculture, new policies are needed to recover the capacity to guarantee food security and to continue to provide important environmental services. JF - Journal of Sustainable Agriculture AU - Nadal, Alejandro AU - Rano, Hugo Garcia AD - Center for Economic Studies, El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 180 EP - 207 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1044-0046, 1044-0046 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - public policy KW - Food security KW - food security KW - Crops KW - households KW - Economics KW - Sustainable agriculture KW - Mexico, Veracruz KW - Trade liberalization KW - sustainable agriculture KW - agriculture KW - Environmental impact KW - Mexico KW - Households KW - trade liberalization KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860374823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Environmental+Impact+of+Changes+in+Production+Strategies+in+Tropical+Mexico&rft.au=Nadal%2C+Alejandro%3BRano%2C+Hugo+Garcia&rft.aulast=Nadal&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.issn=10440046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10440046.2011.539132 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Trade liberalization; sustainable agriculture; public policy; Environmental impact; agriculture; Food security; food security; Crops; households; trade liberalization; Households; Economics; Sustainable agriculture; Mexico, Veracruz; Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.539132 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantifying vitellogenin in Pacific salmon and assessment of field exposure to environmental estrogens AN - 858424205; 14430331 AB - A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to quantitate vitellogenin (VTG) in plasma and serum of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon. The working range of the assay was 9 to 313 ng/ml (80-20% binding), with 50% binding at 54 ng/ml. The intra-assay and interassay variations at approximately 50% binding were 8.1% (n = 9) and 9.0% (n = 9), respectively. Dilution curves of plasma or serum from coho and chinook females and estrogen-treated males were parallel to the purified coho VTG standard curve. Male plasma samples could be assayed at a minimum dilution of 1:40 (chinook) or 1:75 (coho) without assay interference because of high sample concentration, whereas minimum acceptable dilutions of male serum samples were 1:200 (chinook) or 1:600 (coho). Identification of proper techniques for preserving VTG integrity in plasma and serum samples showed that VTG from both species was robust; both sample types required no protease inhibitor despite subjection to two freeze-thaw cycles. To test its applicability, this assay was used to measure VTG in out-migrating juvenile chinook that were collected from urban and nonurban areas in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Results showed a small but significant plasma VTG elevation at two urban sites, suggesting that these juveniles may be exposed to environmental estrogens at an early life stage. Also, wild fish tended to have higher plasma VTG levels than hatchery fish collected in the field. Elevation of mean VTG levels was similar to that previously reported in male English sole from the same area, where both males and females exhibited alterations in timing of spawning. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Peck, Karen A AU - Lomax, Daniel P AU - Olson, OPaul AU - Sol, Sean Y AU - Swanson, Penny AU - Johnson, Lyndal L AD - Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, karen.a.peck@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 01 SP - 477 EP - 486 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 1552-8618, 1552-8618 KW - Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Vitellogenin KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Salmon KW - Endocrine disruptors KW - Puget Sound KW - Anadromous species KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - spawning KW - Sex hormones KW - Sound KW - Inhibitors KW - Toxicology KW - Urban areas KW - proteinase inhibitors KW - Estrogens KW - Proteinase inhibitors KW - Geochemistry KW - Developmental stages KW - Spawning KW - Hatcheries KW - Serum KW - salmon KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - Fish KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Immunoassays KW - estrogens KW - Freeze-thawing KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q3 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment KW - X 24300:Methods KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858424205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+quantifying+vitellogenin+in+Pacific+salmon+and+assessment+of+field+exposure+to+environmental+estrogens&rft.au=Peck%2C+Karen+A%3BLomax%2C+Daniel+P%3BOlson%2C+OPaul%3BSol%2C+Sean+Y%3BSwanson%2C+Penny%3BJohnson%2C+Lyndal+L&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=15528618&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fetc.390 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serum; Anadromous species; Geochemistry; Inhibitors; Toxicology; Sex hormones; Hatcheries; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Estrogens; Vitellogenin; Proteinase inhibitors; Sound; Developmental stages; Spawning; Freeze-thawing; proteinase inhibitors; salmon; Fish; spawning; Immunoassays; Urban areas; estrogens; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Oncorhynchus kisutch; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.390 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of seasonal predictability in coupled model forecasts AN - 856788565; 14326288 AB - In the recent decade, operational seasonal prediction systems based on initialized coupled models have been developed. An analysis of how the predictability of seasonal means in the initialized coupled predictions evolves with lead-time is presented. Because of the short lead-time, such an analysis for the temporal behavior of seasonal predictability involves a mix of both the predictability of the first and the second kind. The analysis focuses on the lead-time dependence of ensemble mean variance, and the forecast spread. Further, the analysis is for a fixed target season of December-January-February, and is for sea surface temperature, rainfall, and 200-mb height. The analysis is based on a large set of hindcasts from an initialized coupled seasonal prediction system. Various aspects of predictability of the first and the second kind are highlighted for variables with long (for example, SST), and fast (for example, atmospheric) adjustment time scale. An additional focus of the analysis is how the predictability in the initialized coupled seasonal predictions compares with estimates based on the AMIP simulations. The results indicate that differences in the set up of AMIP simulations and coupled predictions, for example, representation of air-sea interactions, and evolution of forecast spread from initial conditions do not change fundamental conclusion about the seasonal predictability. A discussion of the analysis presented herein, and its implications for the use of AMIP simulations for climate attribution, and for time-slice experiments to provide regional information, is also included. JF - Climate Dynamics AU - Peng, P AU - Kumar, A AU - Wang, W AD - Climate Prediction Center, NOAA, Washington, DC, USA, arun.kumar@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 637 EP - 648 PB - Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3 Berlin 14197 Germany VL - 36 IS - 3-4 SN - 0930-7575, 0930-7575 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Marine KW - Climate models KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Rainfall KW - Climates KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Model Studies KW - Air-sea interaction KW - Atmosphere-ocean coupled models KW - Behavior KW - Predictability KW - Numerical simulations KW - Seasonal variability KW - Initial conditions KW - Sea surface temperature forecasting KW - Evolution KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - O 2050:Chemical Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856788565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Dynamics&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+seasonal+predictability+in+coupled+model+forecasts&rft.au=Peng%2C+P%3BKumar%2C+A%3BWang%2C+W&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climate+Dynamics&rft.issn=09307575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00382-009-0711-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air-sea interaction; Simulation; Modelling; Climate models; Atmosphere-ocean coupled models; Numerical simulations; Predictability; Seasonal variability; Initial conditions; Sea surface temperature forecasting; Prediction; Behavior; Simulation Analysis; Rainfall; Climates; Temperature; Evolution; Model Studies; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0711-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of a distinctive morphotype of killer whale (Orcinus orca), type D, from subantarctic waters AN - 856787911; 14326529 AB - Studies have shown that killer whale (Orcinus orca) communities in high latitudes regularly comprise assemblages of sympatric 'ecotypes'--forms that differ in morphology, behavior, and prey preferences. Although they can appear superficially similar, recent genetic evidence suggests that breeding is assortative among ecotypes within individual communities, and species-level divergences are inferred in some cases. Here, we provide information on a recently recognized 'type D' killer whale based on photographs of a 1955 mass stranding in New Zealand and our own six at-sea sightings since 2004. It is the most distinctive-looking form of killer whale that we know of, immediately recognizable by its extremely small white eye patch. Its geographic range appears to be circumglobal in subantarctic waters between latitudes 40 degree S and 60 degree S. School sizes are relatively large (mean 17.6; range 9-35; n=7), and although nothing is known about the type D diet, it is suspected to include fish because groups have been photographed around longline vessels where they reportedly depredate Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides). JF - Polar Biology AU - Pitman, Robert L AU - Durban, John W AU - Greenfelder, Michael AU - Guinet, Christophe AU - Jorgensen, Morton AU - Olson, Paula A AU - Plana, Jordi AU - Tixier, Paul AU - Towers, Jared R AD - Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA, robert.pitman@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 303 EP - 306 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0722-4060, 0722-4060 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Food organisms KW - Fishing vessels KW - Eye KW - Sympatric populations KW - Longlining KW - Stranding KW - Orcinus orca KW - Breeding KW - Ecotypes KW - Marine mammals KW - Photographs KW - Body size KW - Dissostichus eleginoides KW - Cetacea KW - New Zealand KW - Prey KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08373:Taxonomy and morphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856787911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polar+Biology&rft.atitle=Observations+of+a+distinctive+morphotype+of+killer+whale+%28Orcinus+orca%29%2C+type+D%2C+from+subantarctic+waters&rft.au=Pitman%2C+Robert+L%3BDurban%2C+John+W%3BGreenfelder%2C+Michael%3BGuinet%2C+Christophe%3BJorgensen%2C+Morton%3BOlson%2C+Paula+A%3BPlana%2C+Jordi%3BTixier%2C+Paul%3BTowers%2C+Jared+R&rft.aulast=Pitman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polar+Biology&rft.issn=07224060&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00300-010-0871-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Food organisms; Fishing vessels; Ecotypes; Marine mammals; Photographs; Longlining; Body size; Stranding; Diets; Eye; Breeding; Sympatric populations; Prey; Orcinus orca; Dissostichus eleginoides; Cetacea; New Zealand; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0871-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In-situ characterization of self-assembled monolayers of water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) compounds AN - 855690698; 14042264 AB - In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was utilized to examine the formation of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) [OEO] disulfide [S(CH2CH2O)6CH3]2 {[S(EO)6]2} and two analogous thiols - HS(CH2CH2O)6CH3 {(EO)6} and HS(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)5CH3 {C3(EO)5} - on Au from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data for all compounds follow simple Langmuirian models with the disulfide reaching a self-limiting final state (d =1.2nm) more rapidly than the full coverage final states of the thiol analogs (d =2.0nm). The in-situ ellipsometric thicknesses of all compounds were found to be nearly identical to earlier ex-situ ellipsometric measurements suggesting similar surface coverages and structural models in air and under water. Exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA) shows the self-limiting (d =1.2nm) [S(EO)6]2 SAMs to be the most highly protein resistant surfaces relative to bare Au and completely-formed SAMs of the two analogous thiols and octadecanethiol (ODT). When challenged with up to near physiological levels of BSA (2.5mg/mL), protein adsorption on the final state [S(EO)6]2 SAM was only 3% of that which adsorbed to the bare Au and ODT SAMs. JF - Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces AU - Walker, Marlon L AU - Vanderah, David J AU - Rubinson, Kenneth A AD - Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, david.vanderah@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 01 SP - 450 EP - 455 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0927-7765, 0927-7765 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry KW - Self-assembled monolayers KW - Oligo(ethylene oxide)s KW - Protein adsorption KW - Data processing KW - Bovine serum albumin KW - Colloids KW - Kinetics KW - Thiols KW - Adsorption KW - oxides KW - Models KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855690698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colloids+and+Surfaces+B%3A+Biointerfaces&rft.atitle=In-situ+characterization+of+self-assembled+monolayers+of+water-soluble+oligo%28ethylene+oxide%29+compounds&rft.au=Walker%2C+Marlon+L%3BVanderah%2C+David+J%3BRubinson%2C+Kenneth+A&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Marlon&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colloids+and+Surfaces+B%3A+Biointerfaces&rft.issn=09277765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2010.09.029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Colloids; Bovine serum albumin; Kinetics; Thiols; Adsorption; oxides; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of polyethyleneimine graftings of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on their accumulation and elimination by and toxicity to Daphnia magna. AN - 848687156; 21182278 AB - Modifications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for different applications may change their physicochemical properties such as surface charge. Assessments of the extent to which such modifications influence CNT ecotoxicity, accumulation, and elimination behaviors are needed to understand potential environmental risks these variously modified nanoparticles may pose. We have modified carbon-14 labeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface coatings to increase their aqueous stability and to give them positive, negative, or neutral surface charges. Uptake and elimination behaviors of Daphnia magna exposed to PEI-coated and acid-modified MWNTs at concentrations of approximately 25 and 250 μg/L were quantified. PEI surface coatings did not appear to substantially impact nanotube accumulation or elimination rates. Although the PEI-modified nanotubes exhibited enhanced stability in aqueous solutions, they appeared to aggregate in the guts of D. magna in a manner similar to acid-treated nanotubes. The MWNTs were almost entirely eliminated by Daphnia fed algae during a 48 h elimination experiment, whereas elimination without feeding was typically minimal. Finally, PEI coatings increased MWNT toxicities, though this trend corresponded to the size of the PEI coatings, not their surface charges. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Petersen, Elijah J AU - Pinto, Roger A AU - Mai, Danielle J AU - Landrum, Peter F AU - Weber, Walter J AD - Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States. Elijah.Petersen@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 01 SP - 1133 EP - 1138 VL - 45 IS - 3 KW - Nanotubes, Carbon KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Polyethyleneimine KW - 9002-98-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Models, Biological KW - Surface Properties KW - Polyethyleneimine -- toxicity KW - Daphnia -- metabolism KW - Polyethyleneimine -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- chemistry KW - Daphnia -- drug effects KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Polyethyleneimine -- chemistry KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/848687156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+polyethyleneimine+graftings+of+multi-walled+carbon+nanotubes+on+their+accumulation+and+elimination+by+and+toxicity+to+Daphnia+magna.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+Elijah+J%3BPinto%2C+Roger+A%3BMai%2C+Danielle+J%3BLandrum%2C+Peter+F%3BWeber%2C+Walter+J&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Elijah&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=1520-5851&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes1030239 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2011-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es1030239 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How Does Rain Affect Surface Pressure in a One-Dimensional Framework? AN - 1777145191; 14506261 AB - The process of hydrostatic adjustment in a vertical column is discussed in the context of rain formation and sedimentation. The authors assume an event of instantaneous condensation in a midatmospheric layer that removes mass from the gas phase and produces latent heating. It is shown that the rain formation leads to a change of the surface pressure after a short period of acoustic wave activity. There is, however, no hydrostatic surface effect once the particles reach terminal velocity. It is not until the rain reaches the ground that the surface pressure decreases consistently with the mass removed by the phase change. Only the mass removal introduces perturbations below the layer of rain formation, where it acts to stretch the lower levels, reducing pressure and temperature. Above the layer of rain formation, the effects of latent heating dominate over the effects of mass removal by an order of magnitude. The hydrostatic adjustment time is found to be approximately equal to e super(2)N sub(a) super( -1) (340 s, where N sub(a) is the acoustic cutoff frequency and e is the Euler constant) and is proportional to the temperature of the isothermal basic state. The energy distribution is found to be dominated by the latent heating. However, the mass removal significantly alters the amount of energy lost due to work done by the pressure perturbations. The implications for numerical modeling are discussed. JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Spengler, Thomas AU - Egger, Joseph AU - Garner, Stephen T AD - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, NJ 08540-6654, USA thomas.spengler@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 347 EP - 360 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4928, 0022-4928 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Latent heating/cooling KW - Numerical analysis/modeling KW - Rainfall KW - Surface pressure KW - Heating KW - Acoustics KW - Hydrostatics KW - Perturbation methods KW - Rain KW - Sedimentation KW - Phase change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777145191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.atitle=How+Does+Rain+Affect+Surface+Pressure+in+a+One-Dimensional+Framework%3F&rft.au=Spengler%2C+Thomas%3BEgger%2C+Joseph%3BGarner%2C+Stephen+T&rft.aulast=Spengler&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.issn=00224928&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAS3582.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3582.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific ocean AN - 1642282642; 14209113 AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution, abundance and characteristics of plastic particles in plankton samples collected routinely in Northeast Pacific ecosystems, and to contribute to the development of ideas for future research into the occurrence and impact of small plastic debris in marine pelagic ecosystems. Plastic debris particles were assessed from zooplankton samples collected as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ongoing ecosystem surveys during two research cruises in the Southeast Bering Sea in the spring and fall of 2006 and four research cruises off the U.S. west coast (primarily off southern California) in spring, summer and fall of 2006, and in January of 2007. Nets with 0.505mm mesh were used to collect surface samples during all cruises, and sub-surface samples during the four cruises off the west coast. The 595 plankton samples processed indicate that plastic particles are widely distributed in surface waters. The proportion of surface samples from each cruise that contained particles of plastic ranged from 8.75 to 84.0%, whereas particles were recorded in sub-surface samples from only one cruise (in 28.2% of the January 2007 samples). Spatial and temporal variability was apparent in the abundance and distribution of the plastic particles and mean standardized quantities varied among cruises with ranges of 0.004-0.19particles/m3, and 0.014-0.209mgdry mass/m3. Off southern California, quantities for the winter cruise were significantly higher, and for the spring cruise significantly lower than for the summer and fall surveys (surface data). Differences between surface particle concentrations and mass for the Bering Sea and California coast surveys were significant for pair-wise comparisons of the spring but not the fall cruises. The particles were assigned to three plastic product types: product fragments, fishing net and line fibers, and industrial pellets; and five size categories: 2.5-5mm, >5-10mm, and >10mm. Product fragments accounted for the majority of the particles, and most were less than 2.5mm in size. The ubiquity of such particles in the survey areas and predominance of sizes 10mm. Product fragments accounted for the majority of the particles, and most were less than 2.5mm in size. The ubiquity and size distribution of such particles implies persistence in these pelagic ecosystems as a result of continuous breakdown from larger plastic debris fragments, and widespread distribution by ocean currents. Detailed investigations of the trophic ecology of individual zooplankton species, and their encounter rates with plastic particles in pelagic ecosystems, are required in order to understand the potential for ingestion of such debris particles by these organisms. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Doyle, Miriam J AU - Watson, William AU - Bowlin, Noelle M AU - Sheavly, Seba B AD - Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, P.O. Box 355672, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA miriam.doyle@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 41 EP - 52 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Plastic particles KW - Fragments KW - Fibers KW - Pellets KW - Pelagic ecosystems KW - Southeast Bering sea KW - California current KW - Marine KW - Springs KW - Ecosystems KW - Abundance KW - Coastal KW - Surveys KW - Debris UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642282642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Plastic+particles+in+coastal+pelagic+ecosystems+of+the+Northeast+Pacific+ocean&rft.au=Doyle%2C+Miriam+J%3BWatson%2C+William%3BBowlin%2C+Noelle+M%3BSheavly%2C+Seba+B&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marenvres.2010.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.10.001 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhancing local river flood hazard communication at the Rio Grande Valley AN - 918055827; 16192395 AB - River flooding along the lower Rio Grande reached record to near record levels in middle to late July of 2010, after estimates of more than 127 cm (50 inches) of rain fell across the northern portions of the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeast Mexico, mainly in the states of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Chihuahua, associated with the remnants of Hurricane Alex and Tropical Depression Number Two. Initial heavy rains across mountainous Nuevo Leon produced devastating flash floods in Monterrey; and additional heavy rains produced additional runoff which filled up a network of reservoirs on the lee side of the Sierra Madre in Mexico, and along the lower Rio Grande. Ultimately, the water flowed into a network of floodways in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Flooding impacted a number of communities along and near the river in Texas and Mexico. The National Weather Service Forecast Office (WFO) in Brownsville, Texas, utilized multiple sources of information to communicate the threat of flooding to locations along the lower Rio Grande. These sources included observed and forecasted river stage levels; near-real time situation reports from towns, cities, and portions of counties impacted by high water; expertise from the U.S. International Boundary and Water Commission, West Gulf River Forecast Center, and WFO Brownsville; photographic and video evidence, and Geo-referenced data. The data was assimilated into a number of information streams including standard NWS River Flood Warning text products, areal-based Hydrologic Flood Advisories for potential flood areas not in or near a river forecast point, near-real time web page news articles and event stories, and routinely updated river-at-a-glance observed and forecast graphics. Several of these information streams were provided in English and in Spanish. The effectiveness of combining multiple data sources into clear, specific messages for a variety of stakeholders will be discussed. Results from conversations with stakeholders will be used to provide a possible framework for location-specific hydrologic messages that incorporate geographic, demographic, and sociological information to further improve how flood threats are communicated to those in harm's way. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 23 Jan 2011. AU - Castillo, Mike AU - Vega, A AU - Goldsmith, B S AU - Estupinan, J Y1 - 2011/01/23/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 23 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Flash floods KW - Heavy precipitation KW - Water reservoirs KW - Communication KW - Freshwater KW - Gulfs KW - Streams KW - Socioeconomic aspects KW - Floods KW - Networks KW - Mexico, Chihuahua KW - American Meteorological Society KW - Reservoirs KW - Rivers KW - Policies KW - Rainfall runoff KW - USA, New Mexico, Lower Rio Grande KW - River stages KW - River discharge KW - Mexico, Nuevo Leon KW - Tropical depressions KW - Boundaries KW - Flood hazard KW - Flooding KW - Rain KW - Mexico, Coahuila KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918055827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enhancing+local+river+flood+hazard+communication+at+the+Rio+Grande+Valley&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Mike%3BVega%2C+A%3BGoldsmith%2C+B+S%3BEstupinan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.date=2011-01-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Californian forest fire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations AN - 856788211; 14309509 AB - Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physicochemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5-6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of ~0.7 and ~0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of r sub(eff, f) during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 mu m and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O sub(3) concentrations as well as elevated K super(+)/SO sub(4) ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physic-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - McKendry, I AU - Strawbridge, K AU - Karumudi, M L AU - O'Neill, N AU - Macdonald, A M AU - Leaitch, R AU - Jaffe, D AU - Cottle, P AU - Sharma, S AU - Sheridan, P AD - NOAA-Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011/01/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 17 SP - 465 EP - 477 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Aerosol transport KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - Aerosols KW - Forest fires KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - M2:551.593 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856788211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Californian+forest+fire+plumes+over+Southwestern+British+Columbia%3A+lidar%2C+sunphotometry%2C+and+mountaintop+chemistry+observations&rft.au=McKendry%2C+I%3BStrawbridge%2C+K%3BKarumudi%2C+M+L%3BO%27Neill%2C+N%3BMacdonald%2C+A+M%3BLeaitch%2C+R%3BJaffe%2C+D%3BCottle%2C+P%3BSharma%2C+S%3BSheridan%2C+P&rft.aulast=McKendry&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest fires; Aerosols; Canada, British Columbia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Copper-induced olfactory toxicity in salmon and steelhead: Extrapolation across species and rearing environments AN - 856778122; 14199005 AB - Recent research has shown that hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are vulnerable to the olfactory neurotoxicity caused by copper from urban runoff, pesticide use, and mining activities. To explore the broader application of this data to salmonids living in the wild, we exposed naturally-reared steelhead (O. mykiss) to copper (5 and 20 mu g/L; 3h) and measured losses in olfactory function via electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings. Copper exposure disrupted the olfactory responsiveness of steelhead to an amino acid (l-serine) in a dose-dependent manner that was equivalent to previously published data for hatchery coho. Our findings support extrapolation of copper toxicity data across species and from fish raised in hatcheries to fish in the wild. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Baldwin, David H AU - Tatara, Christopher P AU - Scholz, Nathaniel L AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA, David.Baldwin@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 17 SP - 295 EP - 297 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Copper KW - Salmonid KW - Olfaction KW - Hatchery KW - Anadromous species KW - Toxicity tests KW - Urban runoff KW - Vulnerability KW - Pollution indicators KW - Fish culture KW - Toxicology KW - Data processing KW - Amino acids KW - Toxicity KW - Hatcheries KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Pesticides KW - salmon KW - Fish KW - vulnerability KW - L-Serine KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Runoff KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety KW - R 18000:Olfaction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856778122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Copper-induced+olfactory+toxicity+in+salmon+and+steelhead%3A+Extrapolation+across+species+and+rearing+environments&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+David+H%3BTatara%2C+Christopher+P%3BScholz%2C+Nathaniel+L&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2010.08.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Anadromous species; Vulnerability; Toxicity; Pollution indicators; Toxicity tests; Toxicology; Fish culture; Olfaction; Hatcheries; Amino acids; Data processing; Pesticides; Neurotoxicity; L-Serine; Copper; Runoff; Urban runoff; salmon; vulnerability; Fish; Oncorhynchus kisutch DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.08.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of interactions of brevetoxin-B and human serum albumin by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 840352600; 21142195 AB - Brevetoxins are neurotoxins produced by marine dinoflagellates, primarily Karenia brevis, and can cause intoxication and even mortality of marine species, affect human health through the consumption of brevetoxin-contaminated shellfish, and effect respiratory irritation through aerosol exposure at coastal areas. Brevetoxin-A and brevetoxin-B, the major brevetoxins produced in algae, are metabolized to a series of amino acid and peptide-related derivatives in shellfish through the reactions of the amino acid residue cysteine with an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde group. In this paper, covalent interactions between brevetoxin and proteins were investigated using brevetoxin-B and human serum albumin (HSA) as a model. It is demonstrated that both noncovalent and covalent interactions can occur between brevetoxin-B and HSA with in vitro experiments. Covalent adducts of brevetoxin-B and HSA were generated under physiological conditions and reduced with sodium borohydride based on the reaction conditions of single amino acid residues with brevetoxin-B. LC/MS analysis of toxin-treated HSA recognized the formation of the intact protein adducts with primarily one and two toxin molecules attached to one HSA molecule. HSA treated with/without brevetoxin-B was digested with trypsin, trypsin following chymotrypsin, and Pronase, respectively, for LC/MS analysis of adduction sites. Brevetoxin-B was found to react primarily with Cys(34) and His(3) and with His and Lys at other sites of HSA with variable reactivity and with Lys in general the least reactive. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - Ramsdell, John S AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA/National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA. Y1 - 2011/01/14/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 14 SP - 54 EP - 64 VL - 24 IS - 1 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Oxocins KW - Serum Albumin KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - brevetoxin B KW - 79580-28-2 KW - Chymotrypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.1 KW - Trypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.4 KW - Pronase KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Histidine -- chemistry KW - Dinoflagellida -- metabolism KW - Chymotrypsin -- metabolism KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Trypsin -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding KW - Pronase -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Serum Albumin -- metabolism KW - Serum Albumin -- chemistry KW - Oxocins -- chemistry KW - Oxocins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/840352600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+interactions+of+brevetoxin-B+and+human+serum+albumin+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhihong%3BRamsdell%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhihong&rft.date=2011-01-14&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=1520-5010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx1002854 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-05-10 N1 - Date created - 2011-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx1002854 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small Interannual Variability of Global Atmospheric Hydroxyl AN - 904466496; 14213220 AB - The oxidizing capacity of the global atmosphere is largely determined by hydroxyl (OH) radicals and is diagnosed by analyzing methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) measurements. Previously, large year-to-year changes in global mean OH concentrations have been inferred from such measurements, suggesting that the atmospheric oxidizing capacity is sensitive to perturbations by widespread air pollution and natural influences. We show how the interannual variability in OH has been more precisely estimated from CH3CCl3 measurements since 1998, when atmospheric gradients of CH3CCl3 had diminished as a result of the Montreal Protocol. We infer a small interannual OH variability as a result, indicating that global OH is generally well buffered against perturbations. This small variability is consistent with measurements of methane and other trace gases oxidized primarily by OH, as well as global photochemical model calculations. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Montzka, SA AU - Krol, M AU - Dlugokencky, E AU - Hall, B AU - Joeckel, P AU - Lelieveld, J AD - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA PY - 2011 SP - 67 EP - 69 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 331 IS - 6013 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Atmospheric pollution variations KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Atmospheric pollution measurements KW - Environmental policy KW - Atmosphere KW - Environmental protection KW - Air pollution KW - Canada, Quebec, Montreal KW - Chloroform KW - Interannual variability KW - Photochemicals KW - Gases KW - Photochemical atmospheric pollution KW - Montreal Protocol KW - Hydroxyl photochemistry KW - Photochemical models KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904466496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Small+Interannual+Variability+of+Global+Atmospheric+Hydroxyl&rft.au=Montzka%2C+SA%3BKrol%2C+M%3BDlugokencky%2C+E%3BHall%2C+B%3BJoeckel%2C+P%3BLelieveld%2C+J&rft.aulast=Montzka&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=6013&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric pollution variations; Interannual variability; Atmospheric pollution; Photochemical atmospheric pollution; Montreal Protocol; Atmospheric pollution measurements; Hydroxyl photochemistry; Photochemical models; Air pollution; Chloroform; Methane; Gases; Photochemicals; Atmosphere; Environmental policy; Environmental protection; Canada, Quebec, Montreal ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 32 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127704; 14766-0_0032 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 32 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 16 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127699; 14766-0_0016 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 16 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 31 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127582; 14766-0_0031 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 31 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 30 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127577; 14766-0_0030 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 30 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 29 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127570; 14766-0_0029 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 29 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 24 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127484; 14766-0_0024 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 24 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 18 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127238; 14766-0_0018 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 18 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 10 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127227; 14766-0_0010 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 10 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 22 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126679; 14766-0_0022 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 22 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 21 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126671; 14766-0_0021 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 21 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 20 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126666; 14766-0_0020 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 20 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 9 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126585; 14766-0_0009 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 9 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 8 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126580; 14766-0_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 6 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126570; 14766-0_0006 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 6 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 5 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126565; 14766-0_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 28 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126514; 14766-0_0028 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 28 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 27 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126509; 14766-0_0027 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 27 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 26 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126504; 14766-0_0026 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 26 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 3 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126301; 14766-0_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 2 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126297; 14766-0_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 1 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126289; 14766-0_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 14 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126181; 14766-0_0014 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 14 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 13 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126169; 14766-0_0013 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 13 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 12 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126159; 14766-0_0012 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 12 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 11 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126148; 14766-0_0011 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 11 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 853675520; 14766 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of COX inhibitors on neurodegeneration and survival in mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin domoic acid. AN - 812137583; 20934488 AB - The marine neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) is a rigid analogue of the neurotransmitter glutamate and a potent agonist of kainate subtype glutamate receptors. Persistent activation of these receptor subtypes results in rapid excitotoxicity, calcium-dependent cell death, and neuronal degeneration in regions of the brain where glutamatergic pathways are concentrated. Previous work has shown that DA promotes the expression of inflammatory genes in the brain, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). To investigate the impact of inflammation on the development of neurodegeneration, and ultimately survival following DA administration, we used selective (L745337, Merck) and non-selective (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) COX inhibitors in DA exposed mice. Adult male ICR mice were given a regime of either ASA or L23547 both before and after a single LD50 dose of DA. Mice were observed immediately after toxin introduction and then sacrificed at 2 days post exposure. Our lower dose of L23547 increased survival and was most effective at decreasing neuronal degeneration in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, areas especially sensitive to DA excitotoxicity. This study shows that COX2 plays a role in DA induced neurodegeneration and death, and that inhibitors may be of value for treatment in human and wildlife DA exposure. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Ryan, James C AU - Cross, Cheryl A AU - Van Dolah, Frances M AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. james.ryan@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01/03/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 03 SP - 83 EP - 87 VL - 487 IS - 1 KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Indans KW - L 745337 KW - Neurotoxins KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Indans -- therapeutic use KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Aspirin -- therapeutic use KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- pathology KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/812137583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Effects+of+COX+inhibitors+on+neurodegeneration+and+survival+in+mice+exposed+to+the+marine+neurotoxin+domoic+acid.