TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 17 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127070; 14836-0_0017 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 17 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 15 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127058; 14836-0_0015 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 15 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 13 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127047; 14836-0_0013 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 13 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 12 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126941; 14836-0_0012 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 12 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 22 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126935; 14836-0_0022 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 22 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 21 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126929; 14836-0_0021 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 21 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 10 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126927; 14836-0_0010 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 10 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 18 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126911; 14836-0_0018 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 18 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 5 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126718; 14836-0_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 4 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126717; 14836-0_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 8 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126700; 14836-0_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 7 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126698; 14836-0_0007 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 7 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 3 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126694; 14836-0_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 2 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126692; 14836-0_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Determining+thermal+properties+of+gypsum+board+at+elevated+temperatures&rft.au=Park%2C+Seul-Hyun%3BManzello%2C+Samuel+L%3BBentz%2C+Dale+P%3BMizukami%2C+Tensei&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Seul-Hyun&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=10991018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.1017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 1 of 22] T2 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126688; 14836-0_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - TRIDENT SUPPORT FACILITIES EXPLOSIVES HANDLING WHARF (EHW-2), NAVAL BASE KITSAP BANGOR, SILVERDALE, KITSAP COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 16373410; 14836 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a second explosives handling wharf (EHW-2) at Naval Base Kitsap Bangor (NBK Bangor) in Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington are proposed. NBK Bangor, located on the Hood Canal approximately 20 miles west of Seattle, provides berthing and support services to TRIDENT submarines. The entirety of NBK Bangor, including the land areas and adjacent waters in Hood Canal, is restricted from general public use. The existing EHW alone will not be able to support TRIDENT program requirements. The EHW-2 would be adjacent to but separate from the existing EHW and would consist of two components: the wharf proper (or operations area), including the warping wharf; and access trestle(s). The wharf proper would be either pile-supported or floating. Two types of pile-supported wharf are being considered: a conventional pile-supported wharf and a large-pile wharf. The access trestles would be pile-supported and would be either completely separate or combined for part of their spans. The trestles under either option would come ashore at the same location and tie into existing roads. All piles would be hollow steel pipe piles. Five action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. The action alternatives consist of combinations of two access trestle layouts (separate and combined) and three wharf configurations (conventional pile-supported, large pile, and floating). The project would also include construction of an upland road, an abutment where the trestles connect to the shore, and an upland construction staging area. Approximately 20 existing facilities and/or structures in proximity to the proposed structure would be modified or demolished to comply with safety and security activity requirements. The preferred alternative is the Combined Trestle, Large Pile Wharf Alternative (Alternative 1). The marine and terrestrial construction would occur over approximately four years. In-water work would be subject to timing and seasonal restrictions to avoid and minimize impacts. Construction would typically occur six days per week, but could occur seven days per week. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A new wharf would support future TRIDENT program requirements for the eight submarines currently homeported at NBK Bangor and for the TRIDENT II strategic weapons system. Construction duration would be shorter for Alternatives 1 and 3 than for Alternatives 2 and 4, resulting in less seafloor disturbance, less noise, and less of an impact to water quality, air quality, and transportation. Implementation of the proposed action would provide a substantial economic benefit to the local and regional economy through the creation of 4,370 direct jobs and 1,970 indirect and induced jobs. Total economic output to the region would be in excess of $722 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Upland construction would result in disturbance of 6.6 vegetated acres and loss of 0.18 acre of wetland. Construction would generate pile driving noise, turbidity, and air pollutant emissions. Long term impacts would include loss and shading of marine habitat including eelgrass, macroalgae and benthic community, and interference with migration of juvenile salmon. All action alternatives would have the potential to adversely affect fish (including tribal treaty-reserved resources), birds, and marine mammals. Species that may be adversely affected include Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon, Puget Sound Chinook salmon, Puget Sound steelhead, bull trout, bocaccio, yelloweye rockfish, canary rockfish, Steller sea lion, and marbled murrelet. The setting of the existing EHW, which is National Register of Historic Places-eligible, would be adversely affected by construction. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 110080, 945 pages, March 18, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Buildings KW - Canals KW - Coastal Zones KW - Demolition KW - Fish KW - Harbor Structures KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Safety Analyses KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Hood Canal KW - Naval Base Kitsap Bangor KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=TRIDENT+SUPPORT+FACILITIES+EXPLOSIVES+HANDLING+WHARF+%28EHW-2%29%2C+NAVAL+BASE+KITSAP+BANGOR%2C+SILVERDALE%2C+KITSAP+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: March 18, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from ship based measurements of peroxy radicals during TexAQS 2006 AN - 874189546; 14822268 AB - During the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS 2006) campaign, a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) was deployed on the NOAA research vessel R/V Brown to measure total peroxy radicals (HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2)). Day-time mixing ratios of HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2) between 25 and 110 ppt were observed throughout the study area - the Houston/Galveston region and the Gulf coast of the US - and analyzed in relation to measurements of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and photolysis rates to assess radical sources and sinks in the region. The measurements of HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2) were used to calculate the in-situ net photochemical formation of ozone. Measured median values ranged from 0.6 ppb/h in clean oceanic air masses up to several tens of ppb/h in the most polluted industrial areas. The results are consistent with previous studies and generally agree with observations made during the previous TexAQS 2000 field campaign. The net photochemical ozone formation rates determined at Barbours Cut, a site immediately south of the Houston Ship Channel, were analyzed in relation to local wind direction and VOC reactivity to understand the relationship between ozone formation and local VOC emissions. The measurements of HO sub(2)+ capital sigma RO sub(2) made during the R/V Brown TexAQS 2006 cruise indicate that ozone formation is NO sub(x)-limited in the Houston/Galveston region and influenced by highly reactive hydrocarbons, especially alkenes from urban and industrial sources and their photo-oxidation products, such as formaldehyde. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Sommariva, R AU - Brown, S S AU - Roberts, J M AU - Brookes, D M AU - Parker, A E AU - Monks, P S AU - Bates, T S AU - Bon, D AU - de Gouw, JA AU - Frost, G J AD - Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA Y1 - 2011/03/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 16 SP - 2471 EP - 2485 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Gulfs KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Ozone KW - Photolysis KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - Air Masses KW - Ozone formation KW - Channels KW - Coastal zone KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Organic Compounds KW - Oxides KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Sinks KW - Air quality KW - Volatile compounds KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston KW - Oceanographic cruise data KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Coasts KW - Photochemical ozone KW - Alkenes KW - Perca KW - Local winds KW - Organic compounds in atmosphere KW - Air pollution KW - Photochemicals KW - Organic compounds KW - Pollution control KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874189546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Ozone+production+in+remote+oceanic+and+industrial+areas+derived+from+ship+based+measurements+of+peroxy+radicals+during+TexAQS+2006&rft.au=Sommariva%2C+R%3BBrown%2C+S+S%3BRoberts%2C+J+M%3BBrookes%2C+D+M%3BParker%2C+A+E%3BMonks%2C+P+S%3BBates%2C+T+S%3BBon%2C+D%3Bde+Gouw%2C+JA%3BFrost%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Sommariva&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ships; Air pollution; Photolysis; Atmospheric chemistry; Alkenes; Volatile compounds; Organic compounds; Pollution control; Ozone; Photochemical ozone; Atmospheric pollution; Local winds; Air quality; Organic compounds in atmosphere; Oceanographic cruise data; Ozone formation; Channels; Coastal zone; Photochemicals; Volatile organic compounds; Sinks; Air Masses; Organic Compounds; Gulfs; Oxides; Coasts; Perca; ASW, USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast; USA, Texas, Houston ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project AN - 874189536; 14822266 AB - We present an overview of the background, scientific goals, and execution of the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project of April 2008. We then summarize airborne measurements, made in the troposphere of the Alaskan Arctic, of aerosol particle size distributions, composition, and optical properties and discuss the sources and transport of the aerosols. The aerosol data were grouped into four categories based on gas-phase composition. First, the background troposphere contained a relatively diffuse, sulfate-rich aerosol extending from the top of the sea-ice inversion layer to 7.4 km altitude. Second, a region of depleted (relative to the background) aerosol was present within the surface inversion layer over sea-ice. Third, layers of dense, organic-rich smoke from open biomass fires in southern Russia and southeastern Siberia were frequently encountered at all altitudes from the top of the inversion layer to 7.1 km. Finally, some aerosol layers were dominated by components originating from fossil fuel combustion. Of these four categories measured during ARCPAC, the diffuse background aerosol was most similar to the average springtime aerosol properties observed at a long-term monitoring site at Barrow, Alaska. The biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel layers were present above the sea-ice inversion layer and did not reach the sea-ice surface during the course of the ARCPAC measurements. The BB aerosol layers were highly scattering and were moderately hygroscopic. On average, the layers produced a noontime net heating of ~0.1 K day super(-1) between 3 and 7 km and a slight cooling at the surface. The ratios of particle mass to carbon monoxide (CO) in the BB plumes, which had been transported over distances >5000 km, were comparable to the high end of literature values derived from previous measurements in wildfire smoke. These ratios suggest minimal precipitation scavenging and removal of the BB particles between the time they were emitted and the time they were observed in dense layers above the sea-ice inversion layer. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Brock, CA AU - Cozic, J AU - Bahreini, R AU - Froyd, K D AU - Middlebrook, A M AU - McComiskey, A AU - Brioude, J AU - Cooper, O R AU - Stohl, A AU - Aikin, K C AD - Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011/03/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 16 SP - 2423 EP - 2453 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Optical properties KW - sea ice KW - Inversion layers KW - Altitude KW - Radiation KW - Optical Properties KW - Arctic KW - Fuel KW - Aerosols KW - Fossil fuels KW - Aerosols-cloud condensation nuclei relationships KW - Aerosols-cloud relationships KW - Biomass KW - Inversions KW - Aerosol layers KW - Clouds KW - Smoke KW - Russia, Siberia KW - Inversion KW - Spring KW - Particulates KW - Optical analysis KW - Carbon monoxide KW - USA, Alaska, Barrow KW - Arctic climates KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Troposphere KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - Sea ice KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09223:Optical properties KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.593:Optical (551.593) KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874189536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Characteristics%2C+sources%2C+and+transport+of+aerosols+measured+in+spring+2008+during+the+aerosol%2C+radiation%2C+and+cloud+processes+affecting+Arctic+Climate+%28ARCPAC%29+Project&rft.au=Brock%2C+CA%3BCozic%2C+J%3BBahreini%2C+R%3BFroyd%2C+K+D%3BMiddlebrook%2C+A+M%3BMcComiskey%2C+A%3BBrioude%2C+J%3BCooper%2C+O+R%3BStohl%2C+A%3BAikin%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Carbon monoxide; Aerosols; Fossil fuels; Optical properties; Climate; Troposphere; Spring; Inversions; Clouds; Aerosol layers; Sea ice; Radiation; Aerosols-cloud condensation nuclei relationships; Aerosols-cloud relationships; Inversion layers; Arctic climates; Optical analysis; Inversion; sea ice; Particulates; Biomass; Polar environments; Altitude; Climates; Optical Properties; Arctic; Fuel; PN, Arctic; Russia, Siberia; USA, Alaska, Barrow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water property monitoring and assessment for China's inland Lake Taihu from MODIS-Aqua measurements AN - 1671444837; 14362155 AB - We provide results of quantitative measurements and characterization for inland freshwater Lake Taihu from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. China's Lake Taihu, which is located in the Yangtze River delta in one of the world's most urbanized and heavily populated areas, contains consistently highly turbid waters in addition to frequent large seasonal algae blooms in various lake regions. Thus, satellite data processing requires use of the shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm. Specifically for Lake Taihu, an iterative SWIR-based atmospheric correction algorithm has been developed and proven to provide reasonably accurate water-leaving radiance spectra data. Using MODIS-Aqua measurements, the blue-green algae bloom in Lake Taihu in 2007 has been studied in detail, demonstrating the importance and usefulness of satellite water color remote sensing for effectively monitoring and managing a bloom event. Seasonal and interannual variability, as well as spatial distributions, of lake water properties were studied and assessed using the MODIS-Aqua measurements from 2002 to 2008. Results show that overall waters in Lake Taihu are consistently highly turbid all year round, with the winter and summer as the most and least turbid seasons in the lake, respectively. Extremely turbid waters in the winter are primarily attributed to strong winter winds that lead to significant amounts of total suspended sediment (TSS) in the water column. In addition, MODIS-Aqua-measured water-leaving radiance at the blue band is consistently low in various bay regions in Lake Taihu, indicating high algae concentration in these regions. Climatological water property maps, including normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nL sub(w)( gamma ), chlorophyll-a concentration, and water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490nm (K sub(d)(490)), are derived from all MODIS-Aqua data from 2002 to 2008 for Lake Taihu, showing overall spatial distribution features for the lake water property. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Wang, Menghua AU - Shi, Wei AU - Tang, Junwu AD - NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, E/RA3, Room 102, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA Y1 - 2011/03/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 15 SP - 841 EP - 854 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA VL - 115 IS - 3 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Water quality KW - Remote sensing KW - Inland freshwater lake KW - Atmospheric correction KW - Radiance KW - Lakes KW - Blooms KW - Freshwaters KW - Algorithms KW - Monitoring KW - Satellites KW - Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671444837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Water+property+monitoring+and+assessment+for+China%27s+inland+Lake+Taihu+from+MODIS-Aqua+measurements&rft.au=Wang%2C+Menghua%3BShi%2C+Wei%3BTang%2C+Junwu&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Menghua&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2010.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic Aerosol Formation Downwind from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill AN - 904472857; 14517080 AB - A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols are derived from organic compounds with various volatilities. A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft made airborne measurements of the gaseous and aerosol composition of air over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred from April to August 2010. A narrow plume of hydrocarbons was observed downwind of DWH that is attributed to the evaporation of fresh oil on the sea surface. A much wider plume with high concentrations of organic aerosol (>25 micrograms per cubic meter) was attributed to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from unmeasured, less volatile hydrocarbons that were emitted from a wider area around DWH. These observations provide direct and compelling evidence for the importance of formation of SOA from less volatile hydrocarbons. JF - Science (Washington) AU - de Gouw, JA AU - Middlebrook, A M AU - Warneke, C AU - Ahmadov, R AU - Atlas, EL AU - Bahreini, R AU - Blake AU - Brock, CA AU - Brioude, J AU - Fahey, D W AU - Fehsenfeld, F C AU - Holloway, J S AU - Le Henaff, M AU - Lueb, R A AU - McKeen, SA AU - Meagher, J F AU - Murphy, D M AU - Paris, C AU - Parrish, D D AU - Perring, A E AU - Pollack, IB AU - Ravishankara, A R AU - Robinson, AL AU - Ryerson, T B AU - Schwarz, J P AU - Spackman, J R AU - Srinivasan, A AU - Watts, LA AD - Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA Y1 - 2011/03/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 11 SP - 1295 EP - 1299 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 331 IS - 6022 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Aerosol composition KW - Aerosols KW - Chemical composition KW - Oil slicks KW - Evaporation KW - Organic aerosols in atmosphere KW - Aircraft observations KW - Organic compounds in atmosphere KW - volatile hydrocarbons KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Seawater pollution KW - Organic compounds in aerosols KW - Plumes KW - Wind KW - Oil spills KW - uncertainty KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904472857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Organic+Aerosol+Formation+Downwind+from+the+Deepwater+Horizon+Oil+Spill&rft.au=de+Gouw%2C+JA%3BMiddlebrook%2C+A+M%3BWarneke%2C+C%3BAhmadov%2C+R%3BAtlas%2C+EL%3BBahreini%2C+R%3BBlake%3BBrock%2C+CA%3BBrioude%2C+J%3BFahey%2C+D+W%3BFehsenfeld%2C+F+C%3BHolloway%2C+J+S%3BLe+Henaff%2C+M%3BLueb%2C+R+A%3BMcKeen%2C+SA%3BMeagher%2C+J+F%3BMurphy%2C+D+M%3BParis%2C+C%3BParrish%2C+D+D%3BPerring%2C+A+E%3BPollack%2C+IB%3BRavishankara%2C+A+R%3BRobinson%2C+AL%3BRyerson%2C+T+B%3BSchwarz%2C+J+P%3BSpackman%2C+J+R%3BSrinivasan%2C+A%3BWatts%2C+LA&rft.aulast=de+Gouw&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=6022&rft.spage=1295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosol composition; Oil slicks; Evaporation; Organic aerosols in atmosphere; Aircraft observations; Seawater pollution; Organic compounds in atmosphere; Organic compounds in aerosols; Aerosols; Chemical composition; Plumes; uncertainty; Oil spills; Wind; volatile hydrocarbons; ASW, Mexico Gulf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system AN - 874180859; 14822254 AB - This study examines the dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on environmental humidity in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) which is composed of convective and stratiform clouds. The author found that increases in aerosol concentration enhance evaporative cooling, which raises not only the intensity of vorticity and entrainment but also that of downdrafts and low-level convergence. The increase in vorticity tends to suppress precipitation. The increase in low-level convergence tends to enhance precipitation by generating more secondary clouds in a muptiple-cloud system simulated here. At high humidity, the effect of the increased vorticity on cloud-liquid mass and, thus, precipitation is outweighed by that of the increased low-level convergence. This leads to the precipitation enhancement induced by the increase in aerosol concentration. When humidity lowers to mid humidity, the effect of aerosol on low-level convergence still dominates that on entrainment, leading to the precipitation enhancement with the increased aerosol concentration. With the lowest humidity in the current work, the effect of aerosol on entrainment dominates that on low-level convergence, leading to the precipitation suppression with the increased aerosol concentration. Hence, there is not only a competition between the effect of evaporation on vorticity and that on low-level convergence at a given humidity level but also the variation of the competition with the varying humidity. This competition and variation are absent in a single-cloud system where the effect of low-level convergence on secondary clouds is absent. This exemplifies a difference in the mechanism which controls aerosol-precipitation interactions between a single-cloud system and a multiple-cloud system. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Lee, S S AD - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011/03/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 11 SP - 2179 EP - 2196 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Entrainment KW - Evaporation KW - Convergence KW - Atmospheric Chemistry KW - Aerosol concentration KW - Aerosols KW - Humidity KW - Precipitation KW - Cooling KW - Clouds KW - Precipitation suppression KW - Vorticity KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Evaporative cooling KW - Q2 09164:Ocean circulation and currents KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874180859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+aerosol-precipitation+interactions+on+humidity+in+a+multiple-cloud+system&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Atmospheric chemistry; Humidity; Clouds; Aerosol concentration; Precipitation suppression; Entrainment; Convergence; Vorticity; Precipitation; Evaporative cooling; Atmospheric Chemistry; Evaporation; Cooling ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 4 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131358; 14831-5_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 3 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131349; 14831-5_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences%2FJournal+Canadien+des+Sciences+Halieutiques+et+Aquatiques&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-060 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 2 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131344; 14831-5_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 1 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131319; 14831-5_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 37 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873131032; 14830-4_0037 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 37 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 36 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873131021; 14830-4_0036 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 36 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 35 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873131003; 14830-4_0035 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 35 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2010.04.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 34 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130991; 14830-4_0034 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 34 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 33 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130979; 14830-4_0033 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 33 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 32 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130966; 14830-4_0032 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 32 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00273 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 31 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130954; 14830-4_0031 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 31 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 30 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130948; 14830-4_0030 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 30 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 29 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130937; 14830-4_0029 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 29 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=An+automated+ionization+chamber+for+secondary+radioactivity+standards&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.12.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 28 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130931; 14830-4_0028 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 28 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 27 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130921; 14830-4_0027 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 27 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 26 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130908; 14830-4_0026 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 26 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Development+of+secondary+standards+for+super%28223%29Ra&rft.au=Bergeron%2C+Denis+E%3BZimmerman%2C+Brian+E%3BCessna%2C+Jeffrey+T&rft.aulast=Bergeron&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.11.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 20 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130891; 14830-4_0020 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 20 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 19 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130879; 14830-4_0019 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 19 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 18 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130872; 14830-4_0018 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 18 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Results+of+an+international+comparison+of+super%2857%29Co&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+B+E%3BPalm%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.12.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 17 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130860; 14830-4_0017 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 17 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 16 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130850; 14830-4_0016 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 16 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 14 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130834; 14830-4_0014 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 14 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 13 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130809; 14830-4_0013 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 13 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 12 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873130788; 14830-4_0012 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 12 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 43 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129549; 14830-4_0043 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 43 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 15 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129477; 14830-4_0015 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 15 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 3 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129409; 14830-4_0003 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 2 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129368; 14830-4_0002 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 1 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873129333; 14830-4_0001 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 25 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128928; 14830-4_0025 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 25 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 24 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128911; 14830-4_0024 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 24 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 23 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128890; 14830-4_0023 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 23 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 22 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128879; 14830-4_0022 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 22 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 21 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128865; 14830-4_0021 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 21 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 5 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128847; 14830-4_0005 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Microscopy+and+Microanalysis+Meeting+%28M%26M+2010%29&rft.atitle=Low-Energy+EELS+of+Au+Nanoparticles&rft.au=Meier%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Microscopy+and+Microanalysis+Meeting+%28M%26M+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 4 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873128837; 14830-4_0004 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Vibrational+Spectroscopy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 8 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127812; 14830-4_0008 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 7 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127809; 14830-4_0007 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 7 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 6 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127805; 14830-4_0006 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 6 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 8 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127571; 14831-5_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 7 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127568; 14831-5_0007 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 6 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127564; 14831-5_0006 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 41 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127557; 14830-4_0041 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 41 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 40 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127548; 14830-4_0040 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 40 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 39 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127537; 14830-4_0039 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 39 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. [Part 5 of 8] T2 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127394; 14831-5_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 38 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127327; 14830-4_0038 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 38 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 11 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127319; 14830-4_0011 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 11 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 10 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127314; 14830-4_0010 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 10 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 9 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127307; 14830-4_0009 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 9 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 44 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127044; 14830-4_0044 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 44 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. [Part 42 of 44] T2 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 873127039; 14830-4_0042 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 42 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HARVEST SPECIFICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR THE 2011-2012 PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY AND AMENDMENT 16-5 TO THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN TO UPDATE EXISTING REBUILDING PLANS AND ADOPT A REBUILDING PLAN FOR PETRALE SOLE, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA. AN - 860869120; 14831 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of harvest specifications, including annual catch limits (ACLs), for calendar years 2011 and 2012 for species managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP), and management measures that constrain total fishing mortality to these ACLs or achieve other management objectives are proposed. Amendment 16-5 would: establish a new overfished species rebuilding plan for petrale sole, which was declared overfished on February 9, 2010; revise all seven of the existing rebuilding plans for overfished species; revise the default proxies used to estimate the overfished threshold and rebuilding threshold for flatfish species; and add a new default harvest control rule. Harvest specifications were developed consistent with the framework proposed under Amendment 23 to the FMP to meet new requirements in the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act regarding ACLs and accountability measures. Amendment 23, which the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) adopted concurrently with this action, was approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in December 2010 except for the removal of dusky and dwarf-red rockfish from the FMP. Also in December 2010, Amendment 16-5 was disapproved due to the lack of an adequate EIS to support decision making at that time. Harvest specifications include the overfishing limit, acceptable biological catch, and ACL for each managed stock or stock complex. The Council considered changes to the existing seven rebuilding plans based on new stock assessments and rebuilding analyses which revealed that for four of the overfished species, rebuilding is ahead of schedule. For canary rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, and yelloweye rockfish, the stock is not predicted to rebuild by current target year with at least a 50 percent probability. Five integrated action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS. The No Action Alternative represents the continuation of 2010 optimum yields and current management measures into the next biennial period. The Councils final preferred alternative (FPA) is consistent with current rebuilding policies, while Alternatives 1 and 2 generally propose more aggressive rebuilding strategies. Alternative 3, which was the Councils preliminary preferred alternative, contains the same harvest specifications as their FPA, except for darkblotched rockfish and the specification of annual catch targets for Pacific ocean perch and yelloweye under their FPA. The NMFS preferred alternative (Alternative 4) is a modified version of the Councils FPA that results in shorter rebuilding periods for yelloweye rockfish and cowcod. NMFS requested that the Council reconsider Amendment 16-5 for implementation of the 2012 specifications and management measures. Regulations for 2011 are being implemented through a series of emergency and final rules. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed harvest specifications would help prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, ensure conservation, facilitate long-term protection of essential fish habitats, and realize the full potential of the fishery resources. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Changes in catch could result in changes to the ecosystem's food web. Changes in location of catch and type of gear used could result in changes to the amount and kind of essential fish habitat impacted. Fishing community incomes would be impacted compared with the No Action Alternative, although reductions could be accommodated without causing severe disruption. Under the FPA, total 2011 shoreside revenues from groundfish deliveries to processors are projected to be $2.8 million lower than with No Action. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0573D, Volume 34, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 110075, 972 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Water KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Economic Assessments KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860869120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=HARVEST+SPECIFICATIONS+AND+MANAGEMENT+MEASURES+FOR+THE+2011-2012+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+AND+AMENDMENT+16-5+TO+THE+PACIFIC+COAST+GROUNDFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+TO+UPDATE+EXISTING+REBUILDING+PLANS+AND+ADOPT+A+REBUILDING+PLAN+FOR+PETRALE+SOLE%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF ALASKA NAVY TRAINING ACTIVITIES, ALASKA. AN - 860869114; 14830 AB - PURPOSE: Actions related to current, emerging, and future Navy training activities that occur during the summer in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are proposed. The training area consists of the GOA Temporary Maritime Activities Area (TMAA), over-land special use airspace (SUA) and air routes over the GOA and State of Alaska, and Army training lands. Collectively, these are referred to as the Alaska Training Areas (ATAs). Since the 1990s, the Navy has participated in a major exercise that involves Navy, Army, and Air Force participants reporting to a joint commander who coordinates the activities occurring over a maximum time period of 14 days during April through October. The TMAA is composed of 42,146 square nautical miles (nm) of surface and subsurface ocean training area and overlying airspace that includes the majority of warning area 612 (W-612). W-612 consists of about 2,256 square nm of airspace. The TMAA is situated south of Prince William Sound and east of Kodiak Island. The TMAAs northern boundary is located approximately 24 nm south of the shoreline of the Kenai Peninsula, which is the largest proximate landmass. The only other shoreline close to the TMAA is Montague Island, which is located 12 nm north of the TMAA. The inland Air Force SUA consists of 46,585 square nm of airspace and the Army training land consists of 2,624 square miles of land area. Three alternatives are analyzed in this final overseas EIS. The No Action Alternative would continue training activities of the same types as currently conducted. Alternative 1 would accommodate current activities and support an increase in training, as well as the inclusion of anti-submarine warfare activities to include the use of active sonar. Training required by force structure changes to be implemented for new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology as well as new classes of ships, submarines, and new types of aircraft are also proposed. In addition, specific training instrumentation enhancements would be implemented, to include development and use of a portable undersea tracking range which would require the temporary placement of seven electronics packages on the sea floor, each three feet long by two feet in diameter. The electronic packages would be placed in water depths greater than 600 feet and at least three nm from land. Under Alternative 2, which is the preferred alternative, training activities would be increased to: include the use of active sonar; accommodate force structure changes involving new platforms, weapon systems, and training enhancement instrumentation; and conduct one additional Carrier Strike Group exercise during April through October, annually. In addition, a maximum of two Sinking Exercises (SINKEXs) within the TMAA are proposed. During a SINKEX, a decommissioned surface ship would be towed to a deep-water location at least 50 nm offshore and sunk using a variety of ordnance. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Establishing and executing training programs, including at-sea exercises, and ensuring naval forces have access to the ranges, operating areas, and airspace needed to develop and maintain skills for conducting naval activities would demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the services to carry out plans in response to a national security threat. Alternative 2 would allow the greatest flexibility for Navy exercise planners to benefit from the unique joint training environment in the ATA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the action alternatives, air pollutant emissions and weight of expended materials, including hazardous materials, would increase substantially. SINKEX training would result in 70,000 pounds per year of expended material with one percent considered hazardous. Overflights, ordnance, and sonar could affect marine mammals. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0357D, Volume 33, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 110074, Final EIS--804 pages, Appendices--906 pages, March 11, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Emissions KW - Hazardous Wastes KW - Marine Mammals KW - Military Operations (Air Force) KW - Military Operations (Army) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860869114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.title=GULF+OF+ALASKA+NAVY+TRAINING+ACTIVITIES%2C+ALASKA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 11, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupled quantized mechanical oscillators AN - 1753516758; 14527641 AB - The harmonic oscillator is one of the simplest physical systems but also one of the most fundamental. It is ubiquitous in nature, often serving as an approximation for a more complicated system or as a building block in larger models. Realizations of harmonic oscillators in the quantum regime include electromagnetic fields in a cavity and the mechanical modes of a trapped atom or macroscopic solid. Quantized interaction between two motional modes of an individual trapped ion has been achieved by coupling through optical fields, and entangled motion of two ions in separate locations has been accomplished indirectly through their internal states. However, direct controllable coupling between quantized mechanical oscillators held in separate locations has not been realized previously. Here we implement such coupling through the mutual Coulomb interaction of two ions held in trapping potentials separated by 40 mu m (similar work is reported in a related paper). By tuning the confining wells into resonance, energy is exchanged between the ions at the quantum level, establishing that direct coherent motional coupling is possible for separately trapped ions. The system demonstrates a building block for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. More broadly, this work is a natural precursor to experiments in hybrid quantum systems, such as coupling a trapped ion to a quantized macroscopic mechanical or electrical oscillator. JF - Nature AU - Brown, K R AU - Ospelkaus, C AU - Colombe, Y AU - Wilson, A C AU - Leibfried, D AU - Wineland, D J AD - Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Y1 - 2011/03/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 10 SP - 196 EP - 199 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 471 IS - 7337 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Computer and Information Systems Abstracts (CI); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Joining KW - Mechanical oscillators KW - Blocking KW - Tuning KW - Motional KW - Trapping KW - Harmonic oscillators KW - Confining KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753516758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Coupled+quantized+mechanical+oscillators&rft.au=Brown%2C+K+R%3BOspelkaus%2C+C%3BColombe%2C+Y%3BWilson%2C+A+C%3BLeibfried%2C+D%3BWineland%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.volume=471&rft.issue=7337&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature09721 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09721 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Circuit cavity electromechanics in the strong-coupling regime AN - 1038281997; 14527659 AB - Demonstrating and exploiting the quantum nature of macroscopic mechanical objects would help us to investigate directly the limitations of quantum-based measurements and quantum information protocols, as well as to test long-standing questions about macroscopic quantum coherence. Central to this effort is the necessity of long-lived mechanical states. Previous efforts have witnessed quantum behaviour, but for a low-quality-factor mechanical system. The field of cavity optomechanics and electromechanics, in which a high-quality-factor mechanical oscillator is parametrically coupled to an electromagnetic cavity resonance, provides a practical architecture for cooling, manipulation and detection of motion at the quantum level. One requirement is strong coupling, in which the interaction between the two systems is faster than the dissipation of energy from either system. Here, by incorporating a free-standing, flexible aluminium membrane into a lumped-element superconducting resonant cavity, we have increased the single-photon coupling strength between these two systems by more than two orders of magnitude, compared to previously obtained coupling strengths. A parametric drive tone at the difference frequency between the mechanical oscillator and the cavity resonance dramatically increases the overall coupling strength, allowing us to completely enter the quantum-enabled, strong-coupling regime. This is evidenced by a maximum normal-mode splitting of nearly six bare cavity linewidths. Spectroscopic measurements of these 'dressed states' are in excellent quantitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The basic circuit architecture presented here provides a feasible path to ground-state cooling and subsequent coherent control and measurement of long-lived quantum states of mechanical motion. JF - Nature AU - Teufel, J D AU - Li, Dale AU - Allman AU - Cicak, K AU - Sirois, A J AU - Whittaker, J D AU - Simmonds, R W AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Y1 - 2011/03/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 10 SP - 204 EP - 208 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 471 IS - 7337 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Computer and Information Systems Abstracts (CI); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN); Aluminium Industry Abstracts (AI) KW - Architecture KW - Circuits KW - Coherence KW - Cooling KW - Holes KW - Joining KW - Mechanical oscillators KW - Strength KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038281997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Circuit+cavity+electromechanics+in+the+strong-coupling+regime&rft.au=Teufel%2C+J+D%3BLi%2C+Dale%3BAllman%3BCicak%2C+K%3BSirois%2C+A+J%3BWhittaker%2C+J+D%3BSimmonds%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Teufel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.volume=471&rft.issue=7337&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature09898 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09898 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Associations of Perfluorochemicals (PFCS) with Immune, Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Bottlenose Dolphins T2 - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AN - 1312964431; 6046093 JF - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AU - Fair, P AU - Romano, T AU - Hulsey, T AU - Reif, J AU - Bossart, G AU - Adams, J AU - Houde, M AU - Muir, D AU - Rice, C AU - Margie, P Y1 - 2011/03/06/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 06 KW - Hematology KW - dolphins KW - Biochemistry KW - perfluorochemicals KW - Marine mammals KW - Cetacea UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312964431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.atitle=Associations+of+Perfluorochemicals+%28PFCS%29+with+Immune%2C+Biochemical+and+Hematological+Parameters+in+Bottlenose+Dolphins&rft.au=Fair%2C+P%3BRomano%2C+T%3BHulsey%2C+T%3BReif%2C+J%3BBossart%2C+G%3BAdams%2C+J%3BHoude%2C+M%3BMuir%2C+D%3BRice%2C+C%3BMargie%2C+P&rft.aulast=Fair&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/Toxicologist11.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 5 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130426; 14815-9_0005 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 4 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130403; 14815-9_0004 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 3 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130364; 14815-9_0003 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 2 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873130342; 14815-9_0002 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. [Part 1 of 5] T2 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 873127714; 14815-9_0001 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=SABINE-NECHES+WATERWAY+CHANNEL+IMPROVEMENT+PROJECT%2C+SOUTHEAST+TEXAS+AND+SOUTHWEST+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA. AN - 16386688; 14815 AB - PURPOSE: Improvements to the Sabine-Neches Waterway (SNWW), including modifications of the channels serving the ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange, Texas, are proposed. The SNWW is located on the upper Texas Gulf Coast in Jefferson and Orange counties, Texas and Cameron and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The 64-mile-long channel begins offshore, follows the west side of Sabine Lake and terminates just upstream of the Beaumont turning basin on the Neches River. Sixty percent of the SNWW tonnage total is comprised of deep draft movements, the vast majority of which are shipments of crude petroleum or petroleum/chemical products in and out of 20 waterfront facilities in Port Arthur and 27 facilities in Beaumont. SNWW's crude petroleum imports represent four percent of the US total. The existing SNWW navigation channel is congested and its 40-foot project depth was designed for smaller vessels than are being used today. A No Action Alternative and six structural alternatives are evaluated in detail in this final EIS. Alternatives A through F would deepen the SNWW to 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 feet, respectively. The preferred alternative (Alternative D) would: 1) deepen the SNWW to Beaumont to 48 feet; 2) extend the Sabine Bank Channel an additional 13.2 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; 3) taper the Sabine Bank Channel from 800 feet wide to 700 feet wide through the end of the Sabine Bank Channel extension; 4) deepen and widen Taylor Bayou channels and turning basins; and 5) construct three new anchorage/turning basins on the Neches River. Dredged material produced by construction and during maintenance dredging over the 50-year period of analysis would be managed in accordance with a plan that includes 16 existing upland placement areas, four existing and four new ocean dredged material disposal sites (ODMDSs), and beneficial use features. Construction and maintenance dredging are projected to yield 98 million cubic yards and 650 million cubic yards of material, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the channel improvement project would improve the transportation efficiency of the SNWW's deep-draft navigation system and support industry at critical ports. Dredged material would be used beneficially to restore wetlands within the study area's 480 square miles of sensitive coastal habitats. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Dredging activities, new ODMDSs, and marsh restoration would result in temporary impacts to water quality and benthic organisms and habitat. A small increase in salinity over 35,600 acres of fresh marsh and 804 acres of swamps in Texas and Louisiana and over large areas of estuarine marsh habitat (over 22,200 acres in Texas and 153,000 acres in Louisiana) would reduce biological productivity. An upland confined placement area would convert 86 acres of wetlands. New work dredging would likely adversely affect, but not likely jeopardize the continued existence of, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and green sea turtles. Impacts to shoreline birds and their habitat could result from the placement of maintenance material on the Gulf shoreline. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1412 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0176D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110059, Volume I: Final Feasibility Report--743 pages and maps, Volume II: Final EIS--552 pages, Volumes III and IV: Appendices--1,400 pages, March 4, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Borrow Pits KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Disposal KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Hydrology KW - Navigation KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Salinity KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Shores KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Waterways KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Neches River KW - Texas KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Section 102 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16386688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Galveston, Texas; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 4, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glaciotectonic deformation associated with the Orient Point-Fishers Island Moraine, westernmost Block Island Sound AN - 959093680; 2012-032721 AB - Late Wisconsinan end moraines are prominent physiographic features across southern New England. They form linear ridges of composed of stratified and unstratified drift that stretch for tens of kilometers, comprise much of the coastal islands, and are exposed as bouldery lag deposits on the intervening sea floor. Although there is general agreement that the Late Wisconsinan terminal moraine was largely emplaced by glaciotectonic processes, there is much less agreement on the modes of formation for the coastal recessional moraines. Some authors interpret them to be products of stagnation-zone retreat, others contend that they are of glaciotectonic origin. Chirp high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles were acquired aboard the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson during hydrographic survey H11250 in westernmost Block Island Sound. These profiles, collected across pro-glacial outwash deposits adjacent to the 18-19 kyBP Orient Point - Fishers Island end moraine segment, reveal extensive deformation. A rhythmic seismic signature indicates the host outwash deposits are composed of fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. The deformation is variably brittle and ductile, but is always compressional in nature. Brittle deformation includes numerous thrust faults whose strikes roughly parallel that of the moraine. These faults, which extend over 1.3 km in front of the moraine, are limited to the upper 21 m of section and have vertical and horizontal offsets that exceed 7 m and 35 m, respectively. Ductile deformation includes folded sediments that overlie relatively flat-lying, undisturbed deposits, showing that they are not draped features. Other seismic evidence for compression along the ice front consists of outwash strata that dip toward the moraine and angular unconformities on the sea floor that suggest the deformed sediments originally extended above surrounding undisturbed correlative strata. Together these ice-marginal glaciotectonic features suggest that the Orient Point - Fishers Island recessional end moraine marks a significant readvance of the Laurentide ice sheet. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Poppe, L J AU - Oldale, R N AU - Foster, D S AU - Smith, S M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 130 EP - 131 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - glaciotectonics KW - Quaternary KW - geophysical surveys KW - geophysical methods KW - reflection methods KW - Wisconsinan KW - seismic methods KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Fishers Island Moraine KW - Cenozoic KW - Orient Point KW - moraines KW - surveys KW - Pleistocene KW - glacial geology KW - Block Island Sound KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959093680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 46th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 45th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; Block Island Sound; Cenozoic; Fishers Island Moraine; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; glacial geology; glaciotectonics; moraines; North Atlantic; Orient Point; Pleistocene; Quaternary; reflection methods; seismic methods; surveys; upper Pleistocene; Wisconsinan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soviet Illegal Whaling: The Devil and the Details AN - 926886687; 16400615 AB - In 1948, the U.S.S.R. began a global campaign of illegal whaling that lasted for three decades and, together with the poorly managed "legal" whaling of other nations, seriously depleted whale populations. Although the general story of this whaling has been told and the catch record largely corrected for the Southern Hemisphere, major gaps remain in the North Pacific. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to the details of this system or its economic context. Using interviews with former Soviet whalers and biologists as well as previously unavailable reports and other material in Russian, our objective is to describe how the Soviet whaling industry was structured and how it worked, from the largest scale of state industrial planning down to the daily details of the ways in which whales were caught and processed, and how data sent to the Bureau of International Whaling Statistics were falsified. Soviet whaling began with the factory ship Aleut in 1933, but by 1963 the industry had a truly global reach, with seven factory fleets (some very large). Catches were driven by a state planning system that set annual production targets. The system gave bonuses and honors only when these were met or exceeded, and it frequently increased the following year's targets to match the previous year's production; scientific estimates of the sustainability of the resource were largely ignored. Inevitably, this system led to whale populations being rapidly reduced. Furthermore, productivity was measured in gross output (weights of whales caught), regardless of whether carcasses were sound or rotten, or whether much of the animal was unutilized. Whaling fleets employed numerous people, including women (in one case as the captain of a catcher boat). Because of relatively high salaries and the potential for bonuses, positions in the whaling industry were much sought-after. Catching and processing of whales was highly mechanized and became increasingly efficient as the industry gained more experience. In a single day, the largest factory ships could process up to 200 small sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus; 100 humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae; or 30-35 pygmy blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda. However, processing of many animals involved nothing more than stripping the carcass of blubber and then discarding the rest. Until 1952, the main product was whale oil; only later was baleen whale meat regularly utilized. Falsified data on catches were routinely submitted to the Bureau of International Whaling Statistics, but the true catch and biological data were preserved for research and administrative purposes. National inspectors were present at most times, but, with occasional exceptions, they worked primarily to assist fulfillment of plan targets and routinely ignored the illegal nature of many catches. In all, during 40 years of whaling in the Antarctic, the U.S.S.R. reported 185,778 whales taken but at least 338,336 were actually killed. Data for the North Pacific are currently incomplete, but from provisional data we estimate that at least 30,000 whales were killed illegally in this ocean. Overall, we judge that, worldwide, the U.S.S.R. killed approximately 180,000 whales illegally and caused a number of population crashes. Finally, we note that Soviet illegal catches continued after 1972 despite the presence of international observers on factory fleets. JF - Marine Fisheries Review AU - Ivashchenko, Y V AU - Clapham, P J AU - Brownell, RL Jr AD - National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA, yulia.ivashchenko@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 1 EP - 19 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0090-1830, 0090-1830 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Factory ships KW - Whaling statistics KW - whaling KW - Sustainable development KW - Physeter catodon KW - Oil KW - Factories KW - Boats KW - Carcasses KW - IN, North Pacific KW - blubber KW - Fishery management KW - Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda KW - Economics KW - Sound KW - Regional planning KW - Whaling KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Sustainability KW - Catches KW - Meat KW - Oceans KW - Reviews KW - Marine mammals KW - Cetacea KW - Whales KW - Legislation KW - National planning KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926886687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Fisheries+Review&rft.atitle=Soviet+Illegal+Whaling%3A+The+Devil+and+the+Details&rft.au=Ivashchenko%2C+Y+V%3BClapham%2C+P+J%3BBrownell%2C+RL+Jr&rft.aulast=Ivashchenko&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Fisheries+Review&rft.issn=00901830&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Whaling statistics; Factory ships; Carcasses; Fishery management; Marine mammals; Sustainable development; Regional planning; National planning; Legislation; Whaling; Oil; Meat; Boats; Statistics; Data processing; blubber; Reviews; Oceans; Economics; Sound; Ships; Factories; whaling; Sustainability; Whales; Catches; Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda; Megaptera novaeangliae; Cetacea; Physeter catodon; IN, North Pacific; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The rocky road from research to operations for satellite ocean-colour data in fishery management AN - 920804321; 16180268 AB - Wilson, C. 2011. The rocky road from research to operations for satellite ocean-colour data in fishery management. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 677-686.The aim of the SAFARI project is to accelerate the assimilation of earth-observation data into fisheries research and management by facilitating the application of rapidly evolving satellite technology. This assumes that these data will be available in future. However, for ocean-colour data, that assumption may not hold because of possible gaps in data continuity. Of the many types of satellite data, ocean colour is the most important to fisheries, because it is the only biological measurement. However, current ocean-colour sensors are all operating beyond their planned design life, and there are potential problems with future launches. Although the research community is aware of the value of satellite ocean-colour data, advocacy from the operational community, fishery management in particular, has been lacking. In the United States, the absence of an easily identifiable operational need for ocean-colour data is largely responsible for the likely gap in data continuity. A range of current and potential operational uses of ocean-colour data, some reasons why these data have been underutilized in fishery management, and what can be done to mitigate them are discussed and outlined. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Wilson, Cara AD - Environmental Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1352 Lighthouse Ave., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA, cara.wilson@noaa.govcor1 Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 677 EP - 686 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - chlorophyll KW - fisheries KW - research to operations KW - satellite ocean colour KW - Marine KW - Resource management KW - Sensors KW - Remote sensing KW - fishery management KW - Satellites KW - Satellite sensing KW - USA KW - Currents KW - Potential resources KW - Fishery management KW - Oceans KW - Fisheries KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920804321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=The+rocky+road+from+research+to+operations+for+satellite+ocean-colour+data+in+fishery+management&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Cara&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq168 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite sensing; Resource management; Potential resources; Sensors; Fishery management; Remote sensing; Currents; Oceans; Fisheries; fishery management; Satellites; Technology; USA; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq168 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems AN - 920795386; 16180265 AB - Sherman, K., O'Reilly, J., Belkin, I. M., Melrose, C., and Friedland, K. D. 2011. The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 667-676.In 1992, world leaders at the historical UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) recognized that the exploitation of resources in coastal oceans was becoming increasingly unsustainable, resulting in an international effort to assess, recover, and manage goods and services of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). More than $3 billion in support to 110 economically developing nations have been dedicated to operationalizing a five-module approach supporting LME assessment and management practices. An important component of this effort focuses on the effects of climate change on fisheries biomass yields of LMEs, using satellite remote sensing and in situ sampling of key indicators of changing ecological conditions. Warming appears to be reducing primary productivity in the lower latitudes, where stratification of the water column has intensified. Fishery biomass yields in the Subpolar LMEs of the Northeast Atlantic are also increasing as zooplankton levels increase with warming. During the current period of climate warming, it is especially important for space agency programmes in Asia, Europe, and the United States to continue to provide satellite-borne radiometry data to the global networks of LME assessment scientists. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Sherman, Kenneth AU - O'Reilly, John AU - Belkin, Igor M AU - Melrose, Christopher AU - Friedland, Kevin D AD - 1 US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, ksherman@mola.na.nmfs.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 667 EP - 676 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - large marine ecosystems KW - primary productivity KW - satellite remote sensing KW - Marine fisheries KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Food organisms KW - Resource management KW - Remote sensing KW - Prey selection KW - Stratification KW - Biomass KW - Satellites KW - Primary production KW - Land use KW - marine ecosystems KW - USA KW - Fishery management KW - ANE, Europe KW - Oceans KW - Fisheries KW - INW, Asia KW - Developing countries KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08481:Productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920795386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=The+application+of+satellite+remote+sensing+for+assessing+productivity+in+relation+to+fisheries+yields+of+the+world%27s+large+marine+ecosystems&rft.au=Sherman%2C+Kenneth%3BO%27Reilly%2C+John%3BBelkin%2C+Igor+M%3BMelrose%2C+Christopher%3BFriedland%2C+Kevin+D&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq177 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Marine fisheries; Food organisms; Resource management; Fishery management; Remote sensing; Prey selection; Primary production; marine ecosystems; Oceans; Fisheries; Stratification; Biomass; Developing countries; Satellites; Land use; USA; ANE, Europe; INW, Asia; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq177 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) movement off the coast of Taiwan: characterization of a hotspot in the East China Sea and investigation of mesoscale eddies AN - 920795376; 16180261 AB - Kobayashi, D. R., Cheng, I-J., Parker, D. M., Polovina, J. J., Kamezaki, N., and Balazs, G. H. 2011. Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) movement off the coast of Taiwan: characterization of a hotspot in the East China Sea and investigation of mesoscale eddies. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 707-718. Satellite tags were attached to 34 non-reproductive loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) caught as bycatch in the Taiwanese coastal poundnet fishery from 2002 to 2008. Transmission durations ranged from 6 to 503 d (median 172 d), with 5860 d tracked in total. Horizontal track data were processed using the Bayesian state-space modelling to extract the most likely daily positions, taking into account ARGOS data quality and other forms of statistical error. A region of high occupancy in the East China Sea, covering 433 549 km super(2) of coastal and pelagic area next to Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea, was characterized from the tracking data. Various attributes of this hotspot are described using satellite tracks and remotely sensed data. The tracks were merged with oceanographic data, emphasizing a new global dataset characterizing mesoscale eddies from satellite altimetry data. A proximity-probability approach coupled with odds ratio testing was used to infer orientation to eddy features. Comparisons against random points, simulated particle tracks, and drifter buoys were used to demonstrate turtle differential responses to eddies inside and outside the hotspot, depending on eddy features (i.e. cyclonic vs. anticyclonic, edges vs. centres). Turtles inside the hotspot utilize fewer strong cyclonic eddy edges than those outside. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Kobayashi, Donald R AU - Cheng, I-Jiunn AU - Parker, Denise M AU - Polovina, Jeffrey J AU - Kamezaki, Naoki AU - Balazs, George H AD - 1 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, donald.kobayashi@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 707 EP - 718 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Caretta caretta KW - East China Sea KW - habitat KW - loggerhead turtle KW - mesoscale eddies KW - movement KW - pelagic behaviour KW - satellite tags KW - INW, Japan KW - hot spots KW - satellite altimetry KW - Hot spots KW - marine sciences KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Statistical analysis KW - Remote sensing KW - Particulates KW - Coastal morphology KW - Fisheries KW - Korea, Rep. KW - Buoys KW - Marine KW - turtles KW - Oceanic eddies KW - Satellites KW - Mesoscale eddies KW - Tracking KW - Coastal zone KW - ISEW, Taiwan KW - INW, Donghai Sea KW - Mortality causes KW - Oceanographic data KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - M2 551.508:Instruments (551.508) KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920795376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Loggerhead+turtle+%28Caretta+caretta%29+movement+off+the+coast+of+Taiwan%3A+characterization+of+a+hotspot+in+the+East+China+Sea+and+investigation+of+mesoscale+eddies&rft.au=Kobayashi%2C+Donald+R%3BCheng%2C+I-Jiunn%3BParker%2C+Denise+M%3BPolovina%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BKamezaki%2C+Naoki%3BBalazs%2C+George+H&rft.aulast=Kobayashi&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hot spots; Coastal morphology; Aquatic reptiles; Oceanic eddies; Mortality causes; Tracking; Mesoscale eddies; Oceanographic data; Fisheries; Remote sensing; Statistical analysis; Buoys; hot spots; satellite altimetry; Coastal zone; marine sciences; turtles; Particulates; Satellites; Caretta caretta; INW, Japan; ISEW, Taiwan; INW, Donghai Sea; Korea, Rep.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq185 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catch-at-age assessment in the face of time-varying selectivity AN - 920789322; 16180237 AB - Linton, B. C., and Bence, J. R. 2011. Catch-at-age assessment in the face of time-varying selectivity. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: .Age-based fishery selectivity represents the relative vulnerability of specific ages of fish to a fishery, whereby age classes that are highly selected tend to be overrepresented in the catch compared with their relative abundance in the population. Statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) results can be sensitive to misspecification of selectivity, which can occur when changes in selectivity over time are not accounted for properly in the assessment model. Four approaches for modelling time-varying selectivity were evaluated within SCAA using Monte Carlo simulations: double-logistic functions with one, two, and all four of the function parameters varying over time, and age-specific selectivity parameters that all varied over time. None of these estimation approaches outperformed the others always. In addition, methods of model selection were compared to identify good estimation models, i.e. those accurately matching the true fish population. The degree of retrospectivity, the best selection method, was based on a retrospective analysis of errors in model estimates as the data time-series for estimation is sequentially shortened. This selection method performed about as well as knowing the correct selectivity model and led to substantial benefits over misspecifying the selectivity model. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Linton, Brian C AU - Bence, James R AD - 1 NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149, USA, brian.linton@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 611 EP - 625 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - age-structured stock assessment KW - model selection KW - time-varying selectivity KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Marine KW - Age KW - Abundance KW - Stock assessment KW - Year class KW - Statistical analysis KW - Relative abundance KW - Time series analysis KW - Fisheries KW - Fish KW - Vulnerability KW - Marine sciences KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920789322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Catch-at-age+assessment+in+the+face+of+time-varying+selectivity&rft.au=Linton%2C+Brian+C%3BBence%2C+James+R&rft.aulast=Linton&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq173 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stock assessment; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Year class; Vulnerability; Monte Carlo simulation; Age; Fisheries; Relative abundance; Fish; Time series analysis; Marine sciences; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq173 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seismic monitoroing component of the UNESCO IOC tsunami and other coastal hazards warning system for the Caribbean and adjacent regions (Caribe EWS) AN - 911677673; 2012-006823 JF - Seismological Research Letters AU - Von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C G AU - Nieves, A M AU - Magnani, M Beatrice AU - Langston, Chuck Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 357 PB - Seismological Society of America, El Cerrito, CA VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0895-0695, 0895-0695 KW - tsunamis KW - programs KW - technology KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - Caribbean region KW - warning systems KW - seismicity KW - seismic risk KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - earthquakes KW - instruments KW - 19:Seismology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911677673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Seismological Society of America 2011 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Caribbean region; earthquakes; geologic hazards; instruments; monitoring; natural hazards; programs; risk assessment; seismic risk; seismicity; technology; tsunamis; warning systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status and Trend of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in Glacier Bay, Alaska AN - 902374072; 15892261 AB - We conducted standardized surveys for marine birds in Glacier Bay in seven years between 1991 and 2008. From our most recent survey, a combination of line- and strip-transect methods completed in 2008, we estimated that 4981 (95% CI 1293-8670) Kittlitz's Murrelets Brachyramphus brevirostris resided in Glacier Bay during the month of June, together with 12 195 (5607-18 783) Marbled Murrelets B. marmoratus. When counts were prorated to assign unidentified Brachyramphus murrelets to species, population estimates increased to 5641 Kittlitz's Murrelets and 13 810 Marbled Murrelets. Our surveys of bird numbers in Glacier Bay between 1991 and 2008 revealed that Kittlitz's Murrelet declined by greater than or equal to 85% during this period. Trend analysis suggested a rate of decline between -10.7% and -14.4% per year. No direct human impacts (e.g., bycatch, oil pollution, vessel disturbance) in our study area could fully account for a decline of this magnitude. Widespread declines of Brachyramphus murrelets and Harbor Seals Phoca vitulina in the Gulf of Alaska during the 1980s-1990s suggest large-scale influences on these marine predators, perhaps related to climate-mediated cycles in food supply. Other natural factors that may impact Glacier Bay populations include predation by avian and terrestrial predators, widespread glacial retreat and its effect on nesting and foraging habitats, and competition for food with marine predators whose abundance in Glacier Bay has increased markedly in recent years (Humpback Whales Megaptera novaeangliae and Steller Sea Lions Eumetopias jubatus). JF - Marine Ornithology AU - Piatt, J F AU - Arimitsu, M AU - Drew, G AU - Madison, EN AU - Bodkin, J AU - Romano, MD AD - NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resource Division, 1201 Lloyd Boulevard, Suite 1100, Portland, Oregon, 97232, USA, jpiatt@usgs.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 65 EP - 75 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 1018-3337, 1018-3337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Glaciers KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Glacier Bay KW - seals KW - Phoca vitulina KW - Oil pollution KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Brachyramphus KW - Eumetopias jubatus KW - Food supply KW - Ornithology KW - Population characteristics KW - Climate KW - glaciers KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - predators KW - Aves KW - Animal morphology KW - Foraging behaviour KW - By catch KW - Marine mammals KW - Brachyramphus brevirostris KW - Human factors KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf KW - competition KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q1 08362:Geographical distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902374072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Status+and+Trend+of+the+Kittlitz%27s+Murrelet+Brachyramphus+brevirostris+in+Glacier+Bay%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Piatt%2C+J+F%3BArimitsu%2C+M%3BDrew%2C+G%3BMadison%2C+EN%3BBodkin%2C+J%3BRomano%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Piatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ornithology&rft.issn=10183337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; By catch; Foraging behaviour; Animal morphology; Population characteristics; Ornithology; Marine mammals; Glaciers; Oil pollution; Aves; seals; Food supply; Climate; glaciers; Human factors; competition; predators; Eumetopias jubatus; Brachyramphus; Phoca vitulina; Brachyramphus brevirostris; Megaptera novaeangliae; INE, USA, Alaska, Glacier Bay; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of Weather Patterns and Associated Trajectories of High-Ozone Episodes in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Area during the 2005/06 TexAQS-II AN - 902340658; 15791953 AB - The 850-hPa synoptic flow patterns over eastern Texas and adjacent states during the 2005/06 Second Texas Air Quality Studies (TexAQS-II) period were classified into six groups using a two-stage clustering method. This study identifies synoptic weather patterns that are conducive to creating high-ozone events and reveals potential emission source regions leading to ozone exceedances through backward trajectory analysis. Clusters with dominant southerly synoptic flows and higher average wind speeds (C1 and C2 clusters) were related to low mean daytime ozone levels. Easterly (C3) and northerly (C5) clusters showed a higher probability to exceed the 8-h ozone standard than the other clusters. The dry and sunny postfrontal days with weak northerly or easterly weather patterns were often associated with ozone exceedances in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) area during September 2006. The majority of backward trajectories on ozone episode days were from the east, which brought polluted air from the Houston Ship Channel resulting in high ozone in the southwestern part of the metropolitan area. The shifting trajectories of the C3 and C5 weather patterns were associated with surface wind turning from weak northerly to southeasterly/southerly because of the development of bay/sea breeze. Pollutants were shifting inside the metropolitan area and high ozone built up in the afternoon or early evening. A small portion of trajectories of C3 and C5 that caused high ozone passed over a short distance from the south of Houston, picking up emissions from the industries along the coast. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Ngan, Fong AU - Byun, Daewon AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 485 EP - 499 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts KW - Surface winds KW - Air quality KW - Wind speed KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - Classification KW - Pollutants KW - Emissions KW - Ozone standards KW - Climatology KW - Coastal inlets KW - metropolitan areas KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Ozone episodes KW - Ozone KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Climate KW - Velocity KW - Coastal waters KW - Air pollution KW - Sea breezes KW - classification KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902340658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+Weather+Patterns+and+Associated+Trajectories+of+High-Ozone+Episodes+in+the+Houston-Galveston-Brazoria+Area+during+the+2005%2F06+TexAQS-II&rft.au=Ngan%2C+Fong%3BByun%2C+Daewon&rft.aulast=Ngan&rft.aufirst=Fong&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAMC2483.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Air pollution; Sea breezes; Pollutants; Classification; Coastal inlets; Climatology; Coastal waters; Ozone; Surface winds; Ozone in troposphere; Atmospheric pollution; Ozone standards; Air quality; Ozone episodes; Weather; classification; Climate; Emissions; Velocity; metropolitan areas; ASW, USA, Texas; USA, Texas, Houston; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2483.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling and prediction of malaria vector distribution in Bangladesh from remote-sensing data AN - 899138649; 15146059 AB - Epidemic malaria cases and satellite-based vegetation health (VH) indices were investigated to be used as predictors of malaria vector activities in Bangladesh. The VH indices were derived from radiances, measured by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) afternoon polar orbiting satellites. Two indices characterizing moisture and thermal conditions were investigated using correlation and regression analysis applied to the number of malaria cases recorded in the entire Bangladesh region and three administrative divisions (Chittagong, Sylhet and Dhaka) during 1992-2001. It is shown that during the cooler months (November to March), when mosquitoes are less active, the correlation between number of malaria cases and two investigated indices was near zero. From April, when the mosquito activity season starts, the correlation increased, reaching a maximum value of 0.5-0.8 by the middle of the high season (June to July), reducing thereafter to zero by the beginning of the cool season in November. Following these results, regressional equations for the number of malaria cases as a function of VH indices were built and tested independently. They showed that, in the main malaria administrative division (Chittagong) and the entire Bangladesh region, the regressional equations can be used for early prediction of malaria development. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Rahman, A AU - Kogan, F AU - Roytman, L AU - Goldberg, M AU - Guo, W AD - NOAA-CREST, the City College of New York, New York, NY, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Temperature effects KW - ISW, Bangladesh KW - Human diseases KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Epidemics KW - ISW, Bangladesh, Chittagong KW - Remote sensing KW - Vectors KW - Vegetation KW - Malaria KW - Hosts KW - Satellites KW - Public health KW - Disease transmission KW - Regression analysis KW - Aquatic insects KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899138649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Modelling+and+prediction+of+malaria+vector+distribution+in+Bangladesh+from+remote-sensing+data&rft.au=Rahman%2C+A%3BKogan%2C+F%3BRoytman%2C+L%3BGoldberg%2C+M%3BGuo%2C+W&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431160903527447 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a935243449~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Human diseases; Epidemics; Mathematical models; Malaria; Hosts; Aquatic insects; Disease transmission; Public health; Data processing; Regression analysis; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Vectors; Satellites; ISW, Bangladesh; ISW, Bangladesh, Chittagong DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160903527447 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIPA Translation of the Fiscal Year 2012 Federal Budget AN - 896198444; 2011-123919 AB - This article presents the national income and product account (NIPA) estimates for fiscal years 2010, 2011, and 2012 that are more detailed than the comparable estimates shown in the budget, and it includes a presentation of projected quarterly estimates. These projections are used by BEA in the development of quarterly NIPA estimates of federal government transactions, including estimates of the federal government component of GDP. The estimates prepared for the budget year also allow data users to make more detailed analyses of the macroeconomic effects of the budget and provide economic forecasters with source data for their models. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Ludwick, Mark S AU - Cook, Andrea L Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 12 EP - 21 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Business and service sector - Accounting KW - Government - Forms of government KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Banking and public and private finance - Public finance KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - National income KW - Federal government KW - Economics KW - Macroeconomics KW - Budget, Government KW - Fiscal year KW - Budget KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896198444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=NIPA+Translation+of+the+Fiscal+Year+2012+Federal+Budget&rft.au=Ludwick%2C+Mark+S%3BCook%2C+Andrea+L&rft.aulast=Ludwick&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-03 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Budget; Federal government; Fiscal year; Economics; National income; Budget, Government; Macroeconomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of Juvenile Lobsters, Homarus americanus, on a Rock-Reef in Long Island Sound AN - 893264407; 14796381 AB - Movements of juvenile Homarus americanus (American Lobster; hereafter lobster) on and around a naturally occurring rock reef were monitored over a 3-year period. Lobsters were sampled with baited traps deployed at each often sites. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and number of lobsters collected per trap haul was calculated for each sampling event. Physical habitat, visually characterized by underwater video and diver observations, differed among sites. Lobster CPUE was significantly greater at rocky sites (>70% density of cobble and/or boulder) containing complex structure, vertical relief from the seafloor, and colonies of macroalgae, sponge, and hydroids. Lobster CPUE was highest from late June to mid-July. Lobsters ranged from 18 to 82 mm carapace length (CL), with 90.7% of tagged lobsters measuring between 30 to 60 mm CL. Relative lobster abundance remained similar over the course of the study. Catch data were kriged to illustrate spatial patterns of distribution. Over the study period, a total of 934 lobsters were tagged and 66 were recaptured, for an overall recapture rate of 7.1%. The majority of recaptured animals (88%) were found at the original tagging site or adjacent sites, with one lobster remaining at liberty for 397 days. Most juvenile lobsters showed fidelity to their initial site of capture on a small, relatively isolated patch of rock-reef habitat in the central basin of Long Island Sound. JF - Northeastern Naturalist AU - Mercaldo-Allen, Renee AU - Goldberg, Ronald AU - Clark, Paul E AU - Kuropat, Catherine A Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 45 EP - 60 PB - Humboldt Field Research Institute, PO Box 9 Steuben ME 04680-0009 USA VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1092-6194, 1092-6194 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Reefs KW - Juveniles KW - Data processing KW - ANW, USA, Long Island Sound KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Cobblestone KW - Basins KW - Habitat KW - Catch/effort KW - Fidelity KW - Colonies KW - Islands KW - Sound KW - Traps KW - Sampling KW - Tagging KW - Ocean floor KW - Homarus americanus KW - Marine crustaceans KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/893264407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Observations+of+Juvenile+Lobsters%2C+Homarus+americanus%2C+on+a+Rock-Reef+in+Long+Island+Sound&rft.au=Mercaldo-Allen%2C+Renee%3BGoldberg%2C+Ronald%3BClark%2C+Paul+E%3BKuropat%2C+Catherine+A&rft.aulast=Mercaldo-Allen&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northeastern+Naturalist&rft.issn=10926194&rft_id=info:doi/10.1656%2F045.018.0105 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Juveniles; Ecological distribution; Cobblestone; Tagging; Ocean floor; Catch/effort; Marine crustaceans; Reefs; Colonies; Fidelity; Data processing; Islands; Abundance; Sound; Basins; Traps; Sampling; Habitat; Homarus americanus; ANW, USA, Long Island Sound; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.018.0105 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tsunami total risk in the Caribbean and adjacent regions AN - 886910379; 2011-074859 JF - Florida Scientist AU - Maul, G A AU - Proenza, X W AU - von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 16 EP - 17 PB - Florida Academy of Sciences, Orlando, FL VL - 74 IS - Suppl. 1 SN - 0098-4590, 0098-4590 KW - tsunamis KW - protection KW - programs KW - geologic hazards KW - warning systems KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - Caribbean region KW - earthquakes KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/886910379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Scientist&rft.atitle=Tsunami+total+risk+in+the+Caribbean+and+adjacent+regions&rft.au=Maul%2C+G+A%3BProenza%2C+X+W%3Bvon+Hillebrandt-Andrade%2C+C&rft.aulast=Maul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=Suppl.+1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Scientist&rft.issn=00984590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 75th anniversary meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - FL N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - FLSCAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Caribbean region; earthquakes; geologic hazards; natural hazards; programs; protection; risk assessment; tsunamis; warning systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in the Selection of Global Climate Models for Regional Climate Projections: The Arctic as a Case Study AN - 883032857; 15294837 AB - Climate projections at regional scales are in increased demand from management agencies and other stakeholders. While global atmosphere-ocean climate models provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate at continental scales and above, individual model performance varies for different regions, variables, and evaluation metrics-a less than satisfying situation. Using the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere as a focus, the authors assess strategies for providing regional projections based on global climate models. Starting with a set of model results obtained from an "ensemble of opportunity," the core of this procedure is to retain a subset of models through comparisons of model simulations with observations at both continental and regional scales. The exercise is more one of model culling than model selection. The continental-scale evaluation is a check on the large-scale climate physics of the models, and the regional-scale evaluation emphasizes variables of ecological or societal relevance. An additional consideration is given to the comprehensiveness of processes included in the models. In many but not all applications, different results are obtained from a reduced set of models compared to relying on the simple mean of all available models. For example, in the Arctic the top-performing models tend to be more sensitive to greenhouse forcing than the poorer-performing models. Because of the mostly unexplained inconsistencies in model performance under different selection criteria, simple and transparent evaluation methods are favored. The use of a single model is not recommended. For some applications, no model may be able to provide a suitable regional projection. The use of model evaluation strategies, as opposed to relying on simple averages of ensembles of opportunity, should be part of future synthesis activities such as the upcoming Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Overland, James E AU - Wang, Muyin AU - Bond, Nicholas A AU - Walsh, John E AU - Kattsov, Vladimir M AU - Chapman, William L AD - NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, USA, james.e.overland@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1583 EP - 1597 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Regional models KW - Arctic KW - Climate models KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Model evaluation/performance KW - Climate change KW - Simulation KW - Regional climates KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - case studies KW - Global climate KW - Numerical simulations KW - Culling KW - greenhouses KW - stakeholders KW - Arctic ecology KW - Future climates KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - M2 551.581:Latitudinal Influences (551.581) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883032857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+the+Selection+of+Global+Climate+Models+for+Regional+Climate+Projections%3A+The+Arctic+as+a+Case+Study&rft.au=Overland%2C+James+E%3BWang%2C+Muyin%3BBond%2C+Nicholas+A%3BWalsh%2C+John+E%3BKattsov%2C+Vladimir+M%3BChapman%2C+William+L&rft.aulast=Overland&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Culling; Climate change; Modelling; Global climate; Climate models; Numerical simulations; Regional climates; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Arctic ecology; Future climates; case studies; greenhouses; Simulation; Polar environments; stakeholders; PN, Arctic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3462.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Annual Numbers of Atlantic Hurricanes Missing from the HURDAT Database (1878-1965) Using Ship Track Density AN - 883032573; 15294843 AB - This study assesses the impact of imperfect sampling in the presatellite era (between 1878 and 1965) on North Atlantic hurricane activity measures and on the long-term trends in those measures. The results indicate that a substantial upward adjustment of hurricane counts may be needed prior to 1965 to account for likely "missed" hurricanes due to sparse density of reporting ship traffic. After adjusting for the estimate of missed hurricanes in the basin, the long-term (1878-2008) trend in hurricane counts changes from significantly positive to no significant change (with a nominally negative trend). The adjusted hurricane count record is more strongly connected to the difference between main development region (MDR) sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical-mean SST than with MDR SST. These results do not support the hypothesis that the warming of the tropical North Atlantic due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions has caused Atlantic hurricane frequency to increase. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A AU - Knutson, Thomas R AD - NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA, gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1736 EP - 1746 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Hurricanes KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Databases KW - Ships KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Climate change KW - Temperature KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Basins KW - Greenhouse effect KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - traffic KW - Emissions KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Hurricane frequencies KW - Q2 09148:Palaeo-studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883032573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Estimating+Annual+Numbers+of+Atlantic+Hurricanes+Missing+from+the+HURDAT+Database+%281878-1965%29+Using+Ship+Track+Density&rft.au=Vecchi%2C+Gabriel+A%3BKnutson%2C+Thomas+R&rft.aulast=Vecchi&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1736&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3810.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ships; Hurricanes; Climate change; Anthropogenic factors; Greenhouse effect; Greenhouse gases; Sea surface temperatures; Hurricane frequencies; traffic; anthropogenic factors; Emissions; Temperature; Basins; AN, North Atlantic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3810.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal abundance and distribution of pelagic and demersal fishes in southeastern Alaska AN - 879476863; 14515020 AB - We quantified seasonal and interannual variability of pelagic and demersal fishes available to marine predators in southeastern Alaska focusing on prey of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Estimates of abundance were determined from echo integration mid-water trawl and demersal longline surveys. The dominant species were walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) (average biomass 9057t), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) (1715t), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) (1176t), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) (average catch rate 524kg per 1000 hooks), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) (177kg per 1000 hooks), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) (120kg per 1000 hooks), and sandpaper skate (Bathyraja interrupta) (26kg per 1000 hooks). Of these species, seasonal differences in species abundance were detected for walleye pollock (p =0.03), Pacific cod (p =0.001) and sablefish (p 350mm) pollock are pelagic species. Adult and juvenile pollock and hake were found in open water, while herring, young-of-the-year (<120mm) and the smallest juvenile pollock were found in bays. Herring of all ages concentrate in dense schools. Pollock and hake form scattered layers throughout open water with juvenile pollock shallower than adult pollock and adult pollock shallower than hake. Halibut, sablefish, skates, Pacific cod and arrowtooth flounder are demersal species; sablefish were deeper than the other demersal species. These seasonal and annual changes in prey availability affected prey selection of sea lions which shifted their diet in response. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Csepp, David J AU - Vollenweider, Johanna J AU - Sigler, Michael F AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801-8626, USA, Dave.Csepp@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 307 EP - 320 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 2-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - Food organisms KW - Age KW - Pelagic fisheries KW - Abundance KW - Predators KW - Merluccius productus KW - Anoplopoma fimbria KW - Marine fish KW - Integration KW - Flatfish fisheries KW - Fishery surveys KW - Prey KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Eumetopias jubatus KW - Clupea pallasii KW - Pleuronectiformes KW - Theragra chalcogramma KW - Bathyraja interrupta KW - Stock assessment KW - Demersal fisheries KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Biomass KW - Hippoglossus stenolepis KW - Gadus macrocephalus KW - Marine mammals KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08602:Surveying and prospecting KW - Q4 27790:Fish KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879476863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Seasonal+abundance+and+distribution+of+pelagic+and+demersal+fishes+in+southeastern+Alaska&rft.au=Csepp%2C+David+J%3BVollenweider%2C+Johanna+J%3BSigler%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Csepp&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2011.01.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Marine fish; Food organisms; Fishery surveys; Flatfish fisheries; Pelagic fisheries; Marine mammals; Stock assessment; Demersal fisheries; Diets; Integration; Age; Abundance; Predators; Biomass; Prey; Eumetopias jubatus; Theragra chalcogramma; Pleuronectiformes; Gadus macrocephalus; Clupea pallasii; Bathyraja interrupta; Merluccius productus; Hippoglossus stenolepis; Anoplopoma fimbria; INE, USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inbreeding effective population size and parentage analysis without parents AN - 879472962; 14400577 AB - An important use of genetic parentage analysis is the ability to directly calculate the number of offspring produced by each parent (ki) and hence effective population size, N sub(e). But what if parental genotypes are not available? In theory, given enough markers, it should be possible to reconstruct parental genotypes based entirely on a sample of progeny, and if so the vector of parental k sub(i) values. However, this would provide information only about parents that actually contributed offspring to the sample. How would ignoring the 'null' parents (those that produced no offspring) affect an estimate of N sub(e)? The surprising answer is that null parents have no effect at all. We show that: (i) The standard formula for inbreeding Ne can be rewritten so that it is a function only of sample size and capital sigma (k super(2) sub(i)); it is not necessary to know the total number of parents (N). This same relationship does not hold for variance N sub(e). (ii) This novel formula provides an unbiased estimate of N sub(e) even if only a subset of progeny is available, provided the parental contributions are accurately determined, in which case precision is also high compared to other single-sample estimators of N sub(e). (iii) It is not necessary to actually reconstruct parental genotypes; from a matrix of pairwise relationships (as can be estimated by some current software programs), it is possible to construct the vector of k sub(i) values and estimate N sub(e). The new method based on parentage analysis without parents (PwoP) can potentially be useful as a single-sample estimator of contemporary N sub(e), provided that either (i) relationships can be accurately determined, or (ii) capital sigma (k super(2) sub(i)) can be estimated directly. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - Waples, Robin S AU - Waples, Ryan K AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 162 EP - 171 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Progeny KW - Inbreeding KW - Genotypes KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879472962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Inbreeding+effective+population+size+and+parentage+analysis+without+parents&rft.au=Waples%2C+Robin+S%3BWaples%2C+Ryan+K&rft.aulast=Waples&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02942.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 4 N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; software; Inbreeding; Progeny; Genotypes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02942.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved detection and quantitation of norovirus from water AN - 872128556; 14363859 AB - Norovirus is associated commonly with human sewage and is responsible for numerous cases of waterborne and foodborne gastroenteritis every year. Assays using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) have been developed for norovirus, however, accurate detection and quantitation remain problematic owing to a lack of suitable positive controls. To improve enumeration of norovirus genomes from water, a synthetic norovirus genogroup II quantitation standard and competitive internal positive control were developed. The quantitation standard demonstrates identical amplification efficiency as wildtype norovirus and can be used as a viral surrogate in labs with restricted access to norovirus. The internal control quantifies sample inhibition, allowing for accurate quantitation of norovirus from complex environmental samples. Seawater samples spiked with sewage or bird guano were evaluated using the norovirus assay as part of a methods comparison study. Inhibition was detected in nine of 36 (25%) samples, two of which proved to be positive upon re-analysis. Results support the specificity of this assay for human-source (sewage) fecal contamination. Overall, use of this quantitation standard and internal control signify a great advance over traditional positive controls and suggest that molecular techniques for viral analysis could become standardized for routine water quality monitoring. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Gregory, Jason B AU - Webster, Laura F AU - Griffith, John F AU - Stewart, Jill R AD - NOAA National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412-9110, United States, jgregory@lacsd.org Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 38 EP - 45 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 172 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Guano KW - Contamination KW - Seawater KW - Food KW - Water quality KW - Marine environment KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Quantitation KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Norovirus KW - Water quality standards KW - Aves KW - Sewage KW - gastroenteritis KW - Standards KW - Gastroenteritis KW - V 22300:Methods KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872128556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Improved+detection+and+quantitation+of+norovirus+from+water&rft.au=Gregory%2C+Jason+B%3BWebster%2C+Laura+F%3BGriffith%2C+John+F%3BStewart%2C+Jill+R&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2010.12.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Guano; Contamination; Sewage; Marine environment; Food; Polymerase chain reaction; Gastroenteritis; Water quality; Quantitation; Environmental monitoring; Aves; Pollution monitoring; Fecal coliforms; Seawater; gastroenteritis; Standards; Water quality standards; Norovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.12.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional approach for mapping climatological snow-water-equivalent over the mountainous regions of the Western United States AN - 872122482; 2011-053779 AB - This paper presents that a simple regional regression-based approach with readily available geographic and meteorological parameters as predictors could be a viable method for mapping snow water equivalent (SWE) climatology in the mountainous areas of the western United States. Such climatological information is potentially useful for several hydrologic applications, including estimation of real-time SWE grids and calibration and evaluation of SWE estimates obtained from remote sensing or through various snow models. Regional delineation for the mountainous regions of the western United States was done through cluster analysis in consideration of the characteristics of seasonal snow pack accumulation and ablation processes. Various geographic and meteorological parameters were further investigated through stepwise regression as potential predictors of monthly changes in climatological SWE in each delineated region. In-situ measurements of SWE, obtained from the Natural Resources Conservation Service's Snow Telemetry network for the period from 1980 to 2004, were used to calibrate regional equations. The spatial and temporal resolution of the analysis was based on the resolution of available meteorological data--4 km and 1 month, respectively. For a monthly time step, the reliability of the SWE estimates did not significantly increase when the number of regions was more than five. The performance of the developed regional equations was evaluated via a jack-knife technique. The regional equations developed using monthly resolution and large regions provided reliable estimates for the majority of regions from October to March, but not in April, especially in the North Pacific and Southwest regions. Sub-regionalization, a finer time step for the analysis and/or inclusion of additional SWE predictor variables may increase the reliability of SWE climatological estimates for warmer months. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Mizukami, Naoki AU - Perica, Sanja AU - Hatch, David Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 72 EP - 82 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 400 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - ablation KW - mapping KW - calibration KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - cluster analysis KW - mountains KW - topography KW - Western U.S. KW - snow KW - meteorology KW - climate KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - telemetry KW - elevation KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - equations KW - regional KW - mathematical methods KW - solar radiation KW - seasonal variations KW - winds KW - Rocky Mountains KW - regression analysis KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872122482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Regional+approach+for+mapping+climatological+snow-water-equivalent+over+the+mountainous+regions+of+the+Western+United+States&rft.au=Mizukami%2C+Naoki%3BPerica%2C+Sanja%3BHatch%2C+David&rft.aulast=Mizukami&rft.aufirst=Naoki&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2011.01.019 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ablation; atmospheric precipitation; calibration; climate; cluster analysis; elevation; equations; hydrology; mapping; mathematical methods; meltwater; meteorology; mountains; North America; prediction; regional; regression analysis; Rocky Mountains; seasonal variations; snow; solar radiation; statistical analysis; surface water; telemetry; topography; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States; Western U.S.; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural change, productivity growth and industrial transformation in China AN - 870999058; 2011-85726 AB - China's industry has experienced robust growth under persistent structural reform since 1978. By estimating the stochastic frontier sectoral production function, we find that the TFP growth has exceeded the quantitative growth of inputs since 1992, but the contribution of productivity to output growth declines after 2001. Using a decomposition technique, we then find that the structural change has contributed to TFP and output growth substantially but also decreasingly over time. Empirical analysis reveals that the reforms in factor markets and industrial structure significantly account for the overall trend and the sectoral heterogeneity of factor allocative efficiency during the industrial transformation process. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.] JF - China Economic Review AU - Chen, Shiyi AU - Jefferson, Gary H AU - Zhang, Jun AD - China Center for Economic Studies (CCES), Fudan University, Shanghai, China shiyichen@fudan.edu Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 133 EP - 150 PB - Elsevier Ltd, The Netherlands VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 1043-951X, 1043-951X KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industrial management, production, and productivity KW - Business and service sector - Markets, marketing, and merchandising KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industry and industrial policy KW - Factor reallocation Structural change Productivity growth Industrial transformation KW - Production KW - Markets KW - Productivity KW - China (People's Republic) KW - Industry KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/870999058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Structural+change%2C+productivity+growth+and+industrial+transformation+in+China&rft.au=Chen%2C+Shiyi%3BJefferson%2C+Gary+H%3BZhang%2C+Jun&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Shiyi&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=China+Economic+Review&rft.issn=1043951X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chieco.2010.10.003 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China (People's Republic); Productivity; Markets; Production; Industry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2010.10.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation Education for Advancing Natural Resources Knowledge and Building Capacity for Volunteerism AN - 869593524; 14337374 AB - Natural resource agencies increasingly need to engage nontraditional stakeholders for public support and financial resources, especially considering a decline in traditional activities such as hunting and fishing. Conservation educators recognized this need, and they are creating new networks of outreach and service programs. The Michigan Conservation Stewards Program (CSP) was designed to reach new stakeholders for natural resource management as an adult conservation education and volunteerism program, similar in format to Master Naturalist programs. We observed these benefits of the CSP for learners and agencies: (1) increased ecological knowledge; (2) improved attitudes toward management practices and toward the natural resource agency; and (3) an initial corps of volunteers with specific conservation skills. This education program advanced knowledge and transformed volunteer capacity, producing detectable short-term positive impacts. An anticipated value of conservation education programs such as CSP will be long-term support from nontraditional stakeholders in natural resource management. JF - Society & Natural Resources AU - Van Den Berg, Heather A AU - Riley, Shawn J AU - Dann, Shari L AD - NOAA National Sea Grant College Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 205 EP - 220 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0894-1920, 0894-1920 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - adult conservation education KW - public support KW - stakeholders KW - volunteerism KW - Education KW - hunting KW - Conservation KW - fishing KW - natural resources management KW - attitudes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 04:Environmental Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869593524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+%26+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Conservation+Education+for+Advancing+Natural+Resources+Knowledge+and+Building+Capacity+for+Volunteerism&rft.au=Van+Den+Berg%2C+Heather+A%3BRiley%2C+Shawn+J%3BDann%2C+Shari+L&rft.aulast=Van+Den+Berg&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+%26+Natural+Resources&rft.issn=08941920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F08941920902960404 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; hunting; Conservation; fishing; stakeholders; natural resources management; attitudes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920902960404 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The increasing importance of marine recreational fishing in the US: Challenges for management AN - 869591703; 14515025 AB - Harvests from recreational fishing are increasingly as important as commercial harvest to populations of popularly fished marine recreational species. However, it has yet to be determined whether the increasing importance of recreational fishing is a general trend of marine fisheries in the US or whether such a trend is limited to only those species recognized as popular recreational fishes. 71% of marine species in the US have experienced an increase in the proportion of total harvest from the recreational sector during the time harvest data are available for both sectors. Species demonstrating an increase in the proportion of harvests by the recreational sector included those generally regarded as commercial, bait, and bycatch species, as well as those considered recreational species. Marine species categorized as overfished could not be predicted from either fishery characteristics or life history characteristics in a PCA analysis of available data for fished species in the US. Consequently, there appears to be little to predict vulnerability of populations to fishing efforts save that all fished species can be made vulnerable to overexploitation. Well-developed yield-based strategies, designed for commercial fisheries, are not likely to be effective in managing populations as the diverse recreational fishing sector continues to increase in its importance. Thus, new management strategies for US marine fisheries are needed. Some possible alternative strategies are discussed. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Ihde, Thomas F AU - Wilberg, Michael J AU - Loewensteiner, David A AU - Secor, David H AU - Miller, Thomas J AD - University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD 20688, USA, Tom.Ihde@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 268 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 2-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Bait KW - Fishing KW - Marine Fisheries KW - Commercial fishing KW - By catch KW - USA KW - Life history KW - Fish Management KW - Fishery management KW - History KW - Overexploitation KW - Fisheries KW - Fish KW - Baits KW - Fishing effort KW - Vulnerability KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08605:Sport fishing KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869591703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.atitle=Offshore+Tsunameter+Data+Analysis+%26amp%3B+Applications%3A+Detiding%2C+Quality+Control+%26amp%3B+Model+Validation&rft.au=Donoho%2C+Natalia%3BGill%2C+Stephen%3BGlebushko%2C+Katerina&rft.aulast=Donoho&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; By catch; Commercial fishing; Fishery management; Overexploitation; Fishing effort; Vulnerability; Bait; Life history; Data processing; Fisheries; Marine Fisheries; Fishing; Fish Management; History; Baits; Fish; USA; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.12.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulus-driven differentiation of marrow stromal cells in 3D scaffolds that is independent of myosin-based cytoskeletal tension AN - 864960384; 14363597 AB - Proliferation and differentiation of cells are known to be influenced by the physical properties of the extracellular environment. Previous studies examining biophysics underlying cell response to matrix stiffness utilized a two-dimensional (2D) culture format, which is not representative of the three-dimensional (3D) tissue environment in vivo. We report on the effect of 3D matrix modulus on human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) differentiation. hBMSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels of all modulus (300-fold modulus range, from 0.2aakPa to 59aakPa) in the absence of osteogenic differentiation supplements. This osteogenic differentiation was modulus-dependent and was enhanced in stiffer gels. Osteogenesis in these matrices required integrin-protein ligation since osteogenesis was inhibited by soluble Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate-Serine peptide, which blocks integrin receptors. Immunostained images revealed lack of well-defined actin filaments and microtubules in the encapsulated cells. Disruption of mechanosensing elements downstream of integrin binding that have been identified from 2D culture such as actin filaments, myosin II contraction, and RhoA kinase did not abrogate hBMSC material-driven osteogenic differentiation in 3D. These data show that increased hydrogel modulus enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in 3D scaffolds but that hBMSCs did not use the same mechanosensing pathways that have been identified in 2D culture. JF - Biomaterials AU - Parekh, Sapun H AU - Chatterjee, Kaushik AU - Lin-Gibson, Sheng AU - Moore, Nicole M AU - Cicerone, Marcus T AU - Young, Marian F AU - Simon, Carl G AD - Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg MD 20899-8543, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 2256 EP - 2264 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 32 IS - 9 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Actin KW - Biophysics KW - Bone marrow KW - Cell culture KW - Cell proliferation KW - Cytoskeleton KW - Data processing KW - Differentiation KW - Filaments KW - Integrins KW - Microtubules KW - Myosin KW - Osteogenesis KW - RhoA protein KW - hydrogels KW - scaffolds KW - stromal cells KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864960384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Modulus-driven+differentiation+of+marrow+stromal+cells+in+3D+scaffolds+that+is+independent+of+myosin-based+cytoskeletal+tension&rft.au=Parekh%2C+Sapun+H%3BChatterjee%2C+Kaushik%3BLin-Gibson%2C+Sheng%3BMoore%2C+Nicole+M%3BCicerone%2C+Marcus+T%3BYoung%2C+Marian+F%3BSimon%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Parekh&rft.aufirst=Sapun&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2010.11.065 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microtubules; Data processing; stromal cells; Bone marrow; Cell culture; scaffolds; Biophysics; RhoA protein; Cytoskeleton; Myosin; Differentiation; hydrogels; Integrins; Actin; Cell proliferation; Filaments; Osteogenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.065 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discovery and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha AN - 860397005; 14400586 AB - Molecular population genetics of non-model organisms has been dominated by the use of microsatellite loci over the last two decades. The availability of extensive genomic resources for many species is contributing to a transition to the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the study of many natural populations. Here we describe the discovery of a large number of SNPs in Chinook salmon, one of the world's most important fishery species, through large-scale Sanger sequencing of expressed sequence tag (EST) regions. More than 3Mb of sequence was collected in a survey of variation in almost 132kb of unique genic regions, from 225 separate ESTs, in a diverse ascertainment panel of 24 salmon. This survey yielded 117 TaqMan (5' nuclease) assays, almost all from separate ESTs, which were validated in population samples from five major stocks of salmon from the three largest basins on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States: the Sacramento, Klamath and Columbia Rivers. The proportion of these loci that was variable in each of these stocks ranged from 86.3% to 90.6% and the mean minor allele frequency ranged from 0.194 to 0.236. There was substantial differentiation between populations with these markers, with a mean FST estimate of 0.107, and values for individual loci ranging from 0 to 0.592. This substantial polymorphism and population-specific differentiation indicates that these markers will be broadly useful, including for both pedigree reconstruction and genetic stock identification applications. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - Clemento, A J AU - Abadia-Cardoso, A AU - Starks, Ha AU - Garza, J C AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 50 EP - 66 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pedigree KW - Allelles KW - Gene polymorphism KW - Anadromous species KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Nuclease KW - Basins KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Differentiation KW - Population genetics KW - INE, USA, Columbia Estuary KW - Fisheries KW - I, Pacific KW - Natural populations KW - genomics KW - Coasts KW - Rivers KW - Biological surveys KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Microsatellites KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Nucleotides KW - USA KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - Gene frequency KW - Stock identification KW - Q1 08443:Population genetics KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860397005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Discovery+and+characterization+of+single+nucleotide+polymorphisms+in+Chinook+salmon%2C+Oncorhynchus+tshawytscha&rft.au=Clemento%2C+A+J%3BAbadia-Cardoso%2C+A%3BStarks%2C+Ha%3BGarza%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Clemento&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02972.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Population genetics; Allelles; Nucleotide sequence; Anadromous species; Natural populations; Stock identification; Biopolymorphism; Nucleotides; Pedigree; Rivers; Gene polymorphism; Microsatellites; Basins; Nuclease; expressed sequence tags; Differentiation; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Fisheries; Gene frequency; genomics; Coasts; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA; INE, USA, Columbia Estuary; USA, California, Sacramento; I, Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02972.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discovery and characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in steelhead/rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss AN - 860396383; 14400578 AB - Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have several advantages over other genetic markers, including lower mutation and genotyping error rates, ease of inter-laboratory standardization, and the prospect of high-throughput, low-cost genotyping. Nevertheless, their development and use has only recently moved beyond model organisms to groups such as salmonid fishes. Oncorhynchus mykiss is a salmonid native to the North Pacific rim that has now been introduced throughout the world for fisheries and aquaculture. The anadromous form of the species is known as steelhead. Native steelhead populations on the west coast of the United States have declined and many now have protected status. The nonanadromous, or resident, form of the species is termed rainbow, redband or golden trout. Additional life history and morphological variation, and interactions between the forms, make the species challenging to study, monitor and evaluate. Here, we describe the discovery, characterization and assay development for 139 SNP loci in steelhead/rainbow trout. We used EST sequences from existing genomic databases to design primers for 480 genes. Sanger-sequencing products from these genes provided 130KB of consensus sequence in which variation was surveyed for 22 individuals from steelhead, rainbow and redband trout groups. The resulting TaqMan assays were surveyed in five steelhead populations and three rainbow trout stocks, where they had a mean minor allele frequency of 0.15-0.26 and observed heterozygosity of 0.18-0.35. Mean FST was 0.204. The development of SNPs for O. mykiss will help to provide highly informative genetic tools for individual and stock identification, pedigree reconstruction, phylogeography and ecological investigation. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia AU - Clemento, Anthony J AU - Garza, John Carlos AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 31 EP - 49 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pedigree KW - Allelles KW - Anadromous species KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Development KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Aquaculture KW - Models KW - Standardization KW - Population genetics KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Fisheries KW - Conserved sequence KW - genomics KW - Fish culture KW - Coasts KW - Biological surveys KW - Mutations KW - Genotyping KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Heterozygosity KW - Databases KW - USA KW - Life history KW - Shore protection KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - INE, USA, West Coast KW - Genetic markers KW - Primers KW - Gene frequency KW - Mutation KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - G 07840:Fish KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860396383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Discovery+and+characterization+of+single-nucleotide+polymorphisms+in+steelhead%2Frainbow+trout%2C+Oncorhynchus+mykiss&rft.au=Abadia-Cardoso%2C+Alicia%3BClemento%2C+Anthony+J%3BGarza%2C+John+Carlos&rft.aulast=Abadia-Cardoso&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02971.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Population genetics; Shore protection; Mutations; Allelles; Nucleotide sequence; Anadromous species; Biopolymorphism; Fish culture; Pedigree; Genotyping; Development; Heterozygosity; Aquaculture; expressed sequence tags; Models; Databases; Standardization; Life history; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Fisheries; Genetic markers; Conserved sequence; Gene frequency; Primers; genomics; Mutation; Coasts; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA; IN, North Pacific; INE, USA, West Coast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02971.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerosol Collection Efficiency of a Graded Metal-Fiber Filter at High Airflow Velocity (10 m s-1) AN - 860393390; 14395941 AB - A non-woven graded metal-fiber filter was characterized for its collection efficiency as a function of particle size at an airflow velocity of 10 m s-1. Efficiencies were determined by generating a monodisperse aerosol of polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres and oleic acid liquid particles of measured concentration with and without the filter present. For PSL spheres less than or equal to 0.7 mu m, the collection efficiencies follow theoretical single-fiber collision efficiency (Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990). Above 0.7 mu m diameter (Stokes number 0.8), PSL collection efficiency exhibits a general decreasing trend with increasing particle size suggesting particle bounce. Although this trend is consistent with measured single-fiber collection (collision and adhesion) efficiency for Stokes numbers in the range of 0.2 to 22 (Rembor et al. 1999; Ptak and Jaroszczyk 1990), the magnitude of the filter efficiency is less. For 1 mu m to 4 mu m PSL, the average collection efficiency is 0.43 (expanded uncertainty (U) of 0.08, n = 6). In the case of particles having very different surface adhesion, e.g., oleic acid (sticky) aerosol, the collection efficiency for greater than or equal to 1 mu m diameter particles is nearly 1.00. This is in accordance with the theoretical collision efficiency as expected for particles with high adhesion. PSL tests performed on a filter coated with a synthetic-oil (aerosol) deposit (32.9 mu g mm-2 plus or minus 0.4 mu g mm-2) improved the collection efficiency for PSL greater than or equal to 0.7 mu m to nearly 1.00. Particles that are deposited by interception-inertial impaction at 10 m s-1 airflow velocity depend on the particle and fiber adhesion properties. JF - Aerosol Science & Technology AU - Klouda, George A AU - Fletcher, Robert A AU - Gillen, JGreg AU - Verkouteren, Jennifer R AD - Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 336 EP - 342 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6826, 0278-6826 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Particle size KW - air flow KW - Fibers KW - Aerosols KW - Airflow KW - Velocity KW - latex KW - adhesion KW - Particulates KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860393390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aerosol+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Aerosol+Collection+Efficiency+of+a+Graded+Metal-Fiber+Filter+at+High+Airflow+Velocity+%2810+m+s-1%29&rft.au=Klouda%2C+George+A%3BFletcher%2C+Robert+A%3BGillen%2C+JGreg%3BVerkouteren%2C+Jennifer+R&rft.aulast=Klouda&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aerosol+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02786826&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F02786826.2010.537399 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Airflow; Particle size; Filters; Fibers; air flow; Aerosols; latex; Velocity; adhesion; Particulates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.537399 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sperm whale population structure in the eastern and central North Pacific inferred by the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA AN - 860389333; 14400568 AB - We use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (400bp), six microsatellites and 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 20 of which were linked, to investigate population structure of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the eastern and central North Pacific. SNP markers, reproducible across technologies and laboratories, are ideal for long-term studies of globally distributed species such as sperm whales, a species of conservation concern because of both historical and contemporary impacts. We estimate genetic differentiation among three strata in the temperate to tropical waters where females are found: California Current, Hawai`i and the eastern tropical Pacific. We then consider how males on sub-Arctic foraging grounds assign to these strata. The California Current stratum was differentiated from both the other strata (P<0.05) for mtDNA, microsatellites and SNPs, suggesting that the region supports a demographically independent population and providing the first indication that males may exhibit reproductive philopatry. Comparisons between the Hawai`i stratum and the eastern tropical Pacific stratum are not conclusive at this time. Comparisons with Alaska males were statistically significant, or nearly so, from all three strata and individuals showed mixed assignment to, and few exclusions from, the three potential source strata, suggesting widespread origin of males on sub-Arctic feeding grounds. We show that SNPs have sufficient power to detect population structure even when genetic differentiation is low. There is a need for better analytical methods for SNPs, especially when linked SNPs are used, but SNPs appear to be a valuable marker for long-term studies of globally dispersed and highly mobile species. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - MESNICK, SARAH L AU - Taylor, Barbara L AU - Archer, Frederick I AU - Martien, Karen K AU - TREVINO, SERGIO ESCORZA AU - Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L AU - Moreno Medina, Sandra Carolina AU - Pease, Victoria L AU - Robertson, Kelly M AU - Straley, Janice M AU - Baird, Robin W AU - CALAMBOKIDIS, JOHN AU - Schorr, Gregory S AU - Wade, Paul AU - Burkanov, Vladimir AU - Lunsford, Chris R AU - Rendell, Luke AU - Morin, Phillip A AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 3333 North Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 278 EP - 298 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Nursery grounds KW - Statistical analysis KW - INE, Pacific, California Current KW - IS, Tropical Pacific KW - Physeter catodon KW - Differentiation KW - Population genetics KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Marine KW - Feeding KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii KW - Microsatellites KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Spawning KW - Biopolymorphism KW - Philopatry KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - Marine mammals KW - DNA KW - Conservation KW - Population structure KW - Cetacea KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860389333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Sperm+whale+population+structure+in+the+eastern+and+central+North+Pacific+inferred+by+the+use+of+single-nucleotide+polymorphisms%2C+microsatellites+and+mitochondrial+DNA&rft.au=MESNICK%2C+SARAH+L%3BTaylor%2C+Barbara+L%3BArcher%2C+Frederick+I%3BMartien%2C+Karen+K%3BTREVINO%2C+SERGIO+ESCORZA%3BHancock-Hanser%2C+Brittany+L%3BMoreno+Medina%2C+Sandra+Carolina%3BPease%2C+Victoria+L%3BRobertson%2C+Kelly+M%3BStraley%2C+Janice+M%3BBaird%2C+Robin+W%3BCALAMBOKIDIS%2C+JOHN%3BSchorr%2C+Gregory+S%3BWade%2C+Paul%3BBurkanov%2C+Vladimir%3BLunsford%2C+Chris+R%3BRendell%2C+Luke%3BMorin%2C+Phillip+A&rft.aulast=MESNICK&rft.aufirst=SARAH&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02973.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 3 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foraging behaviour; Population genetics; Marine mammals; Nursery grounds; DNA; Population structure; Spawning; Biopolymorphism; Feeding; Differentiation; Mitochondrial DNA; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Statistical analysis; Microsatellites; Conservation; Philopatry; Cetacea; Physeter catodon; IN, North Pacific; ISE, USA, Hawaii; INE, USA, Alaska; INE, Pacific, California Current; IS, Tropical Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02973.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Declines in deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii energy density associated with the disappearance of Diporeia spp. in lakes Huron and Michigan AN - 860388356; 14374587 AB - Pothoven SA, Hondorp DW, Nalepa TF. Declines in deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii energy density associated with the disappearance of Diporeia spp. in lakes Huron and Michigan.Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 14-22. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Abstract- The deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii is a glacial relict in the Laurentian Great Lakes that primarily consumes two glacial relict crustaceans, Mysis relicta and Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin were collected in Lake Michigan off Little Sable Point (in 2001) and Muskegon, Michigan (in 2001 and 2009), and in Lake Huron off Harbor Beach, Michigan (in 2007) for energy density and diet analyses. These sites and years represented differences in available prey. In Lake Michigan, energy densities of deepwater sculpin in 2001 were similar to those reported in 1969-1971. In contrast, energy content declined at least 26% at Muskegon between 2001 and 2009. Overall, energy density was 31-34% higher at a site with abundant Diporeia spp. compared with two sites without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin diets consisted primarily of M. relicta at all sites, but included 10-17% (dry mass) Diporeia spp. at sites where this crustacean was still abundant. Food biomass in stomachs was higher at sites with abundant Diporeia spp. than at those without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin energy density and food biomass in stomachs were similar between two sites without Diporeia spp. despite differences in abundance of remaining prey, M. relicta. Declines in deepwater sculpin energy density suggest the potential for further effects on other species and changes in the flow of energy through the food web of the Great Lakes. JF - Ecology of Freshwater Fish AU - Pothoven, SA AU - Hondorp, D W AU - Nalepa, T F AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Muskegon, MI, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 14 EP - 22 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0906-6691, 0906-6691 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Food organisms KW - Food KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Glacial lakes KW - Mysis relicta KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - North America, Huron L. KW - Lakes KW - Prey KW - Food webs KW - Diets KW - Beaches KW - Diporeia KW - Freshwater environments KW - Biomass KW - Harbours KW - USA, Michigan KW - Stomach content KW - USA, Michigan L. KW - Energy KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Depleted stocks KW - Myoxocephalus thompsonii KW - Stomach KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860388356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.atitle=Declines+in+deepwater+sculpin+Myoxocephalus+thompsonii+energy+density+associated+with+the+disappearance+of+Diporeia+spp.+in+lakes+Huron+and+Michigan&rft.au=Pothoven%2C+SA%3BHondorp%2C+D+W%3BNalepa%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Pothoven&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.issn=09066691&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0633.2010.00447.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 5 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food organisms; Stomach content; Depleted stocks; Population density; Glacial lakes; Freshwater fish; Harbours; Food webs; Diets; Beaches; Lakes; Freshwater environments; Food; Energy; Abundance; Biomass; Stomach; Prey; Diporeia; Myoxocephalus thompsonii; Mysis relicta; USA, Michigan; USA, Michigan L.; North America, Great Lakes; North America, Huron L.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00447.