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+James+C%3BCross%2C+Cheryl+A%3BVan+Dolah%2C+Frances+M&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-01-03&rft.volume=487&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=1872-7972&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neulet.2010.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2010-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A High Wind Statistical Prediction Model for the Northern Front Range of Colorado AN - 968180273; 16502805 AB - Numerical models occasionally struggle with forecasting certain meteorological events, so statistical methods can be employed to aid operational forecasters. One example is high wind events along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in northern Colorado. During the cool season, fair-weather wind events can produce gusts exceeding 35 m s-1, sometimes resulting in widespread damage. In this study, we build on previous research on Colorado high wind events and describe the development of a statistical model that is now running in real-time. Given the abundance of reanalysis data now available, similar models could be built for a variety of applications in other parts of the country or the world. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Lindsey, D T AD - NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/RAMMB, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Statistical analysis KW - Gusts KW - Statistical Methods KW - Data reanalysis KW - North America, Rocky Mts. KW - Mountains KW - Numerical models KW - Forecasting KW - Seasonal variability KW - Wind KW - Modelling KW - Weather KW - Damage KW - Mathematical models KW - Statistical models KW - Model Studies KW - USA, Colorado KW - Fronts KW - Statistical Models KW - Statistical forecasting KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=A+High+Wind+Statistical+Prediction+Model+for+the+Northern+Front+Range+of+Colorado&rft.au=Lindsey%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Mathematical models; Fronts; Statistical models; Gusts; Modelling; Numerical models; Statistical analysis; Seasonal variability; Statistical forecasting; Data reanalysis; Mountains; Damage; Weather; Statistical Models; Forecasting; Statistical Methods; Wind; Model Studies; North America, Rocky Mts.; USA, Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New England Record Maker Rain Event of 29-30 March 2010 AN - 968180240; 16502804 AB - A significant East Coast Storm affected New England on 29-30 March 2010. The storm brought heavy rainfall and record flooding to portions of southeastem New England. Providence, RI set a daily rainfall record of 135.1 mm (5.32 inches) on 30 March 2010 and had a two-day total rainfall of 223.3 mm (8.79 inches) setting a new record. Many sites in southern New England set daily and monthly rainfall records. The heavy rain event was relatively well predicted by the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) Ensemble forecast Systems (EFS). The forecasts of this event depicted a pattern conducive for heavy rainfall. Standardized anomalies aided in identifying the potential impact of this event. Initially, the NCEP models and ensemble forecast Systems predicted a surge of high precipitable water with strong southerly winds over southern New England. As the event unfolded, a second surge of rainfall was predicted with strong easterly winds over the same region as a surface cyclone developed and moved up the coast. This created a unique situation where a Maddox-type synoptic heavy rain pattern evolved into a frontal type event. The two periods of heavy rainfall produced the record two-day totals and contributed to the flood problems. Both forecast and analyzed anomalies associated with this historie storm will be presented. These data will show how the synoptic-scale anomalies were well correlated with the heavy rainfall. The anomalies facilitate putting this event into a historical perspective relative to previous events. This case demonstrates the utility of using anomalies to increase forecaster confidence and situational awareness. Improved anomaly-based situational awareness combined with probabilistic ensemble quantitative precipitation forecasts can facilitate forecasts of and decisions related to future significant events such as this. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Grumm, R H AD - National Weather Service, State College, PA, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - New records KW - Heavy precipitation KW - Rainfall KW - ANW, USA, New England KW - Storms KW - Heavy rainfall KW - Floods KW - Coastal morphology KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind KW - Coasts KW - Weather KW - Quantitative precipitation forecasting KW - Ensemble forecasting KW - Easterly winds KW - Surges KW - Precipitation KW - Storm surges KW - Precipitable water KW - Flooding KW - Rain KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=New+England+Record+Maker+Rain+Event+of+29-30+March+2010&rft.au=Grumm%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Grumm&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - New records; Prediction; Weather; Coastal morphology; Surges; Flooding; Weather forecasting; Storms; Heavy precipitation; Heavy rainfall; Storm surges; Quantitative precipitation forecasting; Precipitable water; Floods; Easterly winds; Ensemble forecasting; Rainfall; Precipitation; Rain; Wind; Coasts; ANW, USA, New England ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radar Tornadic Debris Signatures on 27 April 2011 AN - 968180166; 16502801 AB - A historie tornado outbreak occurred across the southeastern United States on 25-28 April 2011 (NSSL 2011; NWS 2011). Radar tornadic debris signatures (TDSs; Ryzhkov et al. 2002, 2005; Kumjian and Ryzhkov 2008)--colloquially know as debris balls--were apparent with many of the tornadic storms on 27 April. Indeed, several television meteorologists highlighted these so-called debris balls during their live broadcasts (see examples from ABC 33/40 and The Weather Channel), which likely enhanced awareness of the imminent danger and consequently encouraged people to seek shelter. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Bunkers, MJ AU - Baxter, MA AD - NOAA/National Weather Service, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Tornadoes KW - Television systems KW - USA, Southeast KW - Storms KW - Debris KW - Channels KW - Hazards KW - Meteorologists KW - Radar KW - Shelters KW - Detritus KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 551.515.3:Tornadoes Waterspouts Whirlwinds (551.515.3) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Radar+Tornadic+Debris+Signatures+on+27+April+2011&rft.au=Bunkers%2C+MJ%3BBaxter%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Bunkers&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Television systems; Shelters; Debris; Meteorologists; Tornadoes; Radar; Storms; Channels; Weather; Detritus; USA, Southeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard Strike Probability as a Measure of Warning Reliability AN - 968180135; 16502800 AB - Defined as the probability of being struck by a warned hazard while within the warning area, hazard strike probability for a tornado or other high-end severe weather hazard is incredibly small. With a focus on providing longer lead times, today's convective warnings yield hazard strike probabilities that are likely much too low for the products to effectively serve as the "go" step in the ready-set-go philosophy, and in fact may be better suited as the "set" step. This document takes a closer look at hazard strike probability, and evaluates public perception of this concept. The value of the warning as the "set" product, and the need for a more precise community-based, short lead-time "go" product to complete the ready-set-go philosophy, are also examined. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Wolf, P L AD - National Weather Service, Jacksonville, Florida, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Tornadoes KW - Hazards KW - Yield KW - Weather hazards KW - Severe weather events KW - Convective activity KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - M2 551.515.3:Tornadoes Waterspouts Whirlwinds (551.515.3) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Hazard+Strike+Probability+as+a+Measure+of+Warning+Reliability&rft.au=Wolf%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Weather hazards; Tornadoes; Severe weather events; Convective activity; Weather; Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An examination of the new Miller Range nakhlites (MIL 090030, 090032, and 090136) AN - 959098178; 2012-034921 JF - Abstracts of Papers Submitted to the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference AU - Corrigan, C M AU - Vicenzi, E P AU - Konicek, A R AU - Lunning, N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Abstract 2657 PB - Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX VL - 42 KW - silicates KW - nakhlite KW - stony meteorites KW - Martian meteorites KW - microstructure KW - olivine group KW - SNC Meteorites KW - meteorites KW - MIL 090136 KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - cumulates KW - crystal zoning KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - MIL 03346 KW - chain silicates KW - Miller Range Meteorites KW - MIL 090030 KW - mesostasis KW - meteorite pairing KW - MIL 090032 KW - achondrites KW - nesosilicates KW - Antarctica KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959098178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+Submitted+to+the+Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=An+examination+of+the+new+Miller+Range+nakhlites+%28MIL+090030%2C+090032%2C+and+090136%29&rft.au=Corrigan%2C+C+M%3BVicenzi%2C+E+P%3BKonicek%2C+A+R%3BLunning%2C+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Corrigan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+Submitted+to+the+Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2657.