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-occurrence of multiple classes of harmful algal toxins in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranding during an unusual mortality event in Texas, USA AN - 860384000; 14364399 AB - Evidence of exposure to okadaic acid, domoic acid and brevetoxins during a dolphin mortality event. Multiple HABs associated with an unusual mortality event in marine mammals. HAB toxin analyses of gastrointestinal contents demonstrated food web exposure. During February-April 2008, an unusual mortality event occurred in Texas coastal waters that resulted in over 100 bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) deaths. This mortality event overlapped spatially and temporally with a harmful algal bloom (HAB) composed of the toxin-producing genera Dinophysis spp. and Prorocentrum spp., and was associated with shellfish bed closures due to HAB toxins. A bloom of the toxin-producing diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens was also detected in Texas coastal waters in early April, towards the end of the dolphin mortality event. Analysis of dolphin gastrointestinal contents collected during this event demonstrated the presence of the HAB toxins domoic acid and okadaic acid in association with these blooms, as well as evidence of brevetoxin exposure in the absence of an associated K. brevis bloom. Historical dolphin stranding data for Texas waters indicate seasonal stranding peaks similar to the present study, indicating a need for investigating potential HAB involvement in mass strandings in previous years and in future events. This study marks the first reported occurrence of okadaic acid in marine mammals, and documents a unique co-occurrence of multiple HAB toxins associated with an unusual mortality event. Texas waters harbor a high diversity of HAB events relative to other coastal regions, and this study highlights the importance of efforts to understand the impacts of such HAB events on the health of Texas marine wildlife. JF - Harmful Algae AU - Fire, Spencer E AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - Byrd, Meridith AU - Whitehead, Heidi R AU - Paternoster, Jeff AU - Morton, Steve L AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States, Spencer.fire@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 330 EP - 336 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1568-9883, 1568-9883 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Bottlenose dolphin KW - Biotoxin KW - Brevetoxin KW - Domoic acid KW - HAB KW - Harmful algal bloom KW - Okadaic acid KW - Tursiops truncatus KW - Unusual mortality event KW - New records KW - Algal blooms KW - Toxicants KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Diatoms KW - Phytoplankton KW - Prorocentrum KW - Pseudo-nitzschia pungens KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Food webs KW - Algae KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Dinophysis KW - Data processing KW - Biological poisons KW - Wildlife KW - Coastal waters KW - Toxins KW - Stranding KW - Brevetoxins KW - Marine mammals KW - Species diversity KW - Mortality causes KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860384000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Merging+Thermal+and+Microwave+Satellite+Observations+for+a+High-Resolution+Soil+Moisture+Data+Product&rft.au=Zhan%2C+Xiwu%3BAnderson%2C+Martha%3BLiu%2C+Jicheng&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=Xiwu&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - New records; Algal blooms; Toxicants; Biological poisons; Marine mammals; Species diversity; Phytoplankton; Food webs; Stranding; Mortality causes; Mortality; Data processing; Domoic acid; Brevetoxins; Wildlife; Diatoms; Coastal waters; Toxins; Algae; Okadaic acid; Pseudo-nitzschia pungens; Prorocentrum; Dinophysis; Tursiops truncatus; Bacillariophyceae; ASW, USA, Texas; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2010.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Source apportionment for African dust outbreaks over the Western Mediterranean using the HYSPLIT model AN - 860380475; 14364861 AB - A source apportionment technique has been applied to determine the geographical distribution of emissions in Northern Africa contributing to dust outbreaks that yield high PM10 levels at Spanish regional background stations. Seven dust episodes have been analyzed in this study. Total suspended particles have been sampled and chemically analyzed for these events at La Castanya background station (Montseny, NE Spain) and differences in the composition of airborne dust have been studied. The dominant role of northern and western source areas (Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania and the Western Sahara) contrasted with the negligible contribution of major emission source areas such as the Bodele depression, Libya, Niger, and Sudan. During the simulated events using the dust module of the HYSPLIT model, material from the latter regions is persistently transported across the Atlantic but not towards Western Europe. As a consequence, the composition of the dust turned out to be quite homogeneous since the mixing of dust occurs from various source areas with similar chemical composition. However, differences in Ca/Al ratios have been found in a number of samples that are mainly explained by vertical transport segregation of clay minerals (relatively richer in Al) from coarser dust particles (Ca-carbonate). JF - Atmospheric Research AU - Escudero, M AU - Stein, A F AU - Draxler, R R AU - Querol, X AU - Alastuey, A AU - Castillo, S AU - Avila, A AD - Department of Applied Physics, Politechnical School of Huesca, University of Saragossa, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071, Huesca, Spain, ariel.stein@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 518 EP - 527 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 99 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-8095, 0169-8095 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Air quality KW - Particulate matter KW - Modeling KW - Crustal aerosols KW - Clay minerals KW - Geographical distribution KW - ASE, Mauritania KW - ISW, Sudan KW - MED, Libya KW - Particulates KW - Dust particles KW - Mixing KW - Dust KW - Yield KW - Atmospheric transport KW - ASE, Africa, Western Sahara KW - Emissions KW - Chemical Composition KW - Modelling KW - ANE, Spain KW - Atmospheric particulates KW - Clay KW - Depressions KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Chemical composition KW - MED, Western Mediterranean KW - MED, Algeria KW - geographical distribution KW - outbreaks KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Dusts KW - Vertical advection KW - Model Studies KW - Niger KW - ASE, Africa KW - Particulate matter emissions KW - Clay Minerals KW - Africa KW - Minerals KW - Atmospheric research KW - Eolian dust KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860380475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Retrieving+Snowfall+Rate+Using+Satellite+Passive+Microwave+Data&rft.au=Meng%2C+Huan%3BYan%2C+Banghua%3BFerraro%2C+Ralph%3BPrice%2C+David&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=Huan&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clay minerals; Atmospheric particulates; Geographical distribution; Chemical composition; Suspended particulate matter; Vertical advection; Eolian dust; Modelling; Atmospheric transport; Atmospheric pollution; Depressions; Particulate matter emissions; Dust particles; Atmospheric research; Clay; geographical distribution; Emissions; Particulates; outbreaks; Minerals; Dust; Yield; Clay Minerals; Chemical Composition; Mixing; Dusts; Model Studies; Niger; ANE, Spain; ISW, Sudan; ASE, Mauritania; ASE, Africa; MED, Western Mediterranean; MED, Libya; ASE, Africa, Western Sahara; MED, Algeria; Africa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.12.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the use of IPCC-class models to assess the impact of climate on Living Marine Resources AN - 860379921; 14365188 AB - The study of climate impacts on Living Marine Resources (LMRs) has increased rapidly in recent years with the availability of climate model simulations contributed to the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Collaboration between climate and LMR scientists and shared understanding of critical challenges for such applications are essential for developing robust projections of climate impacts on LMRs. This paper assesses present approaches for generating projections of climate impacts on LMRs using IPCC-class climate models, recommends practices that should be followed for these applications, and identifies priority developments that could improve current projections. Understanding of the climate system and its representation within climate models has progressed to a point where many climate model outputs can now be used effectively to make LMR projections. However, uncertainty in climate model projections (particularly biases and inter-model spread at regional to local scales), coarse climate model resolution, and the uncertainty and potential complexity of the mechanisms underlying the response of LMRs to climate limit the robustness and precision of LMR projections. A variety of techniques including the analysis of multi-model ensembles, bias corrections, and statistical and dynamical downscaling can ameliorate some limitations, though the assumptions underlying these approaches and the sensitivity of results to their application must be assessed for each application. Developments in LMR science that could improve current projections of climate impacts on LMRs include improved understanding of the multi-scale mechanisms that link climate and LMRs and better representations of these mechanisms within more holistic LMR models. These developments require a strong baseline of field and laboratory observations including long time series and measurements over the broad range of spatial and temporal scales over which LMRs and climate interact. Priority developments for IPCC-class climate models include improved model accuracy (particularly at regional and local scales), inter-annual to decadal-scale predictions, and the continued development of earth system models capable of simulating the evolution of both the physical climate system and biosphere. Efforts to address these issues should occur in parallel and be informed by the continued application of existing climate and LMR models. JF - Progress in Oceanography AU - Stock, Charles A AU - Alexander, Michael A AU - Bond, Nicholas A AU - Brander, Keith M AU - Cheung, William WL AU - Curchitser, Enrique N AU - Delworth, Thomas L AU - Dunne, John P AU - Griffies, Stephen M AU - Haltuch, Melissa A AU - Hare, Jonathan A AU - Hollowed, Anne B AU - Lehodey, Patrick AU - Levin, Simon A AU - Link, Jason S AU - Rose, Kenneth A AU - Rykaczewski, Ryan R AU - Sarmiento, Jorge L AU - Stouffer, Ronald J AU - Schwing, Franklin B AU - Vecchi, Gabriel A AU - Werner, Francisco E AD - NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University Forrestal Campus, 201 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ 08540-6649, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 88 IS - 1-4 SN - 0079-6611, 0079-6611 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Marine KW - Climate models KW - Climates KW - Climate change KW - Statistical analysis KW - Oceanography KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - Biosphere KW - Projections KW - Time series analysis KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Model Studies KW - Marine Resources KW - Marine resources KW - Numerical simulations KW - Priorities KW - Evolution KW - Progress in oceanography KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860379921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Using+Hyperspectral+Infrared+Radiance+Global+Data+Sets+to+Validate+Climate+Analyses&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Mitchell%3BZhou%2C+Lihang%3BLiu%2C+Xingpin%3BWang%2C+Likun&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine resources; Climate change; Ecosystem disturbance; Modelling; Climate models; Numerical simulations; Statistical analysis; Biosphere; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Time series analysis; Progress in oceanography; Prediction; Marine Resources; Climates; Priorities; Oceanography; Projections; Evolution; Model Studies; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recharacterization of the Microwave Sounding Unit Cross-Track Asymmetry During a Spacecraft Tumble AN - 860375327; 14394817 AB - In August 2006, a pitch-over maneuver was performed on NOAA-14 in order to characterize the asymmetry in the Microwave Sounding Unit. Approximately seven weeks later, the spacecraft tumbled when a hydrazine thruster leaked. This tumble permitted a second characterization of the asymmetry. The analysis of the data collected during the tumble event revealed that, while three of the four channels had similar response and asymmetry, one channel changed its response either as a result of the tumble or due to another cause in the seven weeks after the pitch-over maneuver. This letter summarizes the results of the maneuver and gives the results from the tumble event. JF - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters AU - Kleespies, Thomas J AD - Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Camp Springs, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 230 EP - 232 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 USA VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1545-598X, 1545-598X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Channels KW - Remote Sensing KW - Microwaves KW - Sounding KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860375327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Letters&rft.atitle=Recharacterization+of+the+Microwave+Sounding+Unit+Cross-Track+Asymmetry+During+a+Spacecraft+Tumble&rft.au=Kleespies%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Kleespies&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Letters&rft.issn=1545598X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FLGRS.2010.2060310 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote Sensing; Channels; Microwaves; Sounding DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2010.2060310 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Craniella sputnika sp. nov. (Porifera: Spirophorida: Tetillidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, with suggested nomenclatural changes for the genera Tetilla and Craniella AN - 858423363; 14334732 AB - A new species of Craniella from the Aleutian Islands is described. Craniella sputnika sp. nov. differ from all other species of Craniella in its habitus, absence of microscleres and size of spicules. The name refers to its resemblance to Earth's first artificial satellite, due to its spherical body with long spines. The new species was observed growing on another demosponge, Myxilla sp. We propose transferring two species currently in Craniella to Tetilla (Craniella ellipsoidea Hoshino, 1982 and Craniella laminaris (George & Wilson, 1919)) and two subspecies (Craniella globosa anamonaena Tanita, 1968 and Craniella laminaris symmetrica (Wilson, 1931)) from Craniella to Tetilla. As Craniella globosa anamonaena Tanita, 1968, is actually a species of Tetilla we suggest raising the subspecies to species rank as Tetilla anamonaena. Conversely we think that two species, Tetilla ovata (Thiele, 1898) and Tetilla hamatum Koltun, 1966 should be transferred to Craniella. JF - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom AU - Lehnert, Helmut AU - Stone, Robert P AD - Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801 USA, Helm.Lehnert@t-online.de Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 321 EP - 328 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU UK VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0025-3154, 0025-3154 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Tetillidae KW - Porifera KW - Spirophorida KW - Myxilla KW - Spines KW - Craniella laminaris KW - Spicules KW - Satellites KW - USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Animal morphology KW - Islands KW - Tetilla KW - Craniella KW - Taxonomy KW - New species KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1030:Invertebrates KW - Q1 08243:Taxonomy and morphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858423363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Craniella+sputnika+sp.+nov.+%28Porifera%3A+Spirophorida%3A+Tetillidae%29+from+the+Aleutian+Islands%2C+Alaska%2C+with+suggested+nomenclatural+changes+for+the+genera+Tetilla+and+Craniella&rft.au=Lehnert%2C+Helmut%3BStone%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Lehnert&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.issn=00253154&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0025315410001025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animal morphology; Taxonomy; Satellites; New species; Islands; Spines; Spicules; Tetillidae; Porifera; Tetilla; Spirophorida; Myxilla; Craniella; Craniella laminaris; USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410001025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climatic and Tidal Forcing of Hydrography and Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Columbia River Estuary AN - 856786987; 14342845 AB - Hydrographic patterns and chlorophyll concentrations in the Columbia River estuary were compared for spring and summer periods during 2004 through 2006. Riverine and oceanic sources of chlorophyll were evaluated at stations along a 27-km along-estuary transect in relation to time series of wind stress, river flow, and tidal stage. Patterns of chlorophyll concentration varied between seasons and years. In spring, the chlorophyll distribution was dominated by high concentrations from freshwater sources. Periods of increased stream flow limited riverine chlorophyll production. In summer, conversely, upwelling winds induced input of high-salinity water from the ocean to the estuary, and this water was often associated with relatively high chlorophyll concentrations. The frequency, duration, and intensity of upwelling events varied both seasonally and interannually, and this variation affected the timing and magnitude of coastally derived material imported to the estuary. The main source of chlorophyll thus varied from riverine in spring to coastal in summer. In both spring and summer seasons and among years, modulation of the spring/neap tidal cycle determined stratification, patterns of mixing, and the fate of (especially freshwater) phytoplankton. Spring tides had higher mixing and neap tides greater stratification, which affected the vertical distribution of chlorophyll. The Columbia River differs from the more tidally dominated coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest by its large riverine phytoplankton production and transfer of this biogenic material to the estuary and coastal ocean. However, all Pacific Northwest coastal estuaries investigated to date have exhibited advection of coastally derived chlorophyll during the upwelling season. This constitutes a fundamental difference between Pacific Northwest estuaries and systems not bounded by a coastal upwelling zone. JF - Estuaries and Coasts AU - Roegner, GCurtis AU - Seaton, Charles AU - Baptista, Antonio M AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Point Adams Research Station, Box155, Hammond, OR, 97013, USA, curtis.roegner@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 281 EP - 296 PB - Estuarine Research Federation, 490 Chippingwood Dr. Port Republic MD 20676-2140 USA VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 1559-2723, 1559-2723 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chlorophyll KW - Upwelling KW - Phytoplankton KW - Stratification KW - Freshwater KW - Time series analysis KW - Mixing KW - Primary production KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - INE, USA, Columbia Estuary KW - Hydrography KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Wind KW - Rivers KW - Marine KW - River flow KW - Estuaries KW - River discharge KW - Brackish KW - Ocean circulation KW - Phytoplankton production KW - Upwelling events KW - Coastal zone KW - Oceans KW - Coastal oceanography KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - Q1 08566:Fishery charts, grounds and water areas KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - M2 551.466:Ocean Waves and Tides (551.466) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries+and+Coasts&rft.atitle=Climatic+and+Tidal+Forcing+of+Hydrography+and+Chlorophyll+Concentrations+in+the+Columbia+River+Estuary&rft.au=Roegner%2C+GCurtis%3BSeaton%2C+Charles%3BBaptista%2C+Antonio+M&rft.aulast=Roegner&rft.aufirst=GCurtis&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries+and+Coasts&rft.issn=15592723&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12237-010-9340-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Coastal zone; Upwelling; Estuaries; Ocean-atmosphere system; River discharge; Ocean circulation; Phytoplankton; Primary production; River flow; Hydrography; Coastal oceanography; Seasonal variability; Time series analysis; Upwelling events; Phytoplankton production; Rivers; Chlorophyll; Oceans; Stratification; Mixing; Wind; INE, USA, Columbia Estuary; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9340-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Empirical assessment of incorporating sediment quality triad data into a single index to distinguish dominant stressors between sites AN - 856786636; 14301523 AB - Benthic infaunal community structure, sediment contamination, and sediment toxicity data (Sediment Quality Triad) were condensed into a single index based on the area of tri-axial plots, which were examined in relation to various habitat parameters. The purpose was to assess its utility for evaluating the relative impact of contaminants versus other stressors on benthic communities. The regression relationship between the areal index and the Effects Range-Median quotient (ERMq) was used to separate contaminant-impacted sites from sites impacted by hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay. Regression using the areal index and bottom oxygen confirm the utility of the approach. Data from Delaware, Galveston, and Biscayne Bays were also examined to determine if the approach may be effective in other estuaries. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Hartwell, SIan AU - Hameedi, MJ AU - Pait, A S AD - NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA, ian.hartwell@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 605 EP - 623 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 174 IS - 1-4 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Assessments KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Toxicity KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Empirical+assessment+of+incorporating+sediment+quality+triad+data+into+a+single+index+to+distinguish+dominant+stressors+between+sites&rft.au=Hartwell%2C+SIan%3BHameedi%2C+MJ%3BPait%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Hartwell&rft.aufirst=SIan&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10661-010-1482-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicity; Sediment Contamination; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1482-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coastal construction trends in response to coastal erosion: an opportunity for adaptation AN - 856785883; 14326337 AB - In Florida, more than half of the state's sandy beach coastlines are designated as critical erosion areas by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP 2008). At the same time, the economic contribution of coastal construction is being confounded by the fiscal peril facing Florida (Bird in Ann Geomorph 57:1-9, 1985, Pew Center on the States 2009, U.S BEA 2009). It is therefore an opportune time for an evaluation of coastal erosion policy response which specifically addresses coastal construction. Furthermore in Florida, an increasing coastal population requiring the provision of structural development necessitates an improved understanding of how legislative intent which avoids the cumulative impacts of development is translated through quantified policy response. This study characterizes how coastal development trends in Florida have responded to critical erosion designation. Using spatial and temporal analysis of coastal construction permitting data from 1987 to 2007, three coastal counties in northwest Florida were selected for this study. This selection was based on proximity to the designated ecologically sensitive Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve (ANERR). This study has indicated that clusters of development have not been reduced or redirected by critical erosion designation in certain areas of the study counties. Therefore this study has implications for the regulatory framework governing coastal development permitting in Florida, which is of timely relevance for sea-level rise adaptation. JF - Journal of Coastal Conservation AU - Marshall, Ariana AU - Robinson, Larry AU - Allen Owens, Marcia AD - Environmental Sciences Institute, NOAA, Environmental Cooperative Science Center, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 61 EP - 72 PB - European Union of Coastal Conservation, Dordrecht Malmen Lanna 74011 Sweden VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1400-0350, 1400-0350 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sea level KW - Development KW - adaptability KW - Evaluation KW - Geomorphology KW - Potential resources KW - Erosion Control KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Apalachicola Natl. Estuarine Research Reserve KW - Economics KW - Adaptation KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Coasts KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Beaches KW - Policies KW - Data processing KW - Coastal erosion KW - Adaptations KW - Construction KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Environmental Protection KW - Environmental protection KW - Aves KW - Erosion KW - coastal zone management KW - Conservation KW - Birds KW - Legislation KW - Sea level changes KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856785883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Conservation&rft.atitle=Coastal+construction+trends+in+response+to+coastal+erosion%3A+an+opportunity+for+adaptation&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Ariana%3BRobinson%2C+Larry%3BAllen+Owens%2C+Marcia&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Ariana&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Conservation&rft.issn=14000350&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11852-010-0120-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policies; Potential resources; Geomorphology; Adaptations; Coastal erosion; Estuaries; Brackishwater environment; Sea level changes; Coasts; Beaches; Data processing; Economics; Conservation; Development; Environmental protection; Aves; Erosion; Sea level; coastal zone management; Legislation; adaptability; Evaluation; Erosion Control; Construction; Adaptation; Environmental Protection; Birds; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Apalachicola Natl. Estuarine Research Reserve; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-010-0120-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation and toxicological inference of trace elements in tissues from stranded and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). AN - 853470561; 21126751 AB - The significance of metal concentrations in marine mammals is not well understood and relating concentrations between stranded and free-ranging populations has been difficult. In order to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging dolphins, we examined concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, total Hg (THg), V, Zn) in skin and liver of stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the South Carolina (SC) coast and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (FL) during 2000-2008. Significantly higher concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se, Al, Cu and THg were found in skin while liver exhibited significantly higher Cu, Fe, Mn and THg concentrations for both study sites. Mean skin concentrations of Cu and Mn were significantly higher in SC dolphins while higher concentrations of THg and V were found in FL dolphins. In addition, liver tissues in SC dolphins exhibited significantly higher As concentrations while higher Fe, Pb, Se, THg, and V levels were found in FL dolphins. Two elements (Cu and THg) showed significant age-related correlations with skin concentration while five elements (Cu, Se, THg, Zn and V) showed age-related correlations with liver concentrations. Geographic location influenced age-related accumulation of several trace elements and age-related accumulation of THg in hepatic tissue was observed for both sites to have the highest correlations (r² = 0.90SC; r² = 0.69FL). Mean THg concentration in liver was about 10 times higher in FL dolphins (330 μg g⁻¹ dw) than those samples from SC dolphins (34.3 μg g⁻¹ dw). The mean molar ratio of Hg to Se was 0.93 ± 0.32 and 1.08 ± 0.38 for SC and FL dolphins, respectively. However, the Hg:Se ratio varied with age as much lower ratios (0.2-0.4) were found in younger animals. Of the 18 measured elements, only THg was significantly correlated in skin and liver of stranded dolphins and skin of free-ranging dolphins from both sites suggesting that skin may be useful in predicting Hg concentrations in liver tissue of free-ranging dolphins. Results indicate that 33% of the stranded and 15% of the free-ranging dolphins from FL exceed the minimum 100 μg g⁻¹ wet weight (ww) (~ 400 dw) Hg threshold for hepatic damage while none from SC reached this level. Hepatic concentrations of As in SC dolphins and V in FL dolphins were also highly correlated with skin concentrations which may have some regional specificity predictive value. The present study provides the first application of trace element concentrations derived from stranded bottlenose dolphins to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging populations. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. JF - Chemosphere AU - Stavros, Hui-Chen W AU - Stolen, Megan AU - Durden, Wendy Noke AU - McFee, Wayne AU - Bossart, Gregory D AU - Fair, Patricia A AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1649 EP - 1661 VL - 82 IS - 11 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Trace Elements KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Mercury -- metabolism KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Mercury -- standards KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Bottle-Nosed Dolphin -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Trace Elements -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- standards KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Trace Elements -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853470561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Correlation+and+toxicological+inference+of+trace+elements+in+tissues+from+stranded+and+free-ranging+bottlenose+dolphins+%28Tursiops+truncatus%29.&rft.au=Stavros%2C+Hui-Chen+W%3BStolen%2C+Megan%3BDurden%2C+Wendy+Noke%3BMcFee%2C+Wayne%3BBossart%2C+Gregory+D%3BFair%2C+Patricia+A&rft.aulast=Stavros&rft.aufirst=Hui-Chen&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=1879-1298&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2011-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES BASIN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AN - 1765943774; PQ0002620916 AB - The NOAA Great Lakes Regional Collaboration Team, Great Lakes Sea Grant Network, and Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve are working with the Great Lakes [&] Saint Lawrence Cities Initiative to develop specialized training to build the capacity of Great Lakes coastal communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change. To ensure that training meets priority needs and provides accessible and applicable tools and resources, these organizations are collaborating to conduct a needs assessment: a comprehensive front-end evaluation of the climate change adaptation training and information needs of Great Lakes coastal communities. The goal of this needs assessment is to collect sufficient information about the knowledge, skills, interest, attitudes, and/or abilities of Great Lakes coastal community planners, storm-water managers, and natural resource managers to design effective training that increases the ability of these groups to confront and adapt to the impacts of climate change. JF - NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL AU - Nelson, Dawn AU - Elmer, Heather AU - Held, Rebecca AU - Forsythe, Danielle AU - Casey, Shauna AD - University of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research and NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1 EP - 43 PB - U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor MI 48105-2945 United States VL - 153 SN - 0733-4044, 0733-4044 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Climate change KW - Streams KW - Evaluation KW - Natural Resources KW - Attitudes KW - Potential resources KW - North America, Great Lakes Basin KW - Assessments KW - Networks KW - Adaptation KW - Brackishwater environment KW - USA, Erie L., Old Woman Creek KW - Adaptations KW - Training KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Creek KW - Coastal zone management KW - Natural resources KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09242:Observations and measurements at sea KW - SW 7010:Education - extramural UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765943774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+GLERL&rft.atitle=LAURENTIAN+GREAT+LAKES+BASIN+CLIMATE+CHANGE+ADAPTATION&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Dawn%3BElmer%2C+Heather%3BHeld%2C+Rebecca%3BForsythe%2C+Danielle%3BCasey%2C+Shauna&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+GLERL&rft.issn=07334044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Potential resources; Adaptations; Natural resources; Estuaries; Climate change; Brackishwater environment; Creek; Coastal zone management; Evaluation; Attitudes; Natural Resources; Assessments; Training; Networks; Adaptation; Streams; USA, Erie L., Old Woman Creek; North America, Great Lakes Basin; North America, Great Lakes; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutron activation analysis: A primary method of measurement AN - 1266749259; 15161792 AB - Neutron activation analysis (NAA), based on the comparator method, has the potential to fulfill the requirements of a primary ratio method as defined in 1998 by the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere - Metrologie en Chimie (CCQM, Consultative Committee on Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry). This thesis is evidenced in this paper in three chapters by: demonstration that the method is fully physically and chemically understood; that a measurement equation can be written down in which the values of all parameters have dimensions in SI units and thus having the potential for metrological traceability to these units; that all contributions to uncertainty of measurement can be quantitatively evaluated, underpinning the metrological traceability; and that the performance of NAA in CCQM key-comparisons of trace elements in complex matrices between 2000 and 2007 is similar to the performance of Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS), which had been formerly designated by the CCQM as a primary ratio method. JF - Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy AU - Greenberg, Robert R AU - Bode, Peter AU - De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8395, USA Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 193 EP - 241 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 66 IS - 3-4 SN - 0584-8547, 0584-8547 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Neutron activation analysis KW - Metrology KW - Primary method of measurement KW - Uncertainty budget KW - Metrological traceability KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Mathematical models KW - Neutron Activation Analysis KW - Trace Elements KW - Spectroscopy KW - Trace elements KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Isotope dilution KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1266749259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Neutron+activation+analysis%3A+A+primary+method+of+measurement&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Robert+R%3BBode%2C+Peter%3BDe+Nadai+Fernandes%2C+Elisabete+A&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B+Atomic+Spectroscopy&rft.issn=05848547&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.sab.2010.12.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Isotope dilution; Trace elements; Neutron activation analysis; Mass Spectrometry; Performance Evaluation; Neutron Activation Analysis; Wastewater Disposal; Trace Elements; Spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2010.12.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geologic mapping of surficial sediments and near-surface stratigraphy with multiple remote-sensing techniques; describing and monitoring tidal regions in central South Carolina AN - 1033535285; 2012-074239 AB - An extensive system of remote-sensing, database development, and data-dissemination tools has been acquired at the College of Charleston to facilitate student, staff, and faculty research and training for local, regional, and national needs. This set of data-collection, processing, and interpretation tools, combined with relationships with local, regional, national, and international research partners, provides researchers with an integrated hardware and software platform for high-resolution mapping of surficial sediments and near-surface stratigraphy of marine and terrestrial deposits of the Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf. Herein we present information on the workflow and training models from field to interpreted data products, and provide integrated geological mapping examples from Pleistocene marine terraces, tidal rivers and creeks, estuaries, coastal, and continental shelf systems. Data and interpreted data products combining recently collected and historical information are provided online through an integrated ArcGIS server system and multi-tiered online access system. These rich data environments provide researchers and managers with information needed to make better basic and need-based decisions in these highly varied and dynamic geological regions. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Harris, M Scott AU - Luciano, Katherine E AU - Johnson, Kacey AU - McMullen, Sharon Kate AU - Kennedy, Brian AU - Sautter, Leslie AU - Levine, Norman S AU - Shah, Anjana K AU - Sedberry, George R AU - Deming, Ashley AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 66 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - stratigraphy KW - high-resolution methods KW - Quaternary KW - South Carolina KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - Cenozoic KW - regional KW - sediments KW - data bases KW - Pleistocene KW - coastal environment KW - continental shelf KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033535285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Geologic+mapping+of+surficial+sediments+and+near-surface+stratigraphy+with+multiple+remote-sensing+techniques%3B+describing+and+monitoring+tidal+regions+in+central+South+Carolina&rft.au=Harris%2C+M+Scott%3BLuciano%2C+Katherine+E%3BJohnson%2C+Kacey%3BMcMullen%2C+Sharon+Kate%3BKennedy%2C+Brian%3BSautter%2C+Leslie%3BLevine%2C+Norman+S%3BShah%2C+Anjana+K%3BSedberry%2C+George+R%3BDeming%2C+Ashley%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 60th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-16 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; Cenozoic; coastal environment; continental shelf; data bases; data processing; high-resolution methods; mapping; Pleistocene; Quaternary; regional; sediments; South Carolina; stratigraphy; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea-floor character and sedimentary environments offshore of Edgartown Harbor, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts AN - 1033534188; 2012-074310 AB - Gridded bathymetry and sidescan-sonar imagery together cover approximately 37.3 square kilometers of sea floor in the vicinity of Edgartown Harbor, Massachusetts. Although originally collected for charting purposes during NOAA hydrographic survey H11346, these data, and the seismic-reflection lines and sampling and photographic stations occupied to verify them, show seabed terrain and composition, provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat, and are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities (e.g., windfarms, cables, and dredging) along the Massachusetts inner continental shelf. Other than adjacent to shorelines, the shallowest areas occur on an elongate bathymetric high that extends northeastward from Middle Flats. Most gradients are relatively gentle except in constricted areas where tidal currents maintain steeper slopes. Distinctive tonal patterns revealed by sidescan-sonar include: 1) complex patches of high and low backscatter targets that delineate bouldery areas on the seaward extension of Middle flats, suggesting sedimentary environments characterized by processes of erosion or non-deposition; 2) alternating bands of high and low backscatter caused by sand waves southeast of Oak Bluffs and off Cape Poge, indicative of processes associated with coarse bedload transport; 3) high backscatter caused by coarser-grained sediments and shell beds, composed predominantly of slippersnail (Crepidula) shells; and 4) low backscatter from finer-grained sediments in low-energy depositional environments of inner Edgartown Harbor. Interpretations of seismic profiles reveal a stratigraphic section composed of Late Cretaceous to Tertiary age coastal-plain deposits unconformably overlain by Pleistocene deposits of till and stratified outwash. This glacial drift was subsequently cut by streams flowing generally toward the northeast. Channels created by these streams, now mostly filled by estuarine and transitional deposits, coalesce into dendritic patterns. An unconformity cut during the last transgression separates these older deposits from overlying modern marine deposits. The marine sediments are thickest in areas more protected from waves and currents and thin or absent in more exposed areas. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Poppe, L J AU - Ackerman, S D AU - McMullen, K Y AU - Glomb, K A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 77 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Edgartown Harbor KW - offshore KW - characterization KW - environmental management KW - dredging KW - transport KW - Massachusetts KW - Dukes County Massachusetts KW - sediments KW - depositional environment KW - ocean floors KW - bedload KW - sediment transport KW - West Atlantic KW - sedimentation KW - intertidal sedimentation KW - harbors KW - shorelines KW - Martha's Vineyard KW - habitat KW - inner shelf KW - continental shelf KW - bathymetry KW - erodibility KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033534188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Sea-floor+character+and+sedimentary+environments+offshore+of+Edgartown+Harbor%2C+Martha%27s+Vineyard%2C+Massachusetts&rft.au=Poppe%2C+L+J%3BAckerman%2C+S+D%3BMcMullen%2C+K+Y%3BGlomb%2C+K+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 60th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-16 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; bedload; characterization; continental shelf; depositional environment; dredging; Dukes County Massachusetts; Edgartown Harbor; environmental management; erodibility; habitat; harbors; inner shelf; intertidal sedimentation; Martha's Vineyard; Massachusetts; ocean floors; offshore; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; shorelines; transport; United States; West Atlantic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylmercury photodegradation influenced by sea-ice cover in Arctic marine ecosystems AN - 1032893141; 16969567 AB - Atmospheric deposition of mercury to remote areas has increased threefold since pre-industrial times. Mercury deposition is particularly pronounced in the Arctic. Following deposition to surface oceans and sea ice, mercury can be converted into methylmercury, a biologically accessible form of the toxin, which biomagnifies along the marine food chain. Mass-independent fractionation of mercury isotopes accompanies the photochemical breakdown of methylmercury to less bioavailable forms in surface waters. Here we examine the isotopic composition of mercury in seabird eggs collected from colonies in the North Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea and the western Arctic Ocean, to determine geographical variations in methylmercury breakdown at northern latitudes. We find evidence for mass-independent fractionation of mercury isotopes. The degree of mass-independent fractionation declines with latitude. Foraging behaviour and geographic variations in mercury sources and solar radiation fluxes were unable to explain the latitudinal gradient. However, mass-independent fractionation was negatively correlated with sea-ice cover. We conclude that sea-ice cover impedes the photochemical breakdown of methylmercury in surface waters, and suggest that further loss of Arctic sea ice this century will accelerate sunlight-induced breakdown of methylmercury in northern surface waters. JF - Nature Geoscience AU - Point, D AU - Sonke, JE AU - Day, R D AU - Roseneau, D G AU - Hobson, KA AU - Vander Pol, SS AU - Moors, A J AU - Pugh, R S AU - Donard, OFX AU - Becker, PR AD - 1] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA [2] Laboratoire des Mecanismes et Transferts en Geologie (LMTG), Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees, UMR CNRS 5563, UMR IRD 154, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 188 EP - 194 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0894 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Isotopes KW - Food chains KW - Surface water KW - Mercury sources KW - Solar radiation KW - Eggs KW - Colonies KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Arctic sea ice KW - Seabirds KW - Dimethylmercury KW - Arctic Ocean KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Geographical variations KW - PN, Arctic Ocean KW - Foraging behavior KW - Toxins KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Sea ice KW - Mercury deposition KW - Photodegradation KW - Oceans KW - Mercury KW - Arctic ecology KW - M2 551.326:Floating Ice (551.326) KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1032893141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Methylmercury+photodegradation+influenced+by+sea-ice+cover+in+Arctic+marine+ecosystems&rft.au=Point%2C+D%3BSonke%2C+JE%3BDay%2C+R+D%3BRoseneau%2C+D+G%3BHobson%2C+KA%3BVander+Pol%2C+SS%3BMoors%2C+A+J%3BPugh%2C+R+S%3BDonard%2C+OFX%3BBecker%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Point&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foraging behavior; Isotopes; Food chains; Surface water; Solar radiation; Toxins; Eggs; Sea ice; Colonies; Photodegradation; Oceans; Dimethylmercury; Mercury; Marine ecosystems; Geographical variations; Mercury deposition; Arctic sea ice; Seabirds; Arctic Ocean; Mercury sources; Arctic ecology; PN, Arctic Ocean; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1049 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazards of combustion products: Toxicity, opacity, corrosivity, and heat release: The experts' views on capability and issues AN - 1017967374; 16698291 AB - The science of understanding how fires burn and how heat smoke and gases are generated and affect people has progressed substantially in the last half century. The principles of facility design for life safety in fires have reached a degree of maturity. Standards and code provisions for fire detection, suppression and control have become the norm. Real-scale (or nearly real-scale) test methods for the flammability of furnishings and interior finish have been established. In addition, some tests have been developed that measure the results of the burning of a small sample from the finished product. Yet, while there have been numerous small-scale apparatuses developed for assessing the generation of heat, toxic gases, and visible or corrosive smoke, these facets of life and property safety have not found widespread inclusion in building and fire codes. There has been an invigorated effort in ISO TC92 SC3, Fire Threat to People and the Environment, to develop a coherent and comprehensive set of fire safety standards and guidance documents for life safety. Smaller efforts are ongoing within some national and regional standards bodies. In November 2008, experts in this field gathered at The Royal Society in London to hear papers that captured the state of the art and to discuss where we might go from here. This paper summarizes the papers and the discussion from that meeting. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Gann, Richard G AU - Babrauskas, Vytenis AU - Grayson, Stephen J AU - Marsh, Nathan D AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, U.S.A., rggann@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 115 EP - 127 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1099-1018, 1099-1018 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Smoke KW - Burns KW - Fires KW - Gases KW - maturity KW - Safety engineering KW - Combustion products KW - building codes KW - British Isles, England, Greater London, London KW - Toxicity KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017967374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Hazards+of+combustion+products%3A+Toxicity%2C+opacity%2C+corrosivity%2C+and+heat+release%3A+The+experts%27+views+on+capability+and+issues&rft.au=Gann%2C+Richard+G%3BBabrauskas%2C+Vytenis%3BGrayson%2C+Stephen+J%3BMarsh%2C+Nathan+D&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=10991018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.1043 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fam.1043/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Smoke; Fires; maturity; Gases; Safety engineering; building codes; Combustion products; Toxicity; British Isles, England, Greater London, London DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.1043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle dependent TN-C promoter activity determined by live cell imaging AN - 1017964624; 16714504 AB - The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C plays a critical role in development, wound healing, and cancer progression, but how it is controlled and how it exerts its physiological responses remain unclear. By quantifying the behavior of live cells with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, the dynamic regulation of TN-C promoter activity is examined. We employ an NIH 3T3 cell line stably transfected with the TN-C promoter ligated to the gene sequence for destabilized green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fully automated image analysis routines, validated by comparison with data derived from manual segmentation and tracking of single cells, are used to quantify changes in the cellular GFP in hundreds of individual cells throughout their cell cycle during live cell imaging experiments lasting 62 h. We find that individual cells vary substantially in their expression patterns over the cell cycle, but that on average TN-C promoter activity increases during the last 40% of the cell cycle. We also find that the increase in promoter activity is proportional to the activity earlier in the cell cycle. This work illustrates the application of live cell microscopy and automated image analysis of a promoter-driven GFP reporter cell line to identify subtle gene regulatory mechanisms that are difficult to uncover using population averaged measurements. Published 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Cytometry Part A AU - Halter, Michael AU - Sisan, Daniel R AU - Chalfoun, Joe AU - Stottrup, Benjamin L AU - Cardone, Antonio AU - Dima, Alden A AU - Tona, Alessandro AU - Plant, Anne L AU - Elliott, John T AD - Cell Systems Science Group/Biochemical Science Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, michael.halter@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 192 EP - 202 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 79A IS - 3 SN - 1552-4930, 1552-4930 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cancer KW - Cell cycle KW - Cytometry KW - Data processing KW - Development KW - Extracellular matrix KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Image processing KW - Promoters KW - Segmentation KW - Tenascin C KW - Wound healing KW - imaging KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017964624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+dependent+TN-C+promoter+activity+determined+by+live+cell+imaging&rft.au=Halter%2C+Michael%3BSisan%2C+Daniel+R%3BChalfoun%2C+Joe%3BStottrup%2C+Benjamin+L%3BCardone%2C+Antonio%3BDima%2C+Alden+A%3BTona%2C+Alessandro%3BPlant%2C+Anne+L%3BElliott%2C+John+T&rft.aulast=Halter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=79A&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.issn=15524930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcyto.a.21028 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.21028/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Cell cycle; Green fluorescent protein; Image processing; Wound healing; Development; imaging; Cancer; Cytometry; Promoters; Tenascin C; Extracellular matrix; Segmentation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.21028 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population dynamics of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean AN - 860379541; 14361877 AB - We developed an age-structured population model of splitnose rockfish, Sebastes diploproa, in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Splitnose rockfish is a bycatch species that co-occurs with several commercially important species that are currently declared overfished. Bycatch species are typically not the focus of stock assessment efforts because of their limited economic importance, but they may suffer the same population declines as species with which they co-occur. To examine the dynamics of splitnose rockfish for the first time, we analyzed data from three groundfish fisheries and four research surveys conducted in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. To develop a model, we used Stock Synthesis, a statistical framework for the construction of a population dynamics models utilizing both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data. In the model, we reconstructed the total catch of the species back to 1900, estimated the dynamics of the stock spawning output and recruitment and evaluated biomass depletion relative to the stock's unfished state, as well as sources of uncertainty in model outputs. The results indicate that the splitnose rockfish is currently not overfished even though it has experienced several periods of abrupt decline in its biomass. Revisiting age data from earlier years, monitoring fishery discard, and investigating the spatial dynamics of splitnose rockfish is important to further improve the understanding of this species' population dynamics, and decrease uncertainty in model results. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Gertseva, Vladlena V AU - Cope, Jason M AD - Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA, vladlena.gertseva@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/24/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 24 SP - 973 EP - 981 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 222 IS - 4 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Splitnose rockfish KW - Northeast Pacific Ocean KW - Bycatch KW - Population dynamics KW - Age-structured model KW - Stock Synthesis KW - Marine fisheries KW - Age KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - population decline KW - Sebastes diploproa KW - spawning KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Fishery surveys KW - Fisheries KW - recruitment KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Stock assessment KW - Recruitment KW - Spawning KW - Population decline KW - Biomass KW - By catch KW - INE, Pacific KW - economic importance KW - Oceans KW - Depleted stocks KW - Economic importance KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860379541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+of+splitnose+rockfish+%28Sebastes+diploproa%29+in+the+Northeast+Pacific+Ocean&rft.au=Gertseva%2C+Vladlena+V%3BCope%2C+Jason+M&rft.aulast=Gertseva&rft.aufirst=Vladlena&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolmodel.2010.12.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Marine fisheries; Marine fish; By catch; Fishery surveys; Recruitment; Stock assessment; Depleted stocks; Population dynamics; Age; Data processing; Statistics; Mathematical models; Statistical analysis; Spawning; Biomass; Population decline; Models; Oceans; Fisheries; Economic importance; catches; economic importance; recruitment; population decline; spawning; Sebastes diploproa; INE, Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe AN - 864962412; 14448755 AB - Nearly half of the earth's photosynthetically fixed carbon derives from the oceans. To determine global and region specific rates, we rely on models that estimate marine net primary productivity (NPP) thus it is essential that these models are evaluated to determine their accuracy. Here we assessed the skill of 21 ocean color models by comparing their estimates of depth-integrated NPP to 1156 in situ super(14)C measurements encompassing ten marine regions including the Sargasso Sea, pelagic North Atlantic, coastal Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, subtropical North Pacific, Ross Sea, West Antarctic Peninsula, and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Average model skill, as determined by root-mean square difference calculations, was lowest in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, highest in the pelagic North Atlantic and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, and intermediate in the other six regions. The maximum fraction of model skill that may be attributable to uncertainties in both the input variables and in situ NPP measurements was nearly 72%. On average, the simplest depth/wavelength integrated models performed no worse than the more complex depth/wavelength resolved models. Ocean color models were not highly challenged in extreme conditions of surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, nor in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll waters. Water column depth was the primary influence on ocean color model performance such that average skill was significantly higher at depths greater than 250 m, suggesting that ocean color models are more challenged in Case-2 waters (coastal) than in Case-1 (pelagic) waters. Given that in situ chlorophyll-a data was used as input data, algorithm improvement is required to eliminate the poor performance of ocean color NPP models in Case-2 waters that are close to coastlines. Finally, ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms are challenged by optically complex Case-2 waters, thus using satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to estimate NPP in coastal areas would likely further reduce the skill of ocean color models. JF - Biogeosciences AU - Saba, V S AU - Friedrichs, MAM AU - Antoine, D AU - Armstrong, R A AU - Asanuma, I AU - Behrenfeld, MJ AU - Ciotti, A M AU - Dowell, M AU - Hoepffner, N AU - Hyde, KJW AD - NOAA/NMFS Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA Y1 - 2011/02/22/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 22 SP - 489 EP - 503 PB - European Geosciences Union, c/o E.O.S.T. Strasbourg Cedex 67084 France VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1726-4170, 1726-4170 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Chlorophylls KW - PS, Ross Sea KW - ISW, Arabian Sea KW - PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula KW - Algorithms KW - Primary production KW - Water column KW - Models KW - Colour KW - MED, Black Sea KW - Carbon KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Wavelength KW - AN, Sargasso Sea KW - Coasts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Carbon 14 KW - Extreme values KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Frontal zones KW - Color KW - Satellite data KW - Coastal zone KW - Oceans KW - Pelagic environment KW - Coastal oceanography KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q1 08481:Productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+ocean+color+model+estimates+of+marine+primary+productivity+in+coastal+and+pelagic+regions+across+the+globe&rft.au=Saba%2C+V+S%3BFriedrichs%2C+MAM%3BAntoine%2C+D%3BArmstrong%2C+R+A%3BAsanuma%2C+I%3BBehrenfeld%2C+MJ%3BCiotti%2C+A+M%3BDowell%2C+M%3BHoepffner%2C+N%3BHyde%2C+KJW&rft.aulast=Saba&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeosciences&rft.issn=17264170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colour; Chlorophylls; Coastal zone; Mathematical models; Pelagic environment; Carbon 14; Extreme values; Primary production; Coasts; Temperature effects; Carbon; Data processing; Oceans; Algorithms; Wavelength; Water column; Models; Color; Satellite data; Coastal oceanography; Frontal zones; MED, Black Sea; PS, Ross Sea; ISW, Arabian Sea; IN, North Pacific; PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula; AN, North Atlantic; AN, Sargasso Sea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - North American isoprene influence on intercontinental ozone pollution AN - 858424609; 14432344 AB - Changing land-use and climate may alter emissions of biogenic isoprene, a key ozone (O sub(3)) precursor. Isoprene is also a precursor to peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and thus affects partitioning among oxidized nitrogen (NO sub(y)) species, shifting the balance towards PAN, which more efficiently contributes to long-range transport relative to nitric acid (HNO sub(3)) which rapidly deposits. With a suite of sensitivity simulations in the MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model, we gauge the relative importance of the intercontinental influence of a 20% increase in North American (NA) isoprene and a 20% decrease in NA anthropogenic emissions (nitrogen oxides (NO sub(x)), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and NO sub(x) + NMVOC + carbon monoxide + aerosols). The surface O sub(3) response to NA isoprene emissions ( Delta O sub(3)_ISOP) in surface air over NA is about one third of the response to all NA anthropogenic emissions ( Delta O sub(3)_ANTH; although with different signs). Over intercontinental distances, Delta O sub(3)_ISOP is relatively larger; in summer and fall, Delta O sub(3)_ISOP in surface air over Europe and North Africa (EU region) is more than half of Delta O sub(3)_ANTH. Future increases in NA isoprene emissions could thus offset decreases in EU surface O sub(3) resulting from controls on NA anthropogenic emissions. Over the EU region, Delta PAN_ISOP at 700 hPa is roughly the same magnitude as Delta PAN_ANTH (oppositely signed). Outside of the continental source region, the percentage changes in PAN are at least twice as large as for surface O sub(3), implying that long-term PAN measurements at high altitude sites may help to detect O sub(3) precursor emission changes. We find that neither the baseline level of isoprene emissions nor the fate of isoprene nitrates contributes to the large diversity in model estimates of the anthropogenic emission influence on intercontinental surface O sub(3) or oxidized nitrogen deposition reported in the recent TF HTAP multi-model studies (TFHTAP, 2007). JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Fiore, A M AU - Levy, H II AU - Jaffe, DA AD - NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA Y1 - 2011/02/22/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 22 SP - 1697 EP - 1710 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Europe KW - Emissions KW - Ozone KW - North America KW - Aerosols KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Environmental impact KW - Model Studies KW - Long-range transport KW - Numerical simulations KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Africa KW - Oxides KW - Nitrogen KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Carbon KW - Emission measurements KW - Nitrates KW - Climates KW - Troposphere KW - Tropospheric chemistry KW - Isoprene emissions KW - Deposition KW - Organic compounds in aerosols KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Ozone control KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - Q2 09185:Organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858424609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=North+American+isoprene+influence+on+intercontinental+ozone+pollution&rft.au=Fiore%2C+A+M%3BLevy%2C+H+II%3BJaffe%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Fiore&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon monoxide; Resource management; Aerosols; Environmental impact; Anthropogenic factors; Troposphere; Nitrogen compounds; Oxides; Ozone; Long-range transport; Atmospheric pollution models; Isoprene emissions; Numerical simulations; Atmospheric chemistry; Organic compounds in aerosols; Ozone control; Tropospheric chemistry; Nitrates; anthropogenic factors; Emission measurements; Emissions; Nitrogen; Carbon; Climates; Deposition; Model Studies; North America; Africa; Europe ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Using Ecosystem Services in Marine Decision-Making T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312991993; 6044983 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Sandifer, Paul Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Rubber KW - Decision making UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312991993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Where+the+Rubber+Meets+the+Road%3A+Using+Ecosystem+Services+in+Marine+Decision-Making&rft.au=Sandifer%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Sandifer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing Extinction Risks of Corals in a Changing Climate T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312990485; 6045226 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Brainard, Russell Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - extinction KW - Coral reefs KW - Extinction KW - Climate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312990485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Assessing+Extinction+Risks+of+Corals+in+a+Changing+Climate&rft.au=Brainard%2C+Russell&rft.aulast=Brainard&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing Sea Turtle Population Trends Given Strong Environmental Forcing T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312990451; 6045225 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Van Houtan, Kyle Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - turtles KW - Aquatic reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312990451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Assessing+Sea+Turtle+Population+Trends+Given+Strong+Environmental+Forcing&rft.au=Van+Houtan%2C+Kyle&rft.aulast=Van+Houtan&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changing Management To Manage Change: New Approaches from Natural and Social Science T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312980002; 6045029 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Ruckelshaus, Mary Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312980002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Noaa%27S+Global+High+Resolution+Satellite+Sea+Surface+Temperature+Blended+Analysis&rft.au=Maturi%2C+Eileen%3BSapper%2C+John%3BPichel%2C+William&rft.aulast=Maturi&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - From Climate Change to Fish on Your Plate: Managing Fisheries in a Changing World T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312979948; 6045028 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Hollowed, Anne Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Fishery management KW - Fish KW - Climatic changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312979948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+CRIS%2FATMS+Proxy+Radiances%2FRetrievals+with+Iasi+Retrievals%2C+ECMWF+Analysis+and+RAOB+Measurements&rft.au=Divakarla%2C+Murty&rft.aulast=Divakarla&rft.aufirst=Murty&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Science at the Poles: Twenty-Five Countries Protecting Living Resources T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312963152; 6044988 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Watters, George Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Living resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312963152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Science+at+the+Poles%3A+Twenty-Five+Countries+Protecting+Living+Resources&rft.au=Watters%2C+George&rft.aulast=Watters&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Risk Factor: Climate Change Opens Windows of Opportunity for Harmful Algal Blooms T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312962653; 6045078 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Moore, Stephanie Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Climatic changes KW - Algal blooms KW - Risk factors KW - Phytoplankton KW - Biological poisons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312962653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=The+Risk+Factor%3A+Climate+Change+Opens+Windows+of+Opportunity+for+Harmful+Algal+Blooms&rft.au=Moore%2C+Stephanie&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding Ocean Uses: The Heart of Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312957388; 6045038 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Wahle, Charles Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Environmental planning KW - spatial distribution KW - Oceans KW - Marine environment KW - Heart UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312957388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Understanding+Ocean+Uses%3A+The+Heart+of+Coastal+and+Marine+Spatial+Planning&rft.au=Wahle%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Wahle&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Measurement Science: A Key to Reducing the Cost and Improving the Quality of Health Care in the 21st Century T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312946874; 6045085 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Amos, Michael Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312946874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Measurement+Science%3A+A+Key+to+Reducing+the+Cost+and+Improving+the+Quality+of+Health+Care+in+the+21st+Century&rft.au=Amos%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Amos&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preparing for the Future: Adaptive Strategies To Deal with Changing Shorelines T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312946665; 6045180 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - Davidson, Margaret Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - Education KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312946665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Status+of+Pre-Launch+Activities+for+the+Npoess+Community+Collaborative+Calibration%2FValidation+Program+for+the+Npoess+Preparatory+Project&rft.au=Kilcoyne%2C+Heather&rft.aulast=Kilcoyne&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Need for International Capacity-Building and Overcoming Challenges T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AN - 1312946122; 6044886 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS 2011) AU - . Turner, James Y1 - 2011/02/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 17 KW - carrying capacity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312946122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.atitle=The+Need+for+International+Capacity-Building+and+Overcoming+Challenges&rft.au=.+Turner%2C+James&rft.aulast=.+Turner&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+%28AAAS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2011/webprogram/start.html#srch=method|and|pge|1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature record in the oxygen stable isotopes of Pacific sardine otoliths: Experimental vs. wild stocks from the Southern California Bight AN - 860377974; 14366973 AB - Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax) are commercially fished in Canada, USA, and Mexico along approximately 5000km of coastal waters that experience a wide range of temperatures. Trinational management of the species can be problematic because the connectivity between spawning, recruitment, stock residency, and migration in some years may not be well predicted. Oxygen isotopic value of otoliths ( delta 18Ootolith) has been used to infer stock residency and movement of fish populations within regions, but few studies have used laboratory data to establish a predictive temperature model to validate delta 18Ootolith values of wild fish. We conducted a growth experiment with juveniles at different temperatures using Southern California Bight (SCB) seawater to test the assumption that Pacific sardine otoliths accurately record environmental water temperature in the presence of constant salinity. Sardine delta 18Ootolith values were significantly and negatively correlated with temperature according to the linear model: delta 18Ootolith - delta 18Owater=-0.132 plus or minus 0.003SE)-Temperature( degree C)+2 .455( plus or minus 0.043SE) We used this model to predict the temperature history of wild age-1 sardine collected in the SCB from 1995 to 2003. The field samples generally fit the model of SCB residency when both the average coastal sea surface temperatures and temperatures at 30m were used to bracket the range of calculated otolith temperatures. Pacific sardine recorded seawater temperatures as delta 18O values in their otoliths. A delta 18O-temperature model was developed based on the growth of juveniles. The model predicted temperature history of age-1 sardine in Southern California. Otolith delta 18O values likely reflected average depth distributions of 0-30m. Sardine otolith I18O values reflected El Nino and La Nina conditions in some years. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Dorval, Emmanis AU - Piner, Kevin AU - Robertson, Larry AU - Reiss, Christian S AU - Javor, Barbara AU - Vetter, Russ AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States, Barbara.Javor.@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 136 EP - 143 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 397 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Historical account KW - Isotopes KW - Body temperature KW - Seawater KW - La Nina KW - INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight KW - Migration KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Salinity KW - Growth KW - Marine environment KW - Salinity effects KW - El Nino KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Recruitment KW - Temperature KW - ANW, Canada KW - Spawning KW - Water temperature KW - Coastal waters KW - Sardinops sagax KW - Oxygen KW - Otoliths KW - otoliths KW - Migrations KW - ISE, Mexico KW - Fish KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q2 09146:TSD distribution, water masses and circulation KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860377974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Temperature+record+in+the+oxygen+stable+isotopes+of+Pacific+sardine+otoliths%3A+Experimental+vs.+wild+stocks+from+the+Southern+California+Bight&rft.au=Dorval%2C+Emmanis%3BPiner%2C+Kevin%3BRobertson%2C+Larry%3BReiss%2C+Christian+S%3BJavor%2C+Barbara%3BVetter%2C+Russ&rft.aulast=Dorval&rft.aufirst=Emmanis&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2010.11.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Growth rate; Prediction; Temperature effects; Growth; Otoliths; El Nino; Recruitment; Migrations; Isotopes; Data processing; Body temperature; La Nina; Water temperature; Spawning; Coastal waters; Migration; Models; Oxygen; Marine environment; Salinity effects; Historical account; Salinity; Seawater; otoliths; Temperature; Fish; Sardinops sagax; ISE, Mexico; INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight; ANW, Canada; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.11.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in penaeid shrimp growth rates along an estuarine salinity gradient: Implications for managing river diversions AN - 860376532; 14366966 AB - Freshwater inflows from river diversions may affect nekton populations by altering the salinity and temperature of estuarine waters. To investigate the influence of these environmental variables on the growth and survival rates of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, we conducted field experiments in May and September 2007 to expose experimental animals to the range of different combinations of salinity and water temperature that commonly occur in an estuarine environment. Growth rates for shrimp held in mesocosms for approximately 7days were compared among four locations and three treatments; locations were identified by the dominant marsh vegetation and distance from the Gulf of Mexico (low to high salinity: Intermediate, Brackish, Saline UE=Saline Up Estuary, Saline DE=Saline Down Estuary). At each location, the treatments were replicated four times and included shallow water with additional food, shallow water without food added, and deeper water (an attempt to expose animals to lower temperatures). Our experiments were designed to test the null hypothesis that shrimp growth and survival rates did not differ by location or treatment. Both brown shrimp and white shrimp grew more slowly at the Intermediate than higher salinity locations. Potential prey (benthic infauna) biomass was relatively low at both the Intermediate and Brackish locations in May, and both shrimp species consistently grew faster in mesocosms where food was added. We conclude that reduced growth in low salinity environments is likely due to the combined effects of increased metabolic costs and less food in these areas. River diversions that reduce estuarine salinities over a large portion of available habitat during peak recruitment periods may reduce overall growth rates and shrimp productivity in the affected areas. We compared growth rates of juvenile penaeids along an estuarine salinity gradient. In 2 experiments, brown shrimp and white shrimp were held for 7days in field mesocosms. Growth rates for both species were reduced in low salinity areas. Result was likely due to higher metabolic cost and less food in low salinity habitat. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Rozas, Lawrence P AU - Minello, Thomas J AD - NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service/SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center, 646 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, United States, lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 196 EP - 207 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 397 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrimp KW - Litopenaeus setiferus KW - Shallow Water KW - shallow water KW - Salinity KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Rivers KW - Freshwater environments KW - Recruitment KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Vegetation KW - prey KW - Growth Rates KW - Water temperature KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - Farfantepenaeus aztecus KW - Mesocosms KW - Nekton KW - survival KW - Food KW - Survival KW - Salinity gradients KW - Costs KW - Salinity effects KW - inflow KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Prey KW - Growth rate KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Decapoda KW - Temperature KW - Marshes KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Foods KW - Shallow water KW - Diversion KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860376532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+penaeid+shrimp+growth+rates+along+an+estuarine+salinity+gradient%3A+Implications+for+managing+river+diversions&rft.au=Rozas%2C+Lawrence+P%3BMinello%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Rozas&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2010.12.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Growth rate; Shallow water; Salinity effects; Estuaries; Brackishwater environment; Salinity gradients; Marine crustaceans; Mesocosms; Rivers; Freshwater environments; Food; Recruitment; Vegetation; Survival; Water temperature; Marshes; Biomass; Habitat; Nekton; Prey; shallow water; Salinity; Temperature; inflow; prey; survival; Costs; Foods; Shrimp; Growth Rates; Shallow Water; Diversion; Litopenaeus setiferus; Decapoda; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; ASW, Mexico Gulf; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.12.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring fall foliage coloration dynamics using time-series satellite data AN - 856781325; 14207884 AB - Fall foliage coloration is a phenomenon that occurs in many deciduous trees and shrubs worldwide. Measuring the phenology of fall foliage development is of great interest for climate change, the carbon cycle, ecology, and the tourist industry; but little effort has been devoted to monitoring the regional fall foliage status using remotely-sensed data. This study developed an innovative approach to monitoring fall foliage status by means of temporally-normalized brownness derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. Specifically, the time series of the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was smoothed and functionalized using a sigmoidal model to depict the continuous dynamics of vegetation growth. The modeled temporal NDVI trajectory during the senescent phase was further combined with the mixture modeling to deduce the temporally-normalized brownness index which was independent of the surface background, vegetation abundance, and species composition. This brownness index was quantitatively linked with the fraction of colored and fallen leaves in order to model the fall foliage coloration status. This algorithm was tested by monitoring the fall foliage coloration phase using MODIS data in northeastern North America from 2001 to 2004. The MODIS-derived timing of foliage coloration phases was compared with in-situ measurements, which showed an overall absolute mean difference of less than 5days for all foliage coloration phases and about 3days for near peak coloration and peak coloration. This suggested that the fall foliage coloration phase retrieved from the temporally-normalized brownness index was qualitatively realistic and repeatable. a-[ordmA sigmoidal model depicts the continuous dynamics of vegetation phenology. a-[ordmTemporal NDVI trajectory determines temporally-normalized brownness. a-[ordmTemporally-normalized brownness quantifies fall foliage coloration phases. a-[ordmFall foliage coloration from MODIS data presents consistent spatial pattern. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Zhang, Xiaoyang AU - Goldberg, Mitchell D AD - Earth Resources Technology Inc. at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746, United States, xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 382 EP - 391 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA VL - 115 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Phenology KW - Fall foliage coloration KW - Foliage phase KW - Time-series satellite data KW - Temporally-normalized brownness KW - Foliage KW - Abundance KW - Climatic changes KW - Remote sensing KW - Algorithms KW - spatial distribution KW - Coloration KW - foliage KW - Species composition KW - Shrubs KW - North America KW - deciduous trees KW - Data processing KW - time series analysis KW - Leaves KW - Carbon cycle KW - Vegetation KW - phenology KW - Satellites KW - imaging KW - innovations KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - ENA 20:Weather Modification & Geophysical Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856781325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Monitoring+fall+foliage+coloration+dynamics+using+time-series+satellite+data&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiaoyang%3BGoldberg%2C+Mitchell+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xiaoyang&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2010.09.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Foliage; Data processing; Climatic changes; Abundance; Carbon cycle; Leaves; Algorithms; Remote sensing; Vegetation; imaging; Satellites; Coloration; Phenology; Species composition; deciduous trees; spatial distribution; time series analysis; foliage; innovations; phenology; North America DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite observations of optical and biological properties in the Korean dump site of the Yellow Sea AN - 856781231; 14207869 AB - With the standard near-infrared (NIR) atmospheric correction algorithm for ocean color data processing, a high chlorophyll-a concentration patch was consistently observed from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua platform in the middle of the Yellow Sea during the spring (end of March to early May). This prominent patch was not observed in the historical ocean color satellite imageries in late 1970s to early 1980s, and a location corresponding to this patch has been used as a Korean dump site since 1988. At the same time, MODIS chlorophyll-a concentrations derived using the shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm developed for the ocean color satellite data in turbid coastal or high-productive ocean waters were significantly reduced. Comparison between in situ and MODIS chlorophyll-a measurements shows that the chlorophyll-a from the MODIS-Aqua products using the standard-NIR atmospheric correction algorithm is significantly overestimated. The images of the MODIS-derived normalized water-leaving radiance spectra and water diffuse attenuation coefficient data using the NIR-SWIR-based atmospheric correction approach show that absorption and scattering by organic and inorganic matter dumped in the Korean dump site have strongly influenced the satellite-derived chlorophyll-a data. Therefore, the biased high chlorophyll-a patch in the region is in fact an overestimation of chlorophyll-a values due to large errors from the standard-NIR atmospheric correction algorithm. Using the NIR-SWIR algorithm for MODIS-Aqua ocean color data processing, ocean color products from 2002 to 2008 for the Korean dump site region have been generated and used for characterizing the ocean optical and biological properties. Results show that there have been some important changes in the seasonal and interannual variations of phytoplankton biomass and other water optical and biological properties induced by colored dissolved organic matters, as well as suspended sediments. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Son, SeungHyun AU - Wang, Menghua AU - Shon, Jae-Kyoung AD - NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, E/RA3, Room 102, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA, Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 15 SP - 562 EP - 572 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA VL - 115 IS - 2 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Ocean color remote sensing KW - Ocean optical and biological properties in the ocean dump site KW - Chlorophylls KW - INW, Huanghai Sea KW - Algorithms KW - Remote sensing KW - Phytoplankton KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Radiance KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Absorption KW - Seasonal variations KW - I.R. radiation KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - dissolved organic matter KW - Image processing KW - Biological properties KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Satellites KW - Sediments KW - Color KW - Satellite sensing KW - Oceans KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856781231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Satellite+observations+of+optical+and+biological+properties+in+the+Korean+dump+site+of+the+Yellow+Sea&rft.au=Son%2C+SeungHyun%3BWang%2C+Menghua%3BShon%2C+Jae-Kyoung&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=SeungHyun&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2010.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite sensing; Chlorophylls; Radiance; Data processing; Mathematical models; Remote sensing; Phytoplankton; Biological properties; Biomass; I.R. radiation; dissolved organic matter; Algorithms; Image processing; Satellites; imaging; Sediments; Color; Oceans; Resuspended sediments; Sulfur dioxide; Absorption; Seasonal variations; INW, Huanghai Sea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluorinated Compounds in Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Alaska AN - 1257876897; 16064445 AB - Wildlife from remote locations have been shown to bioaccumulate perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in their tissues. Twelve PFCs, consisting of perfluorinated carboxylic (PFCA) and sulfonic (PFSA) acids as well as the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursor perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), were measured in livers of 68 beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) collected from two subpopulations, Cook Inlet and eastern Chukchi Sea, in Alaska between 1989 and 2006. PFOS and PFOSA were the dominant compounds measured in both beluga stock populations, with overall median concentrations of 10.8 ng/g and 22.8 ng/g, respectively. Long-chain perfluorocarboxylates, PFCAs (9 to 14 carbons), were detected in more than 80% of the samples. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriA) made up a large percentage of the PFCAs measured with median concentrations of 8.49 ng/g and 4.38 ng/g, respectively. To compare differences in location, year, sex, and length, backward stepwise multiple regression models of the individual and total PFC concentrations were used. Spatially, the Cook Inlet belugas had higher concentrations of most PFCAs and PFOS (p < 0.05); however, these belugas had a lower median concentration of PFOSA when compared to belugas from the eastern Chukchi Sea (p < 0.05). Temporal trends indicated most PFCAs, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOSA concentrations increased from 1989 to 2006 (p < 0.05). Males had significantly higher concentrations of PFTriA, Delta *SPFCA, and PFOS (p < 0.05). Perfluorononanic acid (PFNA) and PFOS showed a significant decrease in concentration with increasing animal length (p < 0.05). These observations suggest the accumulation of PFCs in belugas is influenced by year, location, sex, and length. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Reiner, Jessica L AU - O'Connell, Steven G AU - Moors, Amanda J AU - Kucklick, John R AU - Becker, Paul R AU - Keller, Jennifer M AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States Y1 - 2011/02/10/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 10 SP - 8129 EP - 8136 VL - 45 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - INE, Chukchi Sea KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Marine mammals KW - Subpopulations KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Cook Inlet KW - Coastal inlets KW - Cetacea KW - Delphinapterus leucas KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257876897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Trends+of+Perfluorinated+Compounds+in+Beluga+Whales+%28Delphinapterus+leucas%29+from+Alaska&rft.au=Reiner%2C+Jessica+L%3BO%27Connell%2C+Steven+G%3BMoors%2C+Amanda+J%3BKucklick%2C+John+R%3BBecker%2C+Paul+R%3BKeller%2C+Jennifer+M&rft.aulast=Reiner&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2011-02-10&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=8129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes103560q L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es103560q LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Subpopulations; Marine mammals; Coastal inlets; Cetacea; Delphinapterus leucas; INE, Chukchi Sea; INE, USA, Alaska, Cook Inlet; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103560q ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinguishing the Roles of Natural and Anthropogenically Forced Decadal Climate Variability Implications for Prediction AN - 902369256; 15791908 AB - Given that over the course of the next 10-30 years the magnitude of natural decadal variations may rival that of anthropogenically forced climate change on regional scales, it is envisioned that initialized decadal predictions will provide important information for climate-related management and adaptation decisions. Such predictions are presently one of the grand challenges for the climate community. This requires identifying those physical phenomena-and their model equivalents-that may provide additional predictability on decadal time scales, including an assessment of the physical processes through which anthropogenic forcing may interact with or project upon natural variability. Such a physical framework is necessary to provide a consistent assessment (and insight into potential improvement) of the decadal prediction experiments planned to be assessed as part of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Solomon, Amy AU - Goddard, Lisa AU - Kumar, Arun AU - Carton, James AU - Deser, Clara AU - Fukumori, Ichiro AU - Greene, Arthur M AU - Hegerl, Gabriele AU - Kirtman, Ben AU - Kushnir, Yochanan AD - University of Colorado, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 141 EP - 156 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climate models KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Decadal variations KW - Climate change KW - Natural variability KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - adaptability KW - Climatic variability KW - Predictability KW - Meteorology KW - American Meteorological Society KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902369256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=Distinguishing+the+Roles+of+Natural+and+Anthropogenically+Forced+Decadal+Climate+Variability+Implications+for+Prediction&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Amy%3BGoddard%2C+Lisa%3BKumar%2C+Arun%3BCarton%2C+James%3BDeser%2C+Clara%3BFukumori%2C+Ichiro%3BGreene%2C+Arthur+M%3BHegerl%2C+Gabriele%3BKirtman%2C+Ben%3BKushnir%2C+Yochanan&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2962.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climate models; Predictability; Climatic variability; Decadal variations; Climate change; Natural variability; American Meteorological Society; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; anthropogenic factors; Meteorology; adaptability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS2962.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat capacity of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) at high temperatures and high pressures AN - 889397958; 14916990 AB - Isobaric heat capacity of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) has been measured with a vacuum adiabatic calorimeter immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. Measurements were made in the temperature range from 293 to 671 K and at pressures up to 60 MPa. The uncertainty of heat capacity, pressure, and temperature measurements were estimated to be 2-2.5%, 0.05%, and 15 mK, respectively. The measured values of heat capacity were compared with the values calculated from a surrogate mixture model (equation of state, EOS). The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the present data and the values calculated with EOS was 0.81%. JF - Fuel AU - Abdulagatov, I M AU - Azizov, N D AD - Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia, ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 563 EP - 567 PB - Elsevier, Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0016-2361, 0016-2361 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Vacuum calorimeter KW - Heat capacity KW - Rocket propellant (RP-1) KW - Thermal decomposition KW - Fuels KW - Propellants KW - Temperature KW - temperature measurement KW - high temperature KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/889397958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel&rft.atitle=Heat+capacity+of+rocket+propellant+%28RP-1+fuel%29+at+high+temperatures+and+high+pressures&rft.au=Abdulagatov%2C+I+M%3BAzizov%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Abdulagatov&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel&rft.issn=00162361&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuel.2010.09.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Temperature; Propellants; temperature measurement; high temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global component aerosol direct radiative effect at the top of atmosphere AN - 888103188; 15024741 AB - The two-step approach of combining Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 is a subset of m with the component AOT fractions from the Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC)/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed by the first author in a previous publication has been extended to cloud-free land areas for nearly global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing the ADRE computation with calculations from the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model at globally distributed AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed from AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. The promising validation results provide support for extending the two-step approach from global clear-sky oceans to global clear-sky land areas. The global annual mean values of ADRE for clear-sky condition are +0.3 +/- 0.2 W m super(-2) for black carbon, -1.0 +/- 0.6 W m super(-2) for organic carbon; -2.3 +/- 0.7 W m super(-2) for sulphate; -1.6 +/- 0.5 W m super(-2) for dust; -2.2 +/- 0.6 W m super(-2) for sea salt; -2.4 +/- 0.8 W m super(-2) for anthropogenic aerosol; -4.5 +/- 1.2 W m super(-2) for natural aerosol; and -6.8 +/- 1.7 W m super(-2) for total aerosols. For global average cloudy skies, the all-sky values of component ADRE are about 42% of their clear-sky counterparts. The major sources of uncertainty in the estimates are also discussed. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Zhao, Tom X -P AU - Loeb, Norman G AU - Laszlo, Istvan AU - Zhou, Mi AD - National Climatic Data Center, NOAA/NESDIS, Asheville, NC, USA Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Optical properties KW - Organic carbon KW - Atmosphere KW - Dust KW - Sulphates KW - black carbon KW - Radiation KW - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) KW - radiative transfer KW - Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) KW - Marine KW - Aerosols KW - Organic aerosols in atmosphere KW - Ocean circulation KW - Clouds KW - Salts KW - Radiative transfer models KW - Satellite data KW - Optical properties of aerosols KW - Oceans KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Radiative transfer KW - Eolian dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.593:Optical (551.593) KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888103188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Global+component+aerosol+direct+radiative+effect+at+the+top+of+atmosphere&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Tom+X+-P%3BLoeb%2C+Norman+G%3BLaszlo%2C+Istvan%3BZhou%2C+Mi&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Tom+X&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431161.2010.517790 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a934099715~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clouds; Aerosols; Optical properties; Organic carbon; Atmospheric chemistry; Ocean circulation; Radiative transfer; Sulphates; Eolian dust; Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET); Radiative transfer models; Satellite data; Atmospheric pollution models; Optical properties of aerosols; Radiation; Organic aerosols in atmosphere; MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer); Salts; black carbon; Oceans; radiative transfer; Atmosphere; Dust; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.517790 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Ensemble Predictions of 2009's Tropical Cyclones Initialized with an Ensemble Kalman Filter AN - 883045826; 15294961 AB - Verification was performed on ensemble forecasts of 2009 Northern Hemisphere summer tropical cyclones (TCs) from two experimental global numerical weather prediction ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The first model was a high-resolution version (T382L64) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The second model was a 30-km version of the experimental NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory's Flow-following finite-volume Icosahedral Model (FIM). Both models were initialized with the first 20 members of a 60-member ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) using the T382L64 GFS. The GFS-EnKF assimilated the full observational data stream that was normally assimilated into the NCEP operational Global Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation, plus human-synthesized "observations" of tropical cyclone central pressure and position produced at the National Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The forecasts from the two experimental ensembles were compared against four operational EPSs from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NCEP, the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC), and the Met Office (UKMO). The errors of GFS-EnKF ensemble track forecasts were competitive with those from the ECMWF ensemble system, and the overall spread of the ensemble tracks was consistent in magnitude with the track error. Both experimental EPSs had much lower errors than the operational NCEP, UKMO, and CMC EPSs, but the FIM-EnKF tracks were somewhat less accurate than the GFS-EnKF. The ensemble forecasts were often stretched in particular directions, and not necessarily along or across track. The better-performing EPSs provided useful information on potential track error anisotropy. While the GFS-EnKF initialized relatively deep vortices by assimilating the TC central pressure estimate, the model storms filled during the subsequent 24 h. Other forecast models also systematically underestimated TC intensity (e.g., maximum forecast surface wind speed). The higher-resolution models generally had less bias. Analyses were conducted to try to understand whether the additional central pressure observation, the EnKF, or the extra resolution was most responsible for the decrease in track error of the experimental Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS)-EnKF over the operational NCEP. The assimilation of the additional TC observations produced only a small change in deterministic track forecasts initialized with the GSI. The T382L64 GFS-EnKF ensemble was used to initialize a T126L28 ensemble forecast to facilitate a comparison with the operational NCEP system. The T126L28 GFS-EnKF EPS track forecasts were dramatically better than the NCEP operational, suggesting the positive impact of the EnKF, perhaps through improved steering flow. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Hamill, Thomas M AU - Whitaker, Jeffrey S AU - Fiorino, Michael AU - Benjamin, Stanley G AD - NOAA/Earth System Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA, tom.hamill@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 668 EP - 688 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Ensembles KW - Kalman Filters KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Northern Hemisphere KW - Forecast verification KW - Prediction KW - Surface winds KW - Vortexes KW - Streams KW - Data assimilation KW - Storms KW - Wind speed KW - Tropical Cyclones KW - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather KW - Vortices KW - Anisotropy KW - Ensemble forecasting KW - Kalman filter KW - Kalman filters KW - Errors KW - Warning systems KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Model Studies KW - Interpolation KW - Hurricanes KW - Reviews KW - Stream KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883045826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Global+Ensemble+Predictions+of+2009%27s+Tropical+Cyclones+Initialized+with+an+Ensemble+Kalman+Filter&rft.au=Hamill%2C+Thomas+M%3BWhitaker%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BFiorino%2C+Michael%3BBenjamin%2C+Stanley+G&rft.aulast=Hamill&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010MWR3456.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 90 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Hurricanes; Vortices; Anisotropy; Stream; Kalman filters; Warning systems; Weather forecasting; Ecosystem disturbance; Surface winds; Ensemble forecasting; Kalman filter; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; Tropical cyclones; Vortexes; Storms; Data assimilation; Interpolation; Prediction; Kalman Filters; Weather; Tropical Cyclones; Reviews; Errors; Streams; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3456.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Spotlight Offshoring and Import Price Measurement: Selected Research From the Conference on "Measurement Issues Arising From the Growth of Globalization" AN - 881466500; 2011-104635 AB - A summary of selected research from this conference. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Houseman, Susan N AD - Senior economist with the Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 7 EP - 12 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Science and technology policy - Mathematics KW - Social conditions and policy - Associations and meetings KW - Business and service sector - Business organization and administration KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industrial management, production, and productivity KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - International relations - International relations KW - Measurement KW - Conferences KW - Prices KW - Outsourcing KW - Globalization KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881466500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=Research+Spotlight+Offshoring+and+Import+Price+Measurement%3A+Selected+Research+From+the+Conference+on+%22Measurement+Issues+Arising+From+the+Growth+of+Globalization%22&rft.au=Houseman%2C+Susan+N&rft.aulast=Houseman&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Measurement; Conferences; Outsourcing; Prices; Globalization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GDP and the Economy: Advance Estimates for the Fourth Quarter of 2010 AN - 881466489; 2011-104634 AB - Real GDP increased 3.2 percent after increasing 2.6 percent in the third quarter. Imports turned down, consumer spending picked up, and residential investment turned up. In 2010, real GDP increased 2.9 percent after decreasing 2.6 percent in 2009. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - [Unknown] Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Banking and public and private finance - Investments and securities KW - Economic conditions and policy - Consumers and consumption KW - Investments KW - Consumers KW - Economic conditions KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881466489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=GDP+and+the+Economy%3A+Advance+Estimates+for+the+Fourth+Quarter+of+2010&rft.au=%5BUnknown%5D&rft.aulast=%5BUnknown%5D&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economic conditions; Investments; Consumers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING INITIATIVE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AN - 880675330; 14868958 AB - The SMI's mission is to identify U.S. industry's priority sustainability needs, challenges, and opportunities and to develop and coordinate public-private sector efforts that support U.S. industry's sustainability priorities. Ultimately, the SMI team seeks to enhance American competitiveness through the implementation of sustainable business practices that are environmentally sound, cost effective, and value enhancing. The initiative developed this working definition of sustainable manufacturing: "manufacturing processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities and consumers, and are economically sound". JF - International Journal of Powder Metallurgy AU - McElnea, W K AD - International Economist, U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room 2213, Washington, DC 20230, USA, bill.mcelnea@trade.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 12 EP - 16 PB - A P M I International VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0888-7462, 0888-7462 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Manufacturing industry KW - USA KW - Natural resources KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - sustainability KW - competition KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/880675330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Powder+Metallurgy&rft.atitle=SUSTAINABLE+MANUFACTURING+INITIATIVE%3A+U.S.+DEPARTMENT+OF+COMMERCE&rft.au=McElnea%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=McElnea&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Powder+Metallurgy&rft.issn=08887462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Natural resources; Environmental impact; Sustainable development; sustainability; competition; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future Impact of Differential Interbasin Ocean Warming on Atlantic Hurricanes AN - 876228798; 14955912 AB - Global climate model simulations forced by future greenhouse warming project that the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warms at a slower rate than the tropical Indo-Pacific in the twenty-first century, consistent with their projections of a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Here, an atmospheric general circulation model is used to advance a consistent physical rationale that the suppressed warming of the TNA increases the vertical wind shear and static stability aloft in the main development region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes, and thus decreases overall Atlantic hurricane activity in the twenty-first century. A carefully designed suite of model experiments illustrates that the preferential warming of the tropical Indo-Pacific induces a global average warming of the tropical troposphere, via a tropical teleconnection mechanism, and thus increases atmospheric static stability and decreases convection over the suppressed warming region of the TNA. The anomalous diabatic cooling, in turn, forces the formation of a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave northwest of the forcing region, consistent with Gill's simple model of tropical atmospheric circulations, in such a way as to induce a secular increase of the MDR vertical wind shear. However, a further analysis indicates that the net effect of future greenhouse warming on the MDR vertical wind shear is less than the observed multidecadal swing of the MDR vertical wind shear in the twentieth century. Thus, it is likely that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation will still play a decisive role over the greenhouse warming in the fate of Atlantic hurricane activity throughout the twenty-first century under the assumption that the twenty-first-century changes in interbasin SST difference, projected by the global climate model simulations, are accurate. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Lee, Sang-Ki AU - Enfield, David B AU - Wang, Chunzai AD - Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL 33149, USA, sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 1264 EP - 1275 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Convection KW - Vertical stability KW - Convection development KW - I, Indo-Pacific KW - Static stability KW - Teleconnections KW - Wind shear KW - Climate models KW - Thermohaline circulation KW - Simulation KW - Troposphere KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - convection KW - Vertical wind shear KW - Global climate KW - Hurricanes KW - thermohaline circulation KW - Numerical simulations KW - Oceans KW - General circulation models KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Global warming KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.581:Latitudinal Influences (551.581) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876228798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Future+Impact+of+Differential+Interbasin+Ocean+Warming+on+Atlantic+Hurricanes&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sang-Ki%3BEnfield%2C+David+B%3BWang%2C+Chunzai&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sang-Ki&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3883.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Vertical stability; Hurricanes; Wind shear; Atmospheric forcing; Thermohaline circulation; Troposphere; Atmospheric circulation; Teleconnections; Vertical wind shear; Global climate; Climate models; Numerical simulations; General circulation models; Global warming; Convection development; Static stability; thermohaline circulation; Oceans; Simulation; convection; Greenhouse gases; I, Indo-Pacific; AN, North Atlantic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3883.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Seasonal Structure of Temperature Trends in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere AN - 869584947; 14781635 AB - Radiosonde data show a large seasonal difference in trends since 1979 in the tropical lower stratosphere, with a maximum cooling of 1 K decade super(-1) in December and January and a minimum in March or April at 50 mb between 10 degree N and 10 degree S. The statistically significant difference of up to 1 K decade super(-1) between trends in December and those in March amounts to up to 20% of the climatological seasonal cycle. Although the size of annual mean cooling trends differs substantially among datasets, the seasonal pattern of trends is similar in all six radiosonde datasets used here and is consistent with MSU satellite data for the lower stratosphere. This greater cooling in boreal winter essentially disappears below 100 mb, and the troposphere has a different and smaller seasonal trend pattern. Trends in the tropical stratosphere show an inverse relationship with those in the Arctic for 1979-2009, which might be related to changes in stratospheric circulation. In most radiosonde data, however, the seasonal pattern of tropical trends at 50 mb since 1979 seems to come from a seasonal difference in the size of the stratospheric cooling in the mid-1990s, and trends for longer time periods or those for 1995-2009 do not show the same seasonal dependence. Whether the strengthening of the seasonal cycle in the stratosphere represents a long-term change related to greenhouse gas forcing, a shorter-lived shift related to ozone depletion or unforced interdecadal variability requires careful further study. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Free, Melissa AD - NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, melissa.free@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 859 EP - 866 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts KW - Stratosphere KW - Temperature KW - Seasonal cycle KW - Remote Sensing KW - Variability KW - Climate change KW - Statistical analysis KW - Ozone depletion KW - Stratospheric cooling KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Stratospheric circulation KW - Radiosondes KW - Arctic KW - Seasonal variations KW - Ozone KW - Satellite Technology KW - radiosondes KW - Depletion KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Troposphere KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Radiosonde data KW - Polar environments KW - Cooling KW - Satellites KW - PN, Arctic KW - Long-term changes KW - Tropical environment KW - Interdecadal variability KW - Temperature trends KW - Greenhouse gases KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869584947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+Seasonal+Structure+of+Temperature+Trends+in+the+Tropical+Lower+Stratosphere&rft.au=Free%2C+Melissa&rft.aulast=Free&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3841.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Long-term changes; Tropical environment; Climate change; Troposphere; Greenhouse effect; Radiosondes; Seasonal variations; Stratosphere; Ozone; Ozone depletion; Stratospheric cooling; Statistical analysis; Stratospheric circulation; Interdecadal variability; Temperature trends; Radiosonde data; Greenhouse gases; radiosondes; Sulfur dioxide; Climate; Polar environments; Satellites; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Variability; Depletion; Climates; Arctic; Cooling; PN, Arctic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3841.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rewriting the Climatology of the Tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea Atmosphere AN - 869578927; 14781613 AB - The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark reference for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere for over 50 years. However, recent observations and studies have suggested that during the months of the North Atlantic hurricane season, this region of the world is affected by multiple air masses with very distinct thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics. This study examined 6000 rawinsonde observations from the Caribbean Sea region taken during the core months (July-October) of the 1995-2002 hurricane seasons. It was found that single mean soundings created from this new dataset were very similar to C. L. Jordanas 1958 sounding work. However, recently developed multispectral satellite imagery that can track low- to midlevel dry air masses indicated that the 1995-2002 hurricane season dataset (and likely Jordanas dataset as well) was dominated by three distinct air masses: moist tropical (MT), Saharan air layer (SAL), and midlatitude dry air intrusions (MLDAIs). Findings suggest that each sounding is associated with unique thermodynamic, kinematic, stability, and mean sea level pressure characteristics and that none of these soundings is particularly well represented by a single mean sounding such as Jordanas. This work presents three new mean tropical soundings (MT, SAL, and MLDAI) for the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea region and includes information on their temporal variability, thermodynamics, winds, wind shear, stability, total precipitable water, and mean sea level pressure attributes. It is concluded that the new MT, SAL, and MLDAI soundings presented here provide a more robust depiction of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere during the Atlantic hurricane season and should replace the Jordan mean tropical sounding as the new benchmark soundings for this part of the world. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Dunion, Jason P AD - NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA, jason.dunion@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 893 EP - 908 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Sea level KW - Rawinsondes KW - Atmosphere KW - air masses KW - Mean sea level KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Dry air KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Thermodynamics of the atmosphere KW - Climatology KW - Air masses KW - Marine KW - Wind shear KW - Thermodynamics KW - Climate KW - Soundings KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Satellites KW - Sea level pressure KW - Hurricanes KW - benchmarks KW - Oceans KW - Tropical environment KW - Africa, Sahara Desert KW - Oceanographic data KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869578927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Rewriting+the+Climatology+of+the+Tropical+North+Atlantic+and+Caribbean+Sea+Atmosphere&rft.au=Dunion%2C+Jason+P&rft.aulast=Dunion&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3496.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mean sea level; Hurricanes; Wind shear; Thermodynamics; Tropical environment; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climatology; Soundings; Sea level pressure; Air masses; Dry air; Rawinsondes; Thermodynamics of the atmosphere; Seasonal variability; Oceanographic data; Sea level; benchmarks; Oceans; Climate; Satellites; Atmosphere; air masses; ASW, Caribbean Sea; Africa, Sahara Desert; AN, North Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3496.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attributing Tropical Cyclogenesis to Equatorial Waves in the Western North Pacific AN - 864963047; 14506255 AB - Tropical cyclogenesis is attributed to an equatorial wave when the filtered rainfall anomaly exceeds a threshold value at the genesis location. It is argued that 0 mm day super(-1) (simply requiring a positive anomaly) is too small a threshold because unrelated noise can produce a positive anomaly. A threshold of 6 mm day super(-1) is too large because two-thirds of storms would have no precursor disturbance. Between these extremes, consistent results are found for a range of thresholds from 2 to 4 mm day super(-1). Roughly twice as many tropical cyclones are attributed to tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances as to equatorial Rossby waves, mixed Rossby-gravity waves, or Kelvin waves. The influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is even smaller. The use of variables such as vorticity and vertical wind shear in other studies gives a larger contribution for the MJO. It is suggested that its direct influence on the rainfall in forming tropical cyclones is less than for other variables. The impacts of tropical cyclone-related precipitation anomalies are also presented. Tropical cyclones can contribute more than 20% of the warm-season rainfall and 50% of its total variance. The influence of tropical cyclones on the equatorial wave spectrum is generally small. The exception occurs in shorter-wavelength westward-propagating waves, for which tropical cyclones represent up to 27% of the variance. Tropical cyclones also significantly contaminate wave-filtered rainfall anomalies in their immediate vicinity. To mitigate this effect, the tropical cyclone-related anomalies were removed before filtering in this study. JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Schreck, Carl J, III AU - Molinari, John AU - Mohr, Karen I AD - Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina State University, and the National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC 28801, USA, carl.schreck@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 195 EP - 209 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4928, 0022-4928 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Cyclogenesis KW - Madden-Julian oscillation KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Waves KW - atmospheric KW - Rossby waves KW - Atmospheric sciences KW - Rainfall KW - Acoustic waves KW - Storms KW - Equatorial waves KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Tropical Cyclones KW - Precipitation anomalies KW - Noise pollution KW - Wind KW - Shear KW - Wind shear KW - Precipitation KW - Tropical cyclogenesis KW - Tropical depressions KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Hurricanes KW - Tropical environment KW - Noise KW - Kelvin waves KW - Rainfall anomalies KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - M2 551.578.1:Liquid (551.578.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864963047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.atitle=Attributing+Tropical+Cyclogenesis+to+Equatorial+Waves+in+the+Western+North+Pacific&rft.au=Schreck%2C+Carl+J%2C+III%3BMolinari%2C+John%3BMohr%2C+Karen+I&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.issn=00224928&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAS3396.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Wind shear; Atmospheric sciences; Cyclogenesis; Tropical environment; Tropical depressions; Kelvin waves; Ecosystem disturbance; Equatorial waves; Rossby waves; Precipitation anomalies; Acoustic waves; Noise pollution; Tropical cyclogenesis; Tropical cyclones; Storms; Rainfall anomalies; Shear; Tropical Cyclones; Rainfall; Noise; Waves; Precipitation; Wind; IN, North Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3396.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land-Atmosphere Coupling Strength in the Global Forecast System AN - 864962241; 14506274 AB - The operational coupled land-atmosphere forecast model from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is evaluated for the strength and characteristics of its coupling in the water cycle between land and atmosphere. Following the protocols of the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) it is found that the Global Forecast System (GFS) atmospheric model coupled to the Noah land surface model exhibits extraordinarily weak land-atmosphere coupling, much as its predecessor, the GFS-Oregon State University (OSU) coupled system. The coupling strength is evaluated by the ability of subsurface soil wetness to affect locally the time series of precipitation. The surface fluxes in Noah are also found to be rather insensitive to subsurface soil wetness. Comparison to another atmospheric model coupled to Noah as well as a different land surface model show that Noah is responsible for some of the lack of sensitivity, primarily because its thick (10 cm) surface layer dominates the variability in surface latent heat fluxes. Noah is found to be as responsive as other land surface models to surface soil wetness and temperature variations, suggesting the design of the GLACE sensitivity experiment (based only on subsurface soil wetness) handicapped the Noah model. Additional experiments, in which the parameterization of evapotranspiration is altered, as well as experiments where surface soil wetness is also constrained, isolate the GFS atmospheric model as the principal source of the weak sensitivity of precipitation to land surface states. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Zhang, Li AU - Dirmeyer, Paul A AU - Wei, Jiangfeng AU - Guo, Zhichang AU - Lu, Cheng-Hsuan AD - NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland, and Wyle Information Systems, McLean, Virginia, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd., Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705-3106, USA, dirmeyer@cola.iges.org Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 147 EP - 156 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Variability KW - Surface layers KW - Time series analysis KW - Latent heat KW - Latent Heat KW - Atmospheric models KW - Hydrologic Cycle KW - Surface fluxes KW - Heat flux KW - Temperature KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Precipitation KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Model Studies KW - Hydrometeorology KW - Strength KW - Water cycle KW - Land-atmosphere interaction KW - Temperature variations KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Land-Atmosphere+Coupling+Strength+in+the+Global+Forecast+System&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Li%3BDirmeyer%2C+Paul+A%3BWei%2C+Jiangfeng%3BGuo%2C+Zhichang%3BLu%2C+Cheng-Hsuan&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Li&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JHM1319.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evapotranspiration; Surface layers; Hydrologic cycle; Heat flux; Water cycle; Surface fluxes; Precipitation; Time series analysis; Land-atmosphere interaction; Latent heat; Temperature variations; Atmospheric models; Hydrometeorology; Prediction; Hydrologic Cycle; Variability; Strength; Temperature; Latent Heat; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1319.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily Precipitation Statistics for South America: An Intercomparison between NCEP Reanalyses and Observations AN - 864962239; 14506272 AB - In this study, the authors document the extent to which the precipitation statistics of the new CFS reanalysis (CFSR) represent an improvement over the earlier reanalyses: the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (R1) and the NCEP-DOE Second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (R2). An intercomparison between the CFSR, R1, R2, and observations over South America was made for the period 1979-2006. The CFSR shows notable improvements in the large-scale precipitation patterns compared with the previous reanalyses (R1 and R2). In spite of these improvements, the CFSR has substantial biases in intensity and frequency of occurrence of rainfall events. Over west-central Brazil, the core region of the South American monsoon system (SAMS), the CFSR displays a dry bias during the onset phase of the SAMS wet season and a wet bias during the peak and decay phases of the SAMS wet season. The CFSR also displays a dry bias along the South American coast near the mouth of the Amazon and along the east coast of northeastern Brazil. A wet bias exists in all seasons over southeast Brazil and over the Andes Mountains. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - S Silva, Viviane B AU - Kousky, Vernon E AU - Higgins, RWayne AD - NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA, Viviane.Silva@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 101 EP - 117 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Rainfall KW - ASW, Brazil, Amazon Estuary KW - Statistical analysis KW - South America, Andes Mts. KW - Data reanalysis KW - Wet season KW - Storms KW - Atmospheric models KW - Mountains KW - Rainy season KW - Cores KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - ASW, Brazil KW - Seasonal variability KW - Precipitation statistics KW - Coasts KW - Marine KW - Precipitation KW - Model Studies KW - Hydrometeorology KW - Hydrometeorological research KW - Precipitation patterns KW - Monsoons KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.579.1:Water supply from precipitation (551.579.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Daily+Precipitation+Statistics+for+South+America%3A+An+Intercomparison+between+NCEP+Reanalyses+and+Observations&rft.au=S+Silva%2C+Viviane+B%3BKousky%2C+Vernon+E%3BHiggins%2C+RWayne&rft.aulast=S+Silva&rft.aufirst=Viviane&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JHM1303.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainy season; Ocean-atmosphere system; Storms; Monsoons; Hydrometeorological research; Statistical analysis; Seasonal variability; Precipitation patterns; Wet season; Data reanalysis; Precipitation statistics; Atmospheric models; Mountains; Hydrometeorology; Statistics; Cores; Rainfall; Precipitation; Model Studies; Coasts; ASW, Brazil, Amazon Estuary; ASW, Brazil; South America, Andes Mts.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1303.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A wavelet-based approach to assessing timing errors in hydrologic predictions AN - 864947216; 2011-038437 AB - Streamflow predictions typically contain errors in both the timing and the magnitude of peak flows. These two types of error often originate from different sources (e.g. rainfall-runoff modeling vs. routing) and hence may have different implications and ramifications for both model diagnosis and decision support. Thus, where possible and relevant, they should be distinguished and separated in model evaluation and forecast verification applications. Distinct information on timing errors in hydrologic prediction could lead to more targeted model improvements in a diagnostic evaluation context, as well as better-informed decisions in many practical applications, such as flood prediction, water supply forecasting, river regulation, navigation, and engineering design. However, information on timing errors in hydrologic predictions is rarely evaluated or provided. In this paper, we discuss the importance of assessing and quantifying timing error in hydrologic predictions and present a new approach, which is based on the cross wavelet transform (XWT) technique. The XWT technique transforms the time series of predictions and corresponding observations into a two-dimensional time-scale space and provides information on scale- and time-dependent timing differences between the two time series. The results for synthetic timing errors (both constant and time-varying) indicate that the XWT-based approach can estimate timing errors in streamflow predictions with reasonable reliability. The approach is then employed to analyze the timing errors in real streamflow simulations for a number of headwater basins in the US state of Texas. The resulting timing error estimates were consistent with the physiographic and climatic characteristics of these basins. A simple post-factum timing adjustment based on these estimates led to considerably improved agreement between streamflow observations and simulations, further illustrating the potential for using the XWT-based approach for timing error estimation. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Liu, Yuqiong AU - Brown, James AU - Demargne, Julie AU - Seo, Dong-Jun Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 210 EP - 224 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 397 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - experimental studies KW - rainfall KW - prediction KW - Texas KW - transportation KW - West Gulf River KW - rivers KW - simulation KW - models KW - errors KW - wavelets KW - navigation KW - runoff KW - mathematical methods KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - Harrison County Texas KW - water resources KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864947216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=A+wavelet-based+approach+to+assessing+timing+errors+in+hydrologic+predictions&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yuqiong%3BBrown%2C+James%3BDemargne%2C+Julie%3BSeo%2C+Dong-Jun&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yuqiong&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2010.11.040 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 68 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - errors; experimental studies; floods; fluvial features; Harrison County Texas; hydrology; mathematical methods; models; navigation; prediction; rainfall; rivers; runoff; simulation; Texas; transportation; United States; water resources; water supply; wavelets; West Gulf River DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.040 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combinatorial screening of osteoblast response to 3D calcium phosphate/poly(I mu -caprolactone) scaffolds using gradients and arrays AN - 861535044; 14198620 AB - There is a need for combinatorial and high-throughput methods for screening cell-biomaterial interactions to maximize tissue generation in scaffolds. Current methods employ a flat two-dimensional (2D) format even though three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are more representative of the tissue environment in vivo and cells are responsive to topographical differences of 2D substrates and 3D scaffolds. Thus, combinatorial libraries of 3D porous scaffolds were developed and used to screen the effect of nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (nACP) particles on osteoblast response. Increasing nACP content in poly(I mu -caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds promoted osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. The nACP-containing scaffolds released calcium and phosphate ions which are known to activate osteoblast function. Scaffold libraries were fabricated in two formats, gradients and arrays, and the magnitude of the effect of nACP on osteoblast proliferation was greater for arrays than gradients. The enhanced response in arrays can be explained by differences in cell culture designs, diffusional effects and differences in the ratio of "scaffold mass to culture medium". These results introduce a gradient library approach for screening large pore 3D scaffolds and demonstrate that inclusion of the nACP particles enhances osteoblast proliferation in 3D scaffolds. Further, comparison of gradients and arrays suggests that gradients were more sensitive for detecting effects of scaffold composition on cell adhesion (short time points, 1 day) whereas arrays were more sensitive at detecting effects on cell proliferation (longer time points, 14 day). JF - Biomaterials AU - Chatterjee, Kaushik AU - Sun, Limin AU - Chow, Laurence C AU - Young, Marian F AU - Simon, Carl G AD - Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, carl.simon@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 1361 EP - 1369 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - 3D scaffolds KW - Calcium phosphate KW - Combinatorial screening KW - Nanoparticles KW - Osteoblast KW - Tissue engineering KW - Osteoblasts KW - Ions KW - Pores KW - Phosphate KW - Cell culture KW - Cell proliferation KW - scaffolds KW - Combinatorial libraries KW - Cell adhesion KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861535044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Combinatorial+screening+of+osteoblast+response+to+3D+calcium+phosphate%2Fpoly%28I+mu+-caprolactone%29+scaffolds+using+gradients+and+arrays&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C+Kaushik%3BSun%2C+Limin%3BChow%2C+Laurence+C%3BYoung%2C+Marian+F%3BSimon%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Kaushik&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2010.10.043 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Osteoblasts; Pores; Phosphate; Cell culture; Cell proliferation; Combinatorial libraries; Calcium phosphate; scaffolds; Cell adhesion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An enhanced and automated approach for deriving a priori SAC-SMA parameters from the soil survey geographic database AN - 860379514; 14363616 AB - This paper presents an automated approach for processing the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and deriving gridded a priori parameters for the National Weather Service (NWS) Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model from these data sets. Our approach considerably extends methods previously used in the NWS and offers automated and geographically invariant ways of extracting soil information, interpreting soil texture, and spatially aggregating SAC-SMA parameters. The methodology is composed of four components. The first and second components are SSURGO and NLCD preprocessors. The third component is a parameter generator producing SAC-SMA parameters for each soil survey area on an approximately 30-m grid mesh. The last component is a postprocessor creating parameters for user-specified areas of interest on the Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project (HRAP) grid. Implemented in open-source software, this approach was employed by creating a set of SAC-SMA parameter and related soil property grids spanning 25 states, wherein it was shown to greatly reduce the derivation time and meanwhile yield results comparable to those based on the State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO). The broad applicability of the methodologies and associated intermediate products to hydrologic modeling is discussed. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Zhang, Yu AU - Zhang, Ziya AU - Reed, Seann AU - Koren, Victor AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Office of Hydrologic Development, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 219 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydrology KW - Model KW - Parameter KW - SSURGO KW - SAC-SMA KW - NLCD KW - Soil Texture KW - Rainfall KW - Automation KW - accounting KW - Soil KW - Computer programs KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Soil Surveys KW - Soil Properties KW - Weather KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Computers KW - Accounting KW - Databases KW - soil texture KW - Soil mechanics KW - soil surveys KW - Soil moisture KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860379514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=An+enhanced+and+automated+approach+for+deriving+a+priori+SAC-SMA+parameters+from+the+soil+survey+geographic+database&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yu%3BZhang%2C+Ziya%3BReed%2C+Seann%3BKoren%2C+Victor&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2010.05.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil mechanics; Soil; Weather; Computer programs; soil texture; Rainfall; soil surveys; accounting; Soil moisture; Databases; Hydrologic Models; Soil Texture; Computers; Soil Surveys; Automation; Soil Properties; Accounting; USA, California, Sacramento DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.05.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catching the prey: Sampling juvenile fish and invertebrate prey fields of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon during their early marine residence AN - 860378271; 14365026 AB - Marine diets of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the northern California Current are made up primarily of micronekton prey including juvenile fish, adult euphausiids, and large crab megalopae. However, these animals are seldom caught in the conventional plankton gears used to define juvenile salmon prey fields in ocean salmon programs. Four types of sampling gears with various mouth openings and configurations were examined for the ability to catch known juvenile salmon prey. Samples were examined for differences in species composition, relative biomass, length distribution, and taxonomic overlap with prey in the diets of salmon sampled concurrently. The herring, Marinovich, and Methot trawl nets generally caught juvenile prey fish such as hexagrammids, rockfish, cottids, and osmerids. These prey were in the 15-95mm fork-length range, consistent with the type and size eaten by juvenile salmon. The bongo net sampled smaller invertebrate prey, which are rarely eaten by juvenile salmon, but instead are common prey of the juvenile fish that salmon consume. Overlap between prey fields and salmon diets was moderate for samples from the larger gear types but low for those from bongo nets towed in the same area. The fact that no gear matched exactly with coho and Chinook salmon diets was related to differences in catchability of the prey in different gears but may also in part be probably due to the high mobility of juvenile salmon, which enables these fish to consume food in locations distant from where they are sampled, and also to selectively feed in areas of high prey concentration. Based on our analysis, we recommend the use of micronekton gears with larger mouth openings and mesh sizes for better filtration rather than standard plankton gears (i.e., bongo nets) for direct estimates of available prey resources for juvenile coho or Chinook salmon. Sampling the abundance, size, and distribution of prey fields for juvenile salmon during their first summer in the ocean, a period of high natural mortality, may help us to better understand the mechanisms of bottom-up forcing on interannual changes in salmon mortality. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Brodeur, Richard D AU - Daly, Elizabeth A AU - Benkwitt, Cassandra E AU - Morgan, Cheryl A AU - Emmett, Robert L AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA, rick.brodeur@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 65 EP - 73 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 1 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food organisms KW - Mobility KW - Food KW - Anadromous species KW - Abundance KW - Fishing gear KW - Food availability KW - Invertebrates KW - INE, Pacific, California Current KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Marine fish KW - Catchability KW - Invertebrata KW - Species composition KW - Sampling KW - Mouth KW - Prey KW - Salmon KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Plankton surveys KW - Juveniles KW - Decapoda KW - Biomass KW - Nets KW - Nekton KW - Filtration KW - Oceans KW - Fish KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Plankton KW - Q4 27740:Products KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860378271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Catching+the+prey%3A+Sampling+juvenile+fish+and+invertebrate+prey+fields+of+juvenile+coho+and+Chinook+salmon+during+their+early+marine+residence&rft.au=Brodeur%2C+Richard+D%3BDaly%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BBenkwitt%2C+Cassandra+E%3BMorgan%2C+Cheryl+A%3BEmmett%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Brodeur&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.11.023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nekton; Marine fish; Catchability; Juveniles; Plankton surveys; Food organisms; Anadromous species; Fishing gear; Food availability; Diets; Mortality; Mobility; Food; Abundance; Biomass; Nets; Filtration; Oceans; Species composition; Sampling; Mouth; Prey; Plankton; Salmon; Fish; Invertebrates; Decapoda; Invertebrata; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Oncorhynchus kisutch; INE, Pacific, California Current; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a codend mesh size increase on size selectivity and catch rates in a small-mesh bottom trawl fishery for longfin inshore squid, Loligo pealeii AN - 860375948; 14365028 AB - Loligo pealeii (longfin inshore squid) co-occurs with Atlantic butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) throughout the year and discarding in the L. pealeii bottom trawl fishery is the primary source of fishing mortality on the butterfish stock. Consequently, a codend mesh size increase in the Loligo fishery has been proposed as a management measure to minimize discarding of butterfish and other bycatch species. A paired-tow study was conducted using a Loligo twin trawl to assess the effects of a codend mesh size increase, from 50mm to 65mm (inside stretched mesh), on catch rates and size selection of the target and bycatch species. Relative mesh selection factors estimated from a SELECT model were: 1.7, 1.5, 2.2, and 3.0 for L. pealeii; P. triacanthus; Illex illecebrosus (Northern shortfin squid); and Merluccius bilinearis (silver hake), respectively. Catches of butterfish and silver hake in the 65mm codend were reduced by 58% and 41% in terms of numbers, respectively. However, a larger mesh size would be necessary to allow 50% escapement of the median sizes of mature silver hake and butterfish. A trade-off associated with the bycatch reductions is a 29% loss in the catch weight of the target species. However, the reduction in ex-vessel value of Loligo catch is probably not proportional to the percent loss in Loligo catch because most of the loss consisted of squid from the smallest market size categories which have the least value and are primarily discarded. In addition, a greater percentage of large, more valuable squid was caught in the 65mm codend. The September study results likely represent a worst-case scenario with respect to Loligo catch loss because the monthly mean body size of Loligo tends to be smallest during September. Most catches of the three bycatch species evaluated herein and Loligo smaller than 10cm are discarded, most likely dead, in the Loligo fishery. Therefore, a codend mesh size increase to 65mm should provide some conservation benefits to these stocks if a portion survive escapement. On a fleet-wide basis, the magnitude of bycatch reductions and Loligo catch loss will vary depending on seasonal changes in mean body size, vessel-specific gear characteristics and fishing practices. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Hendrickson, Lisa C AD - U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States, Lisa.Hendrickson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 42 EP - 51 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 108 IS - 1 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Codend mesh selectivity KW - Loligo pealeii KW - Illex illecebrosus KW - Peprilus triacanthus KW - Merluccius bilinearis KW - Bycatch reduction KW - Cephalopod fisheries KW - Fishing gear KW - Man-induced effects KW - body size KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Fishing KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Body size KW - Gear selectivity KW - Fishing mortality KW - Seasonal variations KW - Size KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - catches KW - Escapement KW - A, Atlantic KW - Environmental protection KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - By catch KW - Twins KW - Bottom trawls KW - Loligo KW - Conservation KW - Stocks KW - Triacanthus KW - fishing KW - Codends KW - Silver KW - Mortality causes KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08564:Instruments, tools, equipment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860375948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+codend+mesh+size+increase+on+size+selectivity+and+catch+rates+in+a+small-mesh+bottom+trawl+fishery+for+longfin+inshore+squid%2C+Loligo+pealeii&rft.au=Hendrickson%2C+Lisa+C&rft.aulast=Hendrickson&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.11.019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cephalopod fisheries; Fishing gear; Man-induced effects; Escapement; Ecosystem disturbance; Environmental protection; Marine fish; By catch; Fishery management; Bottom trawls; Gear selectivity; Body size; Stocks; Fishing mortality; Codends; Seasonal variations; Mortality causes; Size; Mortality; Fishing; Twins; Fisheries; Conservation; Silver; Models; catches; Sulfur dioxide; body size; fishing; Merluccius bilinearis; Illex illecebrosus; Peprilus triacanthus; Loligo pealeii; Loligo; Triacanthus; A, Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Impact of Changes in Production Strategies in Tropical Mexico AN - 860374823; 14327441 AB - This paper examines how traditional multicropping milpa systems have been abandoned in a locality in southeast Veracruz. In a relatively short period of time, the economic and social fabric that allowed the people of Soteapan to maintain these production strategies was seriously disrupted. In addition, economic forces undermined the capacity of the time-honored milpa production systems to provide food security and improve household livelihoods. Trade liberalization intensified price reductions of the most important crops while support for agriculture through public policies was curtailed. A direct consequence is the weakening and abandonment of milpa systems with important negative environmental effects. Because agro-biodiversity is a critical component of sustainable agriculture, new policies are needed to recover the capacity to guarantee food security and to continue to provide important environmental services. JF - Journal of Sustainable Agriculture AU - Nadal, Alejandro AU - Rano, Hugo Garcia AD - Center for Economic Studies, El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 180 EP - 207 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1044-0046, 1044-0046 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - public policy KW - Food security KW - food security KW - Crops KW - households KW - Economics KW - Sustainable agriculture KW - Mexico, Veracruz KW - Trade liberalization KW - sustainable agriculture KW - agriculture KW - Environmental impact KW - Mexico KW - Households KW - trade liberalization KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860374823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Environmental+Impact+of+Changes+in+Production+Strategies+in+Tropical+Mexico&rft.au=Nadal%2C+Alejandro%3BRano%2C+Hugo+Garcia&rft.aulast=Nadal&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.issn=10440046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10440046.2011.539132 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Trade liberalization; sustainable agriculture; public policy; Environmental impact; agriculture; Food security; food security; Crops; households; trade liberalization; Households; Economics; Sustainable agriculture; Mexico, Veracruz; Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.539132 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantifying vitellogenin in Pacific salmon and assessment of field exposure to environmental estrogens AN - 858424205; 14430331 AB - A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to quantitate vitellogenin (VTG) in plasma and serum of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon. The working range of the assay was 9 to 313 ng/ml (80-20% binding), with 50% binding at 54 ng/ml. The intra-assay and interassay variations at approximately 50% binding were 8.1% (n = 9) and 9.0% (n = 9), respectively. Dilution curves of plasma or serum from coho and chinook females and estrogen-treated males were parallel to the purified coho VTG standard curve. Male plasma samples could be assayed at a minimum dilution of 1:40 (chinook) or 1:75 (coho) without assay interference because of high sample concentration, whereas minimum acceptable dilutions of male serum samples were 1:200 (chinook) or 1:600 (coho). Identification of proper techniques for preserving VTG integrity in plasma and serum samples showed that VTG from both species was robust; both sample types required no protease inhibitor despite subjection to two freeze-thaw cycles. To test its applicability, this assay was used to measure VTG in out-migrating juvenile chinook that were collected from urban and nonurban areas in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Results showed a small but significant plasma VTG elevation at two urban sites, suggesting that these juveniles may be exposed to environmental estrogens at an early life stage. Also, wild fish tended to have higher plasma VTG levels than hatchery fish collected in the field. Elevation of mean VTG levels was similar to that previously reported in male English sole from the same area, where both males and females exhibited alterations in timing of spawning. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Peck, Karen A AU - Lomax, Daniel P AU - Olson, OPaul AU - Sol, Sean Y AU - Swanson, Penny AU - Johnson, Lyndal L AD - Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, karen.a.peck@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 01 SP - 477 EP - 486 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 1552-8618, 1552-8618 KW - Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Vitellogenin KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Salmon KW - Endocrine disruptors KW - Puget Sound KW - Anadromous species KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - spawning KW - Sex hormones KW - Sound KW - Inhibitors KW - Toxicology KW - Urban areas KW - proteinase inhibitors KW - Estrogens KW - Proteinase inhibitors KW - Geochemistry KW - Developmental stages KW - Spawning KW - Hatcheries KW - Serum KW - salmon KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - Fish KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Immunoassays KW - estrogens KW - Freeze-thawing KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q3 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment KW - X 24300:Methods KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858424205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay+for+quantifying+vitellogenin+in+Pacific+salmon+and+assessment+of+field+exposure+to+environmental+estrogens&rft.au=Peck%2C+Karen+A%3BLomax%2C+Daniel+P%3BOlson%2C+OPaul%3BSol%2C+Sean+Y%3BSwanson%2C+Penny%3BJohnson%2C+Lyndal+L&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=15528618&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fetc.390 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serum; Anadromous species; Geochemistry; Inhibitors; Toxicology; Sex hormones; Hatcheries; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Estrogens; Vitellogenin; Proteinase inhibitors; Sound; Developmental stages; Spawning; Freeze-thawing; proteinase inhibitors; salmon; Fish; spawning; Immunoassays; Urban areas; estrogens; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Oncorhynchus kisutch; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.390 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of seasonal predictability in coupled model forecasts AN - 856788565; 14326288 AB - In the recent decade, operational seasonal prediction systems based on initialized coupled models have been developed. An analysis of how the predictability of seasonal means in the initialized coupled predictions evolves with lead-time is presented. Because of the short lead-time, such an analysis for the temporal behavior of seasonal predictability involves a mix of both the predictability of the first and the second kind. The analysis focuses on the lead-time dependence of ensemble mean variance, and the forecast spread. Further, the analysis is for a fixed target season of December-January-February, and is for sea surface temperature, rainfall, and 200-mb height. The analysis is based on a large set of hindcasts from an initialized coupled seasonal prediction system. Various aspects of predictability of the first and the second kind are highlighted for variables with long (for example, SST), and fast (for example, atmospheric) adjustment time scale. An additional focus of the analysis is how the predictability in the initialized coupled seasonal predictions compares with estimates based on the AMIP simulations. The results indicate that differences in the set up of AMIP simulations and coupled predictions, for example, representation of air-sea interactions, and evolution of forecast spread from initial conditions do not change fundamental conclusion about the seasonal predictability. A discussion of the analysis presented herein, and its implications for the use of AMIP simulations for climate attribution, and for time-slice experiments to provide regional information, is also included. JF - Climate Dynamics AU - Peng, P AU - Kumar, A AU - Wang, W AD - Climate Prediction Center, NOAA, Washington, DC, USA, arun.kumar@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 637 EP - 648 PB - Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3 Berlin 14197 Germany VL - 36 IS - 3-4 SN - 0930-7575, 0930-7575 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Marine KW - Climate models KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Rainfall KW - Climates KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Model Studies KW - Air-sea interaction KW - Atmosphere-ocean coupled models KW - Behavior KW - Predictability KW - Numerical simulations KW - Seasonal variability KW - Initial conditions KW - Sea surface temperature forecasting KW - Evolution KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - O 2050:Chemical Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856788565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Dynamics&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+seasonal+predictability+in+coupled+model+forecasts&rft.au=Peng%2C+P%3BKumar%2C+A%3BWang%2C+W&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climate+Dynamics&rft.issn=09307575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00382-009-0711-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air-sea interaction; Simulation; Modelling; Climate models; Atmosphere-ocean coupled models; Numerical simulations; Predictability; Seasonal variability; Initial conditions; Sea surface temperature forecasting; Prediction; Behavior; Simulation Analysis; Rainfall; Climates; Temperature; Evolution; Model Studies; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0711-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of a distinctive morphotype of killer whale (Orcinus orca), type D, from subantarctic waters AN - 856787911; 14326529 AB - Studies have shown that killer whale (Orcinus orca) communities in high latitudes regularly comprise assemblages of sympatric 'ecotypes'--forms that differ in morphology, behavior, and prey preferences. Although they can appear superficially similar, recent genetic evidence suggests that breeding is assortative among ecotypes within individual communities, and species-level divergences are inferred in some cases. Here, we provide information on a recently recognized 'type D' killer whale based on photographs of a 1955 mass stranding in New Zealand and our own six at-sea sightings since 2004. It is the most distinctive-looking form of killer whale that we know of, immediately recognizable by its extremely small white eye patch. Its geographic range appears to be circumglobal in subantarctic waters between latitudes 40 degree S and 60 degree S. School sizes are relatively large (mean 17.6; range 9-35; n=7), and although nothing is known about the type D diet, it is suspected to include fish because groups have been photographed around longline vessels where they reportedly depredate Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides). JF - Polar Biology AU - Pitman, Robert L AU - Durban, John W AU - Greenfelder, Michael AU - Guinet, Christophe AU - Jorgensen, Morton AU - Olson, Paula A AU - Plana, Jordi AU - Tixier, Paul AU - Towers, Jared R AD - Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA, robert.pitman@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - Feb 2011 SP - 303 EP - 306 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0722-4060, 0722-4060 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Food organisms KW - Fishing vessels KW - Eye KW - Sympatric populations KW - Longlining KW - Stranding KW - Orcinus orca KW - Breeding KW - Ecotypes KW - Marine mammals KW - Photographs KW - Body size KW - Dissostichus eleginoides KW - Cetacea KW - New Zealand KW - Prey KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08373:Taxonomy and morphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856787911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polar+Biology&rft.atitle=Observations+of+a+distinctive+morphotype+of+killer+whale+%28Orcinus+orca%29%2C+type+D%2C+from+subantarctic+waters&rft.au=Pitman%2C+Robert+L%3BDurban%2C+John+W%3BGreenfelder%2C+Michael%3BGuinet%2C+Christophe%3BJorgensen%2C+Morton%3BOlson%2C+Paula+A%3BPlana%2C+Jordi%3BTixier%2C+Paul%3BTowers%2C+Jared+R&rft.aulast=Pitman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polar+Biology&rft.issn=07224060&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00300-010-0871-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Food organisms; Fishing vessels; Ecotypes; Marine mammals; Photographs; Longlining; Body size; Stranding; Diets; Eye; Breeding; Sympatric populations; Prey; Orcinus orca; Dissostichus eleginoides; Cetacea; New Zealand; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0871-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In-situ characterization of self-assembled monolayers of water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) compounds AN - 855690698; 14042264 AB - In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was utilized to examine the formation of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) [OEO] disulfide [S(CH2CH2O)6CH3]2 {[S(EO)6]2} and two analogous thiols - HS(CH2CH2O)6CH3 {(EO)6} and HS(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)5CH3 {C3(EO)5} - on Au from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data for all compounds follow simple Langmuirian models with the disulfide reaching a self-limiting final state (d =1.2nm) more rapidly than the full coverage final states of the thiol analogs (d =2.0nm). The in-situ ellipsometric thicknesses of all compounds were found to be nearly identical to earlier ex-situ ellipsometric measurements suggesting similar surface coverages and structural models in air and under water. Exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA) shows the self-limiting (d =1.2nm) [S(EO)6]2 SAMs to be the most highly protein resistant surfaces relative to bare Au and completely-formed SAMs of the two analogous thiols and octadecanethiol (ODT). When challenged with up to near physiological levels of BSA (2.5mg/mL), protein adsorption on the final state [S(EO)6]2 SAM was only 3% of that which adsorbed to the bare Au and ODT SAMs. JF - Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces AU - Walker, Marlon L AU - Vanderah, David J AU - Rubinson, Kenneth A AD - Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, david.vanderah@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 01 SP - 450 EP - 455 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0927-7765, 0927-7765 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry KW - Self-assembled monolayers KW - Oligo(ethylene oxide)s KW - Protein adsorption KW - Data processing KW - Bovine serum albumin KW - Colloids KW - Kinetics KW - Thiols KW - Adsorption KW - oxides KW - Models KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855690698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colloids+and+Surfaces+B%3A+Biointerfaces&rft.atitle=In-situ+characterization+of+self-assembled+monolayers+of+water-soluble+oligo%28ethylene+oxide%29+compounds&rft.au=Walker%2C+Marlon+L%3BVanderah%2C+David+J%3BRubinson%2C+Kenneth+A&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Marlon&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Colloids+and+Surfaces+B%3A+Biointerfaces&rft.issn=09277765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2010.09.029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Colloids; Bovine serum albumin; Kinetics; Thiols; Adsorption; oxides; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of polyethyleneimine graftings of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on their accumulation and elimination by and toxicity to Daphnia magna. AN - 848687156; 21182278 AB - Modifications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for different applications may change their physicochemical properties such as surface charge. Assessments of the extent to which such modifications influence CNT ecotoxicity, accumulation, and elimination behaviors are needed to understand potential environmental risks these variously modified nanoparticles may pose. We have modified carbon-14 labeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface coatings to increase their aqueous stability and to give them positive, negative, or neutral surface charges. Uptake and elimination behaviors of Daphnia magna exposed to PEI-coated and acid-modified MWNTs at concentrations of approximately 25 and 250 μg/L were quantified. PEI surface coatings did not appear to substantially impact nanotube accumulation or elimination rates. Although the PEI-modified nanotubes exhibited enhanced stability in aqueous solutions, they appeared to aggregate in the guts of D. magna in a manner similar to acid-treated nanotubes. The MWNTs were almost entirely eliminated by Daphnia fed algae during a 48 h elimination experiment, whereas elimination without feeding was typically minimal. Finally, PEI coatings increased MWNT toxicities, though this trend corresponded to the size of the PEI coatings, not their surface charges. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Petersen, Elijah J AU - Pinto, Roger A AU - Mai, Danielle J AU - Landrum, Peter F AU - Weber, Walter J AD - Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States. Elijah.Petersen@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Feb 01 SP - 1133 EP - 1138 VL - 45 IS - 3 KW - Nanotubes, Carbon KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Polyethyleneimine KW - 9002-98-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Models, Biological KW - Surface Properties KW - Polyethyleneimine -- toxicity KW - Daphnia -- metabolism KW - Polyethyleneimine -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- chemistry KW - Daphnia -- drug effects KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Polyethyleneimine -- chemistry KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/848687156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+polyethyleneimine+graftings+of+multi-walled+carbon+nanotubes+on+their+accumulation+and+elimination+by+and+toxicity+to+Daphnia+magna.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+Elijah+J%3BPinto%2C+Roger+A%3BMai%2C+Danielle+J%3BLandrum%2C+Peter+F%3BWeber%2C+Walter+J&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Elijah&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=1520-5851&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes1030239 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2011-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es1030239 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How Does Rain Affect Surface Pressure in a One-Dimensional Framework? AN - 1777145191; 14506261 AB - The process of hydrostatic adjustment in a vertical column is discussed in the context of rain formation and sedimentation. The authors assume an event of instantaneous condensation in a midatmospheric layer that removes mass from the gas phase and produces latent heating. It is shown that the rain formation leads to a change of the surface pressure after a short period of acoustic wave activity. There is, however, no hydrostatic surface effect once the particles reach terminal velocity. It is not until the rain reaches the ground that the surface pressure decreases consistently with the mass removed by the phase change. Only the mass removal introduces perturbations below the layer of rain formation, where it acts to stretch the lower levels, reducing pressure and temperature. Above the layer of rain formation, the effects of latent heating dominate over the effects of mass removal by an order of magnitude. The hydrostatic adjustment time is found to be approximately equal to e super(2)N sub(a) super( -1) (340 s, where N sub(a) is the acoustic cutoff frequency and e is the Euler constant) and is proportional to the temperature of the isothermal basic state. The energy distribution is found to be dominated by the latent heating. However, the mass removal significantly alters the amount of energy lost due to work done by the pressure perturbations. The implications for numerical modeling are discussed. JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Spengler, Thomas AU - Egger, Joseph AU - Garner, Stephen T AD - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, NJ 08540-6654, USA thomas.spengler@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 347 EP - 360 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4928, 0022-4928 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Latent heating/cooling KW - Numerical analysis/modeling KW - Rainfall KW - Surface pressure KW - Heating KW - Acoustics KW - Hydrostatics KW - Perturbation methods KW - Rain KW - Sedimentation KW - Phase change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777145191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.atitle=How+Does+Rain+Affect+Surface+Pressure+in+a+One-Dimensional+Framework%3F&rft.au=Spengler%2C+Thomas%3BEgger%2C+Joseph%3BGarner%2C+Stephen+T&rft.aulast=Spengler&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.issn=00224928&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAS3582.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3582.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific ocean AN - 1642282642; 14209113 AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution, abundance and characteristics of plastic particles in plankton samples collected routinely in Northeast Pacific ecosystems, and to contribute to the development of ideas for future research into the occurrence and impact of small plastic debris in marine pelagic ecosystems. Plastic debris particles were assessed from zooplankton samples collected as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ongoing ecosystem surveys during two research cruises in the Southeast Bering Sea in the spring and fall of 2006 and four research cruises off the U.S. west coast (primarily off southern California) in spring, summer and fall of 2006, and in January of 2007. Nets with 0.505mm mesh were used to collect surface samples during all cruises, and sub-surface samples during the four cruises off the west coast. The 595 plankton samples processed indicate that plastic particles are widely distributed in surface waters. The proportion of surface samples from each cruise that contained particles of plastic ranged from 8.75 to 84.0%, whereas particles were recorded in sub-surface samples from only one cruise (in 28.2% of the January 2007 samples). Spatial and temporal variability was apparent in the abundance and distribution of the plastic particles and mean standardized quantities varied among cruises with ranges of 0.004-0.19particles/m3, and 0.014-0.209mgdry mass/m3. Off southern California, quantities for the winter cruise were significantly higher, and for the spring cruise significantly lower than for the summer and fall surveys (surface data). Differences between surface particle concentrations and mass for the Bering Sea and California coast surveys were significant for pair-wise comparisons of the spring but not the fall cruises. The particles were assigned to three plastic product types: product fragments, fishing net and line fibers, and industrial pellets; and five size categories: 2.5-5mm, >5-10mm, and >10mm. Product fragments accounted for the majority of the particles, and most were less than 2.5mm in size. The ubiquity of such particles in the survey areas and predominance of sizes 10mm. Product fragments accounted for the majority of the particles, and most were less than 2.5mm in size. The ubiquity and size distribution of such particles implies persistence in these pelagic ecosystems as a result of continuous breakdown from larger plastic debris fragments, and widespread distribution by ocean currents. Detailed investigations of the trophic ecology of individual zooplankton species, and their encounter rates with plastic particles in pelagic ecosystems, are required in order to understand the potential for ingestion of such debris particles by these organisms. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Doyle, Miriam J AU - Watson, William AU - Bowlin, Noelle M AU - Sheavly, Seba B AD - Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, P.O. Box 355672, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA miriam.doyle@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 41 EP - 52 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 71 IS - 1 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Plastic particles KW - Fragments KW - Fibers KW - Pellets KW - Pelagic ecosystems KW - Southeast Bering sea KW - California current KW - Marine KW - Springs KW - Ecosystems KW - Abundance KW - Coastal KW - Surveys KW - Debris UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642282642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Plastic+particles+in+coastal+pelagic+ecosystems+of+the+Northeast+Pacific+ocean&rft.au=Doyle%2C+Miriam+J%3BWatson%2C+William%3BBowlin%2C+Noelle+M%3BSheavly%2C+Seba+B&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marenvres.2010.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.10.001 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhancing local river flood hazard communication at the Rio Grande Valley AN - 918055827; 16192395 AB - River flooding along the lower Rio Grande reached record to near record levels in middle to late July of 2010, after estimates of more than 127 cm (50 inches) of rain fell across the northern portions of the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeast Mexico, mainly in the states of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Chihuahua, associated with the remnants of Hurricane Alex and Tropical Depression Number Two. Initial heavy rains across mountainous Nuevo Leon produced devastating flash floods in Monterrey; and additional heavy rains produced additional runoff which filled up a network of reservoirs on the lee side of the Sierra Madre in Mexico, and along the lower Rio Grande. Ultimately, the water flowed into a network of floodways in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Flooding impacted a number of communities along and near the river in Texas and Mexico. The National Weather Service Forecast Office (WFO) in Brownsville, Texas, utilized multiple sources of information to communicate the threat of flooding to locations along the lower Rio Grande. These sources included observed and forecasted river stage levels; near-real time situation reports from towns, cities, and portions of counties impacted by high water; expertise from the U.S. International Boundary and Water Commission, West Gulf River Forecast Center, and WFO Brownsville; photographic and video evidence, and Geo-referenced data. The data was assimilated into a number of information streams including standard NWS River Flood Warning text products, areal-based Hydrologic Flood Advisories for potential flood areas not in or near a river forecast point, near-real time web page news articles and event stories, and routinely updated river-at-a-glance observed and forecast graphics. Several of these information streams were provided in English and in Spanish. The effectiveness of combining multiple data sources into clear, specific messages for a variety of stakeholders will be discussed. Results from conversations with stakeholders will be used to provide a possible framework for location-specific hydrologic messages that incorporate geographic, demographic, and sociological information to further improve how flood threats are communicated to those in harm's way. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 23 Jan 2011. AU - Castillo, Mike AU - Vega, A AU - Goldsmith, B S AU - Estupinan, J Y1 - 2011/01/23/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 23 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Flash floods KW - Heavy precipitation KW - Water reservoirs KW - Communication KW - Freshwater KW - Gulfs KW - Streams KW - Socioeconomic aspects KW - Floods KW - Networks KW - Mexico, Chihuahua KW - American Meteorological Society KW - Reservoirs KW - Rivers KW - Policies KW - Rainfall runoff KW - USA, New Mexico, Lower Rio Grande KW - River stages KW - River discharge KW - Mexico, Nuevo Leon KW - Tropical depressions KW - Boundaries KW - Flood hazard KW - Flooding KW - Rain KW - Mexico, Coahuila KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918055827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enhancing+local+river+flood+hazard+communication+at+the+Rio+Grande+Valley&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Mike%3BVega%2C+A%3BGoldsmith%2C+B+S%3BEstupinan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.date=2011-01-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Californian forest fire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations AN - 856788211; 14309509 AB - Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physicochemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5-6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of ~0.7 and ~0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of r sub(eff, f) during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 mu m and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O sub(3) concentrations as well as elevated K super(+)/SO sub(4) ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physic-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - McKendry, I AU - Strawbridge, K AU - Karumudi, M L AU - O'Neill, N AU - Macdonald, A M AU - Leaitch, R AU - Jaffe, D AU - Cottle, P AU - Sharma, S AU - Sheridan, P AD - NOAA-Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011/01/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 17 SP - 465 EP - 477 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Aerosol transport KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - Aerosols KW - Forest fires KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - M2:551.593 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856788211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Californian+forest+fire+plumes+over+Southwestern+British+Columbia%3A+lidar%2C+sunphotometry%2C+and+mountaintop+chemistry+observations&rft.au=McKendry%2C+I%3BStrawbridge%2C+K%3BKarumudi%2C+M+L%3BO%27Neill%2C+N%3BMacdonald%2C+A+M%3BLeaitch%2C+R%3BJaffe%2C+D%3BCottle%2C+P%3BSharma%2C+S%3BSheridan%2C+P&rft.aulast=McKendry&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest fires; Aerosols; Canada, British Columbia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Copper-induced olfactory toxicity in salmon and steelhead: Extrapolation across species and rearing environments AN - 856778122; 14199005 AB - Recent research has shown that hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are vulnerable to the olfactory neurotoxicity caused by copper from urban runoff, pesticide use, and mining activities. To explore the broader application of this data to salmonids living in the wild, we exposed naturally-reared steelhead (O. mykiss) to copper (5 and 20 mu g/L; 3h) and measured losses in olfactory function via electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings. Copper exposure disrupted the olfactory responsiveness of steelhead to an amino acid (l-serine) in a dose-dependent manner that was equivalent to previously published data for hatchery coho. Our findings support extrapolation of copper toxicity data across species and from fish raised in hatcheries to fish in the wild. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Baldwin, David H AU - Tatara, Christopher P AU - Scholz, Nathaniel L AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA, David.Baldwin@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01/17/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 17 SP - 295 EP - 297 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Copper KW - Salmonid KW - Olfaction KW - Hatchery KW - Anadromous species KW - Toxicity tests KW - Urban runoff KW - Vulnerability KW - Pollution indicators KW - Fish culture KW - Toxicology KW - Data processing KW - Amino acids KW - Toxicity KW - Hatcheries KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Pesticides KW - salmon KW - Fish KW - vulnerability KW - L-Serine KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Runoff KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety KW - R 18000:Olfaction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856778122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Copper-induced+olfactory+toxicity+in+salmon+and+steelhead%3A+Extrapolation+across+species+and+rearing+environments&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+David+H%3BTatara%2C+Christopher+P%3BScholz%2C+Nathaniel+L&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2010.08.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Anadromous species; Vulnerability; Toxicity; Pollution indicators; Toxicity tests; Toxicology; Fish culture; Olfaction; Hatcheries; Amino acids; Data processing; Pesticides; Neurotoxicity; L-Serine; Copper; Runoff; Urban runoff; salmon; vulnerability; Fish; Oncorhynchus kisutch DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.08.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of interactions of brevetoxin-B and human serum albumin by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 840352600; 21142195 AB - Brevetoxins are neurotoxins produced by marine dinoflagellates, primarily Karenia brevis, and can cause intoxication and even mortality of marine species, affect human health through the consumption of brevetoxin-contaminated shellfish, and effect respiratory irritation through aerosol exposure at coastal areas. Brevetoxin-A and brevetoxin-B, the major brevetoxins produced in algae, are metabolized to a series of amino acid and peptide-related derivatives in shellfish through the reactions of the amino acid residue cysteine with an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde group. In this paper, covalent interactions between brevetoxin and proteins were investigated using brevetoxin-B and human serum albumin (HSA) as a model. It is demonstrated that both noncovalent and covalent interactions can occur between brevetoxin-B and HSA with in vitro experiments. Covalent adducts of brevetoxin-B and HSA were generated under physiological conditions and reduced with sodium borohydride based on the reaction conditions of single amino acid residues with brevetoxin-B. LC/MS analysis of toxin-treated HSA recognized the formation of the intact protein adducts with primarily one and two toxin molecules attached to one HSA molecule. HSA treated with/without brevetoxin-B was digested with trypsin, trypsin following chymotrypsin, and Pronase, respectively, for LC/MS analysis of adduction sites. Brevetoxin-B was found to react primarily with Cys(34) and His(3) and with His and Lys at other sites of HSA with variable reactivity and with Lys in general the least reactive. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - Ramsdell, John S AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA/National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA. Y1 - 2011/01/14/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 14 SP - 54 EP - 64 VL - 24 IS - 1 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Oxocins KW - Serum Albumin KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - brevetoxin B KW - 79580-28-2 KW - Chymotrypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.1 KW - Trypsin KW - EC 3.4.21.4 KW - Pronase KW - EC 3.4.24.- KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Histidine -- chemistry KW - Dinoflagellida -- metabolism KW - Chymotrypsin -- metabolism KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Trypsin -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding KW - Pronase -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Serum Albumin -- metabolism KW - Serum Albumin -- chemistry KW - Oxocins -- chemistry KW - Oxocins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/840352600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+interactions+of+brevetoxin-B+and+human+serum+albumin+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhihong%3BRamsdell%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhihong&rft.date=2011-01-14&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=1520-5010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx1002854 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-05-10 N1 - Date created - 2011-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx1002854 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small Interannual Variability of Global Atmospheric Hydroxyl AN - 904466496; 14213220 AB - The oxidizing capacity of the global atmosphere is largely determined by hydroxyl (OH) radicals and is diagnosed by analyzing methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) measurements. Previously, large year-to-year changes in global mean OH concentrations have been inferred from such measurements, suggesting that the atmospheric oxidizing capacity is sensitive to perturbations by widespread air pollution and natural influences. We show how the interannual variability in OH has been more precisely estimated from CH3CCl3 measurements since 1998, when atmospheric gradients of CH3CCl3 had diminished as a result of the Montreal Protocol. We infer a small interannual OH variability as a result, indicating that global OH is generally well buffered against perturbations. This small variability is consistent with measurements of methane and other trace gases oxidized primarily by OH, as well as global photochemical model calculations. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Montzka, SA AU - Krol, M AU - Dlugokencky, E AU - Hall, B AU - Joeckel, P AU - Lelieveld, J AD - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA PY - 2011 SP - 67 EP - 69 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 331 IS - 6013 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Atmospheric pollution variations KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Atmospheric pollution measurements KW - Environmental policy KW - Atmosphere KW - Environmental protection KW - Air pollution KW - Canada, Quebec, Montreal KW - Chloroform KW - Interannual variability KW - Photochemicals KW - Gases KW - Photochemical atmospheric pollution KW - Montreal Protocol KW - Hydroxyl photochemistry KW - Photochemical models KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904466496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Small+Interannual+Variability+of+Global+Atmospheric+Hydroxyl&rft.au=Montzka%2C+SA%3BKrol%2C+M%3BDlugokencky%2C+E%3BHall%2C+B%3BJoeckel%2C+P%3BLelieveld%2C+J&rft.aulast=Montzka&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=6013&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric pollution variations; Interannual variability; Atmospheric pollution; Photochemical atmospheric pollution; Montreal Protocol; Atmospheric pollution measurements; Hydroxyl photochemistry; Photochemical models; Air pollution; Chloroform; Methane; Gases; Photochemicals; Atmosphere; Environmental policy; Environmental protection; Canada, Quebec, Montreal ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 32 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127704; 14766-0_0032 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 32 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 16 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127699; 14766-0_0016 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 16 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 31 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127582; 14766-0_0031 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 31 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 30 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127577; 14766-0_0030 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 30 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 29 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127570; 14766-0_0029 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 29 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 24 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127484; 14766-0_0024 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 24 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 18 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127238; 14766-0_0018 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 18 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 10 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873127227; 14766-0_0010 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 10 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 22 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126679; 14766-0_0022 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 22 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 21 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126671; 14766-0_0021 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 21 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 20 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126666; 14766-0_0020 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 20 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 9 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126585; 14766-0_0009 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 9 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 8 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126580; 14766-0_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 8 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 6 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126570; 14766-0_0006 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 6 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 5 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126565; 14766-0_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 5 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 28 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126514; 14766-0_0028 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 28 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 27 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126509; 14766-0_0027 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 27 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 26 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126504; 14766-0_0026 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 26 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 3 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126301; 14766-0_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 3 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 2 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126297; 14766-0_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 1 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126289; 14766-0_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 14 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126181; 14766-0_0014 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 14 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 13 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126169; 14766-0_0013 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 13 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 12 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126159; 14766-0_0012 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 12 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 11 of 32] T2 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873126148; 14766-0_0011 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 VL - 11 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SILVER STRAND TRAINING COMPLEX, CITIES OF CORONADO AND IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 853675520; 14766 AB - PURPOSE: The expansion of naval training activities within the Navys Silver Strand Training Complex (SSTC) and southern nearshore areas of the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) in San Diego County, California is proposed. SSTC has been used by the Navy for over 60 years and is located on, and adjacent to, the Silver Strand, a narrow, sandy isthmus separating the San Diego Bay from the Pacific Ocean. SSTC is divided into two non-contiguous areas: SSTC-North (SSTC-N) and SSTC-South (SSTC-S). SSTC-N includes land areas on the northern-half of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. SSTC-S includes land on the southern-end of the Silver Strand peninsula, as well as adjacent nearshore waters of the Pacific Ocean. SSTC-N and SSTC-S are separated by the Silver Strand State Beach. The NASNI training area is separate from SSTC, but is used for similar types of training. It is composed of the beaches and near shore waters from Breakers Beach to Zuniga Jetty, west of the City of Coronado. The Navy is not proposing to expand the geographic area of SSTC or the NASNI training area. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to western snowy plover and least tern habitat, marine resources, threatened and endangered species, and effects on environmental health, safety and recreation. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are evaluated in this final EIS. Under Alternative 1, which is the preferred alternative, the Navy would increase the tempo of training, introduce new platforms and systems into training, conduct existing routine training at additional locations within SSTC training areas, introduce new platforms and equipment, and increase access to and availability of SSTC training areas. The tempo of training would be increased to meet 100 percent of Navy requirements. This represents an increase from the baseline tempo of 3,926 activities to approximately 5,343 activities annually. New platforms and equipment would include replacement of amphibious assault vehicles with expeditionary fighting vehicles, an updated offshore petroleum discharge system, and the MH-60S Seahawk multi-mission helicopter. Access and availability to SSTC training areas would be increased through opening of beach lanes for training during the nesting season under certain conditions. Limited training involving foot traffic, but not vehicle traffic, would be allowed in vernal pools when vernal pool conditions are determined to be dry. Training activities under Alternative 2 would be similar to those described under Alternative 1 except for additional access and availability of SSTC-N training lanes. Under Alternative 2, the Navy would fully utilize all 7,000 yards of ocean beaches along SSTC-N and SSTC-S, and all bayside training beaches, except the Delta North and South nesting habitat, for continuous, year-round training. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would improve the availability and quality of opportunities for amphibious, special warfare, and mine countermeasure training at SSTC and would help Naval and Marine Corps forces to achieve required levels of operational readiness. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Amounts of expended training materials, including flare and smoke canister residues and munitions constituents, would increase. Noise impacts from aircraft and amphibious vehicle training, pile driving, and use of blanks on the beach would increase in frequency. Underwater detonations would affect a larger area of bottom sediments. Increases in pile driving and underwater detonation activities would have negative effects on fish species. Increased training on beach lanes would result in adverse impacts to individual birds, but is not expected to have an adverse effect at the population level. Increases in foot traffic could result in impacts to San Diego fairy shrimp and special status plant species. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0182D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 110010, Final EIS--818 pages, Appendices--576 pages, January 7, 2011 PY - 2011 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fish KW - Helicopters KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Marine Corps) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Munitions KW - Recreation KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Shores KW - Weapon Systems KW - California KW - Naval Air Station North Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - San Diego Bay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SILVER+STRAND+TRAINING+COMPLEX%2C+CITIES+OF+CORONADO+AND+IMPERIAL+BEACH%2C+SAN+DIEGO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: January 7, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of COX inhibitors on neurodegeneration and survival in mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin domoic acid. AN - 812137583; 20934488 AB - The marine neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) is a rigid analogue of the neurotransmitter glutamate and a potent agonist of kainate subtype glutamate receptors. Persistent activation of these receptor subtypes results in rapid excitotoxicity, calcium-dependent cell death, and neuronal degeneration in regions of the brain where glutamatergic pathways are concentrated. Previous work has shown that DA promotes the expression of inflammatory genes in the brain, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). To investigate the impact of inflammation on the development of neurodegeneration, and ultimately survival following DA administration, we used selective (L745337, Merck) and non-selective (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) COX inhibitors in DA exposed mice. Adult male ICR mice were given a regime of either ASA or L23547 both before and after a single LD50 dose of DA. Mice were observed immediately after toxin introduction and then sacrificed at 2 days post exposure. Our lower dose of L23547 increased survival and was most effective at decreasing neuronal degeneration in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, areas especially sensitive to DA excitotoxicity. This study shows that COX2 plays a role in DA induced neurodegeneration and death, and that inhibitors may be of value for treatment in human and wildlife DA exposure. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Ryan, James C AU - Cross, Cheryl A AU - Van Dolah, Frances M AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. james.ryan@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01/03/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 03 SP - 83 EP - 87 VL - 487 IS - 1 KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Indans KW - L 745337 KW - Neurotoxins KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Indans -- therapeutic use KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Aspirin -- therapeutic use KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- pathology KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/812137583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Effects+of+COX+inhibitors+on+neurodegeneration+and+survival+in+mice+exposed+to+the+marine+neurotoxin+domoic+acid.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+James+C%3BCross%2C+Cheryl+A%3BVan+Dolah%2C+Frances+M&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-01-03&rft.volume=487&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=1872-7972&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neulet.2010.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2010-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A High Wind Statistical Prediction Model for the Northern Front Range of Colorado AN - 968180273; 16502805 AB - Numerical models occasionally struggle with forecasting certain meteorological events, so statistical methods can be employed to aid operational forecasters. One example is high wind events along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in northern Colorado. During the cool season, fair-weather wind events can produce gusts exceeding 35 m s-1, sometimes resulting in widespread damage. In this study, we build on previous research on Colorado high wind events and describe the development of a statistical model that is now running in real-time. Given the abundance of reanalysis data now available, similar models could be built for a variety of applications in other parts of the country or the world. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Lindsey, D T AD - NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/RAMMB, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Statistical analysis KW - Gusts KW - Statistical Methods KW - Data reanalysis KW - North America, Rocky Mts. KW - Mountains KW - Numerical models KW - Forecasting KW - Seasonal variability KW - Wind KW - Modelling KW - Weather KW - Damage KW - Mathematical models KW - Statistical models KW - Model Studies KW - USA, Colorado KW - Fronts KW - Statistical Models KW - Statistical forecasting KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=A+High+Wind+Statistical+Prediction+Model+for+the+Northern+Front+Range+of+Colorado&rft.au=Lindsey%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Mathematical models; Fronts; Statistical models; Gusts; Modelling; Numerical models; Statistical analysis; Seasonal variability; Statistical forecasting; Data reanalysis; Mountains; Damage; Weather; Statistical Models; Forecasting; Statistical Methods; Wind; Model Studies; North America, Rocky Mts.; USA, Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New England Record Maker Rain Event of 29-30 March 2010 AN - 968180240; 16502804 AB - A significant East Coast Storm affected New England on 29-30 March 2010. The storm brought heavy rainfall and record flooding to portions of southeastem New England. Providence, RI set a daily rainfall record of 135.1 mm (5.32 inches) on 30 March 2010 and had a two-day total rainfall of 223.3 mm (8.79 inches) setting a new record. Many sites in southern New England set daily and monthly rainfall records. The heavy rain event was relatively well predicted by the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) Ensemble forecast Systems (EFS). The forecasts of this event depicted a pattern conducive for heavy rainfall. Standardized anomalies aided in identifying the potential impact of this event. Initially, the NCEP models and ensemble forecast Systems predicted a surge of high precipitable water with strong southerly winds over southern New England. As the event unfolded, a second surge of rainfall was predicted with strong easterly winds over the same region as a surface cyclone developed and moved up the coast. This created a unique situation where a Maddox-type synoptic heavy rain pattern evolved into a frontal type event. The two periods of heavy rainfall produced the record two-day totals and contributed to the flood problems. Both forecast and analyzed anomalies associated with this historie storm will be presented. These data will show how the synoptic-scale anomalies were well correlated with the heavy rainfall. The anomalies facilitate putting this event into a historical perspective relative to previous events. This case demonstrates the utility of using anomalies to increase forecaster confidence and situational awareness. Improved anomaly-based situational awareness combined with probabilistic ensemble quantitative precipitation forecasts can facilitate forecasts of and decisions related to future significant events such as this. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Grumm, R H AD - National Weather Service, State College, PA, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - New records KW - Heavy precipitation KW - Rainfall KW - ANW, USA, New England KW - Storms KW - Heavy rainfall KW - Floods KW - Coastal morphology KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind KW - Coasts KW - Weather KW - Quantitative precipitation forecasting KW - Ensemble forecasting KW - Easterly winds KW - Surges KW - Precipitation KW - Storm surges KW - Precipitable water KW - Flooding KW - Rain KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=New+England+Record+Maker+Rain+Event+of+29-30+March+2010&rft.au=Grumm%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Grumm&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - New records; Prediction; Weather; Coastal morphology; Surges; Flooding; Weather forecasting; Storms; Heavy precipitation; Heavy rainfall; Storm surges; Quantitative precipitation forecasting; Precipitable water; Floods; Easterly winds; Ensemble forecasting; Rainfall; Precipitation; Rain; Wind; Coasts; ANW, USA, New England ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radar Tornadic Debris Signatures on 27 April 2011 AN - 968180166; 16502801 AB - A historie tornado outbreak occurred across the southeastern United States on 25-28 April 2011 (NSSL 2011; NWS 2011). Radar tornadic debris signatures (TDSs; Ryzhkov et al. 2002, 2005; Kumjian and Ryzhkov 2008)--colloquially know as debris balls--were apparent with many of the tornadic storms on 27 April. Indeed, several television meteorologists highlighted these so-called debris balls during their live broadcasts (see examples from ABC 33/40 and The Weather Channel), which likely enhanced awareness of the imminent danger and consequently encouraged people to seek shelter. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Bunkers, MJ AU - Baxter, MA AD - NOAA/National Weather Service, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Tornadoes KW - Television systems KW - USA, Southeast KW - Storms KW - Debris KW - Channels KW - Hazards KW - Meteorologists KW - Radar KW - Shelters KW - Detritus KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 551.515.3:Tornadoes Waterspouts Whirlwinds (551.515.3) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Radar+Tornadic+Debris+Signatures+on+27+April+2011&rft.au=Bunkers%2C+MJ%3BBaxter%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Bunkers&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Television systems; Shelters; Debris; Meteorologists; Tornadoes; Radar; Storms; Channels; Weather; Detritus; USA, Southeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard Strike Probability as a Measure of Warning Reliability AN - 968180135; 16502800 AB - Defined as the probability of being struck by a warned hazard while within the warning area, hazard strike probability for a tornado or other high-end severe weather hazard is incredibly small. With a focus on providing longer lead times, today's convective warnings yield hazard strike probabilities that are likely much too low for the products to effectively serve as the "go" step in the ready-set-go philosophy, and in fact may be better suited as the "set" step. This document takes a closer look at hazard strike probability, and evaluates public perception of this concept. The value of the warning as the "set" product, and the need for a more precise community-based, short lead-time "go" product to complete the ready-set-go philosophy, are also examined. JF - National Weather Association Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology AU - Wolf, P L AD - National Weather Service, Jacksonville, Florida, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Tornadoes KW - Hazards KW - Yield KW - Weather hazards KW - Severe weather events KW - Convective activity KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - M2 551.515.3:Tornadoes Waterspouts Whirlwinds (551.515.3) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Hazard+Strike+Probability+as+a+Measure+of+Warning+Reliability&rft.au=Wolf%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Association+Electronic+Journal+of+Operational+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Weather hazards; Tornadoes; Severe weather events; Convective activity; Weather; Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An examination of the new Miller Range nakhlites (MIL 090030, 090032, and 090136) AN - 959098178; 2012-034921 JF - Abstracts of Papers Submitted to the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference AU - Corrigan, C M AU - Vicenzi, E P AU - Konicek, A R AU - Lunning, N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Abstract 2657 PB - Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX VL - 42 KW - silicates KW - nakhlite KW - stony meteorites KW - Martian meteorites KW - microstructure KW - olivine group KW - SNC Meteorites KW - meteorites KW - MIL 090136 KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - cumulates KW - crystal zoning KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - MIL 03346 KW - chain silicates KW - Miller Range Meteorites KW - MIL 090030 KW - mesostasis KW - meteorite pairing KW - MIL 090032 KW - achondrites KW - nesosilicates KW - Antarctica KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959098178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+Submitted+to+the+Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=An+examination+of+the+new+Miller+Range+nakhlites+%28MIL+090030%2C+090032%2C+and+090136%29&rft.au=Corrigan%2C+C+M%3BVicenzi%2C+E+P%3BKonicek%2C+A+R%3BLunning%2C+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Corrigan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+Submitted+to+the+Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2657.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Forty-second lunar and planetary science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 29, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - #02179 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; Antarctica; chain silicates; crystal zoning; cumulates; Martian meteorites; mesostasis; meteorite pairing; meteorites; microstructure; MIL 03346; MIL 090030; MIL 090032; MIL 090136; Miller Range Meteorites; mineral composition; nakhlite; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; pyroxene group; silicates; SNC Meteorites; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local and omnibus goodness-of-fit tests in classical measurement error models AN - 940979357; 4280534 JF - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society AU - Carroll, Raymond J AU - Ma, Yanyuan AU - Hart, Jeffrey D AU - Janicki, Ryan AD - Texas A&M University ; US Census Bureau Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 81 EP - 98 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 1369-7412, 1369-7412 KW - Economics KW - Measurement KW - Distribution KW - Computational methods KW - Maximum likelihood method KW - Error KW - Methodology KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/940979357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.atitle=Local+and+omnibus+goodness-of-fit+tests+in+classical+measurement+error+models&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Raymond+J%3BMa%2C+Yanyuan%3BHart%2C+Jeffrey+D%3BJanicki%2C+Ryan&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.issn=13697412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9868.2010.00751.x LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 8163; 2671 10919; 4387; 7854; 7837 8160 8163 12230; 7994; 3641 12233 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00751.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Long-Term Road Transport Future? Trends and Policy Options AN - 925721204; 2011-172531 AB - Transport is closely linked to economic activity. This article is the first of three articles that examines the findings from the theoretical and empirical economics literature concerning two major transport problems: congestion and environmental impacts. This article reviews long-term trends and broad policy issues and options related to the road transport and its congestion and environmental impacts, particularly climate change. Adapted from the source document. JF - Review of Environmental Economics and Policy AU - Proost, Stef AU - Van Dender, Kurt AD - Center for Economic Studies, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamse straat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium stef.proost@econ.kuleuven.be Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 44 EP - 65 PB - Oxford University Press, UK VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1750-6824, 1750-6824 KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Transportation KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Road traffic and traffic regulation KW - Environment and environmental policy - Weather, climate, and natural disasters KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation KW - Economics KW - Traffic congestion KW - Global warming KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental policy KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/925721204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Policy&rft.atitle=What+Long-Term+Road+Transport+Future%3F+Trends+and+Policy+Options&rft.au=Proost%2C+Stef%3BVan+Dender%2C+Kurt&rft.aulast=Proost&rft.aufirst=Stef&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Review+of+Environmental+Economics+and+Policy&rft.issn=17506824&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Freep%2Freq022 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental policy; Transportation; Transportation policy; Economics; Environmental impact analysis; Traffic congestion; Global warming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/req022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Chicken and the Egg of Economic Disadvantage and Multiple Partner Fertility: Which Comes First in a Sample of Low-Income Women AN - 925712247; 201204187 AB - Childbearing with more than one partner (known as multiple partner fertility) is correlated with economic disadvantage, although the direction of that relationship is not known. In this paper, I examine this question by locating the arrival of children by a second father in women's life histories of childbearing, work, and public assistance use, in an effort to understand which comes first -- multiple partner fertility or disadvantage? Using a low-income, predominantly African-American, sample, I find that relative economic well-being is not predictive of a birth to a second partner. However, women are subject to significantly greater economic stress after the transition into multiple partner fertility, suggesting that although relative disadvantage may not explain women's entry into higher order childbearing relationships, women's financial well-being does suffer as a result of becoming multiple partner fertility mothers. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Western Journal of Black Studies AU - Monte, Lindsay M AD - U. S. Census Bureau Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 53 EP - 66 PB - Washington State University, Pullman VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0197-4327, 0197-4327 KW - Prediction KW - Birth KW - Life History KW - Low Income Groups KW - Black Americans KW - Fertility KW - Well Being KW - Stress KW - Females KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/925712247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+Journal+of+Black+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Chicken+and+the+Egg+of+Economic+Disadvantage+and+Multiple+Partner+Fertility%3A+Which+Comes+First+in+a+Sample+of+Low-Income+Women&rft.au=Monte%2C+Lindsay+M&rft.aulast=Monte&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Western+Journal+of+Black+Studies&rft.issn=01974327&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WJBSEU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertility; Females; Birth; Well Being; Low Income Groups; Prediction; Black Americans; Stress; Life History ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time estimation of pH and aragonite saturation state from Argo profiling floats; prospects for an autonomous carbon observing strategy AN - 921717356; 2012-023903 AB - We demonstrate the ability to obtain accurate estimates of pH and carbonate mineral saturation state (Omega ) from an Argo profiling float in the NE subarctic Pacific. Using hydrographic surveys of the NE Pacific region, we develop empirical algorithms to predict pH and Omega using observations of temperature (T) and dissolved O (sub 2) . We attain R (super 2) values greater than 0.98 and RMS errors of 0.018 (pH), 0.052 (Omega (sub arag) ), and 0.087 (Omega (sub calc) ) for data between 30-500 m, sigma (sub theta ) <27.1. After calibrating optode-based O (sub 2) data, we apply the algorithms to T and O (sub 2) data from an Argo profiling float to produce a 14 month time-series of estimated pH and Omega (sub arag) in the upper water column of the NE subarctic Pacific. Comparison to independent data collected nearby in 2010 indicates pH and Omega (sub arag) estimates are robust. Although the method will not allow detection of anthropogenic trends in pH or Omega (sub arag) , this approach will provide insight into natural variability and the key biogeochemical controls on these parameters. Most importantly, this work demonstrates that an assemblage of well-calibrated regional algorithms and Argo float data can be used as a low-cost, readily-deployable component of a global ocean carbon observing strategy. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Juranek, L W AU - Feely, R A AU - Gilbert, D AU - Freeland, H AU - Miller, L A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L17603 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 17 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - East Pacific KW - sea water KW - oxygen KW - Northeast Pacific KW - aragonite KW - subarctic regions KW - temperature KW - saturation KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - dissolved oxygen KW - dissolved materials KW - Pacific Ocean KW - acidification KW - algorithms KW - carbonates KW - pH KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921717356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Real-time+estimation+of+pH+and+aragonite+saturation+state+from+Argo+profiling+floats%3B+prospects+for+an+autonomous+carbon+observing+strategy&rft.au=Juranek%2C+L+W%3BFeely%2C+R+A%3BGilbert%2C+D%3BFreeland%2C+H%3BMiller%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Juranek&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011GL048580 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; algorithms; aragonite; carbonates; dissolved materials; dissolved oxygen; East Pacific; hydrographs; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; oxygen; Pacific Ocean; pH; saturation; sea water; subarctic regions; temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048580 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major Mesoamerican droughts of the past millennium AN - 921717317; 2012-023269 AB - Ancient Montezuma baldcypress (Taxodium mucronatum) trees found in Barranca de Amealco, Queretaro, have been used to develop a 1,238-year tree-ring chronology that is correlated with precipitation, temperature, drought indices, and crop yields in central Mexico. This chronology has been used to reconstruct the spring-early summer soil moisture balance over the heartland of the Mesoamerican cultural province, and is the first exactly dated, annually resolved paleoclimatic record for Mesoamerica spanning the Late Classic, Post Classic, Colonial, and modern eras. The reconstruction indicates that the Terminal Classic drought extended into central Mexico, supporting other sedimentary and speleothem evidence for this early 10th century drought in Mesoamerica. The reconstruction also documents severe and sustained drought during the decline of the Toltec state (1149-1167) and during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec state (1514-1539), providing a new precisely dated climate framework for Mesoamerican cultural change. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Stahle, D W AU - Diaz, J Villanueva AU - Burnette, D J AU - Paredes, J Cerano AU - Heim, R R, Jr AU - Fye, F K AU - Acuna Soto, R AU - Therrell, M D AU - Cleaveland, M K AU - Stahle, D K Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L05703 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - United States KW - Plantae KW - Quaternary KW - vegetation KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - climate change KW - paleoecology KW - drought KW - Cenozoic KW - Mexico KW - tree rings KW - reconstruction KW - upper Holocene KW - Taxodium mucronatum KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921717317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Major+Mesoamerican+droughts+of+the+past+millennium&rft.au=Stahle%2C+D+W%3BDiaz%2C+J+Villanueva%3BBurnette%2C+D+J%3BParedes%2C+J+Cerano%3BHeim%2C+R+R%2C+Jr%3BFye%2C+F+K%3BAcuna+Soto%2C+R%3BTherrell%2C+M+D%3BCleaveland%2C+M+K%3BStahle%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Stahle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GL046472 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; climate change; drought; Holocene; Mexico; paleoclimatology; paleoecology; Plantae; Quaternary; reconstruction; Taxodium mucronatum; tree rings; United States; upper Holocene; vegetation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046472 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation AN - 921716668; 2012-023263 AB - The moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck offshore the Mentawai islands in western Indonesia on 25 October 2010 created a locally large tsunami that caused more than 400 human causalities. We identify this earthquake as a rare slow-source tsunami earthquake based on: 1) disproportionately large tsunami waves; 2) excessive rupture duration near 125 s; 3) predominantly shallow, near-trench slip determined through finite-fault modeling; and 4) deficiencies in energy-to-moment and energy-to-duration-cubed ratios, the latter in near-real time. We detail the real-time solutions that identified the slow-nature of this event, and evaluate how regional reductions in crustal rigidity along the shallow trench as determined by reduced rupture velocity contributed to increased slip, causing the 5-9 m local tsunami runup and observed transoceanic wave heights observed 1600 km to the southeast. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Newman, Andrew V AU - Hayes, Gavin AU - Wei, Yong AU - Convers, Jaime Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L05302 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - tsunamis KW - risk management KW - Far East KW - geologic hazards KW - Mentawai Islands KW - Indonesia KW - displacements KW - models KW - western Indonesia KW - mitigation KW - seismicity KW - earthquake prediction KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - tectonics KW - Mentawai earthquake 2010 KW - Asia KW - earthquakes KW - seismotectonics KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921716668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+25+October+2010+Mentawai+tsunami+earthquake%2C+from+real-time+discriminants%2C+finite-fault+rupture%2C+and+tsunami+excitation&rft.au=Newman%2C+Andrew+V%3BHayes%2C+Gavin%3BWei%2C+Yong%3BConvers%2C+Jaime&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GL046498 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; displacements; earthquake prediction; earthquakes; Far East; faults; geologic hazards; Indonesia; Mentawai earthquake 2010; Mentawai Islands; mitigation; models; natural hazards; risk assessment; risk management; seismicity; seismotectonics; tectonics; tsunamis; western Indonesia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046498 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deep-sea observations and modeling of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in Drake Passage AN - 921715350; 2012-023886 AB - The 2004 Sumatra tsunami was clearly recorded by two UK bottom pressure gauges, DPN and DPS, deployed in Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. These open-ocean records were examined to estimate characteristics of the tsunami waves and to compare the results of numerical simulations with the observations. Maximum wave heights measured at these gauges were 4.9 cm at DPN and 7.4 cm at DPS; the travel times from the source area were 19 h 46 min and 19 h 39 min respectively, consistent with the times obtained from the nearby coastal tide gauges. The numerical model described well the frequency content, amplitudes and general structure of the observed waves, with only small time shifts probably related to wave dispersion effects. The shifts were 15 min for DPN and 10 min for DPS, with the modeled waves leading the observations in each case. Further inspection of the simulated and observed records revealed that the identified tsunami waves are related to the second (main) train of waves propagating by the energy conserving route along the mid-ocean ridges, while the first train of waves travelling by the fastest route across the ocean remained unrecognizable in the observed DPS and DPN records and undetectable in the records of coastal tide gauges because of their insignificant amplitudes compared to the background variability. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Rabinovich, Alexander B AU - Woodworth, Philip L AU - Titov, Vasily V Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L16604 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 16 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - tsunamis KW - Drake Passage KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - Indian Ocean tsunami 2004 KW - South Pacific KW - deep-sea environment KW - tides KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - ocean waves KW - natural hazards KW - propagation KW - mid-ocean ridges KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921715350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Deep-sea+observations+and+modeling+of+the+2004+Sumatra+tsunami+in+Drake+Passage&rft.au=Rabinovich%2C+Alexander+B%3BWoodworth%2C+Philip+L%3BTitov%2C+Vasily+V&rft.aulast=Rabinovich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011GL048305 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deep-sea environment; Drake Passage; geologic hazards; Indian Ocean tsunami 2004; marine environment; mid-ocean ridges; natural hazards; numerical models; ocean waves; Pacific Ocean; propagation; South Pacific; tides; tsunamis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048305 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inter-industry Inequality: An Important Source of the Urban Income Gap -- Regression-based Decomposition AN - 919901214; 201203053 AB - Regression-based decomposition of inter-industry earnings differentials shows that in 1988, 1995 and 2002, inter-industry earnings differentials made an increasing contribution to urban earnings inequality in China. The primary reason for the widening gap lay in monopoly industries. At the same time, geographical location, educational level, type of enterprise ownership, type of occupation and whether the individual had a second job also contributed to rising earnings inequality, while age and being fully employed made a decreasing contribution. Therefore, if China is to reduce the earnings gap it is imperative that we remove barriers to labor market entry and break down some monopoly industries in the product market. Additionally, reducing obstacles to the free movement of labor and improving workers' educational level should also be important elements of the government's strategy for reducing the urban income gap in future. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Sciences in China AU - Chen, Zhao AU - Wan, Guanghua AU - Lu, Ming AD - China Center for Economic Studies, Fudan University Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 159 EP - 177 PB - Routledge/Taylor & Francis, London UK VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0252-9203, 0252-9203 KW - monopoly industries, decomposition of income differentials, Shapley value KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Monopolies KW - Constraints KW - Income Inequality KW - Labor Market KW - Ownership KW - Markets KW - Industry KW - Income KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919901214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Sciences+in+China&rft.atitle=Inter-industry+Inequality%3A+An+Important+Source+of+the+Urban+Income+Gap+--+Regression-based+Decomposition&rft.au=Chen%2C+Zhao%3BWan%2C+Guanghua%3BLu%2C+Ming&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Zhao&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Sciences+in+China&rft.issn=02529203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F02529203.2011.573352 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Income; Peoples Republic of China; Income Inequality; Monopolies; Industry; Markets; Labor Market; Ownership; Constraints DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2011.573352 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variations in the equatorial Indian Ocean AN - 919646279; 2012-020240 AB - This study examines the structure and dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. We take advantage of a variety of satellite and in situ data sets, including unprecedented 4-8 year-long velocity time series records from the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) program. Spectral analysis reveals prominent intraseasonal zonal currents variations along the equator with periods of 30-70 days. These oscillations are vertically in phase above the thermocline and propagate eastward with the local zonal winds. In the thermocline, intraseasonal zonal velocity variations also propagate eastward across a broad range of phase speeds expected for low baroclinic equatorial Kelvin waves; amplitudes decrease with depth, with deeper levels leading those near surface. Collectively, these results suggest that the near-surface layer responds directly to intraseasonal zonal wind stress forcing and that subsequently energy radiates downward and eastward in the thermocline in the form of wind-forced equatorial Kelvin waves. In addition, intraseasonal zonal current variability on the equator is coherent with off-equatorial sea surface height fluctuations in the eastern and central of the basin. This coherence is primarily due to the fact that equatorial zonal wind variations are associated with off-equatorial wind stress curls that can generate local Ekman pumping and westward propagating Rossby waves. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Iskandar, Iskhaq AU - McPhaden, Michael J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C06019 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - equatorial region KW - satellite methods KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - thermohaline circulation KW - Indian Ocean KW - seasonal variations KW - sea-surface temperature KW - climate forcing KW - winds KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919646279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wind-forced+intraseasonal+zonal+current+variations+in+the+equatorial+Indian+Ocean&rft.au=Iskandar%2C+Iskhaq%3BMcPhaden%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Iskandar&rft.aufirst=Iskhaq&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006864 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate forcing; currents; equatorial region; Indian Ocean; ocean circulation; ocean currents; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea-surface temperature; seasonal variations; temperature; thermohaline circulation; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006864 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of eddies on an ocean observing system with profiling floats; idealized simulations of the Argo array AN - 919640601; 2012-020224 AB - This study aims at evaluating effects of the mesoscale variability on the expected accuracy of reconstruction of temperature, salinity, and velocities from the Argo measurements and trajectories. For this purpose, an idealized observing system with profiling floats is simulated in a high-resolution ocean model of the North Atlantic set up to produce annual mean hydrography and circulation. The simulations with and without mesoscale variability are compared, and the effects of the time mean and mesoscale eddy-induced advection are effectively separated and investigated. The results demonstrate several effects of mesoscale eddies on the expected accuracy of the Argo-based reconstructions of temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocities. In most of the domain, the eddies help to achieve uniform spatial coverage. The effects of eddy advection on reconstruction errors are, however, complex but moderate in most of the domain. High-frequency variability in temperature and salinity leads to enhancement of reconstruction errors, especially if the sampling is carried out for only a few years. The reconstruction of horizontal velocities from trajectories of the profiling floats is capable of detecting multiple zonal jets which have been observed already. The reconstruction of the meridional velocities is significantly less reliable, primarily due to a small signal-to-noise ratio in the in the interior of domain. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kamenkovich, Igor AU - Cheng, Wei AU - Schmid, Claudia AU - Harrison, D E Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C06003 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - numerical models KW - salinity KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - Argo array KW - hydrographs KW - eddies KW - velocity KW - reconstruction KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+eddies+on+an+ocean+observing+system+with+profiling+floats%3B+idealized+simulations+of+the+Argo+array&rft.au=Kamenkovich%2C+Igor%3BCheng%2C+Wei%3BSchmid%2C+Claudia%3BHarrison%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Kamenkovich&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2933.1 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Argo array; Atlantic Ocean; currents; eddies; hydrographs; North Atlantic; numerical models; ocean circulation; ocean currents; reconstruction; salinity; temperature; upwelling; velocity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006910 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical simulation of a synoptic event in the Southern California Bight AN - 919640463; 2012-020039 AB - In the middle of March 2002 a synoptic upwelling event occurred in the Southern California Bight; it was marked by a precipitous cooling of at least 4 degrees C within 10-20 km of the coast. By the end of the month the preevent temperatures had slowly recovered. The Regional Oceanic Model System (ROMS) is used to simulate the event with an atmospheric downscaling reanalysis for surface wind and buoyancy flux forcing. Lateral boundary conditions of temperature, salinity, velocity, and sea level are taken from a global oceanic product. Barotropic tidal fields from a global barotropic model are imposed along the open boundaries. The simulation reproduces well the upwelling process compared with observed data. The sensitivity of the simulation is examined to wind resolution, heat flux, and tidal forcing. The oceanic response to the different wind resolutions converges at the level of the 6 km resolution, which is the finest scale present in the terrain elevation data set used in the atmospheric downscaling. The combination of an analytical diurnal cycle in the solar radiation and the empirical coupling with the instantaneous ROMS sea surface temperature produces a similar oceanic response to the downscaled heat flux. Tidal effects are significant in the upwelling evolution due to the increase in wind energy input through a quasi-resonant alignment of the wind and surface current, probably by chance. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Dong, Changming AU - McWilliams, James C AU - Hall, Alex AU - Hughes, Mimi Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05018 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - East Pacific KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - monthly variations KW - Northeast Pacific KW - Southern California Bight KW - ocean currents KW - tides KW - California KW - Southern California KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - climate forcing KW - winds KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Numerical+simulation+of+a+synoptic+event+in+the+Southern+California+Bight&rft.au=Dong%2C+Changming%3BMcWilliams%2C+James+C%3BHall%2C+Alex%3BHughes%2C+Mimi&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Changming&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006578 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bathymetry; California; climate forcing; currents; East Pacific; monthly variations; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Pacific Ocean; sea-surface temperature; Southern California; Southern California Bight; tides; United States; upwelling; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006578 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic topography of the Bering Sea AN - 919640453; 2012-020038 AB - A new mean dynamic topography (MDT) for the Bering Sea is presented. The product is obtained by combining historical oceanographic and atmospheric observations with high-resolution model dynamics in the framework of a variational technique. Eighty percent of the ocean data underlying the MDT were obtained during the last 25 years and include hydrographic profiles, surface drifter trajectories, and in situ velocity observations that were combined with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric climatology. The new MDT quantifies surface geostrophic circulation in the Bering Sea with a formal accuracy of 2-4 cm/s. The corresponding sea surface height (SSH) errors are estimated by inverting the Hessian matrix in the subspace spanned by the leading modes of SSH variability observed from satellites. Comparison with similar products based on in situ observations, satellite gravity, and altimetry shows that the new MDT is in better agreement with independent velocity observations by Argo drifters and moorings. Assimilation of the satellite altimetry data referenced to the new MDT allows better reconstruction of regional circulations in the Bering Sea. Comparisons also indicate that MDT estimates derived from the latest Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid model have more in common with the presented sea surface topography than with the MDTs based on earlier versions of the geoid. The presented MDT will increase the accuracy of calculations of the satellite altimeter absolute heights and geostrophic surface currents and may also contribute to improving the precision in estimating the geoid in the Bering Sea. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Panteleev, Gleb AU - Yaremchuk, Max AU - Stabeno, Phyllis J AU - Luchin, Vladimir AU - Nechaev, Dmitri A AU - Kikuchi, Takashi Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05017 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - high-resolution methods KW - ocean circulation KW - sea water KW - density KW - Bering Sea KW - atmosphere KW - altimetry KW - satellite methods KW - models KW - topography KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - climate forcing KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dynamic+topography+of+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Panteleev%2C+Gleb%3BYaremchuk%2C+Max%3BStabeno%2C+Phyllis+J%3BLuchin%2C+Vladimir%3BNechaev%2C+Dmitri+A%3BKikuchi%2C+Takashi&rft.aulast=Panteleev&rft.aufirst=Gleb&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006354 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; atmosphere; bathymetry; Bering Sea; climate forcing; density; high-resolution methods; hydrographs; models; North Pacific; ocean circulation; Pacific Ocean; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea water; topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006354 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variational assimilation of satellite observations in a coastal ocean model off Oregon AN - 919639423; 2012-020027 AB - Satellite along-track sea surface height (SSH) and multisatellite sea surface temperature (SST) maps are assimilated in a coastal ocean circulation model off Oregon. The study period is June-October 2005, featuring intensive separation of the coastal upwelling jets in the eddy-dominated coastal transition zone (CTZ). The data assimilation (DA) system combines the nonlinear Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Advanced Variational Regional Ocean Representer Analyzer (AVRORA) tangent linear and adjoint codes developed by our group. The variational representer DA method is implemented in a series of 6 day time windows, with initial conditions corrected at the beginning of each window. To avoid the problem of matching the model and observed SSH mean levels, the observed SSH slope has been assimilated. Location, timing, and intensity of jets and eddies in the CTZ are constrained, to improve accuracy of nonlinear model analyses and forecasts. In the case assimilating SSH alone, the geometry of the SST front is improved. SSH assimilation results in the cross-shore transport more uniformly distributed along the coast than in the free run model. An outer front is identified in the DA analyses at a distance of 200 km from the coast. A strong subsurface horizontal temperature gradient across this front influences the depth of the thermocline in an area between the front and the continental slope. The DA correction term is comparable in magnitude to dominant terms in the volume-integrated heat equation. The time-averaged DA correction term in the volume-integrated heat balance is closer to 0 in the combined SSH-SST assimilation case, than in the case assimilating SSH alone. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kurapov, A L AU - Foley, D AU - Strub, P T AU - Egbert, G D AU - Allen, J S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05006 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - East Pacific KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - Northeast Pacific KW - satellite methods KW - energy balance KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - models KW - Oregon KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919639423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Variational+assimilation+of+satellite+observations+in+a+coastal+ocean+model+off+Oregon&rft.au=Kurapov%2C+A+L%3BFoley%2C+D%3BStrub%2C+P+T%3BEgbert%2C+G+D%3BAllen%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Kurapov&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006909 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bathymetry; currents; East Pacific; energy balance; hydrographs; models; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Oregon; Pacific Ocean; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea-surface temperature; temperature; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006909 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in temperature, precipitation, and snowpack in the Klamath Basin region AN - 919638824; 2012-018294 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mayer, T AU - Naman, S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 296 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - patterns KW - annual variations KW - global change KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - Pacific Decadal Oscillation KW - variations KW - temperature KW - Klamath River basin KW - California KW - Oregon KW - snowpack KW - USGS KW - climate KW - global warming KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919638824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Trends+in+temperature%2C+precipitation%2C+and+snowpack+in+the+Klamath+Basin+region&rft.au=Mayer%2C+T%3BNaman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1196/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Klamath Basin science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 28, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - annual variations; atmospheric precipitation; California; climate; global change; global warming; hydrology; Klamath River basin; Oregon; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; patterns; snowpack; temperature; United States; USGS; variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conceptual model for restoration of the Klamath River AN - 919638148; 2012-018229 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Stanford, Jack AU - Duffy, Walter AU - Asarian, Eli AU - Cluer, Brian AU - Detrich, Phil AU - Eberle, Lorri AU - Edmondson, Steve AU - Foott, Scott AU - Hampton, Mark AU - Kann, Jacob AU - Malone, Kevin AU - Moyle, Peter Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 151 EP - 184 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - water use KW - United States KW - water quality KW - human activity KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - ecosystems KW - environmental effects KW - remediation KW - Klamath River basin KW - environmental management KW - California KW - Oregon KW - habitat KW - theoretical models KW - ecology KW - USGS KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919638148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Conceptual+model+for+restoration+of+the+Klamath+River&rft.au=Stanford%2C+Jack%3BDuffy%2C+Walter%3BAsarian%2C+Eli%3BCluer%2C+Brian%3BDetrich%2C+Phil%3BEberle%2C+Lorri%3BEdmondson%2C+Steve%3BFoott%2C+Scott%3BHampton%2C+Mark%3BKann%2C+Jacob%3BMalone%2C+Kevin%3BMoyle%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Stanford&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1196/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Klamath Basin science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 69 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 25, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; ecology; ecosystems; environmental effects; environmental management; habitat; human activity; Klamath River basin; Oregon; pollution; remediation; surface water; theoretical models; United States; USGS; water quality; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streamflow response to climate in the Klamath Basin region AN - 919638141; 2012-018263 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mayer, T AU - Naman, S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 257 EP - 258 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - rivers and streams KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - water balance KW - variations KW - Klamath River basin KW - ground water KW - Cascade Range KW - California KW - Oregon KW - streamflow KW - drainage basins KW - USGS KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919638141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Streamflow+response+to+climate+in+the+Klamath+Basin+region&rft.au=Mayer%2C+T%3BNaman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1196/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Klamath Basin science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 25, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; California; Cascade Range; climate; drainage basins; ground water; hydrology; Klamath River basin; Oregon; rivers and streams; streamflow; United States; USGS; variations; water balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freshwater and marine habitat communities AN - 919633782; 2012-018227 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Adams, Peter AU - VanderKooi, Scott P AU - Williams, Thomas Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 111 EP - 122 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - biodiversity KW - endangered species KW - fresh-water environment KW - biota KW - Klamath River basin KW - California KW - Oregon KW - habitat KW - marine environment KW - Klamath Mountains KW - ecology KW - USGS KW - climate KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919633782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Freshwater+and+marine+habitat+communities&rft.au=Adams%2C+Peter%3BVanderKooi%2C+Scott+P%3BWilliams%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1196/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Klamath Basin science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 25, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodiversity; biota; California; climate; ecology; endangered species; fresh-water environment; habitat; hydrology; Klamath Mountains; Klamath River basin; marine environment; Oregon; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of the Klamath Basin science conference AN - 919633757; 2012-018223 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Thorsteinson, Lyman AU - Grimes, Churchill AU - Duffy, Walter Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 29 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - ecosystems KW - climate change KW - biota KW - case studies KW - natural resources KW - Western U.S. KW - land management KW - Klamath Basin KW - drainage basins KW - ecology KW - USGS KW - aquatic environment KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919633757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+Klamath+Basin+science+conference&rft.au=Thorsteinson%2C+Lyman%3BGrimes%2C+Churchill%3BDuffy%2C+Walter&rft.aulast=Thorsteinson&rft.aufirst=Lyman&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1196/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Klamath Basin science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 25, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; biota; case studies; climate change; drainage basins; ecology; ecosystems; forests; hydrology; Klamath Basin; land management; land use; natural resources; United States; USGS; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improvements to the Interface between Facility Safety and Criticality Safety at Y-12 NSC AN - 918064838; 16120953 AB - Standard DOE-STD-3009-94 [1] requires the inclusion of analysis in the Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) to address prevention of criticality accidents. In turn, standard DOE-STD-3007-2007 [2] requires linkage of criticality safety evaluations (CSEs) to the DSA. This paper presents recent changes to methods employed at the Y-12 National Security Complex which control this interface between criticality safety and facility safety (FS) in an efficient manner which is consistent with DOE expectations. JF - Transactions of the American Nuclear Society AU - Haught, Chris AD - Y-12 National Security Complex P O Box 2009, Oak Ridge, TN37831-8010, haimhtct@y12.doc.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 567 EP - 568 PB - American Nuclear Society, Inc. VL - 105 SN - 0003-018X, 0003-018X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Accidents KW - prevention KW - security KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918064838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Nuclear+Society&rft.atitle=Improvements+to+the+Interface+between+Facility+Safety+and+Criticality+Safety+at+Y-12+NSC&rft.au=Haught%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Haught&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+American+Nuclear+Society&rft.issn=0003018X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; prevention; security ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investment history and market orientation effects in the TFP-FDI relationship AN - 910939796; 4253748 AB - This paper examines the robustness of previous stochastic dominance tests that find significant total factor productivity (TFP) heterogeneity between firms that export abroad and multinational enterprises (MNEs). We extend this literature by focusing on how 'within-MNE' heterogeneity affects the extent to which one can identify the TFP threshold in the exporter-MNE TFP relationship. Within-MNE heterogeneity is established by determining both the number and location of the foreign affiliates established by each MNE. In this way, we separate single-affiliate MNEs from those with multiple affiliates, as well as analyse the role played by vertical FDI, a topic typically ignored in previous stochastic dominance tests of the Helpman et al. (2004, American Economic Review, 94, 300-16) hypothesis. Our empirical tests employ Japanese firm-level FDI and TFP data for the period 1975-2000. Using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to determine stochastic dominance, we find significant TFP heterogeneity within the MNE group based on investment history and affiliate geographic location. While our results confirm the standard HMY three-tiered classification to exist for Japanese firms, exporter-MNE 'between-group' TFP heterogeneity is sensitive to the 'within-MNE' investment history heterogeneity. We note that single- and two-affiliate MNEs are statistically more similar to exporting firms than to MNEs with greater foreign affiliate totals. This shows the exporter-MNE TFP threshold to be not as explicit as Helpman et al. (2004, American Economic Review, 94, 300-16) suggest. In fact, our results allow us to identify the MNE-side width of Girma et al.'s (2005, Economic Letters, 83, 317-24) 'uncertainty region' surrounding this threshold. Finally, we also find a strong TFP-market orientation relationship exists where the most productive firms follow complex integration strategies, lesser TFP firms do horizontal FDI, and the least productive MNEs do vertical FDI. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers JF - World economy AU - Kukulski, Jeffrey AU - Ryan, Michael AD - US Census Bureau Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 546 EP - 567 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0378-5920, 0378-5920 KW - Economics KW - Stochastic processes KW - Location of enterprises KW - Foreign direct investment KW - Exports KW - International investment KW - Japan KW - Multinational enterprises KW - Total factor productivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/910939796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+economy&rft.atitle=Investment+history+and+market+orientation+effects+in+the+TFP-FDI+relationship&rft.au=Kukulski%2C+Jeffrey%3BRyan%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Kukulski&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=546&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+economy&rft.issn=03785920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9701.2011.01343.x LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5175 6852; 12265 3865 4025 10214 12224 971 12228 10919; Total factor productivity; 8373 4300; 4679 6802 12812 6725 4025; 7520 4300 5469 12092; 6738 6852; 191 300 30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01343.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring surface and groundwater variations using multisatellite observations and hydrological modelling AN - 907919902; 2012-000909 AB - We present a methodology combining information from complementary remote sensing datasets and hydrological modelling for the monitoring of surface and groundwater variations in two large drainage basins, the Negro and the Mekong rivers. Spatiotemporal variations of surface waters can be determined combining observations from satellite imagery (i.e. JERS-1, SPOT VGT, multisatellite products) and radar altimetry (i.e. Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1&2 RA, ENVISAT RA-2). The orbital characteristics and the type of sensors present advantages and drawbacks depending on the nature of the study region, and account for the spatial and temporal resolutions, and the accuracy of the surface water storage estimates. Water stored in aquifers is isolated from the total water storage measured by GRACE by removing the contributions of both the surface reservoir derived from satellite imagery and radar altimetry, and the root zone reservoir simulated by hydrological models. JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Frappart, Frederic AU - Seyler, Frederique AU - Papa, Fabrice AU - Martinez, Jean-Michel AU - Thuy Le, Toan AU - da Silva, Joecila Santos AU - Prigent, Catherine AU - Rossow, William B A2 - Hafeez, Mohsin A2 - van de Giesen, Nick A2 - Bardsley, Earl A2 - Seyler, Frederique A2 - Pail, Roland A2 - Taniguchi, Makoto Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 22 EP - 27 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences VL - 343 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - hydrology KW - time series analysis KW - floodplains KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - GRACE KW - Rio Negro KW - satellite methods KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - water table KW - South America KW - wetlands KW - fluvial features KW - drainage basins KW - data bases KW - Asia KW - Mekong River KW - Amazon Basin KW - remote sensing KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907919902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Monitoring+surface+and+groundwater+variations+using+multisatellite+observations+and+hydrological+modelling&rft.au=Frappart%2C+Frederic%3BSeyler%2C+Frederique%3BPapa%2C+Fabrice%3BMartinez%2C+Jean-Michel%3BThuy+Le%2C+Toan%3Bda+Silva%2C+Joecila+Santos%3BPrigent%2C+Catherine%3BRossow%2C+William+B&rft.aulast=Frappart&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 25th general assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, symposium J-H01 on GRACE, other remote sensing platform and ground-based methods for estimating multi-scale surface water budget, groundwater system characterization and hydrological processes N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amazon Basin; aquifers; Asia; data bases; data processing; drainage basins; floodplains; fluvial features; GRACE; ground water; hydrology; Mekong River; models; remote sensing; Rio Negro; satellite methods; South America; statistical analysis; surface water; time series analysis; two-dimensional models; water table; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ocean observatory data are useful for regional -habitat modeling of species with different vertical habitat preferences AN - 907194832; 16044968 AB - Ocean Observing Systems (OOS) now provide comprehensive descriptions of the physical forcing, circulation, primary productivity and water column properties that subsidize and structure habitats in the coastal ocean. We used generalized additive models (GAM) to evaluate the power of OOS remotely sensed ocean data along with in situ hydrographic and bottom data to explain distributions of 4 species important in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA, ecosystem that have different vertical habitat preferences. Our GAMs explained more abundance variation for pelagic species (longfin inshore squid and butterfish) than demersal species (spiny dogfish and summer flounder). Surface fronts and circulation patterns measured with OOS remote sensing as well as the rugosity and depth of the bottom were important for all species. In situ measurements of water column stability and structure were more useful for modeling pelagic species. Regardless of vertical habitat preference, the species were associated with vertical and horizontal current flows, and/or surface fronts, indicating that pelagic processes affecting movement costs, prey production and aggregation influenced distributions. Habitat-specific trends in abundance of 3 of the 4 species were well described by our -OOS-informed GAMs based upon cross validation tests. Our analyses demonstrate that OOS are operationally useful for regional scale habitat modeling. Regional scale OOS-informed statistical habitat models could serve as bases for tactical ecosystem management and for the development of more sophisticated spatially explicit mechanistic models that couple ontogenic habitats and life history processes to simulate recruitment of organisms important to maintaining the resilience of coastal ecosystems. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Manderson, John AU - Palamara, Laura AU - Kohut, Josh AU - Oliver, Matthew J AD - Ecosystems Processes Division, NEFSC/NMFS/NOAA, James J. Howard Marine Highlands, New Jersey 07732, USA, john.manderson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 United States VL - 438 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Food organisms KW - Ecological distribution KW - habitat preferences KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Remote sensing KW - Habitat selection KW - Primary production KW - Water column KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Ecosystem management KW - Prey KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Pleuronectiformes KW - Recruitment KW - life history KW - Habitat preferences KW - prey KW - Hydrographic surveys KW - in situ measurement KW - Habitat KW - Life history KW - Oceans KW - ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Bight KW - water column KW - summer KW - abundance KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907194832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Ocean+observatory+data+are+useful+for+regional+-habitat+modeling+of+species+with+different+vertical+habitat+preferences&rft.au=Manderson%2C+John%3BPalamara%2C+Laura%3BKohut%2C+Josh%3BOliver%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=Manderson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=438&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09308 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Food organisms; Ecological distribution; Recruitment; Ecosystem management; Remote sensing; Hydrographic surveys; Habitat selection; Primary production; Data processing; Mathematical models; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Habitat preferences; Habitat; Water column; Models; Life history; Oceans; Prey; habitat preferences; life history; summer; water column; prey; in situ measurement; abundance; Pleuronectiformes; ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Bight; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09308 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental determinants of motile cryptofauna on an eastern Pacific coral reef AN - 907194830; 16044967 AB - Coral reef cryptofauna, which live hidden within reef framework structures, are considered to be the most diverse group of coral reef metazoans. They likely comprise more biomass than all surface fauna, providing food sources for fishes and playing important roles as predators, herbivores, detritivores, filter feeders, and scavengers. In an era of global change, it is necessary to determine how these communities are structured across reef habitats as well as to understand how reef framework degradation will impact the cryptofauna and, by extension, ecosystem function. Artificial reef framework units were constructed from coral rubble to approxi-mate framework substrates. Forty replicates were subjected to treatments of differing porosity, flow, and coral cover in a fully crossed ANOVA design. After 2 mo in situ, all motile cryptofauna (2 mm) were counted, weighed, and identified to the lowest possible level. A total of 11309 specimens were collected, comprising 121 species from 6 separate phyla. Cryptofaunal abundances and biomass were higher in low-porosity crypts and biomass was greater in slow-flow environments, highlighting the importance of sheltered low-porosity habitats, such as back-reef rubble plains. The presence of live coral was not found to have a significant effect on the motile cryptofauna occupying the dead coral framework below it, suggesting a high degree of resilience in how framework-dwelling fauna respond to coral mortality. These data support the assertion that artificial reefs are capable of facilitating the accumulation of a diverse cryptic community, independent of live coral, provided they contain suitably porous crypts. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Enochs, Ian C AU - Toth, Lauren T AU - Brandtneris, Viktor W AU - Afflerbach, Jamie C AU - Manzello, Derek P AD - Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, Florida 33149, USA, ian.enochs@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 105 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 United States VL - 438 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - IE, Pacific KW - fauna KW - reefs KW - Predators KW - Artificial reefs KW - Substrate preferences KW - Detritus feeders KW - Food sources KW - plains KW - detritivores KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Data processing KW - Filter feeders KW - Porosity KW - Environmental impact KW - Biomass KW - Habitat KW - artificial reefs KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - coral reefs KW - Herbivores KW - Coral reefs KW - Fish KW - Metazoa KW - Mortality causes KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907194830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Environmental+determinants+of+motile+cryptofauna+on+an+eastern+Pacific+coral+reef&rft.au=Enochs%2C+Ian+C%3BToth%2C+Lauren+T%3BBrandtneris%2C+Viktor+W%3BAfflerbach%2C+Jamie+C%3BManzello%2C+Derek+P&rft.aulast=Enochs&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=438&rft.issue=&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09259 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herbivores; Substrate preferences; Detritus feeders; Coral reefs; Porosity; Environmental impact; Ecosystem disturbance; Mortality causes; Artificial reefs; Mortality; Data processing; Food sources; Filter feeders; Predators; detritivores; Habitat; Biomass; fauna; reefs; plains; Fish; artificial reefs; coral reefs; Metazoa; IE, Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09259 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine-scale analysis of arrowtooth flounder Atherestes stomias catch rates reveals spatial trends in abundance AN - 907191892; 16044980 AB - Multiple lines of evidence suggest that changes in the marine climate in the eastern Bering Sea are leading to numerical and distributional shifts in fish populations that may affect the balance of predator-prey relationships. A rapidly increasing arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias population has prompted concern about the growing threat of arrowtooth flounder predation on economically valuable walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. The goal of this study was to investigate the overall increasing trend of arrowtooth flounder at a finer spatial resolution to better understand the potential spatial variability in their predatory impact under a changing climate. The specific objectives were to determine whether arrowtooth flounder were increasing equally throughout the eastern Bering Sea and, if not, (1) identify areas with dissimilar abundance trends and (2) explore physical and biological habitat characteristics that may be contributing to these differences. Clustering arrowtooth survey catch per unit effort revealed 4 distinct spatial groups showing stable, increasing, and variable trends. Increasing bottom water temperature and depth were associated with higher proportions of trawls containing arrowtooth and higher catch rates. Age-1 and -2 pollock were the predominant prey in all areas, but higher rates of non-empty stomachs in the northwest region indicated that current predatory impacts on pollock may be higher there. Favorable physical habitat (deep and warm) and diet trends (full stomachs) suggest that arrowtooth flounder in the northwest region of the eastern Bering Sea have the potential to increase further, perhaps to the abundance levels seen in the high-density area where they may have reached carrying capacity. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Zador, Stephani AU - Aydin, Kerim AU - Cope, Jason AD - Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, stephani.zador@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 229 EP - 239 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 United States VL - 438 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Arrowtooth flounder KW - Atheresthes stomias KW - Bering Sea KW - Fish distribution KW - Cluster analysis KW - Predation KW - Walleye pollock KW - Climate change KW - Food organisms KW - Abundance KW - spatial discrimination KW - Population dynamics KW - Catch/effort KW - Marine fish KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Prey KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Pleuronectiformes KW - Theragra chalcogramma KW - Climate KW - Carrying capacity KW - Environmental impact KW - Water temperature KW - Habitat KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Stomias KW - Stomach content KW - Stomach KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907191892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Fine-scale+analysis+of+arrowtooth+flounder+Atherestes+stomias+catch+rates+reveals+spatial+trends+in+abundance&rft.au=Zador%2C+Stephani%3BAydin%2C+Kerim%3BCope%2C+Jason&rft.aulast=Zador&rft.aufirst=Stephani&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=438&rft.issue=&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09316 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Food organisms; Stomach content; Interspecific relationships; Predation; Climate change; Environmental impact; Population dynamics; Catch/effort; Diets; Carrying capacity; Climate; Abundance; spatial discrimination; Water temperature; Habitat; Prey; Stomach; Stomias; Theragra chalcogramma; Pleuronectiformes; Atheresthes stomias; IN, Bering Sea; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09316 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial models of sparse data to inform cetacean conservation planning: an example from Oman AN - 907184528; 16044950 AB - Habitat models are tools for understanding the relationship between cetaceans and their environment, from which patterns of the animals' space use can be inferred and management strategies developed. Can working with space use alone be sufficient for management, when habitat cannot be modeled? Here, we analyzed cetacean sightings data collected from small boat surveys off the coast of Oman between 2000 and 2003. The waters off Oman are used by the Endangered Arabian Sea population of humpback whales. Our data were collected primarily for photo-identification, using a haphazard sampling regime, either in areas where humpback whales were thought to be relatively abundant, or in areas that were logistically easy to survey. This leads to spatially autocorrelated data that are not amenable to analysis using standard approaches. We used quasi-Poisson generalized linear models and semi-parametric spatial filtering to assess the distribution of humpback and Bryde's whales in 3 areas off Oman relative to 3 simple physiographic variables in a survey grid. Our analysis focused on the spatial eigenvector filtering of models, coupled with the spatial distribution of model residuals, rather than just on model predictions. Spatial eigenvector filtering accounts for spatial autocorrelation in models, allowing inference to be made regarding the relative importance of particular areas. As an exemplar of this approach, we demonstrate that the Dhofar coast of southern Oman is important habitat for the Arabian Sea population of humpback whales. We also suggest how conservation planning for mitigating impacts on humpback whales off the Dhofar coast could start. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Corkeron, Peter J AU - Collins, Gianna Minton Tim AU - Findlay, Ken AU - Willson, Andrew AU - Baldwin, Robert AD - Integrated Statistics, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA, peter.corkeron@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 39 EP - 52 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - ISW, Arabian Sea KW - Spatial distribution KW - Ecological distribution KW - whales KW - Models KW - spatial distribution KW - mitigation KW - Boats KW - Sampling KW - ISW, Oman KW - Coasts KW - Modelling KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - boats KW - Rare species KW - Habitat KW - Coastal zone KW - Marine mammals KW - Conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Cetacea KW - Environment management KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907184528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+sparse+data+to+inform+cetacean+conservation+planning%3A+an+example+from+Oman&rft.au=Corkeron%2C+Peter+J%3BCollins%2C+Gianna+Minton+Tim%3BFindlay%2C+Ken%3BWillson%2C+Andrew%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Corkeron&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00367 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Ecological distribution; Marine mammals; Rare species; Modelling; Endangered Species; Boats; Data processing; Spatial distribution; Endangered species; Conservation; Sampling; Habitat; Coasts; Models; spatial distribution; mitigation; Coastal zone; boats; Environment management; whales; Cetacea; ISW, Arabian Sea; ISW, Oman; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00367 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of an antihelminthic treatment in improving the body condition and survival of Hawaiian monk seals AN - 907184519; 16044949 AB - Food limitation and poor body condition are significant factors affecting the survival of juvenile Hawaiian monk seals Monachus schauinslandi in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Previous research has indicated that juvenile monk seals infected with cestodes are in worse body condition than those that are uninfected. To test whether individual growth and survivorship are boosted by intermittently reducing parasites, we initiated a deworming study on juvenile seals at Laysan Island. Forty-three unique juvenile seals were captured, weighed, measured, feces-sampled, and either given an injectable antihelminthic (praziquantel) or used as untreated controls up to 4 times at 8 to 16 wk intervals across a 7 month period. The effect of treatment on survival, egg shedding, and gain in mass was evaluated. Survival of the subset of the 3 cohorts included in the study was 100% for the 2007 and 2008 cohorts and 85.2% for the 2009 cohorts. Egg prevalence did not differ significantly between control and treated seals. Percent daily mass gain was greatest in the March to May period. Older juveniles gained more mass than young-of-the-year (treated and control), which lost mass between the first 2 treatments. Percent mass gain was significantly greater for treated than control seals during March to May, but not during December to March or over the entire treatment period (December to May). The questionable efficacy of injectable praziquantel indicates that a different route of administration or dosage of praziquantel or a different antihelminthic may be more suitable for treatment of cestodes in this species. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Gobush, K S AU - Baker, J D AU - Gulland, FMD AD - Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814, USA, kathleen.gobush@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 29 EP - 37 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Hawaiian monk seal KW - Monachus schauinslandi KW - Antihelminthic KW - Praziquantel KW - Cestodes KW - Marine KW - USA, Hawaii, Laysan I. KW - Parasites KW - Body conditions KW - Food KW - Disease control KW - Survival KW - seals KW - Growth KW - Islands KW - Marine mammals KW - Endangered species KW - Survivorship KW - survival KW - Cestoda KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - ENA 21:Wildlife KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907184519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+an+antihelminthic+treatment+in+improving+the+body+condition+and+survival+of+Hawaiian+monk+seals&rft.au=Gobush%2C+K+S%3BBaker%2C+J+D%3BGulland%2C+FMD&rft.aulast=Gobush&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00364 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Growth; Body conditions; Marine mammals; Disease control; Survival; Survivorship; Endangered Species; Islands; Food; Endangered species; Praziquantel; seals; survival; Monachus schauinslandi; Cestoda; USA, Hawaii, Laysan I.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00364 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical Inferences from Formaldehyde DNA-Protein Cross-Link Data: Improving Methods for Characterization of Uncertainty AN - 907170415; 15524750 AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has reached considerable sophistication in its application to pharmacological and environmental health problems. Yet, mature methodologies for making statistical inferences have not been routinely incorporated in these applications except in a few data-rich cases. This paper demonstrates how improved statistical inference on estimated model parameters from both frequentist and Bayesian points of view can be routinely carried out. We work with a previously developed PBPK model for the formation and disposition of DNA-protein cross-links formed by inhaled formaldehyde in the nasal lining of rats and rhesus monkeys. We purposefully choose this model because it is based on sparse time-course data. JF - Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics AU - Klein, Martin D AU - Sinha, Bimal K AU - Subramaniam, Ravi P AD - Center for Statistical Research and Methodology, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 42 EP - 55 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - DNA-protein cross-links (DPX) KW - Formaldehyde KW - Nonlinear regression models KW - Ordinary differential equations KW - PBPK models KW - Statistics KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Physiology KW - Statistical analysis KW - Environmental health KW - Disposition KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Rats KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Macaca mulatta KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907170415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biopharmaceutical+Statistics&rft.atitle=Statistical+Inferences+from+Formaldehyde+DNA-Protein+Cross-Link+Data%3A+Improving+Methods+for+Characterization+of+Uncertainty&rft.au=Klein%2C+Martin+D%3BSinha%2C+Bimal+K%3BSubramaniam%2C+Ravi+P&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biopharmaceutical+Statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10543400903531601 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Mathematical models; Statistics; Bayesian analysis; Statistical analysis; Pharmaceuticals; Formaldehyde; Disposition; Pharmacokinetics; Rats; Physiology; Environmental health; Macaca mulatta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543400903531601 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of the mosquito control insecticide phenothrin to three life stages of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) AN - 904487524; 15147070 AB - Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as a contact insecticide in mosquito control programs. This study compared the toxicity of phenothrin to adult, larval and embryonic grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and examined oxidative stress responses in adult and larval grass shrimp. The adult 24-h LC50 was 0.341 Delta *mg/L (95 % confidence intervals 0.282-0.412) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.161 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.128-0.203 Delta *mg/L). The larval 24-h LC50 was 0.50 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.441-0.568) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.154 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.139-0.170 Delta *mg/L). In the presence of sediment, the 24-h LC50 was 6.30 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 5.00-7.44 Delta *mg/L) for adults and 0.771 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.630-0.944) for larvae. The sublethal biomarkers glutathione and lipid peroxidase (LPx) were examined after 96-h phenothrin exposure at five concentrations, and there were no statistically significant differences in these levels in adults or larvae compared to controls. There was a significant downward trend in larval LPx levels. This research confirms that phenothrin is highly toxic to grass shrimp and suggests that both adult and larval grass shrimp are appropriate life stages for risk assessments. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Key, Peter B AU - Chung, Katy W AU - Hoguet, Jennifer AU - Sapozhnikova, Yelena AU - Delorenzo, Marie E AD - Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Palaemonetes pugio KW - Grasses KW - Glutathione KW - Lipids KW - Peroxidase KW - Statistical analysis KW - Insecticides KW - Oxidative stress KW - Embryos KW - Pyrethroids KW - Bioindicators KW - Control programs KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Larvae KW - Developmental stages KW - Culicidae KW - Toxicity KW - Food contamination KW - biomarkers KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Sediments KW - Pesticides KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904487524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+sparse+data+to+inform+cetacean+conservation+planning%3A+an+example+from+Oman&rft.au=Corkeron%2C+Peter+J%3BCollins%2C+Gianna+Minton+Tim%3BFindlay%2C+Ken%3BWillson%2C+Andrew%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Corkeron&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00367 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a937970208~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Glutathione; Agricultural wastes; Control programs; Peroxidase; Statistical analysis; Developmental stages; Toxicity; Food contamination; biomarkers; Sediments; Lipid peroxidation; Insecticides; Oxidative stress; Pesticides; Embryos; Pyrethroids; Bioindicators; Grasses; Lipids; Larvae; Palaemonetes pugio; Culicidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.572519 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data assimilation using a hybrid ice flow model AN - 904486971; 15953624 AB - Hybrid models, or depth-integrated flow models that include the effect of both longitudinal stresses and vertical shearing, are becoming more prevalent in dynamical ice modeling. Under a wide range of conditions they closely approximate the well-known First Order stress balance, yet are of computationally lower dimension, and thus require less intensive resources. Concomitant with the development and use of these models is the need to perform inversions of observed data. Here, an inverse control method is extended to use a hybrid flow model as a forward model. We derive an adjoint of a hybrid model and use it for inversion of ice-stream basal traction from observed surface velocities. A novel aspect of the adjoint derivation is a retention of non-linearities in Glen's flow law. Experiments show that in some cases, including those nonlinearities is advantageous in minimization of the cost function, yielding a more efficient inversion procedure. JF - Cryosphere AU - Goldberg, D N AU - Sergienko, O V AD - Princeton University, Program in Atmosphere and Ocean Sciences, Princeton, USA, daniel.goldberg@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 315 EP - 327 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1994-0416, 1994-0416 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Surface Velocity KW - Stress KW - Retention KW - Data assimilation KW - Inversions KW - Model Studies KW - Costs KW - Cryosphere KW - Ice drift KW - Traction KW - Nonlinearity KW - Modelling KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09122:Legislation KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 551.32:E. Glaciology (551.32) KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904486971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryosphere&rft.atitle=Data+assimilation+using+a+hybrid+ice+flow+model&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+D+N%3BSergienko%2C+O+V&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryosphere&rft.issn=19940416&rft_id=info:doi/10.5194%2Ftc-5-315-2011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryosphere; Traction; Ice drift; Nonlinearity; Inversions; Modelling; Data assimilation; Costs; Surface Velocity; Stress; Retention; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-315-2011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability and Trends of High Temperature, High Humidity, and Sultry Weather in the Warm Season in China during the Period 1961-2004 AN - 904468025; 14345061 AB - Using the daily maximum air temperature and mean humidity observations at 394 surface weather stations across China, the changes in the annual number of days of high temperature weather (HTW), high humidity weather (HHW), and sultry weather (STW) in China over the period 1961-2004 are studied. The results indicate that there were considerable spatial differences and temporal variability of HTW, HHW, and STW across China. Under a climatic mean condition, a notable feature is that southeastern China is the region of collocation of high values of the annual number of days of HTW, HHW, and STW, as well as the region of the most significant variabilities of these parameters. About 55% of the stations in China have increasing trends of the annual number of days of HTW. Most stations in China show decreasing trends of the annual number of days of HHW and are mainly located either in the area south of 30 degree N or in northern and northeastern China. The stations with increasing trends of the annual number of days of STW are mainly located in northern China, while the stations that have decreasing trends are primarily located in southern China. The analysis results suggest that the variability of the annual number of days of STW corresponds mainly to HTW, and less to HHW. The change in the East Asian monsoon may be responsible for the changes of these statistics in extreme weather in China. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Shi, Xiaohui AU - Lu, Chungu AU - Xu, Xiangde AD - State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China, chungu.lu@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 127 EP - 143 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Variability KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Air temperature KW - Spatial variations KW - High temperatures KW - Climatology KW - Weather KW - Air Temperature KW - Temporal variations KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - Warm seasons KW - High humidities KW - East Asian monsoon KW - Temperature trends KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Monsoons KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 551.571:Humidity (551.571) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904468025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Variability+and+Trends+of+High+Temperature%2C+High+Humidity%2C+and+Sultry+Weather+in+the+Warm+Season+in+China+during+the+Period+1961-2004&rft.au=Shi%2C+Xiaohui%3BLu%2C+Chungu%3BXu%2C+Xiangde&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Xiaohui&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAMC2345.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Temporal variations; Humidity; Climatology; Air temperature; Monsoons; High humidities; High temperatures; East Asian monsoon; Statistical analysis; Warm seasons; Temperature trends; Weather; Variability; Statistics; Air Temperature; Temperature; China, People's Rep. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2345.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) Intersensor Calibration Using a Simultaneous Conical Overpass Technique AN - 904467829; 14345059 AB - A new intersensor calibration scheme is developed for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) to correct its scan-angle-dependent bias, the radar calibration beacon interference on the F-15 satellite, and other intersensor biases. The intersensor bias is characterized by the simultaneous overpass measurements with the F-13 SSM/I as a reference. This sensor data record (SDR) intersensor calibration procedure is routinely running at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and is now used for reprocessing all SSM/I environmental data records (EDR), including total precipitable water (TPW) and surface precipitation. Results show that this scheme improves the consistency of the monthly SDR's time series from different SSM/I sensors. Relative to the matched rain products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, the bias of SSM/I monthly precipitation is reduced by 12% after intersensor calibration. TPW biases between sensors are reduced by 75% over the global ocean and 20% over the tropical ocean, respectively. The intersensor calibration reduces biases by 20.6%, 15.7%, and 6.5% for oceanic, land, and global precipitation, respectively. The TPW climate trend is 1.59% decade super(-1) (or 0.34 mm decade super(-1)) for the global ocean and 1.39% decade super(-1) (or 0.63 mm decade super(-1)) for the tropical ocean, indicating related trends decrease of 38% and 54%, respectively, from the uncalibrated SDRs. Results demonstrate the large impacts of this calibration on the TPW climate trend. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Yang, Song AU - Weng, Fuzhong AU - Yan, Banghua AU - Sun, Ninghai AU - Goldberg, Mitch AD - NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, and I. M. Systems Group, Inc., Camp Springs, Maryland Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 77 EP - 95 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Remote Sensing KW - Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) KW - Sensors KW - Time series analysis KW - Scientific satellites KW - Microwaves KW - Calibrations KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Climatology KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Climates KW - Global precipitation KW - Climatic trends KW - Radar calibration KW - Precipitation KW - Satellite instrumentation KW - Precipitable water KW - Oceans KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.578.1:Liquid (551.578.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904467829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Special+Sensor+Microwave+Imager+%28SSM%2FI%29+Intersensor+Calibration+Using+a+Simultaneous+Conical+Overpass+Technique&rft.au=Yang%2C+Song%3BWeng%2C+Fuzhong%3BYan%2C+Banghua%3BSun%2C+Ninghai%3BGoldberg%2C+Mitch&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Song&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAMC2271.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwaves; Sensors; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climatology; Scientific satellites; Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I); Precipitable water; Global precipitation; Radar calibration; Climatic trends; Precipitation; Satellite instrumentation; Time series analysis; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Calibrations; Oceans; Climates; Hydrologic Data; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2271.