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Forty-second lunar and planetary science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 29, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - #02179 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; Antarctica; chain silicates; crystal zoning; cumulates; Martian meteorites; mesostasis; meteorite pairing; meteorites; microstructure; MIL 03346; MIL 090030; MIL 090032; MIL 090136; Miller Range Meteorites; mineral composition; nakhlite; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; pyroxene group; silicates; SNC Meteorites; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local and omnibus goodness-of-fit tests in classical measurement error models AN - 940979357; 4280534 JF - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society AU - Carroll, Raymond J AU - Ma, Yanyuan AU - Hart, Jeffrey D AU - Janicki, Ryan AD - Texas A&M University ; US Census Bureau Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 81 EP - 98 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 1369-7412, 1369-7412 KW - Economics KW - Measurement KW - Distribution KW - Computational methods KW - Maximum likelihood method KW - Error KW - Methodology KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/940979357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.atitle=Local+and+omnibus+goodness-of-fit+tests+in+classical+measurement+error+models&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Raymond+J%3BMa%2C+Yanyuan%3BHart%2C+Jeffrey+D%3BJanicki%2C+Ryan&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.issn=13697412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9868.2010.00751.x LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 8163; 2671 10919; 4387; 7854; 7837 8160 8163 12230; 7994; 3641 12233 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00751.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Long-Term Road Transport Future? Trends and Policy Options AN - 925721204; 2011-172531 AB - Transport is closely linked to economic activity. This article is the first of three articles that examines the findings from the theoretical and empirical economics literature concerning two major transport problems: congestion and environmental impacts. This article reviews long-term trends and broad policy issues and options related to the road transport and its congestion and environmental impacts, particularly climate change. Adapted from the source document. JF - Review of Environmental Economics and Policy AU - Proost, Stef AU - Van Dender, Kurt AD - Center for Economic Studies, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamse straat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium stef.proost@econ.kuleuven.be Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 44 EP - 65 PB - Oxford University Press, UK VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1750-6824, 1750-6824 KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Transportation KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Road traffic and traffic regulation KW - Environment and environmental policy - Weather, climate, and natural disasters KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation KW - Economics KW - Traffic congestion KW - Global warming KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental policy KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/925721204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Policy&rft.atitle=What+Long-Term+Road+Transport+Future%3F+Trends+and+Policy+Options&rft.au=Proost%2C+Stef%3BVan+Dender%2C+Kurt&rft.aulast=Proost&rft.aufirst=Stef&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Review+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Policy&rft.issn=17506824&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Freep%2Freq022 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental policy; Transportation; Transportation policy; Economics; Environmental impact analysis; Traffic congestion; Global warming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/req022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Chicken and the Egg of Economic Disadvantage and Multiple Partner Fertility: Which Comes First in a Sample of Low-Income Women AN - 925712247; 201204187 AB - Childbearing with more than one partner (known as multiple partner fertility) is correlated with economic disadvantage, although the direction of that relationship is not known. In this paper, I examine this question by locating the arrival of children by a second father in women's life histories of childbearing, work, and public assistance use, in an effort to understand which comes first -- multiple partner fertility or disadvantage? Using a low-income, predominantly African-American, sample, I find that relative economic well-being is not predictive of a birth to a second partner. However, women are subject to significantly greater economic stress after the transition into multiple partner fertility, suggesting that although relative disadvantage may not explain women's entry into higher order childbearing relationships, women's financial well-being does suffer as a result of becoming multiple partner fertility mothers. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Western Journal of Black Studies AU - Monte, Lindsay M AD - U. S. Census Bureau Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 53 EP - 66 PB - Washington State University, Pullman VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0197-4327, 0197-4327 KW - Prediction KW - Birth KW - Life History KW - Low Income Groups KW - Black Americans KW - Fertility KW - Well Being KW - Stress KW - Females KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/925712247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+Journal+of+Black+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Chicken+and+the+Egg+of+Economic+Disadvantage+and+Multiple+Partner+Fertility%3A+Which+Comes+First+in+a+Sample+of+Low-Income+Women&rft.au=Monte%2C+Lindsay+M&rft.aulast=Monte&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Western+Journal+of+Black+Studies&rft.issn=01974327&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WJBSEU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertility; Females; Birth; Well Being; Low Income Groups; Prediction; Black Americans; Stress; Life History ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time estimation of pH and aragonite saturation state from Argo profiling floats; prospects for an autonomous carbon observing strategy AN - 921717356; 2012-023903 AB - We demonstrate the ability to obtain accurate estimates of pH and carbonate mineral saturation state (Omega ) from an Argo profiling float in the NE subarctic Pacific. Using hydrographic surveys of the NE Pacific region, we develop empirical algorithms to predict pH and Omega using observations of temperature (T) and dissolved O (sub 2) . We attain R (super 2) values greater than 0.98 and RMS errors of 0.018 (pH), 0.052 (Omega (sub arag) ), and 0.087 (Omega (sub calc) ) for data between 30-500 m, sigma (sub theta ) <27.1. After calibrating optode-based O (sub 2) data, we apply the algorithms to T and O (sub 2) data from an Argo profiling float to produce a 14 month time-series of estimated pH and Omega (sub arag) in the upper water column of the NE subarctic Pacific. Comparison to independent data collected nearby in 2010 indicates pH and Omega (sub arag) estimates are robust. Although the method will not allow detection of anthropogenic trends in pH or Omega (sub arag) , this approach will provide insight into natural variability and the key biogeochemical controls on these parameters. Most importantly, this work demonstrates that an assemblage of well-calibrated regional algorithms and Argo float data can be used as a low-cost, readily-deployable component of a global ocean carbon observing strategy. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Juranek, L W AU - Feely, R A AU - Gilbert, D AU - Freeland, H AU - Miller, L A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L17603 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 17 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - East Pacific KW - sea water KW - oxygen KW - Northeast Pacific KW - aragonite KW - subarctic regions KW - temperature KW - saturation KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - dissolved oxygen KW - dissolved materials KW - Pacific Ocean KW - acidification KW - algorithms KW - carbonates KW - pH KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921717356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Real-time+estimation+of+pH+and+aragonite+saturation+state+from+Argo+profiling+floats%3B+prospects+for+an+autonomous+carbon+observing+strategy&rft.au=Juranek%2C+L+W%3BFeely%2C+R+A%3BGilbert%2C+D%3BFreeland%2C+H%3BMiller%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Juranek&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011GL048580 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; algorithms; aragonite; carbonates; dissolved materials; dissolved oxygen; East Pacific; hydrographs; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; oxygen; Pacific Ocean; pH; saturation; sea water; subarctic regions; temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048580 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major Mesoamerican droughts of the past millennium AN - 921717317; 2012-023269 AB - Ancient Montezuma baldcypress (Taxodium mucronatum) trees found in Barranca de Amealco, Queretaro, have been used to develop a 1,238-year tree-ring chronology that is correlated with precipitation, temperature, drought indices, and crop yields in central Mexico. This chronology has been used to reconstruct the spring-early summer soil moisture balance over the heartland of the Mesoamerican cultural province, and is the first exactly dated, annually resolved paleoclimatic record for Mesoamerica spanning the Late Classic, Post Classic, Colonial, and modern eras. The reconstruction indicates that the Terminal Classic drought extended into central Mexico, supporting other sedimentary and speleothem evidence for this early 10th century drought in Mesoamerica. The reconstruction also documents severe and sustained drought during the decline of the Toltec state (1149-1167) and during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec state (1514-1539), providing a new precisely dated climate framework for Mesoamerican cultural change. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Stahle, D W AU - Diaz, J Villanueva AU - Burnette, D J AU - Paredes, J Cerano AU - Heim, R R, Jr AU - Fye, F K AU - Acuna Soto, R AU - Therrell, M D AU - Cleaveland, M K AU - Stahle, D K Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L05703 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - United States KW - Plantae KW - Quaternary KW - vegetation KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - climate change KW - paleoecology KW - drought KW - Cenozoic KW - Mexico KW - tree rings KW - reconstruction KW - upper Holocene KW - Taxodium mucronatum KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921717317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Major+Mesoamerican+droughts+of+the+past+millennium&rft.au=Stahle%2C+D+W%3BDiaz%2C+J+Villanueva%3BBurnette%2C+D+J%3BParedes%2C+J+Cerano%3BHeim%2C+R+R%2C+Jr%3BFye%2C+F+K%3BAcuna+Soto%2C+R%3BTherrell%2C+M+D%3BCleaveland%2C+M+K%3BStahle%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Stahle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GL046472 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; climate change; drought; Holocene; Mexico; paleoclimatology; paleoecology; Plantae; Quaternary; reconstruction; Taxodium mucronatum; tree rings; United States; upper Holocene; vegetation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046472 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation AN - 921716668; 2012-023263 AB - The moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck offshore the Mentawai islands in western Indonesia on 25 October 2010 created a locally large tsunami that caused more than 400 human causalities. We identify this earthquake as a rare slow-source tsunami earthquake based on: 1) disproportionately large tsunami waves; 2) excessive rupture duration near 125 s; 3) predominantly shallow, near-trench slip determined through finite-fault modeling; and 4) deficiencies in energy-to-moment and energy-to-duration-cubed ratios, the latter in near-real time. We detail the real-time solutions that identified the slow-nature of this event, and evaluate how regional reductions in crustal rigidity along the shallow trench as determined by reduced rupture velocity contributed to increased slip, causing the 5-9 m local tsunami runup and observed transoceanic wave heights observed 1600 km to the southeast. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Newman, Andrew V AU - Hayes, Gavin AU - Wei, Yong AU - Convers, Jaime Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L05302 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - tsunamis KW - risk management KW - Far East KW - geologic hazards KW - Mentawai Islands KW - Indonesia KW - displacements KW - models KW - western Indonesia KW - mitigation KW - seismicity KW - earthquake prediction KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - tectonics KW - Mentawai earthquake 2010 KW - Asia KW - earthquakes KW - seismotectonics KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921716668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+25+October+2010+Mentawai+tsunami+earthquake%2C+from+real-time+discriminants%2C+finite-fault+rupture%2C+and+tsunami+excitation&rft.au=Newman%2C+Andrew+V%3BHayes%2C+Gavin%3BWei%2C+Yong%3BConvers%2C+Jaime&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GL046498 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; displacements; earthquake prediction; earthquakes; Far East; faults; geologic hazards; Indonesia; Mentawai earthquake 2010; Mentawai Islands; mitigation; models; natural hazards; risk assessment; risk management; seismicity; seismotectonics; tectonics; tsunamis; western Indonesia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046498 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deep-sea observations and modeling of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in Drake Passage AN - 921715350; 2012-023886 AB - The 2004 Sumatra tsunami was clearly recorded by two UK bottom pressure gauges, DPN and DPS, deployed in Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. These open-ocean records were examined to estimate characteristics of the tsunami waves and to compare the results of numerical simulations with the observations. Maximum wave heights measured at these gauges were 4.9 cm at DPN and 7.4 cm at DPS; the travel times from the source area were 19 h 46 min and 19 h 39 min respectively, consistent with the times obtained from the nearby coastal tide gauges. The numerical model described well the frequency content, amplitudes and general structure of the observed waves, with only small time shifts probably related to wave dispersion effects. The shifts were 15 min for DPN and 10 min for DPS, with the modeled waves leading the observations in each case. Further inspection of the simulated and observed records revealed that the identified tsunami waves are related to the second (main) train of waves propagating by the energy conserving route along the mid-ocean ridges, while the first train of waves travelling by the fastest route across the ocean remained unrecognizable in the observed DPS and DPN records and undetectable in the records of coastal tide gauges because of their insignificant amplitudes compared to the background variability. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Rabinovich, Alexander B AU - Woodworth, Philip L AU - Titov, Vasily V Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L16604 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 16 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - tsunamis KW - Drake Passage KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - Indian Ocean tsunami 2004 KW - South Pacific KW - deep-sea environment KW - tides KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - ocean waves KW - natural hazards KW - propagation KW - mid-ocean ridges KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921715350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Deep-sea+observations+and+modeling+of+the+2004+Sumatra+tsunami+in+Drake+Passage&rft.au=Rabinovich%2C+Alexander+B%3BWoodworth%2C+Philip+L%3BTitov%2C+Vasily+V&rft.aulast=Rabinovich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011GL048305 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deep-sea environment; Drake Passage; geologic hazards; Indian Ocean tsunami 2004; marine environment; mid-ocean ridges; natural hazards; numerical models; ocean waves; Pacific Ocean; propagation; South Pacific; tides; tsunamis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048305 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inter-industry Inequality: An Important Source of the Urban Income Gap -- Regression-based Decomposition AN - 919901214; 201203053 AB - Regression-based decomposition of inter-industry earnings differentials shows that in 1988, 1995 and 2002, inter-industry earnings differentials made an increasing contribution to urban earnings inequality in China. The primary reason for the widening gap lay in monopoly industries. At the same time, geographical location, educational level, type of enterprise ownership, type of occupation and whether the individual had a second job also contributed to rising earnings inequality, while age and being fully employed made a decreasing contribution. Therefore, if China is to reduce the earnings gap it is imperative that we remove barriers to labor market entry and break down some monopoly industries in the product market. Additionally, reducing obstacles to the free movement of labor and improving workers' educational level should also be important elements of the government's strategy for reducing the urban income gap in future. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Sciences in China AU - Chen, Zhao AU - Wan, Guanghua AU - Lu, Ming AD - China Center for Economic Studies, Fudan University Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 159 EP - 177 PB - Routledge/Taylor & Francis, London UK VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0252-9203, 0252-9203 KW - monopoly industries, decomposition of income differentials, Shapley value KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Monopolies KW - Constraints KW - Income Inequality KW - Labor Market KW - Ownership KW - Markets KW - Industry KW - Income KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919901214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Sciences+in+China&rft.atitle=Inter-industry+Inequality%3A+An+Important+Source+of+the+Urban+Income+Gap+--+Regression-based+Decomposition&rft.au=Chen%2C+Zhao%3BWan%2C+Guanghua%3BLu%2C+Ming&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Zhao&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Sciences+in+China&rft.issn=02529203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F02529203.2011.573352 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Income; Peoples Republic of China; Income Inequality; Monopolies; Industry; Markets; Labor Market; Ownership; Constraints DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2011.573352 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variations in the equatorial Indian Ocean AN - 919646279; 2012-020240 AB - This study examines the structure and dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. We take advantage of a variety of satellite and in situ data sets, including unprecedented 4-8 year-long velocity time series records from the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) program. Spectral analysis reveals prominent intraseasonal zonal currents variations along the equator with periods of 30-70 days. These oscillations are vertically in phase above the thermocline and propagate eastward with the local zonal winds. In the thermocline, intraseasonal zonal velocity variations also propagate eastward across a broad range of phase speeds expected for low baroclinic equatorial Kelvin waves; amplitudes decrease with depth, with deeper levels leading those near surface. Collectively, these results suggest that the near-surface layer responds directly to intraseasonal zonal wind stress forcing and that subsequently energy radiates downward and eastward in the thermocline in the form of wind-forced equatorial Kelvin waves. In addition, intraseasonal zonal current variability on the equator is coherent with off-equatorial sea surface height fluctuations in the eastern and central of the basin. This coherence is primarily due to the fact that equatorial zonal wind variations are associated with off-equatorial wind stress curls that can generate local Ekman pumping and westward propagating Rossby waves. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Iskandar, Iskhaq AU - McPhaden, Michael J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C06019 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - equatorial region KW - satellite methods KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - thermohaline circulation KW - Indian Ocean KW - seasonal variations KW - sea-surface temperature KW - climate forcing KW - winds KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919646279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wind-forced+intraseasonal+zonal+current+variations+in+the+equatorial+Indian+Ocean&rft.au=Iskandar%2C+Iskhaq%3BMcPhaden%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Iskandar&rft.aufirst=Iskhaq&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006864 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate forcing; currents; equatorial region; Indian Ocean; ocean circulation; ocean currents; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea-surface temperature; seasonal variations; temperature; thermohaline circulation; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006864 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of eddies on an ocean observing system with profiling floats; idealized simulations of the Argo array AN - 919640601; 2012-020224 AB - This study aims at evaluating effects of the mesoscale variability on the expected accuracy of reconstruction of temperature, salinity, and velocities from the Argo measurements and trajectories. For this purpose, an idealized observing system with profiling floats is simulated in a high-resolution ocean model of the North Atlantic set up to produce annual mean hydrography and circulation. The simulations with and without mesoscale variability are compared, and the effects of the time mean and mesoscale eddy-induced advection are effectively separated and investigated. The results demonstrate several effects of mesoscale eddies on the expected accuracy of the Argo-based reconstructions of temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocities. In most of the domain, the eddies help to achieve uniform spatial coverage. The effects of eddy advection on reconstruction errors are, however, complex but moderate in most of the domain. High-frequency variability in temperature and salinity leads to enhancement of reconstruction errors, especially if the sampling is carried out for only a few years. The reconstruction of horizontal velocities from trajectories of the profiling floats is capable of detecting multiple zonal jets which have been observed already. The reconstruction of the meridional velocities is significantly less reliable, primarily due to a small signal-to-noise ratio in the in the interior of domain. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kamenkovich, Igor AU - Cheng, Wei AU - Schmid, Claudia AU - Harrison, D E Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C06003 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - numerical models KW - salinity KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - Argo array KW - hydrographs KW - eddies KW - velocity KW - reconstruction KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+eddies+on+an+ocean+observing+system+with+profiling+floats%3B+idealized+simulations+of+the+Argo+array&rft.au=Kamenkovich%2C+Igor%3BCheng%2C+Wei%3BSchmid%2C+Claudia%3BHarrison%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Kamenkovich&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2933.1 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Argo array; Atlantic Ocean; currents; eddies; hydrographs; North Atlantic; numerical models; ocean circulation; ocean currents; reconstruction; salinity; temperature; upwelling; velocity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006910 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical simulation of a synoptic event in the Southern California Bight AN - 919640463; 2012-020039 AB - In the middle of March 2002 a synoptic upwelling event occurred in the Southern California Bight; it was marked by a precipitous cooling of at least 4 degrees C within 10-20 km of the coast. By the end of the month the preevent temperatures had slowly recovered. The Regional Oceanic Model System (ROMS) is used to simulate the event with an atmospheric downscaling reanalysis for surface wind and buoyancy flux forcing. Lateral boundary conditions of temperature, salinity, velocity, and sea level are taken from a global oceanic product. Barotropic tidal fields from a global barotropic model are imposed along the open boundaries. The simulation reproduces well the upwelling process compared with observed data. The sensitivity of the simulation is examined to wind resolution, heat flux, and tidal forcing. The oceanic response to the different wind resolutions converges at the level of the 6 km resolution, which is the finest scale present in the terrain elevation data set used in the atmospheric downscaling. The combination of an analytical diurnal cycle in the solar radiation and the empirical coupling with the instantaneous ROMS sea surface temperature produces a similar oceanic response to the downscaled heat flux. Tidal effects are significant in the upwelling evolution due to the increase in wind energy input through a quasi-resonant alignment of the wind and surface current, probably by chance. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Dong, Changming AU - McWilliams, James C AU - Hall, Alex AU - Hughes, Mimi Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05018 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - East Pacific KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - monthly variations KW - Northeast Pacific KW - Southern California Bight KW - ocean currents KW - tides KW - California KW - Southern California KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - climate forcing KW - winds KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Numerical+simulation+of+a+synoptic+event+in+the+Southern+California+Bight&rft.au=Dong%2C+Changming%3BMcWilliams%2C+James+C%3BHall%2C+Alex%3BHughes%2C+Mimi&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Changming&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006578 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bathymetry; California; climate forcing; currents; East Pacific; monthly variations; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Pacific Ocean; sea-surface temperature; Southern California; Southern California Bight; tides; United States; upwelling; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006578 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic topography of the Bering Sea AN - 919640453; 2012-020038 AB - A new mean dynamic topography (MDT) for the Bering Sea is presented. The product is obtained by combining historical oceanographic and atmospheric observations with high-resolution model dynamics in the framework of a variational technique. Eighty percent of the ocean data underlying the MDT were obtained during the last 25 years and include hydrographic profiles, surface drifter trajectories, and in situ velocity observations that were combined with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric climatology. The new MDT quantifies surface geostrophic circulation in the Bering Sea with a formal accuracy of 2-4 cm/s. The corresponding sea surface height (SSH) errors are estimated by inverting the Hessian matrix in the subspace spanned by the leading modes of SSH variability observed from satellites. Comparison with similar products based on in situ observations, satellite gravity, and altimetry shows that the new MDT is in better agreement with independent velocity observations by Argo drifters and moorings. Assimilation of the satellite altimetry data referenced to the new MDT allows better reconstruction of regional circulations in the Bering Sea. Comparisons also indicate that MDT estimates derived from the latest Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid model have more in common with the presented sea surface topography than with the MDTs based on earlier versions of the geoid. The presented MDT will increase the accuracy of calculations of the satellite altimeter absolute heights and geostrophic surface currents and may also contribute to improving the precision in estimating the geoid in the Bering Sea. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Panteleev, Gleb AU - Yaremchuk, Max AU - Stabeno, Phyllis J AU - Luchin, Vladimir AU - Nechaev, Dmitri A AU - Kikuchi, Takashi Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05017 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - high-resolution methods KW - ocean circulation KW - sea water KW - density KW - Bering Sea KW - atmosphere KW - altimetry KW - satellite methods KW - models KW - topography KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - climate forcing KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dynamic+topography+of+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Panteleev%2C+Gleb%3BYaremchuk%2C+Max%3BStabeno%2C+Phyllis+J%3BLuchin%2C+Vladimir%3BNechaev%2C+Dmitri+A%3BKikuchi%2C+Takashi&rft.aulast=Panteleev&rft.aufirst=Gleb&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006354 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; atmosphere; bathymetry; Bering Sea; climate forcing; density; high-resolution methods; hydrographs; models; North Pacific; ocean circulation; Pacific Ocean; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea water; topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006354 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variational assimilation of satellite observations in a coastal ocean model off Oregon AN - 919639423; 2012-020027 AB - Satellite along-track sea surface height (SSH) and multisatellite sea surface temperature (SST) maps are assimilated in a coastal ocean circulation model off Oregon. The study period is June-October 2005, featuring intensive separation of the coastal upwelling jets in the eddy-dominated coastal transition zone (CTZ). The data assimilation (DA) system combines the nonlinear Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Advanced Variational Regional Ocean Representer Analyzer (AVRORA) tangent linear and adjoint codes developed by our group. The variational representer DA method is implemented in a series of 6 day time windows, with initial conditions corrected at the beginning of each window. To avoid the problem of matching the model and observed SSH mean levels, the observed SSH slope has been assimilated. Location, timing, and intensity of jets and eddies in the CTZ are constrained, to improve accuracy of nonlinear model analyses and forecasts. In the case assimilating SSH alone, the geometry of the SST front is improved. SSH assimilation results in the cross-shore transport more uniformly distributed along the coast than in the free run model. An outer front is identified in the DA analyses at a distance of 200 km from the coast. A strong subsurface horizontal temperature gradient across this front influences the depth of the thermocline in an area between the front and the continental slope. The DA correction term is comparable in magnitude to dominant terms in the volume-integrated heat equation. The time-averaged DA correction term in the volume-integrated heat balance is closer to 0 in the combined SSH-SST assimilation case, than in the case assimilating SSH alone. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kurapov, A L AU - Foley, D AU - Strub, P T AU - Egbert, G D AU - Allen, J S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05006 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - East Pacific KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - Northeast Pacific KW - satellite methods KW - energy balance KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - models KW - Oregon KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919639423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Variational+assimilation+of+satellite+observations+in+a+coastal+ocean+model+off+Oregon&rft.au=Kurapov%2C+A+L%3BFoley%2C+D%3BStrub%2C+P+T%3BEgbert%2C+G+D%3BAllen%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Kurapov&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006909 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bathymetry; currents; East Pacific; energy balance; hydrographs; models; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Oregon; Pacific Ocean; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea-surface temperature; temperature; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006909 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in temperature, precipitation, and snowpack in the Klamath Basin region AN - 919638824; 2012-018294 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mayer, T AU - Naman, S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 296 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - patterns KW - annual variations KW - global change KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - Pacific Decadal Oscillation KW - variations KW - temperature KW - Klamath River basin KW - California KW - Oregon KW - snowpack KW - USGS KW - climate KW - global warming KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919638824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Trends+in+temperature%2C+precipitation%2C+and+snowpack+in+the+Klamath+Basin+region&rft.au=Mayer%2C+T%3BNa