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms Associated with Large Daily Rainfall Events in Northeast Brazil AN - 904465621; 14345078 AB - The mechanisms resulting in large daily rainfall events in Northeast Brazil are analyzed using data filtering to exclude periods longer than 30 days. Composites of circulation fields that include all independent events do not reveal any obvious forcing mechanisms as multiple patterns contribute to Northeast Brazil precipitation variability. To isolate coherent patterns, subsets of events are selected based on anomalies that precede the Northeast Brazil precipitation events at different locations. The results indicate that at 10 degree S, 40 degree W, the area of lowest annual rainfall in Brazil, precipitation occurs mainly in association with trailing midlatitude synoptic wave trains originating in either hemisphere. Closer to the equator at 5 degree S, 37.5 degree W, an additional convection precursor is found to the west, with a spatial structure consistent with that of a Kelvin wave. Although these two sites are located within only several hundred kilometers of each other and the midlatitude patterns that induce precipitation appear to be quite similar, the dates on which large precipitation anomalies occur at each location are almost entirely independent, pointing to separate forcing mechanisms. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Liebmann, Brant AU - Kiladis, Dave AU - Allured, George N AU - Jones, Charles AU - Carvalho, M AU - Leila, M V AU - Blade, Ileana AU - Gonzales, Paula L AD - * NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, and CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 376 EP - 396 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Convection KW - Variability KW - Rainfall KW - Convection development KW - Wave trains KW - Precipitation anomalies KW - Waves KW - Circulation patterns KW - Annual rainfall KW - Climates KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Precipitation KW - Precipitation variability KW - Kelvin waves KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904465621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+Associated+with+Large+Daily+Rainfall+Events+in+Northeast+Brazil&rft.au=Liebmann%2C+Brant%3BKiladis%2C+Dave%3BAllured%2C+George+N%3BJones%2C+Charles%3BCarvalho%2C+M%3BLeila%2C+M+V%3BBlade%2C+Ileana%3BGonzales%2C+Paula+L&rft.aulast=Liebmann&rft.aufirst=Brant&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3457.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Wave trains; Rainfall; Kelvin waves; Annual rainfall; Precipitation anomalies; Precipitation variability; Atmospheric circulation; Convection development; Precipitation; Circulation patterns; Variability; Climates; Waves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3457.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recurrent Supersynoptic Evolution of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet AN - 904465617; 14345077 AB - The evolution of supersynoptic (i.e., pentad) Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) variability, its precipitation impacts, and large-scale circulation context are analyzed in the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR)--a high-resolution precipitation-assimilating dataset--and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis. The analysis strategy leans on the extended EOF technique, which targets both spatial and temporal recurrence of a variability episode. Pentad GPLLJ variability structures are found to be spatially similar to those in the monthly analysis. The temporal evolution of the supersynoptic GPLLJ-induced precipitation anomalies reveal interesting lead and lag relationships highlighted by GPLLJ variability-leading precipitation anomalies. Interestingly, similar temporal phasing of the GPLLJ and precipitation anomalies were operative during the 1993 (1988) floods (drought) over the Great Plains, indicating the importance of these submonthly GPLLJ variability modes in the instigation of extreme hydroclimatic episodes. The northward-shifted (dry) GPLLJ variability mode is linked to large-scale circulation variations emanating from remote regions that are modified by interaction with the Rocky Mountains, suggesting that the supersynoptic GPLLJ fluctuations may have their origin in orographic modulation of baroclinic development. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Weaver, Scott J AU - Nigam, Sumant AD - NOAA/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 575 EP - 582 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Variability KW - Empirical orthogonal functions KW - Drought KW - Data reanalysis KW - North America, Rocky Mts. KW - Mountains KW - Low-level jet stream KW - Floods KW - Precipitation anomalies KW - Droughts KW - North America KW - Climates KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Precipitation KW - Baroclinic mode KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Precipitation variability KW - Flood variability KW - Fluctuations KW - Evolution KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09161:General KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904465617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Recurrent+Supersynoptic+Evolution+of+the+Great+Plains+Low-Level+Jet&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Scott+J%3BNigam%2C+Sumant&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3445.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Baroclinic mode; Droughts; Low-level jet stream; Floods; Precipitation anomalies; Precipitation variability; Flood variability; Empirical orthogonal functions; Atmospheric circulation; Precipitation; Data reanalysis; Mountains; Variability; Climates; Drought; Fluctuations; Evolution; North America, Rocky Mts.; North America; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3445.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream guiding algorithm for deriving flow direction from DEM and location of main streams AN - 904460762; 2011-102664 AB - The drainage paths and directions within the drainage basin are important for analyses of the interactions between human and nature. The stream burning algorithm is a popular D8-based method and can be effective in the digital reproduction of a known and generally accepted stream network. The stream guiding algorithm has been developed in this paper to overcome the stream burning algorithm's disadvantage of locally altering elevation in order to provide the consistency between existing vector hydrography and the DEM. In the new algorithm, flow direction of LMS (location of main streams) grids will be determined first; then possible outlets in non-LMS area will be found; and finally, the flow direction of undetermined area will be calculated by a "filling up" technique. Evaluations for Taiwan Island show that the new algorithm has a similar performance to that of the stream burning algorithm in river network reproduction. The new algorithm obeys the "steepest decent rule" and DEM data more strictly than the stream burning algorithm, especially around the LMS grids. JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Wang, Jiahu AU - Li, Li AU - Hao, Zhenchun AU - Gourley, Jonathan J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 198 EP - 205 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences VL - 346 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - models KW - hydrology KW - Taiwan KW - Far East KW - streamflow KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - algorithms KW - digital terrain models KW - Asia KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904460762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Stream+guiding+algorithm+for+deriving+flow+direction+from+DEM+and+location+of+main+streams&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jiahu%3BLi%2C+Li%3BHao%2C+Zhenchun%3BGourley%2C+Jonathan+J&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jiahu&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=9781907161216&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International symposium, HO2, held during IUGG 2011, the XXV general assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; Asia; digital terrain models; Far East; hydrology; models; rivers and streams; streamflow; surface water; Taiwan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Maternal Growth on Fecundity and Egg Quality of Wild and Captive Atka Mackerel AN - 902383576; 15762781 AB - Trade-offs in energy allocation between growth and reproduction can result in variations in reproductive potential in fish with differing growth patterns. Spawning biomass is often used as a proxy for reproductive potential on the assumption that fecundity is directly proportional to body weight. We examined variations in the reproductive potential of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius by studying the effect of differential growth and condition patterns on fecundity, atresia, and egg energy. Fecundity and egg energy were determined for fish from two geographic areas, Seguam Pass and Amchitka Island, Alaska, and compared with those of fish held in captivity. These Atka mackerel showed distinct differences in growth and condition, with weight at length and length at age being the highest among captive fish, intermediate among fish from Seguam Pass, and lowest among fish from Amchitka Island. Realized fecundity showed that on average captive fish spawned seven batches, fish from Seguam Pass six batches, and fish from Amchitka Island five batches. For wild fish, potential and realized fecundity at length or age was significantly higher at Seguam Pass than at Amchitka Island, whereas the fecundity-at-weight relationship did not differ by area, suggesting that weight is a better predictor of fecundity than length or age. Atresia and batch fecundity by length or weight did not differ by area, suggesting that the variation in fecundity is better explained by the variation in batch number than by batch size. Oocyte dry weight was higher for captive fish than for wild fish, whereas batch order did not significantly affect oocyte dry weight. Increased potential fecundity, realized fecundity, and oocyte quality in Atka mackerel females were strongly related to body size, indicating that growth differences and maternal feeding success impact the fecundity and oocyte quality of Atka mackerel. Therefore, changes in growth and condition patterns need to be taken into account to accurately estimate the reproductive potential of this species. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - McDermott, Susanne AU - Cooper, Daniel W AU - Guthridge, Jared L AU - Spies, Ingrid B AU - Canino, Mike F AU - Woods, Pamela AU - Hillgruber, Nicola AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 324 EP - 335 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Pleurogrammus monopterygius KW - Fish eggs KW - Environmental impact KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Population dynamics KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I. KW - Marine fish KW - Fecundity KW - Scomber KW - Captivity KW - Q3 08586:Aquaria KW - O 6060:Coastal Zone Resources and Management KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902383576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Maternal+Growth+on+Fecundity+and+Egg+Quality+of+Wild+and+Captive+Atka+Mackerel&rft.au=McDermott%2C+Susanne%3BCooper%2C+Daniel+W%3BGuthridge%2C+Jared+L%3BSpies%2C+Ingrid+B%3BCanino%2C+Mike+F%3BWoods%2C+Pamela%3BHillgruber%2C+Nicola&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Marine fish; Fecundity; Fish eggs; Environmental impact; Population dynamics; Ecosystem disturbance; Captivity; Pleurogrammus monopterygius; Scomber; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I.; INE, USA, Alaska; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature Effects on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) used to Estimate Dry Weight as a Condition Proxy in Coastal Bluefish AN - 902383570; 15762779 AB - The highly migratory nature of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix makes comprehensive study of their populations and their potential responses to factors such as competition, habitat degradation, and climate change difficult. Body composition is an important ecological reference point for fish; however, estimating body composition in fish has been limited by analytical and logistical costs. We applied bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate one body composition component (percent dry weight) as a proxy of condition in bluefish. We used a tetra polar Quantum II BIA analyzer and measured electrical properties in the muscles of bluefish at two locations per fish (dorsal and ventral). In total, 96 bluefish ranging from 193 to 875 mm total length were used in model development and testing. On 59 of these fish BIA measures were taken at both 15 degree C and 27 degree C. Temperature had a significant negative effect on resistance and reactance. A subsample of these fish was then analyzed for dry weight as a percentage of their whole body weight (PDW), which is a good indicator of condition because it is highly correlated with fat content in fish. The BIA models predicting PDW inclusive of all lengths of bluefish were highly predictive for 15 degree C (stepwise regression) and 27 degree C. Regression (R2pred) values that estimate future predictive power suggest that both models were robust. Strong relationships between PDW and other body composition components, coupled with the BIA models presented here, provide the tools needed to quantitatively assess bluefish body composition across spatial and temporal scales for which assessment was previously impossible. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Hartman, Kyle J AU - Phelan, Beth A AU - Rosendale, John E AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Sandy Hook Laboratory, 74 Magruder Road, Highlands, New Jersey 07732, USA ff2, hartman@wvu.edu hartman@wvu.edu Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 307 EP - 316 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Impedance KW - Body conditions KW - Climate change KW - Statistical analysis KW - Electrical properties KW - Coastal zone management KW - Pomatomus saltatrix KW - Fish physiology KW - Fisheries KW - Abiotic factors KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902383570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Temperature+Effects+on+Bioelectrical+Impedance+Analysis+%28BIA%29+used+to+Estimate+Dry+Weight+as+a+Condition+Proxy+in+Coastal+Bluefish&rft.au=Hartman%2C+Kyle+J%3BPhelan%2C+Beth+A%3BRosendale%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Prediction; Impedance; Body conditions; Fish physiology; Electrical properties; Coastal zone management; Abiotic factors; Climate change; Fisheries; Statistical analysis; Pomatomus saltatrix; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical scaling of temperature, wind and humidity fluctuations: dropsondes from 13 km to the surface of the Pacific Ocean AN - 902379809; 15875434 AB - Observational data were taken in the 'vertical' structure at 2 Hz from research dropsondes for temperature, wind speed and relative humidity during the '800 s it takes to reach the surface from the '13 km altitude of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Gulfstream 4SP aircraft. The observations were made mainly through the depth of the troposphere above the eastern Pacific Ocean from 15? N to 43? N (dropsondes) and 60? N (aircraft) in 2004. Grand averages of some key figures and of probability distribution functions (PDFs) were formed by compounding the data from the Winter Storms Projects 2004, 2005 and 2006, comprising 246, 324 and 315 (some dropped up to 60? N) useable sondes, respectively. This sizeable data set was used to representatively characterize the statistical fluctuations in the 'vertical' structure from 13 km to the surface. The fluctuations are resolved at 5--10 m altitude, so covering up to 3 orders of magnitude of typical tropospheric weighting functions for passive remote sounders. Average 'vertical' statistical, multifractal, scaling exponents H, C 1 and Delta *a of temperature, wind speed and humidity fluctuations observed at high resolution were computed and are available as potential generators of representative, scale-invariant summaries of the vertical structure of the marine troposphere, for use in design and retrieval of remotely sounded observations. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Hovde, Susan J AU - Tuck, Adrian Francis AU - Lovejoy, Shaun AU - Schertzer, Daniel AD - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 5891 EP - 5918 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 32 IS - 20 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Relative humidity KW - Marine KW - IE, Pacific KW - Winter storms KW - Statistical analysis KW - Remote sensing KW - Troposphere KW - Humidity KW - Dropsondes KW - Water temperature KW - Vertical profiles KW - Humidity fluctuations KW - Wind speed KW - I, Pacific KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Oceanographic data KW - M2 551.55:Wind (551.55) KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902379809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Vertical+scaling+of+temperature%2C+wind+and+humidity+fluctuations%3A+dropsondes+from+13+km+to+the+surface+of+the+Pacific+Ocean&rft.au=Hovde%2C+Susan+J%3BTuck%2C+Adrian+Francis%3BLovejoy%2C+Shaun%3BSchertzer%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Hovde&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431161.2011.602652 L2 - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431161.2011.602652 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Wind speed; Ocean-atmosphere system; Remote sensing; Humidity; Troposphere; Water temperature; Vertical profiles; Humidity fluctuations; Winter storms; Statistical analysis; Dropsondes; Oceanographic data; IE, Pacific; I, Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.602652 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite observations of environmental changes from the Tonga volcano eruption in the southern tropical Pacific AN - 902368983; 15875428 AB - Satellite measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua were used to study changes of the ocean and atmosphere following the eruption of a submarine volcano in March 2009 in the southern tropical Pacific. Significant increase of water turbidity was observed in an area of '368 km2 near the location of the eruption due to the deposition of volcanic ash. In the ocean region close to the volcanic eruption, the diffuse attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 490 nm, K d(490), increased from '0.025 to 0.16 m-1 before and after the volcanic eruption. Within two weeks of the event, the coverage of the ash-laden waters decreased to '30 km2, and after four weeks the satellite-measured marine environment parameters returned back to the pre-eruption condition. The normalized water-leaving reflectance spectra, derived from the combined near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm for the ash-laden water, show some unique optical features, different from those of the sediment-dominated turbid waters, river plume waters or other productive waters. No significant sea surface temperature (SST) change was detected from satellite measurements near the eruption site. Volcanic ash plumes in the atmosphere were observed moving north-eastward following the ocean winds on 18 March 2009. The aerosol optical thickness increased from 0.06 on the previous day to 0.25 at a location '60 km north-east of the volcanic eruption site. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Shi, Wei AU - Wang, Menghua AD - NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, E/RA3, Camp Springs, MD, 20746, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 5785 EP - 5796 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 32 IS - 20 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Volcanic eruptions KW - Aerosols KW - Eruptions KW - ISE, Pacific, Tonga KW - Ash KW - Volcanoes KW - Remote sensing KW - Freshwater KW - IS, Tropical Pacific KW - Satellites KW - Atmosphere KW - Extinction coefficient KW - River plumes KW - Oceans KW - Tropical environment KW - Volcanic ash KW - Turbidity KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 3050:Sediment Dynamics KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Satellite+observations+of+environmental+changes+from+the+Tonga+volcano+eruption+in+the+southern+tropical+Pacific&rft.au=Shi%2C+Wei%3BWang%2C+Menghua&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431161.2010.507679 L2 - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431161.2010.507679 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Volcanic eruptions; River plumes; Extinction coefficient; Tropical environment; Remote sensing; Volcanic ash; Volcanoes; Turbidity; Eruptions; Ash; Oceans; Atmosphere; Satellites; ISE, Pacific, Tonga; IS, Tropical Pacific; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.507679 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suitability of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) as a Measure of Relative Growth Rates in Lingcod AN - 902368680; 15762774 AB - The effectiveness of spatial management strategies is typically evaluated through traditional biological measurements of size, density, biomass, and the diversity of species inside and outside management boundaries. However, there have been relatively few attempts to evaluate the processes underlying these biological patterns. In this study, we take the first step toward developing a relative index of body growth for lingcod Ophiodon elongatus using plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) with the ultimate goal of measuring spatial differences in relative growth rates. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is one of the principal hormones that stimulates growth at the cellular level in all vertebrates and shows significant relationships with body growth in many fishes. In the laboratory, we found that the level of IGF1 was related to the instantaneous growth of juvenile lingcod. In the field, we measured size, condition, and plasma IGF1 level in 149 lingcod from eight locations inside and outside marine protected areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington. The IGF1 levels in wild lingcod were highly variable from site to site for both genders, and we were able to detect differences in IGF1 across space in males. Multivariate analyses showed that the spatial patterns of IGF1 differed from those of traditional biological measurements. More work is needed to validate the relationship between IGF1 and growth in larger individuals, but our research shows the potential for IGF1 to be used as an ecological indicator. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Andrews, Kelly S AU - Beckman, Brian R AU - Beaudreau, Anne H AU - Larsen, Donald A AU - Williams, Greg D AU - Levin, Phillip S AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA, kelly.andrews@noaa.gov kelly.andrews@noaa.gov kelly.andrews@noaa.gov kelly.andrews@noaa.gov kelly.andrews@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 250 EP - 260 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Ecological distribution KW - Population density KW - INE, USA, Washington, San Juan I. KW - INE, USA, Washington KW - Hormones KW - Ophiodon elongatus KW - Coastal zone management KW - Spatial variations KW - Nature conservation KW - Marine parks KW - Environment management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Suitability+of+Insulin-Like+Growth+Factor+1+%28IGF1%29+as+a+Measure+of+Relative+Growth+Rates+in+Lingcod&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Kelly+S%3BBeckman%2C+Brian+R%3BBeaudreau%2C+Anne+H%3BLarsen%2C+Donald+A%3BWilliams%2C+Greg+D%3BLevin%2C+Phillip+S&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Growth rate; Ecological distribution; Marine parks; Nature conservation; Population density; Hormones; Environment management; Coastal zone management; Ophiodon elongatus; INE, USA, Washington, San Juan I.; INE, USA, Washington; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contrasting Early Marine Ecology of Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon in Southeast Alaska: Insight into Factors Affecting Marine Survival AN - 902368657; 15762773 AB - To identify processes potentially contributing to the differential marine survival rates of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch originating from Southeast Alaska, we compared the early marine ecology of the two species during the critical first summer in marine waters. We predicted that the higher survival rates for coho salmon relative to Chinook salmon were related to the larger size, faster growth, or different habitat or species associations of coho salmon. Our size and growth expectations were largely substantiated: juvenile coho salmon were larger than juvenile Chinook salmon and had faster length-based growth, although weight-based growth rates were similar. The most obvious difference was in their distributions. Juvenile coho salmon overlapped spatially and temporally with abundant juvenile pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta, whereas juvenile Chinook salmon were geographically separated from other salmonids. This suggests that coho salmon benefited from a predation buffer that did not extend to Chinook salmon. Our results indicate that factors influencing marine survival of juvenile Chinook salmon and coho salmon in Southeast Alaska are attributable to species-specific differences in their early marine distribution patterns and species interactions. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Weitkamp, LA AU - Orsi, JA AU - Myers, K W AU - Francis, R C AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA ff2, laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 233 EP - 249 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Anadromous species KW - Ecological distribution KW - Survival KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Coastal zone management KW - Fishery management KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Coastal fisheries KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Oncorhynchus keta KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Contrasting+Early+Marine+Ecology+of+Chinook+Salmon+and+Coho+Salmon+in+Southeast+Alaska%3A+Insight+into+Factors+Affecting+Marine+Survival&rft.au=Weitkamp%2C+LA%3BOrsi%2C+JA%3BMyers%2C+K+W%3BFrancis%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Weitkamp&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Interspecific relationships; Fishery management; Ecological distribution; Anadromous species; Survival; Coastal fisheries; Coastal zone management; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Oncorhynchus keta; INE, USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of Interannual Environmental Forcing and Climate Change on the Distribution of Atlantic Mackerel on the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf AN - 902368636; 15762772 AB - The Northwest Atlantic stock of Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus is distributed from Cape Hatteras to Newfoundland and migrates great distances on a seasonal basis. Atlantic mackerel are sensitive to changes in temperature, preferring water greater than 5 degree C. Annual changes in the winter and early-spring distributions of Atlantic mackerel were investigated using satellite imagery, research trawl surveys, geographical information systems, and spatial and standard statistical analyses. During the past 40-plus years (1968-2008), the distribution of the stock has shifted about 250 km to the north and east. Also, a change has occurred in the depth distribution of the stock, from deeper off-shelf locations to shallower on-shelf ones. Areal and bathymetric changes in distribution are correlated with interannual temperature variability and gradual warming. These results have implications for U.S. commercial and recreational mackerel fisheries because, despite the current high abundance of the stock, the changes in distribution will probably make it more difficult to find and catch Atlantic mackerel in certain areas in the future. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Overholtz, W J AU - Hare, JA AU - Keith, C M AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA ff2, wjomar@verizon.net wjomar@verizon.net Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 219 EP - 232 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Geographical distribution KW - Ecological distribution KW - Climate change KW - Statistical analysis KW - coastal fisheries KW - Marine fish KW - Commercial fishing KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Fishery surveys KW - ANW, Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland KW - Fisheries KW - Seasonal variations KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Temperature KW - Satellites KW - Bathymetric changes KW - Ocean currents KW - ANW, USA, North Carolina, Cape Hatteras KW - Satellite sensing KW - USA KW - Scomber scombrus KW - Interannual variability KW - Recreation areas KW - Geographic information systems KW - Temperature variability KW - abundance KW - Information systems KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+Interannual+Environmental+Forcing+and+Climate+Change+on+the+Distribution+of+Atlantic+Mackerel+on+the+U.S.+Northeast+Continental+Shelf&rft.au=Overholtz%2C+W+J%3BHare%2C+JA%3BKeith%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Overholtz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Marine fish; Satellite sensing; Commercial fishing; Geographical distribution; Fishery surveys; Ecological distribution; Climate change; Information systems; Ocean currents; Interannual variability; Fisheries; Statistical analysis; Temperature variability; Bathymetric changes; catches; Sulfur dioxide; Recreation areas; Temperature; Geographic information systems; coastal fisheries; Satellites; Seasonal variations; abundance; Scomber scombrus; ANW, USA, North Carolina, Cape Hatteras; USA; ANW, Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling Efficiency of Longlines for Shortraker and Rougheye Rockfish using Observations from a Manned Submersible AN - 902368611; 15762771 AB - Populations of demersal rockfish of the genus Sebastes are challenging to assess because they inhabit rocky areas that are difficult to sample with trawl gear. In contrast, longline gear can sample rocky areas, but several factors besides fish density can affect the relationship between catch rates and density. In this study, longline catch rates of shortraker rockfish Sebastes borealis and rougheye rockfish S. aleutianus were compared with observations of density from a manned submersible to evaluate the species' catchability on longline gear. On separate occasions, rockfish behavior in the presence of longline gear was observed from the submersible. Densities averaged 3.0 shortraker and rougheye rockfish (combined) per 330 m2 of bottom (the effectively sampled area of a 100-m transect). Longline catch rates averaged 2.7 shortraker and rougheye rockfish per skate of 45 hooks. Longline catch rates were not statistically affected by submersible observations. There was a positive trend between density and longline catch rates, but the relationship was not significant. As observed from the submersible, the proportion of fish free-swimming near the longline increased through the duration of the set, indicating that rockfish were attracted to the line faster than they were caught. The catching process for shortraker and rougheye rockfish lasts longer than for more mobile species such as sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Rodgveller, Cara J AU - Sigler, Michael F AU - Hanselman, Dana H AU - Ito, Daniel H AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA, cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Rockcod KW - Rockfishes KW - Rosefishes KW - Sablefish KW - Shortraker rockfish KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Submersibles KW - Longlining KW - Fishing gear KW - Population density KW - Sebastes borealis KW - Anoplopoma fimbria KW - Coastal zone management KW - Marine fish KW - Catchability KW - Fishery management KW - Sampling KW - Sebastes KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08564:Instruments, tools, equipment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Sampling+Efficiency+of+Longlines+for+Shortraker+and+Rougheye+Rockfish+using+Observations+from+a+Manned+Submersible&rft.au=Rodgveller%2C+Cara+J%3BSigler%2C+Michael+F%3BHanselman%2C+Dana+H%3BIto%2C+Daniel+H&rft.aulast=Rodgveller&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Catchability; Fishery management; Submersibles; Fishing gear; Longlining; Population density; Sampling; Coastal zone management; Sebastes borealis; Anoplopoma fimbria; Sebastes; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model for Estimating the Minimum Number of Offspring to Sample in Studies of Reproductive Success AN - 902368081; 15568251 AB - Molecular parentage permits studies of selection and evolution in fecund species with cryptic mating systems, such as fish, amphibians, and insects. However, there exists no method for estimating the number of offspring that must be assigned parentage to achieve robust estimates of reproductive success when only a fraction of offspring can be sampled. We constructed a 2-stage model that first estimated the mean ( mu ) and variance (v) in reproductive success from published studies on salmonid fishes and then sampled offspring from reproductive success distributions simulated from the mu and v estimates. Results provided strong support for modeling salmonid reproductive success via the negative binomial distribution and suggested that few offspring samples are needed to reject the null hypothesis of uniform offspring production. However, the sampled reproductive success distributions deviated significantly ( chi super(2) goodness-of-fit test p value 0.05 and as high as 0.24, even when hundreds of offspring were assigned parentage. In general, reproductive success patterns were less accurate when offspring were sampled from cohorts with larger numbers of parents and greater variance in reproductive success. Our model can be reparameterized with data from other species and will aid researchers in planning reproductive success studies by providing explicit sampling targets required to accurately assess reproductive success. JF - Journal of Heredity AU - Anderson, Joseph H AU - Ward, Eric J AU - Carlson, Stephanie M Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 567 EP - 576 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1503, 0022-1503 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Anadromous species KW - Models KW - Mating KW - Genetics KW - Progeny KW - Sampling KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Salmonidae KW - Aquatic insects KW - Evolution KW - Breeding success KW - Modelling KW - G 07740:Evolution KW - Y 25130:Methodology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+Estimating+the+Minimum+Number+of+Offspring+to+Sample+in+Studies+of+Reproductive+Success&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+W%3BPiniak%2C+G+A%3BWilliams%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2010.10.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; Amphibiotic species; Anadromous species; Reproductive behaviour; Aquatic insects; Evolution; Modelling; Breeding success; Mating; Data processing; Progeny; Sampling; Models; Salmonidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr060 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - FishSmart: Harnessing the Knowledge of Stakeholders to Enhance U.S. Marine Recreational Fisheries with Application to the Atlantic King Mackerel Fishery AN - 902364154; 15848101 AB - Despite widespread recognition of the importance of including stakeholders in management decisions for fisheries, an integrated process for broadening stakeholder involvement in the management of marine fisheries in the United States is lacking. Many marine recreational fishery stakeholders feel frustrated by a perceived lack of inclusion in the management process. Here, we describe a collaborative, integrated process between scientists and stakeholders, called "FishSmart," which complements current management by informing fishery managers of stakeholder preferences for alternative management strategies. Strategies were designed by the stakeholders to improve the status of the king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla fishery off the southeastern coast of the United States, relative to their shared vision of an improved fishery. Over the course of four facilitated workshops, stakeholders explored and compared the consequences of voluntary and regulatory fishery management strategies, using a decision analysis model developed by project scientists. Goals identified by stakeholders included maintaining high and stable catches and retaining year-round access and the ability to catch large fish. Options modeled included both voluntary changes in fishing practices and mandatory regulations. Stakeholders agreed that status quo management options were not sufficient to ensure sustainability in the Atlantic king mackerel fishery and developed a suite of 18 consensus recommendations of how to best meet their shared vision of a quality fishery. JF - American Fisheries Society Symposium AU - Ihde, T F AU - Wilberg, MJ AU - Secor, D H AU - Miller, T J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 19 EP - 93 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine fish KW - Marine KW - USA KW - Resource management KW - Scomberomorus cavalla KW - Fishery management KW - Mackerel fisheries KW - Scomber KW - Catch statistics KW - Fishery development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902364154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ihde%2C+T+F%3BWilberg%2C+MJ%3BSecor%2C+D+H%3BMiller%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Ihde&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=FishSmart%3A+Harnessing+the+Knowledge+of+Stakeholders+to+Enhance+U.S.+Marine+Recreational+Fisheries+with+Application+to+the+Atlantic+King+Mackerel+Fishery&rft.title=FishSmart%3A+Harnessing+the+Knowledge+of+Stakeholders+to+Enhance+U.S.+Marine+Recreational+Fisheries+with+Application+to+the+Atlantic+King+Mackerel+Fishery&rft.issn=08922284&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Species Abundance Trends in the Northern Gulf of California using Local Ecological Knowledge AN - 902358592; 15762759 AB - Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires data on all parts of the ecosystem, and this can be a barrier in data-poor systems. Marine ecologists need a means of drawing together diverse information to reconstruct species abundance trends for a variety of purposes. This article uses a fuzzy logic approach to integrate information from multiple data sources and describe biomass trends for marine species groups in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Forty-two species groups were analyzed, comprising fish, invertebrates, birds, mammals, turtles, and algae. The most important new data series comes from recent interviews with fishers in the northern part of the gulf. Respondents were asked to classify the abundance of various targeted and untargeted marine species groups from 1950 to the present. The fuzzy logic method integrates their responses with catch-per-unit-effort series, intrinsic vulnerability to fishing determined from life history parameters, biomass predicted by a Schaefer harvest model, and other simple indices. The output of the fuzzy logic routine is a time series of abundance for each species group that can be compared with known trends. The results suggest a general decline in species abundance across fished and mulshed taxa, with a few exceptions. Information gathered from interviews indicated that older fishers tended to recognize a greater relative decrease in species abundance since 1970 than did younger fishers, providing another example of Pauly's (1995) shifting cognitive baselines. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Ainsworth, CH Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 190 EP - 218 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Barriers KW - Abundance KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - coastal fisheries KW - Population dynamics KW - Models KW - fuzzy logic KW - Fishing KW - Fishery management KW - Information processing KW - Coastal fisheries KW - Vulnerability KW - ISE, Mexico, California Gulf KW - Algae KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - time series analysis KW - life history KW - relative abundance KW - Biomass KW - ecologists KW - Coastal zone management KW - Life history KW - Marine ecologists KW - Cognitive ability KW - Depleted stocks KW - Fish KW - fishing KW - abundance KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902358592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Species+Abundance+Trends+in+the+Northern+Gulf+of+California+using+Local+Ecological+Knowledge&rft.au=Ainsworth%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Ainsworth&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Barriers; Marine ecologists; Fishery management; Aquatic reptiles; Depleted stocks; Coastal fisheries; Vulnerability; Population dynamics; Coastal zone management; fuzzy logic; Fishing; Life history; Data processing; Cognitive ability; Information processing; Abundance; Biomass; Algae; Models; time series analysis; life history; relative abundance; Fish; fishing; coastal fisheries; ecologists; abundance; ISE, Mexico, California Gulf; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal, Small-Scale Distribution of Atka Mackerel in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, with Respect to Reproduction AN - 902357983; 15762770 AB - We investigated the spatial distribution of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius with respect to maturity stage at Seguam Pass in the Aleutian Islands as well as their spawning locations within trawlable areas at three small-scale (10-20-nautical mile or 18.5-37.0-km) sites. Histological methods were used to determine maturity stages, and male maturity stages are described for the first time. Spawning areas were identified by catch per unit effort of demersal egg masses. At Seguam Pass, spawning was concentrated in the area adjacent to the east side of Amlia Island and between Amlia and Seguam islands. The observed spatial segregation of Atka mackerel by sex and maturity stage appears to interact with the boundaries of the trawl exclusion zone (TEZ) at Seguam Pass. During spawning, mature fish aggregate inside the closed area and immature fish and nonreproductively active mature males aggregate outside the TEZ in the area open to fishing. This increased the commercial catch selectivity of nonreproductively active males and immature fish during the September fishery. The spawning areas observed at Seguam and Tanaga passes and near Amchitka Island were within TEZs, which may serve as de facto marine protected areas for spawning Atka mackerel. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Cooper, Daniel AU - McDermott, Susanne AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, dan.cooper@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 10 EP - 20 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Pleurogrammus monopterygius KW - maturity KW - marine protected areas KW - coastal fisheries KW - Spawning KW - spawning KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I. KW - Marine fish KW - Islands KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Fishery management KW - IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Fish physiology KW - Scomber KW - Nature conservation KW - Marine parks KW - Fish KW - Reproduction KW - Seasonal variations KW - Environment management KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902357983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Seasonal%2C+Small-Scale+Distribution+of+Atka+Mackerel+in+the+Aleutian+Islands%2C+Alaska%2C+with+Respect+to+Reproduction&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Daniel%3BMcDermott%2C+Susanne&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Fishery management; Fish physiology; Marine parks; Nature conservation; Reproduction; Spawning; Environment management; catches; Sulfur dioxide; maturity; Islands; marine protected areas; Fish; coastal fisheries; Seasonal variations; spawning; Pleurogrammus monopterygius; Scomber; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I.; IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inferred Paternity and Male Reproductive Success in a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Population AN - 902357550; 15568262 AB - We used data from 78 individuals at 26 microsatellite loci to infer parental and sibling relationships within a community of fish-eating ("resident") eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca). Paternity analysis involving 15 mother/calf pairs and 8 potential fathers and whole-pedigree analysis of the entire sample produced consistent results. The variance in male reproductive success was greater than expected by chance and similar to that of other aquatic mammals. Although the number of confirmed paternities was small, reproductive success appeared to increase with male age and size. We found no evidence that males from outside this small population sired any of the sampled individuals. In contrast to previous results in a different population, many offspring were the result of matings within the same "pod" (long-term social group). Despite this pattern of breeding within social groups, we found no evidence of offspring produced by matings between close relatives, and the average internal relatedness of individuals was significantly less than expected if mating were random. The population's estimated effective size was <30 or about 1/3 of the current census size. Patterns of allele frequency variation were consistent with a population bottleneck. JF - Journal of Heredity AU - Ford, Michael J AU - Hanson, MBradley AU - Hempelmann, Jennifer A AU - Ayres, Katherine L AU - Emmons, Candice K AU - Schorr, Gregory S AU - Baird, Robin W AU - Balcomb, Kenneth C AU - Wasser, Samuel K AU - Parsons, Kim M AU - Balcomb-Bartok, Kelly Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 537 EP - 553 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1503, 0022-1503 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Age KW - Allelles KW - Males KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Mating KW - Population genetics KW - Genetics KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Breeding KW - Siblings KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Population bottleneck KW - Paternity KW - Microsatellites KW - Orcinus orca KW - Marine mammals KW - DNA KW - Progeny KW - Census KW - Gene frequency KW - Cetacea KW - Breeding success KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07870:Mammals KW - Q1 08374:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902357550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=Inferred+Paternity+and+Male+Reproductive+Success+in+a+Killer+Whale+%28Orcinus+orca%29+Population&rft.au=Ford%2C+Michael+J%3BHanson%2C+MBradley%3BHempelmann%2C+Jennifer+A%3BAyres%2C+Katherine+L%3BEmmons%2C+Candice+K%3BSchorr%2C+Gregory+S%3BBaird%2C+Robin+W%3BBalcomb%2C+Kenneth+C%3BWasser%2C+Samuel+K%3BParsons%2C+Kim+M%3BBalcomb-Bartok%2C+Kelly&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.issn=00221503&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjhered%2Fesr067 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; Population genetics; Allelles; Nucleotide sequence; Males; Marine mammals; DNA; Reproductive behaviour; Breeding success; Mating; Age; Data processing; Breeding; Population bottleneck; Paternity; Microsatellites; Gene frequency; Siblings; Census; Progeny; Orcinus orca; Cetacea; IN, North Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr067 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxin profile change in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of Alexandrium fundyense after gut passage in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica AN - 899161550; 15792576 AB - Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense Balech were fed to the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin under controlled conditions. Para-lytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were measured in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts prior to feeding and directly after passage through the oyster alimentary canal and defecation as intact cells. Oysters fed with vegetative cells and those fed with pellicle cysts accumulated toxins. One experimental treatment tested for direct uptake of toxins from the water (oysters and A. fundyense cells were separated by a screen); PSTs were not accumulated from the water by the oysters. There were no significant changes in total, per-cell toxicity after passage through the oyster alimentary canal, suggesting limited transfer of toxins from intact cells to the oysters. However, there were statistically significant changes in the toxin composition of cells following gut passage. Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts from feces had increased amounts of saxitoxin (STX) and decreased amounts of gonyautoxin 4 (GTX4) per cell, compared to amounts prior to gut passage. Following gut passage, pellicle cysts showed better survival in the feces than vegetative cells, which is consistent with the view of pellicle-cyst formation as a -successful survival strategy against adverse conditions. JF - Aquatic Biology AU - Smith, Barry C AU - Persson, Agneta AU - Selander, Erik AU - Wikfors, Gary H AU - Alix, Jennifer AD - Milford Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Milford, Connecticut 06460, USA, barry.smithnoaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 193 EP - 201 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1864-7782, 1864-7782 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Alexandrium fundyense KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Dinoflagellate KW - Toxin KW - PST KW - Pellicle cyst KW - Cell survival KW - Toxicants KW - Statistical analysis KW - Hydrobiology KW - Phytoplankton KW - Vegetative cells KW - Saxitoxin KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Feces KW - Marine KW - Feeding KW - Defecation KW - Pellicle KW - gonyautoxin KW - Animal physiology KW - Toxicity KW - Cysts KW - Toxins KW - Canals KW - Digestive tract KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Controlled conditions KW - Marine molluscs KW - Defaecation KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899161550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Biology&rft.atitle=Toxin+profile+change+in+vegetative+cells+and+pellicle+cysts+of+Alexandrium+fundyense+after+gut+passage+in+the+eastern+oyster+Crassostrea+virginica&rft.au=Smith%2C+Barry+C%3BPersson%2C+Agneta%3BSelander%2C+Erik%3BWikfors%2C+Gary+H%3BAlix%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00362 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Toxicants; Phytoplankton; Hydrobiology; Marine molluscs; Animal physiology; Toxicity; Cysts; Defaecation; Cell survival; Feeding; Defecation; Statistical analysis; gonyautoxin; Pellicle; Vegetative cells; Toxins; Canals; Digestive tract; Dinoflagellates; Saxitoxin; Controlled conditions; Feces; Alexandrium fundyense; Crassostrea virginica; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00362 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bridging the marine-terrestrial disconnect to improve marine coastal zone science and management AN - 899157933; 15792505 AB - Coastal zone ecosystems sit between larger terrestrial and marine environments and, therefore, are strongly affected by processes occurring in both systems. Marine coastal zone systems provide a range of benefits to humans, and yet many have been significantly degraded as a result of direct and indirect human impacts. Management efforts have been hampered by disconnects both between management and scientific research and across linked marine-terrestrial systems. Management jurisdictions often start or end at the shoreline, and multiple agencies at different levels of government often have overlapping or conflicting management goals or priorities, or suffer from a lack of knowledge or interest. Scientists also often fail to consider connections among linked marine-terrestrial systems, and communication among agencies, among scientists in different disciplines, and between scientists and managers is often inadequate. However, despite the institutional and scientific challenges inherent in improving coastal zone management, there are examples of increased coordination and cooperation among different organizations. We discuss a number of examples - including where the marine-terrestrial and science-management disconnects persist and where better integration has led to successes in coastal zone management - and provide recommendations to scientists and managers on how to better link their efforts in science and management across marine and terrestrial systems. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Ruttenberg, Benjamin I AU - Granek, Elise F AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Dr., Miami, Florida 33149, USA, benjamin.ruttenbergnoaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 203 EP - 212 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 United States VL - 434 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Ecosystems KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Cooperation KW - Communication KW - Marine ecology KW - jurisdiction KW - Human impact KW - Coastal zone management KW - Integration KW - Scientific research KW - Coastal zone KW - Communications KW - Marine environment KW - coastal zone management KW - Governments KW - Human factors KW - O 6060:Coastal Zone Resources and Management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899157933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Bridging+the+marine-terrestrial+disconnect+to+improve+marine+coastal+zone+science+and+management&rft.au=Ruttenberg%2C+Benjamin+I%3BGranek%2C+Elise+F&rft.aulast=Ruttenberg&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=434&rft.issue=&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09132 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Governments; Coastal zone management; Integration; Coastal zone; Marine environment; Cooperation; Communication; Human impact; Scientific research; Ecosystems; Marine ecology; Communications; Terrestrial environments; coastal zone management; Human factors; jurisdiction; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09132 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The meteorological nature of variable soluble iron transport and deposition within the North Atlantic Ocean basin AN - 898201084; 2011-087228 AB - Aerosol transport from the Sahara desert to the North Atlantic Ocean generates the largest annual flux of mineral dust and total Fe found in the global oceans, enriching the mixed layer with soluble iron. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Global Chemical Transport model to examine the transport and deposition of bioavailable iron on time scales ranging from seasonal to daily. The model is compared with observed mineral dust concentrations, depositions, and soluble Fe fractions. It is shown that simulated cumulative soluble Fe deposition (SFeD) employing a variable Fe solubility parameterization compares well with observed short-term changes of dissolved iron within a thermally stratified surface mixed layer, while assuming a constant 2% solubility does not. The largest year-to-year variability of seasonal SFeD (45 to 90%) occurs throughout winter and spring in the central and northeast Atlantic Ocean. It is strongly linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, producing substantially more SFeD during the positive phase than the negative phase. The ratio of wet to total SFeD increases with distance from the Saharan source region and is especially large when concentrations are small during the negative NAO. In summer, the relatively steady circulation around the Azores high results in low interannual variability of SFeD (<30%); however, regional short-term events are found to be highly episodic, and daily deposition rates can be a factor of 4 or more higher than the monthly mean flux. Three-dimensional backward trajectories are used to determine the origin and evolution of a specific SFeD event. We show that the dust mass-mean sedimentation rate should be incorporated into the air parcel dynamical vertical velocity for a more precise transport path. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Moxim, Walter J AU - Fan, Song-Miao AU - Levy, Hiram, II Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D03203 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D3 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - sea water KW - ecosystems KW - solution KW - iron KW - transport KW - mixing KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - meteorology KW - concentration KW - three-dimensional models KW - clastic sediments KW - biochemistry KW - sedimentation KW - solubility KW - nutrients KW - deposition KW - atmospheric transport KW - metals KW - dust KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - wind transport KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/898201084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=The+meteorological+nature+of+variable+soluble+iron+transport+and+deposition+within+the+North+Atlantic+Ocean+basin&rft.au=Moxim%2C+Walter+J%3BFan%2C+Song-Miao%3BLevy%2C+Hiram%2C+II&rft.aulast=Moxim&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD014709 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 96 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; atmospheric transport; biochemistry; clastic sediments; concentration; deposition; dust; ecosystems; iron; metals; meteorology; mixing; North Atlantic; North Atlantic Oscillation; nutrients; sea water; seasonal variations; sedimentation; sediments; solubility; solution; three-dimensional models; transport; velocity; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014709 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea-floor geology and character of eastern Rhode Island Sound west of Gay Head, Massachusetts AN - 894811206; 2011-083188 AB - Gridded multibeam bathymetry covers approximately 102 square kilometers of sea floor in eastern Rhode Island Sound west of Gay Head, Massachusetts. Although originally collected for charting purposes during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey H11922, these acoustic data and the sea-floor stations subsequently occupied to verify them (1) show the composition and terrain of the seabed, (2) provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat, and (3) are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities (for example, windfarms and fisheries) along the Massachusetts inner continental shelf. Most of the sea floor in the study area has an undulating to faintly rippled appearance and is composed of bioturbated muddy sand, reflecting processes associated with sediment sorting and reworking. Shallower areas are composed of rippled sand and, where small fields of megaripples are present, indicate sedimentary environments characterized by processes associated with coarse bedload transport. Boulders and gravel were found on the floors of scour depressions and on top of an isolated bathymetric high where erosion has removed the Holocene marine sediments and exposed the underlying relict lag deposits of Pleistocene drift. The numerous scour depressions, which formed during storm-driven events, result in the juxtaposition of sea-floor areas with contrasting sedimentary environments and distinct gravel, sand, and muddy sand textures. This textural heterogeneity in turn creates a complex patchwork of habitats. Our observations of local variations in community structure suggest that this small-scale textural heterogeneity adds dramatically to the sound-wide benthic biological diversity. JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Poppe, L J AU - McMullen, K Y AU - Ackerman, S D AU - Blackwood, D S AU - Irwin, B J AU - Schaer, J D AU - Forrest, M R Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - 1 disc PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - Northwest Atlantic KW - seismic profiles KW - geophysical surveys KW - grain size KW - geophysical methods KW - variations KW - seismic methods KW - marine sediments KW - Massachusetts KW - bottom features KW - sediments KW - inner shelf KW - surveys KW - geophysical profiles KW - continental shelf KW - Rhode Island Sound KW - ocean floors KW - North Atlantic KW - USGS KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/894811206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Sea-floor+geology+and+character+of+eastern+Rhode+Island+Sound+west+of+Gay+Head%2C+Massachusetts&rft.au=Poppe%2C+L+J%3BMcMullen%2C+K+Y%3BAckerman%2C+S+D%3BBlackwood%2C+D+S%3BIrwin%2C+B+J%3BSchaer%2C+J+D%3BForrest%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1004/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Aug. 30, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; bottom features; continental shelf; geophysical methods; geophysical profiles; geophysical surveys; grain size; inner shelf; marine sediments; Massachusetts; North Atlantic; Northwest Atlantic; ocean floors; Rhode Island Sound; sediments; seismic methods; seismic profiles; surveys; United States; USGS; variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined multibeam and lidar bathymetry data from eastern Long Island Sound and westernmost Block Island Sound; a regional perspective AN - 894811203; 2011-083187 AB - Detailed bathymetric maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound are of great interest to the Connecticut and New York research and management communities because of this estuary's ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. The completed, geologically interpreted digital terrain models (DTMs), ranging in area from 12 to 293 square kilometers, provide important benthic environmental information, yet many applications require a geographically broader perspective. For example, individual surveys are of limited use for the planning and construction of cross-sound infrastructure, such as cables and pipelines, or for the testing of regional circulation models. To address this need, we integrated 12 multibeam and 2 LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) contiguous bathymetric DTMs, produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration during charting operations, into one dataset that covers much of eastern Long Island Sound and extends into westernmost Block Island Sound. The new dataset is adjusted to mean lower low water, is gridded to 4-meter resolution, and is provided in UTM Zone 18 NAD83 and geographic WGS84 projections. This resolution is adequate for sea floor-feature and process interpretation but is small enough to be queried and manipulated with standard Geographic Information System programs and to allow for future growth. Natural features visible in the grid include exposed bedrock outcrops, boulder lag deposits of submerged moraines, sand-wave fields, and scour depressions that reflect the strength of the oscillating and asymmetric tidal currents. Bedform asymmetry allows interpretations of net sediment transport. Anthropogenic artifacts visible in the bathymetric data include a dredged channel, shipwrecks, dredge spoils, mooring anchors, prop-scour depressions, buried cables, and bridge footings. Together the merged data reveal a larger, more continuous perspective of bathymetric topography than previously available, providing a fundamental framework for research and resource management activities in this major east-coast estuary. JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Poppe, L J AU - Danforth, W W AU - McMullen, K Y AU - Parker, C E AU - Doran, E F Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - 1 disc PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - laser methods KW - radar methods KW - digital terrain models KW - tides KW - marine sediments KW - lidar methods KW - Long Island Sound KW - bottom features KW - sediments KW - Block Island Sound KW - bathymetry KW - ocean floors KW - North Atlantic KW - estuarine environment KW - USGS KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/894811203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Combined+multibeam+and+lidar+bathymetry+data+from+eastern+Long+Island+Sound+and+westernmost+Block+Island+Sound%3B+a+regional+perspective&rft.au=Poppe%2C+L+J%3BDanforth%2C+W+W%3BMcMullen%2C+K+Y%3BParker%2C+C+E%3BDoran%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1003/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 64 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Aug. 30, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; Block Island Sound; bottom features; currents; digital terrain models; estuarine environment; laser methods; lidar methods; Long Island Sound; marine sediments; North Atlantic; ocean circulation; ocean floors; radar methods; sediments; tides; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea-floor geology and topography offshore in eastern Long Island Sound AN - 894807861; 2011-080203 AB - A gridded multibeam bathymetric dataset covers approximately 133.7 square kilometers of sea floor offshore in eastern Long Island Sound. Although originally collected for charting purposes during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey H11997, these acoustic data, and the sea-floor sampling and photography stations subsequently occupied to verify them during USGS cruise 2010-015-FA, are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and resource management (for example, cables, pipelines, and dredging) activities in this major East Coast estuary. Results show the composition and terrain of the seabed and provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat. Bedrock outcrops, erosional outliers, lag deposits of boulders, scour depressions, and extensive gravel pavements are common in the eastern part of the study area. These features, which result from the near-constant exposure to strong tidal currents, indicate sedimentary environments dominated by processes associated with erosion. Large fields of transverse and barchanoid sand waves in the western part of the study area reflect slightly lower energy levels and sedimentary environments where processes associated with coarse bedload transport prevail. JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Poppe, L J AU - McMullen, K Y AU - Ackerman, S D AU - Blackwood, D S AU - Schaer, J D AU - Forrest, M R AU - Ostapenko, A J AU - Doran, E F Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - 1 disc PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - scour KW - bedload KW - erosion KW - photography KW - marine sediments KW - geographic information systems KW - Long Island Sound KW - bottom features KW - sediments KW - information systems KW - bathymetry KW - ocean floors KW - North Atlantic KW - estuarine environment KW - USGS KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/894807861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Sea-floor+geology+and+topography+offshore+in+eastern+Long+Island+Sound&rft.au=Poppe%2C+L+J%3BMcMullen%2C+K+Y%3BAckerman%2C+S+D%3BBlackwood%2C+D+S%3BSchaer%2C+J+D%3BForrest%2C+M+R%3BOstapenko%2C+A+J%3BDoran%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1150/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on July 12, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; bedload; bottom features; erosion; estuarine environment; geographic information systems; information systems; Long Island Sound; marine sediments; North Atlantic; ocean floors; photography; scour; sediments; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surficial geology of the sea floor in Long Island Sound offshore of Orient Point, New York AN - 894807851; 2011-080201 AB - The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP) are working cooperatively to map and interpret features of the sea floor along the northeastern coast of the United States. This report presents multibeam bathymetry and sidescan-sonar data obtained during NOAA survey H11446, which was conducted in a 12-km (super 2) area in Long Island Sound offshore of Orient Point, NY. In addition, sediment and photographic data from 26 stations obtained during a USGS verification cruise are presented. Overall, the sea floor slopes gently seaward, but topography is more complex in sand-wave and boulder areas, which are evident in the multibeam and sidescan-sonar data from the study area. Sand waves generally have north-south-oriented crests with 10- to 20-m wavelengths. Sand-wave asymmetry indicates eastward net sediment transport in the east and westward net sediment transport in the northern and western parts of the study area. Areas with boulders on the sea floor are typically hummocky and are part of a glacial moraine system. Boulders are typically encrusted with seaweed, sponges, and anemones as shown in the bottom photography. JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - McMullen, K Y AU - Poppe, L J AU - Danforth, W W AU - Blackwood, D S AU - Schaer, J D AU - Guberski, M R AU - Wood, D A AU - Doran, E F Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - 1 disc PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - geophysical methods KW - mapping KW - acoustical methods KW - New York KW - marine sediments KW - Orient Point KW - Long Island Sound KW - bottom features KW - sediments KW - side-scanning methods KW - bathymetry KW - ocean floors KW - North Atlantic KW - USGS KW - sonar methods KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/894807851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Surficial+geology+of+the+sea+floor+in+Long+Island+Sound+offshore+of+Orient+Point%2C+New+York&rft.au=McMullen%2C+K+Y%3BPoppe%2C+L+J%3BDanforth%2C+W+W%3BBlackwood%2C+D+S%3BSchaer%2C+J+D%3BGuberski%2C+M+R%3BWood%2C+D+A%3BDoran%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=McMullen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1100/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on July 12, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acoustical methods; Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; bottom features; geophysical methods; Long Island Sound; mapping; marine sediments; New York; North Atlantic; ocean floors; Orient Point; sediments; side-scanning methods; sonar methods; United States; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of the mosquito control insecticide phenothrin to three life stages of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) AN - 888100868; 15025786 AB - Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as a contact insecticide in mosquito control programs. This study compared the toxicity of phenothrin to adult, larval and embryonic grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and examined oxidative stress responses in adult and larval grass shrimp. The adult 24-h LC50 was 0.341 Delta *mg/L (95 % confidence intervals 0.282-0.412) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.161 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.128-0.203 Delta *mg/L). The larval 24-h LC50 was 0.50 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.441-0.568) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.154 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.139-0.170 Delta *mg/L). In the presence of sediment, the 24-h LC50 was 6.30 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 5.00-7.44 Delta *mg/L) for adults and 0.771 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.630-0.944) for larvae. The sublethal biomarkers glutathione and lipid peroxidase (LPx) were examined after 96-h phenothrin exposure at five concentrations, and there were no statistically significant differences in these levels in adults or larvae compared to controls. There was a significant downward trend in larval LPx levels. This research confirms that phenothrin is highly toxic to grass shrimp and suggests that both adult and larval grass shrimp are appropriate life stages for risk assessments. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Key, Peter B AU - Chung, Katy W AU - Hoguet, Jennifer AU - Sapozhnikova, Yelena AU - Delorenzo, Marie E AD - Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Palaemonetes pugio KW - Grasses KW - Glutathione KW - Lipids KW - Peroxidase KW - Statistical analysis KW - Insecticides KW - Oxidative stress KW - Embryos KW - Pyrethroids KW - Bioindicators KW - Control programs KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Larvae KW - Developmental stages KW - Culicidae KW - Toxicity KW - Food contamination KW - biomarkers KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Sediments KW - Pesticides KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888100868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Reconciling+stock+assessment+and+management+scales+under+conditions+of+spatially+varying+catch+histories&rft.au=Cope%2C+Jason+M%3BPunt%2C+Andre+E&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.002 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a937970208~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Glutathione; Agricultural wastes; Control programs; Peroxidase; Statistical analysis; Developmental stages; Toxicity; Food contamination; biomarkers; Sediments; Lipid peroxidation; Insecticides; Oxidative stress; Pesticides; Embryos; Pyrethroids; Bioindicators; Grasses; Lipids; Larvae; Palaemonetes pugio; Culicidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.572519 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conservative nonlinear filter for the high-frequency range of wind wave spectra AN - 888097441; 15519353 AB - Filtering of the high-frequency part of a wind wave spectrum may be useful in a numerical wind wave model for various reasons. First, it can be used to augment (or be part of) a parameterization of the resonant nonlinear interactions, that are essential to third-generation wind wave models. Second, when combined with a dynamic time stepping scheme for source term integration, it may result in smoother (and hence faster) wave model integration. In this study, such a filter is proposed, based on the traditional Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA) for the resonant four-wave nonlinear interactions. This filter retains all conservative properties of the interactions. For small time steps and/or smooth spectra, it is formulated as a traditional source term. For larger time steps and/or non-smooth spectra it is formulated as a filter. This formulation guarantees stability of the filter itself and will enhance overall computational stability in a full wave model. The stability properties of this filter are illustrated using traditional wave growth computations. Examples are given where the filter improves model economy, and where it is shown to remove spurious high-frequency noise from a wave model. JF - Ocean Modelling AU - Tolman, Hendrik L Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 291 EP - 300 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 39 IS - 3-4 SN - 1463-5003, 1463-5003 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Wind waves KW - Resonant nonlinear interactions KW - Quadruplets KW - Filtering KW - Numerical modeling KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Acoustic waves KW - Noise levels KW - Wave models KW - Filters KW - Growth KW - Wave properties KW - Oceans KW - Economics KW - Conservative properties KW - Wind wave models KW - Noise pollution KW - Wind wave spectra KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - Q2 09205:Noise and bioacoustics KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - M2 551.466:Ocean Waves and Tides (551.466) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888097441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ocean+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+conservative+nonlinear+filter+for+the+high-frequency+range+of+wind+wave+spectra&rft.au=Tolman%2C+Hendrik+L&rft.aulast=Tolman&rft.aufirst=Hendrik&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ocean+Modelling&rft.issn=14635003&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ocemod.2011.05.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Wave properties; Mathematical models; Conservative properties; Wind waves; Acoustic waves; Wind wave models; Wave models; Noise pollution; Wind wave spectra; Filters; Oceans; Economics; Noise levels; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.05.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation AN - 884419764; 2011-070738 AB - The North Brazil Current (NBC) connects the North and South Atlantic and is the major pathway for the surface return flow of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here, we calculate the NBC geostrophic transport time series based on 5 decades of observations near the western boundary off the coast of Brazil. Results reveal a multidecadal NBC variability that lags Labrador Sea deep convection by a few years. The NBC transport time series is coherent with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in sea surface temperature, which also has been widely linked to AMOC fluctuations in previous modeling studies. Our results thus suggest that the observed multidecadal NBC transport variability is a useful indicator for AMOC variations. The suggested connection between the NBC and AMOC is assessed in a 700 year control simulation of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM2.1 coupled climate model. The model results are in agreement with observations and further demonstrate that the variability of NBC transport is a good index for tracking AMOC variations. Concerning the debate about whether a slowdown of AMOC has already occurred under global warming, the observed NBC transport time series suggests strong multidecadal variability but no significant trend. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Zhang, Dongxiao AU - Msadek, Rym AU - McPhaden, Michael J AU - Delworth, Tom Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C04012 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C4 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - tropical environment KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - currents KW - decadal variations KW - ocean circulation KW - Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation KW - sea water KW - Labrador Sea KW - sea surface water KW - global change KW - ocean currents KW - South America KW - transport KW - Brazil KW - climate effects KW - South Atlantic KW - North Atlantic KW - North Brazil Current KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - global warming KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/884419764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+sea+turtles+and+dredge+gear+in+the+U.S.+sea+scallop+%28Placopecten+magellanicus%29+fishery%2C+2001-2008&rft.au=Murray%2C+Kimberly+T&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.017 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; Atlantic Ocean; Brazil; climate effects; currents; decadal variations; global change; global warming; Labrador Sea; North Atlantic; North Atlantic Oscillation; North Brazil Current; ocean circulation; ocean currents; sea surface water; sea water; South America; South Atlantic; transport; tropical environment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006812 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour AN - 883033014; 15356483 AB - Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) employ a unique and complex foraging behaviour -- bubble-netting -- that involves expelling air underwater to form a vertical cylinder-ring of bubbles around prey. We used digital suction cup tags (DTAGs) that concurrently measure pitch, roll, heading, depth and sound (96 kHz sampling rate), to provide the first depiction of the underwater behaviours in which humpback whales engage during bubble-net feeding. Body mechanics and swim paths were analysed using custom visualization software that animates the underwater track of the whale and quantifies tag sensor values. Bubble production was identified aurally and through spectrographic analysis of tag audio records. We identified two classes of behaviour (upward-spiral; 6 animals, 118 events and double-loop; 3 animals, 182 events) that whales used to create bubble nets. Specifically, we show the actual swim path of the whales (e.g., number of revolutions, turning rate, depth interval of spiral), when and where in the process bubbles were expelled and the pattern of bubble expulsion used by the animals. Relative to other baleanopterids, bubble-netting humpbacks demonstrate increased manoeuvrability probably aided by a unique hydrodynamicly enhanced body form. We identified an approximately 20 m depth or depth interval limit to the use of bubble nets and suggest that this limit is due to the physics of bubble dispersal to which humpback whales have behaviourally adapted. All animals were feeding with at least one untagged animal and we use our data to speculate that reciprocity or by-product mutualism best explain coordinated feeding behaviour in humpbacks. JF - Behaviour AU - Wiley, D AU - Ware, C AU - Bocconcelli, A AU - Cholewiak, D AU - Friedlaender, A AU - Thompson, M AU - Weinrich, M AD - Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA National Ocean Service, 175 Edward Foster Road, Scituate, MA 02066, USA, David.Wiley@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 575 EP - 602 VL - 148 IS - 5-6 SN - 0005-7959, 0005-7959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Food organisms KW - Foraging behavior KW - Data processing KW - Symbiosis KW - Sensors KW - Byproducts KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Nets KW - Computer programs KW - Tags KW - Foraging behaviour KW - software KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Marine mammals KW - Mutualism KW - Sound KW - Sampling KW - Dispersal KW - Feeding behavior KW - Prey KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - Y 25030:Foraging and Ingestion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883033014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behaviour&rft.atitle=Underwater+components+of+humpback+whale+bubble-net+feeding+behaviour&rft.au=Wiley%2C+D%3BWare%2C+C%3BBocconcelli%2C+A%3BCholewiak%2C+D%3BFriedlaender%2C+A%3BThompson%2C+M%3BWeinrich%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fishery+Bulletin&rft.issn=00900656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food organisms; Foraging behaviour; Tags; Symbiosis; Sensors; Feeding behaviour; Marine mammals; Byproducts; Computer programs; Foraging behavior; software; Data processing; Sound; Mutualism; Dispersal; Sampling; Feeding behavior; Prey; Nets; Megaptera novaeangliae; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511X570893 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraseasonal variability in barrier layer thickness in the south central Bay of Bengal AN - 881458115; 2011-066056 AB - Time series measurements of temperature and salinity recorded at 8 degrees N, 90 degrees E in the south central Bay of Bengal from a Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction buoy, along with satellite altimetry and scatterometer data, are utilized to describe the seasonal and intraseasonal variability of barrier layer thickness (BLT) during November 2006 to April 2009. The BLT shows strong seasonality with climatological minima during both March-May and August-September and maxima during December-February. Large-amplitude, intraseasonal fluctuations in BLT are observed during September 2007 to May 2008 and during September 2008 to April 2009. The observed intraseasonal variability in BLT is mainly controlled by the vertical movement of isothermal layer depth (ILD) in the presence of a shallow mixed layer. Further, the analysis shows that both ILD and BLT are modulated by vertical stretching of the upper water column associated with westward propagating intraseasonal Rossby waves in the southern bay. These waves are remotely forced by intraseasonal surface winds in the equatorial Indian Ocean. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Girishkumar, M S AU - Ravichandran, M AU - McPhaden, M J AU - Rao, R R Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C03009 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C3 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - time series analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - altimetry KW - salinity KW - satellite methods KW - temperature KW - measurement KW - thermohaline circulation KW - Indian Ocean KW - Bay of Bengal KW - mixing KW - thickness KW - seasonal variations KW - bathymetry KW - remote sensing KW - boundary layer KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881458115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Intraseasonal+variability+in+barrier+layer+thickness+in+the+south+central+Bay+of+Bengal&rft.au=Girishkumar%2C+M+S%3BRavichandran%2C+M%3BMcPhaden%2C+M+J%3BRao%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Girishkumar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006657 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; bathymetry; Bay of Bengal; boundary layer; Indian Ocean; measurement; mixing; remote sensing; salinity; satellite methods; seasonal variations; statistical analysis; temperature; thermohaline circulation; thickness; time series analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006657 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical methods for sulfur determination in glasses, rocks, minerals and fluid inclusions AN - 881452154; 2011-062970 JF - Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry AU - Ripley, Edward M AU - Li, Chusi AU - Moore, Craig H AU - Elswick, Erika R AU - Maynard, J Barry AU - Paul, Rick L AU - Sylvester, Paul AU - Seo, Jun Hun AU - Shimizu, Nobumichi Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 9 EP - 39 PB - Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 1529-6466, 1529-6466 KW - inductively coupled plasma methods KW - laser methods KW - techniques KW - analysis KW - melts KW - infrared spectra KW - electron probe KW - inclusions KW - X-ray analysis KW - spectra KW - rocks KW - glass materials KW - geochemistry KW - experimental studies KW - X-ray fluorescence KW - silicate melts KW - laser ablation KW - mass spectroscopy KW - ion probe KW - sulfur KW - fluid inclusions KW - spectroscopy KW - accuracy KW - minerals KW - instruments KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881452154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Mineralogy+and+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Analytical+methods+for+sulfur+determination+in+glasses%2C+rocks%2C+minerals+and+fluid+inclusions&rft.au=Ripley%2C+Edward+M%3BLi%2C+Chusi%3BMoore%2C+Craig+H%3BElswick%2C+Erika+R%3BMaynard%2C+J+Barry%3BPaul%2C+Rick+L%3BSylvester%2C+Paul%3BSeo%2C+Jun+Hun%3BShimizu%2C+Nobumichi&rft.aulast=Ripley&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+in+Mineralogy+and+Geochemistry&rft.issn=15296466&rft_id=info:doi/10.2138%2Frmg.2011.73.2 L2 - http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/RIM/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, copyright, Mineralogical Society of America | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 112 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RMINDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; analysis; electron probe; experimental studies; fluid inclusions; geochemistry; glass materials; inclusions; inductively coupled plasma methods; infrared spectra; instruments; ion probe; laser ablation; laser methods; mass spectroscopy; melts; minerals; rocks; silicate melts; spectra; spectroscopy; sulfur; techniques; X-ray analysis; X-ray fluorescence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2011.73.2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interannual to decadal changes in the western South Atlantic's surface circulation AN - 881451791; 2011-063924 AB - A combination of surface drifters and altimetry is used to analyze the seasonal to interannual variability of the surface velocity field in the Brazil-Malvinas confluence of the western South Atlantic Ocean. Longer-term changes are inferred from wind and sea surface temperature fields. During the period October 1992 to December 2007, a southward shift of -0.6 to -0.9 degrees decade (super -1) is found in the confluence latitude of the Brazil and Malvinas currents. A comparable trend is found in the latitude of the maximum wind stress curl averaged across the South Atlantic basin, allowing a proxy for the confluence latitude to be calculated for the prealtimeter time period. This longer time series suggests that the recent trend may be part of a longer-term oscillation, which has returned to values last sustained in the early 1980s. This variation does not appear to be related to the multidecadal trend in the Southern Annular Mode, but instead is inversely related to long-term variations in the sea surface temperature anomaly in the Agulhas-Benguela pathway of the eastern South Atlantic subtropical basin. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Lumpkin, Rick AU - Garzoli, Silvia Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C01014 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C1 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - decadal variations KW - ocean circulation KW - sea water KW - sea surface water KW - Brazil-Malvinas confluence KW - altimetry KW - satellite methods KW - confluence KW - ocean currents KW - Agulhas-Benguela Current KW - Southern Annular Mode KW - velocity KW - South Atlantic KW - seasonal variations KW - sea-surface temperature KW - winds KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - TOPEX/POSEIDON KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881451791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Interannual+to+decadal+changes+in+the+western+South+Atlantic%27s+surface+circulation&rft.au=Lumpkin%2C+Rick%3BGarzoli%2C+Silvia&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006285 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agulhas-Benguela Current; altimetry; Atlantic Ocean; Brazil-Malvinas confluence; confluence; currents; decadal variations; ocean circulation; ocean currents; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea surface water; sea water; sea-surface temperature; seasonal variations; South Atlantic; Southern Annular Mode; TOPEX/POSEIDON; velocity; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006285 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and spatial dynamics of CO (sub 2) air-sea flux in the Gulf of Maine AN - 881451781; 2011-063922 AB - Ocean surface layer carbon dioxide (CO (sub 2) ) data collected in the Gulf of Maine from 2004 to 2008 are presented. Monthly shipboard observations are combined with additional higher-resolution CO (sub 2) observations to characterize CO (sub 2) fugacity (fCO (sub 2) ) and CO (sub 2) flux over hourly to interannual time scales. Observed fCO (sub 2) and CO (sub 2) flux dynamics are dominated by a seasonal cycle, with a large spring influx of CO (sub 2) and a fall-to-winter efflux back to the atmosphere. The temporal results at inner, middle, and outer shelf locations are highly correlated, and observed spatial variability is generally small relative to the monthly to seasonal temporal changes. The averaged annual flux is in near balance and is a net source of carbon to the atmosphere over 5 years, with a value of +0.38 mol m (super -2) yr (super -1) . However, moderate interannual variation is also observed, where years 2005 and 2007 represent cases of regional source (+0.71) and sink (-0.11) anomalies. We use moored daily CO (sub 2) measurements to quantify aliasing due to temporal undersampling, an important error budget term that is typically unresolved. The uncertainty of our derived annual flux measurement is + or -0.26 mol m (super -2) yr (super -1) and is dominated by this aliasing term. Comparison of results to the neighboring Middle and South Atlantic Bight coastal shelf systems indicates that the Gulf of Maine exhibits a similar annual cycle and range of oceanic fCO (sub 2) magnitude but differs in the seasonal phase. It also differs by enhanced fCO (sub 2) controls by factors other than temperature-driven solubility, including biological drawdown, fall-to-winter vertical mixing, and river runoff. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Vandemark, D AU - Salisbury, J E AU - Hunt, C W AU - Shellito, S M AU - Irish, J D AU - McGillis, W R AU - Sabine, C L AU - Maenner, S M Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C01012 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C1 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - cycles KW - stream transport KW - longshore currents KW - air-sea interface KW - fugacity KW - carbon dioxide KW - transport KW - dynamics KW - mixing KW - mass balance KW - diurnal variations KW - discharge KW - currents KW - monthly variations KW - annual variations KW - statistical analysis KW - atmosphere KW - solubility KW - ocean currents KW - measurement KW - biogenic processes KW - runoff KW - coastal environment KW - seasonal variations KW - North Atlantic KW - Gulf of Maine KW - winds KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881451781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+spatial+dynamics+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+air-sea+flux+in+the+Gulf+of+Maine&rft.au=Vandemark%2C+D%3BSalisbury%2C+J+E%3BHunt%2C+C+W%3BShellito%2C+S+M%3BIrish%2C+J+D%3BMcGillis%2C+W+R%3BSabine%2C+C+L%3BMaenner%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Vandemark&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006408 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air-sea interface; annual variations; Atlantic Ocean; atmosphere; biogenic processes; carbon dioxide; coastal environment; currents; cycles; discharge; diurnal variations; dynamics; fugacity; Gulf of Maine; longshore currents; mass balance; measurement; mixing; monthly variations; North Atlantic; ocean currents; runoff; seasonal variations; solubility; statistical analysis; stream transport; transport; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006408 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summer blooms of diatom-diazotroph assemblages and surface chlorophyll in the North Pacific gyre; a disconnect AN - 881450688; 2011-066048 AB - The discovery of large summer chlorophyll blooms in oligotrophic regions of the ocean has led to questions about the relationship between these blooms and the frequently cooccurring outburst of nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton. We compared diatom-diazotroph assemblage (DDA) abundance to size-fractionated chlorophyll (chl) and satellite ocean color chlorophyll estimates to evaluate how DDAs affected ocean color estimates in the eastern and central North Pacific gyre at 28-30 degrees N. DDA blooms were dominated by either Hemiaulus hauckii (in the central Pacific in 2003 and the eastern Pacific in 2002) or by Rhizosolenia (eastern Pacific in 2002), both with nitrogen-fixing Richelia symbionts. The 2002 DDA bloom was measured a week prior to the development of a satellite-observed chlorophyll bloom at the same location. In contrast, the 2003 Hemiaulus bloom was not within a clearly defined satellite feature. Although DDA abundance increased 10 (super 4) -10 (super 5) -fold relative to the background and they dominated the net plankton (> or =5 mu m or >10 mu m chl size) fraction, the in situ chl (maximum < or =0.11 mg m (super -3) ) never reached the 0.15 mg m (super -3) threshold used to define satellite-observed chlorophyll blooms in oligotrophic waters. The DDA blooms were not evident in the in situ fluorometer data; however, the blooms occurred within high beam attenuation features observed in the transmissometer data. Trichodesmium was not a component of either diatom bloom although elevated levels of Trichodesmium were observed at two stations where DDAs were not abundant. While DDA blooms and satellite ocean chlorophyll blooms are sometimes coincident, our data do not support that DDAs are the sole source of the satellite-observed chlorophyll in summertime blooms. DDA blooms are likely underreported in the North Pacific, particularly in the waters west of Hawaii, due to their frequent lack of distinctive ocean color, fluorescence, and chlorophyll signatures. The source of the ocean color signature in the blooms remains elusive, but scattered literature observations suggest that cooccurring members of the near-surface flora such as the small pennate diatom Mastogloia may play an important role. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Villareal, Tracy A AU - Adornato, Lori AU - Wilson, Cara AU - Schoenbaechler, Caimee A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C03001 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C3 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - sea water KW - phytoplankton KW - plankton KW - algae KW - nitrogen KW - symbiosis KW - diatoms KW - porphyrins KW - productivity KW - Plantae KW - ocean circulation KW - assemblages KW - pigments KW - geophysical methods KW - Hawaii KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - satellite methods KW - chlorophyll KW - organic compounds KW - North Pacific KW - color KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Oceania KW - Polynesia KW - remote sensing KW - algal blooms KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881450688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Summer+blooms+of+diatom-diazotroph+assemblages+and+surface+chlorophyll+in+the+North+Pacific+gyre%3B+a+disconnect&rft.au=Villareal%2C+Tracy+A%3BAdornato%2C+Lori%3BWilson%2C+Cara%3BSchoenbaechler%2C+Caimee+A&rft.aulast=Villareal&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006268 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algae; algal blooms; assemblages; chlorophyll; color; diatoms; East Pacific Ocean Islands; geophysical methods; Hawaii; nitrogen; North Pacific; ocean circulation; Oceania; organic compounds; Pacific Ocean; phytoplankton; pigments; plankton; Plantae; Polynesia; porphyrins; productivity; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea water; symbiosis; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006268 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upper ocean response to Typhoon Choi-Wan as measured by the Kuroshio Extension Observatory mooring AN - 877847327; 2011-058737 AB - The Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) is a highly instrumented moored reference station located at 32.3 degrees N, 144.5 degrees E in the recirculation gyre south of the Kuroshio Extension. On 19 September 2009, the eye of Typhoon Choi-Wan (International designation: 0914) passed approximately 40 km to the southeast of the KEO surface mooring. Hourly meteorological and physical oceanographic measurements together with 3 hourly air-sea carbon dioxide observations telemetered from KEO in near real time show the evolution of the upper ocean and its associated air-sea fluxes during the passage of this storm and its aftermath. During the approach of the storm, the mixed layer freshened because of intense rainfall. This was followed by a large outgassing of CO (sub 2) , rapid cooling, and an increase in salinity. Although these changes in mixed layer properties imply substantial entrainment, they were accompanied by upwelling and ultimately a temporary approximately 20 m shoaling of the mixed layer. This upwelling, which was observed at all depths, including the deepest sensor near 500 m, was coincident with the onset of near-inertial oscillations in the mixed layer currents. After the typhoon passed, inertial pumping caused approximately 15-20 m amplitude vertical displacements throughout the top 500 m that continued for at least 6 days. A large oceanic response was observed in this case even though the eye of Choi-Wan passed to the right of KEO, resulting in winds rotating cyclonically with time, in opposition to the anticyclonic-rotating near-inertial currents. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Bond, Nicholas A AU - Cronin, Meghan F AU - Sabine, Christopher AU - Kawai, Yoshimi AU - Ichikawa, Hiroshi AU - Freitag, Paul AU - Ronnholm, Keith Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02031 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - sea water KW - anticyclones KW - sea surface water KW - Kuroshio Extension Observatory KW - fresh water KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - cyclones KW - Typhoon Choi-Wan KW - ocean currents KW - West Pacific KW - measurement KW - carbon dioxide KW - Kuroshio KW - North Pacific KW - tropical cyclones KW - Pacific Ocean KW - storms KW - Northwest Pacific KW - winds KW - rain KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877847327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Upper+ocean+response+to+Typhoon+Choi-Wan+as+measured+by+the+Kuroshio+Extension+Observatory+mooring&rft.au=Bond%2C+Nicholas+A%3BCronin%2C+Meghan+F%3BSabine%2C+Christopher%3BKawai%2C+Yoshimi%3BIchikawa%2C+Hiroshi%3BFreitag%2C+Paul%3BRonnholm%2C+Keith&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006548 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anticyclones; atmospheric precipitation; carbon dioxide; currents; cyclones; fresh water; Kuroshio; Kuroshio Extension Observatory; measurement; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Pacific Ocean; rain; sea surface water; sea water; storms; tropical cyclones; Typhoon Choi-Wan; upwelling; West Pacific; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating gas transfer velocity parameterizations using upper ocean radon distributions AN - 877847272; 2011-058716 AB - Sea-air fluxes of gases are commonly calculated from the product of the gas transfer velocity (k) and the departure of the seawater concentration from atmospheric equilibrium. Gas transfer velocities, generally parameterized in terms of wind speed, continue to have considerable uncertainties, partly because of limited field data. Here we evaluate commonly used gas transfer parameterizations using a historical data set of (super 222) Rn measurements at 105 stations occupied on Eltanin cruises and the Geosecs program. We make this evaluation with wind speed estimates from meteorological reanalysis products (from National Centers for Environmental Prediction and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting) that were not available when the (super 22) Rn data were originally published. We calculate gas transfer velocities from the parameterizations by taking into account winds in the period prior to the date that (super 222) Rn profiles were sampled. Invoking prior wind speed histories leads to much better agreement than simply calculating parameterized gas transfer velocities from wind speeds on the day of sample collection. For individual samples from the Atlantic Ocean, where reanalyzed winds agree best with observations, three similar recent parameterizations give k values for individual stations with an rms difference of approximately 40% from values calculated using (super 222) Rn data. Agreement of basin averages is much better. For the global data set, the average difference between k constrained by (super 222) Rn and calculated from the various parameterizations ranges from -0.2 to +0.9 m/d (average, 2.9 m/d). Averaging over large domains, and working with gas data collected in recent years when reanalyzed winds are more accurate, will further decrease the uncertainties in sea-air fluxes. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Bender, Michael L AU - Kinter, Saul AU - Cassar, Nicolas AU - Wanninkhof, Rik Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02010 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - concentration KW - sea water KW - air-water interface KW - sea surface water KW - isotopes KW - atmosphere KW - radon KW - Rn-222 KW - measurement KW - gases KW - radioactive isotopes KW - noble gases KW - tracers KW - climate effects KW - velocity KW - world ocean KW - winds KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877847272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluating+gas+transfer+velocity+parameterizations+using+upper+ocean+radon+distributions&rft.au=Bender%2C+Michael+L%3BKinter%2C+Saul%3BCassar%2C+Nicolas%3BWanninkhof%2C+Rik&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GB003924 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air-water interface; atmosphere; climate effects; concentration; gases; isotopes; measurement; noble gases; radioactive isotopes; radon; Rn-222; sea surface water; sea water; tracers; velocity; winds; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005805 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A construction of pseudo salinity profiles for the global ocean; method and evaluation AN - 877843584; 2011-058708 AB - This study demonstrates a reconstruction of salinity profiles for the global ocean for the period 1993-2008. All available temperature-salinity (T-S) profiles from the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program and Argo data are divided into two subsets; one half is used for producing the vertical coupled T-S empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes, and the other half is used for the verification. We employed a weighted least-squares method that minimizes the misfits between the predetermined EOF structures and independent observed temperature and altimetry data. Verification shows that the South Indian and North Atlantic oceans maintain good correlations to 900 m depth between the observed and reconstructed salinity with altimetry data. Meanwhile, the Pacific and Antarctic oceans below 500 m shows significant negative correlations which are associated with the relationship between steric height and salinity variability in these basins. In order to guarantee general agreement with observations for all ocean depths, we calculate a regional correlation index considering the impact of altimetry data and employ it for our final products. Except for the surface ocean, the pseudo salinity profiles show general improvements compared to the existing climatology and the reanalysis outputs from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's ensemble coupled data assimilation system. Near the surface layer, reanalysis outputs show a relatively high performance due to the coupling between the atmosphere and ocean. An assimilation system produces reliable surface flux variability not accounted for the construction of the global pseudo salinity profiles. These results encourage the application of the global pseudo salinity profiles into an assimilation system for the 20th century when the observed salinity data are sparse. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Chang, You-Soon AU - Rosati, Anthony AU - Zhang, Shaoqing Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02002 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - sea water KW - statistical analysis KW - altimetry KW - salinity KW - geodesy KW - empirical orthogonal functions KW - temperature KW - Indian Ocean KW - crosscorrelation KW - North Atlantic KW - world ocean KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877843584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+construction+of+pseudo+salinity+profiles+for+the+global+ocean%3B+method+and+evaluation&rft.au=Chang%2C+You-Soon%3BRosati%2C+Anthony%3BZhang%2C+Shaoqing&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=You-Soon&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006386 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; Atlantic Ocean; crosscorrelation; empirical orthogonal functions; geodesy; Indian Ocean; North Atlantic; salinity; sea water; statistical analysis; temperature; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006386 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea surface imprints of coastal mountain lee waves imaged by synthetic aperture radar AN - 877843048; 2011-058720 AB - A group of mountain lee waves is observed on an Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image on the lee side of Mountain Laoshan (1133 m) along the Yellow Sea coast of China. The lee waves are shown as alternating bright and dark patterns on the SAR image, indicating the ocean surface wind oscillation associated with the atmospheric wavefield. The horizontal wind variation between wave crest and trough is from 7 to 17 m/s. A Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer image acquired about 8.5 h prior to the SAR pass also showed the same group of standing lee waves. The cloud pattern matches the high-wind pattern in the SAR-derived wind image. The mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to simulate the lee wave phenomenon. We run the triply nested grid model with the highest horizontal resolution of 1 km. The WRF model successfully captures the characteristics of the lee wave. The waves are generated by the terrain forcing and the wave-induced perturbation propagates very strongly upward to the 500 hPa level. The event lasts about 24 h. Based on the WRF model wind results, we run a radar imaging model to simulate the SAR observation. The normalized radar cross section (NRCS) variations induced by the lee wave are compared between the radar simulation and the actual SAR observation. Reasonable agreement is reached. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Li, Xiaofeng AU - Zheng, Weizhong AU - Yang, Xiaofeng AU - Li, Ziwei AU - Pichel, William G Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02014 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Yellow Sea KW - Envisat KW - imagery KW - lee waves KW - radar methods KW - Laoshan Mountain KW - West Pacific KW - mountain lee waves KW - atmospheric circulation KW - SAR KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - ocean waves KW - coastal environment KW - propagation KW - Northwest Pacific KW - meteorology KW - winds KW - MODIS KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877843048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Sea+surface+imprints+of+coastal+mountain+lee+waves+imaged+by+synthetic+aperture+radar&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiaofeng%3BZheng%2C+Weizhong%3BYang%2C+Xiaofeng%3BLi%2C+Ziwei%3BPichel%2C+William+G&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaofeng&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006643 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric circulation; coastal environment; Envisat; imagery; Laoshan Mountain; lee waves; meteorology; MODIS; mountain lee waves; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; ocean waves; Pacific Ocean; propagation; radar methods; SAR; West Pacific; winds; Yellow Sea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006643 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of the ARkStorm scenario AN - 872120193; 2011-052021 AB - The U.S. Geological Survey, Multi Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) uses hazards science to improve resiliency of communities to natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, floods and coastal erosion. The project engages emergency planners, businesses, universities, government agencies, and others in preparing for major natural disasters. The project also helps to set research goals and provides decision-making information for loss reduction and improved resiliency. The first public product of the MHDP was the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario published in May 2008. This detailed depiction of a hypothetical magnitude 7.8 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault in southern California served as the centerpiece of the largest earthquake drill in United States history, involving over 5,000 emergency responders and the participation of over 5.5 million citizens. This document summarizes the next major public project for MHDP, a winter storm scenario called ARkStorm (for Atmospheric River 1,000). Experts have designed a large, scientifically realistic meteorological event followed by an examination of the secondary hazards (for example, landslides and flooding), physical damages to the built environment, and social and economic consequences. The hypothetical storm depicted here would strike the U.S. West Coast and be similar to the intense California winter storms of 1861 and 1862 that left the central valley of California impassible. The storm is estimated to produce precipitation that in many places exceeds levels only experienced on average once every 500 to 1,000 years. JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Porter, Keith AU - Wein, Anne AU - Alpers, Charles AU - Baez, Allan AU - Barnard, Patrick AU - Carter, James AU - Corsi, Alessandra AU - Costner, James AU - Cox, Dale AU - Das, Tapash AU - Dettinger, Michael AU - Done, James AU - Eadie, Charles AU - Eymann, Marcia AU - Ferris, Justin AU - Gunturi, Prasad AU - Hughes, Mimi AU - Jarrett, Robert AU - Johnson, Laurie AU - Le-Griffin, Hanh Dam AU - Mitchell, David AU - Morman, Suzette AU - Neiman, Paul AU - Olsen, Anna AU - Perry, Suzanne AU - Plumlee, Geoffrey AU - Ralph, Martin AU - Reynolds, David AU - Rose, Adam AU - Schaefer, Kathleen AU - Serakos, Julie AU - Siembieda, William AU - Stock, Jonathon AU - Strong, David AU - Sue Wing, Ian AU - Tang, Alex AU - Thomas, Peter AU - Topping, Ken AU - Wills, Chris AU - Jones, Lucile Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 183 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - tsunamis KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - ARkStorm KW - data processing KW - damage KW - decision-making KW - fires KW - computer programs KW - landslides KW - planning KW - mass movements KW - natural hazards KW - floods KW - risk assessment KW - policy KW - USGS KW - earthquakes KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872120193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Overview+of+the+ARkStorm+scenario&rft.au=Porter%2C+Keith%3BWein%2C+Anne%3BAlpers%2C+Charles%3BBaez%2C+Allan%3BBarnard%2C+Patrick%3BCarter%2C+James%3BCorsi%2C+Alessandra%3BCostner%2C+James%3BCox%2C+Dale%3BDas%2C+Tapash%3BDettinger%2C+Michael%3BDone%2C+James%3BEadie%2C+Charles%3BEymann%2C+Marcia%3BFerris%2C+Justin%3BGunturi%2C+Prasad%3BHughes%2C+Mimi%3BJarrett%2C+Robert%3BJohnson%2C+Laurie%3BLe-Griffin%2C+Hanh+Dam%3BMitchell%2C+David%3BMorman%2C+Suzette%3BNeiman%2C+Paul%3BOlsen%2C+Anna%3BPerry%2C+Suzanne%3BPlumlee%2C+Geoffrey%3BRalph%2C+Martin%3BReynolds%2C+David%3BRose%2C+Adam%3BSchaefer%2C+Kathleen%3BSerakos%2C+Julie%3BSiembieda%2C+William%3BStock%2C+Jonathon%3BStrong%2C+David%3BSue+Wing%2C+Ian%3BTang%2C+Alex%3BThomas%2C+Peter%3BTopping%2C+Ken%3BWills%2C+Chris%3BJones%2C+Lucile&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312/ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 137 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 32 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on May 23, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ARkStorm; computer programs; damage; data processing; decision-making; earthquakes; erosion; fires; floods; geologic hazards; landslides; mass movements; natural hazards; planning; policy; risk assessment; tsunamis; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A VAD-Based Dealiasing Method for Radar Velocity Data Quality Control AN - 864962236; 14444959 AB - This paper describes a new velocity-azimuth display (VAD)-based dealiasing method developed for automated radar radial velocity data quality control to satisfy the high-quality standard and efficiency required by operational radar data assimilation. The method is built on an alias-robust velocity-azimuth display (AR-VAD) analysis. It upgrades and simplifies the previous three-step dealiasing method in three major aspects. First, the AR-VAD is used with sufficiently stringent threshold conditions in place of the original modified VAD for the preliminary reference check to produce alias-free seed data in the first step. Second, the AR-VAD is more accurate than the traditional VAD for the refined reference check in the original second step, so the original second step becomes unnecessary and is removed. Third, a block-to-point continuity check procedure is developed, in place of the point-to-point continuity check in the original third step, which serves to enhance the use of the available seed data in a properly enlarged block area around each flagged data point that is being checked with multiple threshold conditions to avoid false dealiasing. The new method has been tested extensively with aliased radial velocity data collected under various weather conditions, including hurricane high-wind conditions. The robustness of the new method is exemplified by the results tested with three cases. The limitations of the new method and possible improvements are discussed. JF - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology AU - Xu, Qin AU - Nai, Kang AU - Wei, Li AU - Zhang, Pengfei AU - Liu, Shun AU - Parrish, David AD - NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK 73072-7326, USA, qin.xu@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 50 EP - 62 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0739-0572, 0739-0572 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Radars/radar observations KW - Data quality control KW - Data assimilation KW - Testing Procedures KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Seeds KW - Velocity KW - Automation KW - Weather conditions KW - Methodology KW - Hurricanes KW - Quality control KW - Radar KW - Standards KW - Quality Control KW - M2 551.515.2:Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons (551.515.2) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.atitle=A+VAD-Based+Dealiasing+Method+for+Radar+Velocity+Data+Quality+Control&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qin%3BNai%2C+Kang%3BWei%2C+Li%3BZhang%2C+Pengfei%3BLiu%2C+Shun%3BParrish%2C+David&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Qin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.issn=07390572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JTECHA1444.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Seeds; Quality control; Methodology; Data quality control; Radar; Weather conditions; Data assimilation; Testing Procedures; Weather; Automation; Velocity; Standards; Quality Control; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHA1444.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How low can you go? Impacts of a low-flow disturbance on aquatic insect communities AN - 864959560; 14690739 AB - The natural hydrology of streams and rivers is being extensively modified by human activities. Water diversion, dam construction, and climate change have the potential to increase the frequency and intensity of low-flow events. Flow is a dominant force structuring stream aquatic insect communities, but the impacts of water diversion are poorly understood. Here we report results of an experimental stream flow diversion designed to test how aquatic insect communities respond to a low-flow disturbance. We diverted 40% to 80% of the water in three replicate streams for three summers, leading to summer flow exceedance probabilities of up to 99.9%. Shifts in habitat availability appeared to be a major driver of aquatic insect community responses. Responses also varied by habitat type: total insect density decreased in riffle habitats, but there was no change in pool habitats. Overall, the total biomass of aquatic insects decreased sharply with lowered flow. Collector-filterers, collector-gatherers, and scrapers were especially susceptible, while predatory insects were more resistant. Despite extremely low flow levels, there was no shift in aquatic insect family richness. The experimental water withdrawal did not increase water temperature or decrease water quality, and some wetted habitat was always maintained, which likely prevented more severe impacts on aquatic insect communities. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Walters, A W AU - Post, D M AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112-2097 USA, annika.walters@gmail.com A2 - Nilsson, C (ed) Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 163 EP - 174 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Aquatic Insects KW - Climate change KW - Climatic changes KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - insects KW - Water quality KW - Streams KW - Habitats KW - Hydrology KW - River Flow KW - Aquatic insects KW - Water Diversion KW - Rivers KW - Temperature effects KW - disturbance KW - Habitat availability KW - Environmental impact KW - River discharge KW - Pest control KW - Water temperature KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - Insects KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Stream flow KW - summer KW - stream flow KW - Human factors KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864959560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=How+low+can+you+go%3F+Impacts+of+a+low-flow+disturbance+on+aquatic+insect+communities&rft.au=Walters%2C+A+W%3BPost%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; River discharge; Environmental impact; Man-induced effects; Pest control; Streams; Aquatic insects; Ecosystem disturbance; Stream flow; Rivers; Habitat availability; Climatic changes; Hydrology; Water temperature; Biomass; Water quality; Habitat; water quality; disturbance; stream flow; summer; Human factors; insects; Habitats; Aquatic Insects; Climate change; River Flow; Insects; Water Diversion; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leatherback nests increasing significantly in Florida, USA; trends assessed over 30 years using multilevel modeling AN - 864956469; 14690747 AB - Understanding population status for endangered species is critical to developing and evaluating recovery plans mandated by the Endangered Species Act. For sea turtles, changes in abundance are difficult to detect because most life stages occur in the water. Currently, nest counts are the most reliable way of assessing trends. We determined the rate of growth for leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nest numbers in Florida (USA) using a multilevel Poisson regression. We modeled nest counts from 68 beaches over 30 years and, using beach-level covariates (including latitude), we allowed for partial pooling of information between neighboring beaches. This modeling approach is ideal for nest count data because it recognizes the hierarchical structure of the data while incorporating variables related to survey effort. Nesting has increased at all 68 beaches in Florida, with trends ranging from 3.1% to 16.3% per year. Overall, across the state, the number of nests has been increasing by 10.2% per year since 1979. Despite being a small population (probably <1000 individuals), this nesting population may help achieve objectives in the federal recovery plan. This exponential growth rate mirrors trends observed for other Atlantic populations and may be driven partially by improved protection of nesting beaches. However, nesting is increasing even where beach protection has not been enhanced. Climate variability and associated marine food web dynamics, which could enhance productivity and reduce predators, may be driving this trend. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Stewart, K AU - Sims, M AU - Meylan, A AU - Witherington, B AU - Brost, B AU - Crowder, L B AD - NOAA-NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 3333 N. Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, California 92037 USA, kelly.stewart@noaa.gov A2 - Dayton, PK (ed) Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 263 EP - 273 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Beaches KW - Data processing KW - Climate KW - Abundance KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Climate change KW - Developmental stages KW - Predators KW - Nests KW - Nesting KW - Population status KW - Endangered species KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Dermochelys coriacea KW - Food webs KW - Endangered Species KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864956469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Leatherback+nests+increasing+significantly+in+Florida%2C+USA%3B+trends+assessed+over+30+years+using+multilevel+modeling&rft.au=Stewart%2C+K%3BSims%2C+M%3BMeylan%2C+A%3BWitherington%2C+B%3BBrost%2C+B%3BCrowder%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Nesting; Climate change; Aquatic reptiles; Reproductive behaviour; Nests; Food webs; Endangered Species; Beaches; Data processing; Abundance; Climate; Population status; Developmental stages; Endangered species; Predators; Dermochelys coriacea; ASW, USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observation of magnetic fields generated by tsunamis AN - 864947451; 2011-040117 AB - Tsunamis produce perturbations in the Earth's magnetic field by electro-magnetic induction. Recent deployments of highly accurate magnetometers and the exceptionally deep solar minimum provided ideal conditions to observe these small signals from the tsunami resulting from the strong Chilean earthquake on 27 February 2010. Magnetic observatory measurements on Easter Island, 3500 kilometers west of the epicenter, show a periodic signal of 1 nanotesla, coincident in time with recordings from the local tide gauge. The detection of these magnetic signals represents a milestone in understanding tsunami-induced electromagnetic effects. JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Manoj, Chandrasekharan AU - Maus, Stefan AU - Chulliat, Arnaud Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 13 EP - 14 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - tsunamis KW - deep solar minimum KW - Chile earthquake 2010 KW - magnetic anomalies KW - Easter Island KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - magnetometers KW - magnetic field KW - variations KW - epicenters KW - earthquakes KW - electromagnetic induction KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864947451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Observation+of+magnetic+fields+generated+by+tsunamis&rft.au=Manoj%2C+Chandrasekharan%3BMaus%2C+Stefan%3BChulliat%2C+Arnaud&rft.aulast=Manoj&rft.aufirst=Chandrasekharan&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011EO020002 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chile earthquake 2010; deep solar minimum; earthquakes; East Pacific Ocean Islands; Easter Island; electromagnetic induction; epicenters; magnetic anomalies; magnetic field; magnetometers; tsunamis; variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO020002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Fuel Location and Distribution on Full-Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires AN - 861555460; 14306952 AB - An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of fuel location and distribution on full-scale underventilated compartment fires in an ISO 9705 room. Heptane fuel was burned in three different fuel distributions: single centered burner (SCB), single rear burner (SRB), and two distributed burner (TDB). It was experimentally observed that variations in fuel placement did not significantly affect the global steady state underventilated fire characteristics such as fuel mass loss rate, heat release rate, combustion efficiency, global equivalence ratio, and global CO emission outside the compartment for these simple distributions. Supplemental numerical simulations reveal that the local characteristics of thermal and chemical environments depend on the fuel placement between the front and rear region inside the compartment. At the front region, the local fire characteristics were nearly the same regardless of fuel placement. Changes in fuel location and distribution resulted in changes in temperature, total heat flux, CO sub(2), and CO volume fraction at the rear region. Burner placement led to changes in the mixture fraction, flow dynamics, and variations in CO production in the back of the compartment. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Hwang, Cheol-Hong AU - Lock, Andrew AU - Bundy, Matthew AU - Johnsson, Erik AU - Ko, Gwon Hyun AD - Department of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Daejeon University, 96-3, Yongun-Dong, Dong-Gu, Daejeon 300-716, South Korea, andrew.lock@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 21 EP - 52 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - compartment fire KW - underventilated fire KW - fuel distribution KW - ISO 9705 room KW - heptane. KW - Fires KW - Fuels KW - Temperature KW - Emissions KW - Simulation KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Heat transfer KW - Combustion KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861555460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Sea-ice+monitoring+over+the+Caspian+Sea+using+geostationary+satellite+data&rft.au=Temimi%2C+Marouane%3BRomanov%2C+Peter%3BGhedira%2C+Hosni%3BKhanbilvardi%2C+Reza%3BSmith%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Temimi&rft.aufirst=Marouane&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431160903578820 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Fuels; Emissions; Temperature; Simulation; Carbon dioxide; Combustion; Heat transfer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904110372119 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Summary of the 18th AMS Symposium on Education AN - 860394099; 14397537 JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Pandya, Rajul AU - Smith, David AU - Ackerman, Steven A AU - Brahma, Priti P AU - Charlevoix, Donna J AU - Foster, Susan Q AU - Gaertner, Volker Karl AU - Lee, Thomas F AU - Hayes, Marianne J AU - Mostek, Anthony AD - NOAA/NWS, Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 61 EP - 64 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Education KW - Conferences KW - Education symposia KW - American Meteorological Society KW - American Meteorological Society meetings KW - Symposium KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 7010:Education - extramural KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - Q2 09108:Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860394099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=A+Summary+of+the+18th+AMS+Symposium+on+Education&rft.au=Pandya%2C+Rajul%3BSmith%2C+David%3BAckerman%2C+Steven+A%3BBrahma%2C+Priti+P%3BCharlevoix%2C+Donna+J%3BFoster%2C+Susan+Q%3BGaertner%2C+Volker+Karl%3BLee%2C+Thomas+F%3BHayes%2C+Marianne+J%3BMostek%2C+Anthony&rft.aulast=Pandya&rft.aufirst=Rajul&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2933.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; Conferences; Education symposia; American Meteorological Society; American Meteorological Society meetings; Symposium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS2933.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Constrains Spread Growth in Forecasts Initialized from Ensemble Kalman Filters? AN - 860390624; 14386486 AB - The spread of an ensemble of weather predictions initialized from an ensemble Kalman filter may grow slowly relative to other methods for initializing ensemble predictions, degrading its skill. Several possible causes of the slow spread growth were evaluated in perfect- and imperfect-model experiments with a two-layer primitive equation spectral model of the atmosphere. The causes examined were the covariance localization, the additive noise used to stabilize the assimilation method and parameterize the system error, and the model error itself. In these experiments, the flow-independent additive noise was the biggest factor in constraining spread growth. Preevolving additive noise perturbations were tested as a way to make the additive noise more flow dependent. This modestly improved the data assimilation and ensemble predictions, both in the two-layer model results and in a brief test of the assimilation of real observations into a global multilevel spectral primitive equation model. More generally, these results suggest that methods for treating model error in ensemble Kalman filters that greatly reduce the flow dependency of the background-error covariances may increase the filter analysis error and decrease the rate of forecast spread growth. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Hamill, Thomas M AU - Whitaker, Jeffrey S AD - NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 117 EP - 131 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 139 IS - 1 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Ensembles KW - Kalman filters KW - Model errors KW - Model evaluation/performance KW - Model initialization KW - Numerical weather prediction/forecasting KW - Primitive equation model KW - Spectral analysis/models/distribution KW - Prediction KW - Kalman Filters KW - Acoustic waves KW - Model Testing KW - Data assimilation KW - Growth KW - Noise pollution KW - Weather forecasting KW - Growth rate KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Ensemble forecasting KW - Kalman filter KW - Growth Rates KW - Errors KW - Model Studies KW - Noise KW - Primitive equation models KW - Additives KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09242:Observations and measurements at sea KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860390624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=What+Constrains+Spread+Growth+in+Forecasts+Initialized+from+Ensemble+Kalman+Filters%3F&rft.au=Hamill%2C+Thomas+M%3BWhitaker%2C+Jeffrey+S&rft.aulast=Hamill&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010MWR3246.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 74 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Growth; Mathematical models; Kalman filters; Weather forecasting; Acoustic waves; Ensemble forecasting; Kalman filter; Primitive equation models; Noise pollution; Data assimilation; Prediction; Weather; Kalman Filters; Noise; Growth Rates; Model Testing; Errors; Additives; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3246.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domoic acid induced seizures progress to a chronic state of epilepsy in rats AN - 860386795; 14371113 AB - The emergence of an epilepsy syndrome in sea lions poisoned by domoic acid (DA) draws striking parallels to the single case study of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that developed in an 84yr old man one year after being poisoned by DA. To establish a basis for understanding this disease in sea lions and humans that appears to progress from DA poisoning, we have investigated the potential for a single incident of DA poisoning in rats to progress to spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), the hallmark of epilepsy. We have developed a DA administration protocol to induce a nonlethal status epilepticus (SE) and monitored the animals for SRS by 6h/week of video recording. We demonstrate that a single episode of SE leads to SRS in 94% of rats (n=23) in 6 months. These findings indicate that DA induced SE can efficiently translate to epileptic disease. JF - Toxicon AU - Muha, Noah AU - Ramsdell, John S AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC 29412, USA, john.ramsdell@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 168 EP - 171 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Domoic acid KW - Amnesic shellfish poison KW - Epilepsy KW - Kainic acid KW - Sea lion KW - Temporal lobe KW - Marine KW - Symptoms KW - Dopamine KW - Marine mammals KW - Seizures KW - Poisoning KW - K 03410:Animal Diseases KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860386795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon&rft.atitle=Domoic+acid+induced+seizures+progress+to+a+chronic+state+of+epilepsy+in+rats&rft.au=Muha%2C+Noah%3BRamsdell%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Muha&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2010.07.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Marine mammals; Temporal lobe; Dopamine; Domoic acid; Epilepsy; Seizures; Poisoning; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.07.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing risk of baleen whale hearing loss from seismic surveys: The effect of uncertainty and individual variation AN - 860382938; 14537512 AB - The potential for seismic airgun "shots" to cause acoustic trauma in marine mammals is poorly understood. There are just two empirical measurements of temporary threshold shift (TTS) onset levels from airgun-like sounds in odontocetes. Considering these limited data, a model was developed examining the impact of individual variability and uncertainty on risk assessment of baleen whale TTS from seismic surveys. In each of 100 simulations: 10000 "whales" are assigned TTS onset levels accounting for: inter-individual variation; uncertainty over the population's mean; and uncertainty over weighting of odontocete data to obtain baleen whale onset levels. Randomly distributed whales are exposed to one seismic survey passage with cumulative exposure level calculated. In the base scenario, 29% of whales (5th/95th percentiles of 10%/62%) approached to 1-1.2 km range were exposed to levels sufficient for TTS onset. By comparison, no whales are at risk outside 0.6 km when uncertainty and variability are not considered. Potentially "exposure altering" parameters (movement, avoidance, surfacing, and effective quiet) were also simulated. Until more research refines model inputs, the results suggest a reasonable likelihood that whales at a kilometer or more from seismic surveys could potentially be susceptible to TTS and demonstrate that the large impact uncertainty and variability can have on risk assessment. JF - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Gedamke, J AU - Gales, N AU - Frydman, S AD - Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, jason.gedamke@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 496 EP - 506 PB - Acoustical Society of America, Suite 1NO1 2 Huntington Quadrangle Melville NY 11747-4502 USA VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Risk assessment KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Acoustics KW - Simulation KW - Avoidance reactions KW - Hearing loss KW - Risks KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Odontoceti KW - whales KW - Models KW - Trauma KW - Marine mammals KW - marine mammals KW - Sound KW - Cetacea KW - Baleens KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 08376:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860382938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Assessing+risk+of+baleen+whale+hearing+loss+from+seismic+surveys%3A+The+effect+of+uncertainty+and+individual+variation&rft.au=Gedamke%2C+J%3BGales%2C+N%3BFrydman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gedamke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/10.1121%2F1.3493445 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Marine mammals; Avoidance reactions; Ecosystem disturbance; Risks; Baleens; Risk assessment; Data processing; Acoustics; Sound; Hearing loss; Trauma; Models; marine mammals; Simulation; whales; Cetacea; Odontoceti; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3493445 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oil spills and fish health: exposing the heart of the matter AN - 860382870; 14164391 AB - The chemical complexity of crude oil and its fuel products poses many important challenges for exposure science in marine ecosystems that support productive fisheries throughout the world. Meeting these challenges will enable better decisions on approaches to protecting and restoring these ecosystems. JF - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Incardona, John P AU - Collier, Tracy K AU - Scholz, Nathaniel L AD - Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 3 EP - 4 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1559-0631, 1559-0631 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Fuels KW - marine ecosystems KW - Crude oil KW - Fisheries KW - Fish KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Oil spills KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860382870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=U.S.+Data+Sources+on+the+Foreign+Born+and+Immigration&rft.au=Grieco%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BRytina%2C+Nancy+F&rft.aulast=Grieco&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Migration+Review&rft.issn=01979183&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1747-7379.2011.00874_4.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Fisheries; Marine ecosystems; Oil spills; marine ecosystems; Crude oil; Ecosystems; Fish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2010.51 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coral mass bleaching and reef temperatures at Navassa Island, 2006 AN - 860382736; 14366598 AB - Bleaching and associated mortality is an extreme threat to the persistence of coral populations in the projected warming regime of the next few decades. Recent evidence indicates that thermal bleaching thresholds may be affected by water quality gradients. The unexpected encounter of a coral mass bleaching event at a remote, uninhabited Caribbean island (Navassa) during a routine reef assessment cruise in November 2006 provided the opportunity to characterize bleaching responses and thermal exposure in an oceanic area with negligible continental influence or human impact on water quality. The coral taxa most susceptible to bleaching were Agaricia spp. and Montastraea faveolata. Siderastraea siderea, Diploria spp. and Porites porites were intermediately affected, while Porites astreoides and Montastraea cavernosa were minimally affected and negligible bleaching was observed in Acropora palmata. Bleaching prevalence (colonies > 4 cm diameter) ranged from 0.16 to 0.63 among sites. Deeper sites (between 18 and 37 m) had significantly higher prevalence of bleaching than shallow sites (<10 m). This general pattern of more bleaching in deeper sites also occurred within species. Though exposure to high-temperature stress was not greater at deeper sites, water motion, which may bolster bleaching resistance, was likely less. In situ loggers indicated temperatures over 30 degree C initiated at shallow sites in mid-August, at deeper sites in early September, and were persistent at all sites until mid-October. Long term (1983-2007) climatologies constructed from AVHRR SSTs suggest that the mass bleaching event observed at Navassa in 2006 corresponded with greater intensity and duration of warm temperature anomalies than occurred in 2005, for which no in situ observations (bleaching nor temperature) are available. JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Miller, M W AU - Piniak, G A AU - Williams, DE AD - NOAA-Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149, USA, margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 01 SP - 42 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Porites astreoides KW - water quality KW - Reefs KW - bleaching KW - Water quality KW - Human impact KW - Siderea KW - coral bleaching KW - Colonies KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Islands KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Agaricia KW - Corals KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Bleaching KW - Climate KW - Estuaries KW - Temperature KW - Brackish KW - Stress KW - Porites porites KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Navassa I. KW - Coral reefs KW - Diploria KW - Temperature anomalies KW - Montastraea faveolata KW - Montastraea cavernosa KW - Acropora palmata KW - Human factors KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860382736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.atitle=Coral+mass+bleaching+and+reef+temperatures+at+Navassa+Island%2C+2006&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+W%3BPiniak%2C+G+A%3BWilliams%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2010.10.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bleaching; Coral reefs; Estuaries; Climate; Ocean-atmosphere system; Temperature anomalies; Brackishwater environment; Water quality; Mortality causes; Temperature effects; Mortality; Reefs; Colonies; Islands; Stress; Corals; Human impact; water quality; coral bleaching; bleaching; Temperature; Human factors; Siderea; Porites astreoides; Diploria; Montastraea faveolata; Porites porites; Montastraea cavernosa; Agaricia; Acropora palmata; ASW, Caribbean Sea; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Navassa I.; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.10.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of Radar Observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Supercell: Influences of Reflectivity Observations on Storm-Scale Analyses AN - 860382607; 14386495 AB - Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) techniques have been proposed for obtaining atmospheric state estimates on the scale of individual convective storms from radar and other observations, but tests of these methods with observations of real convective storms are still very limited. In the current study, radar observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell thunderstorm were assimilated into the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation (NCOMMAS) with an EnKF method. The cloud model employed 1-km horizontal grid spacing, a single-moment bulk precipitation-microphysics scheme, and a base state initialized with sounding data. A 50-member ensemble was produced by randomly perturbing base-state wind profiles and by regularly adding random local perturbations to the horizontal wind, temperature, and water vapor fields in and near observed precipitation. In a reference experiment, only Doppler-velocity observations were assimilated into the NCOMMAS ensemble. Then, radar-reflectivity observations were assimilated together with Doppler-velocity observations in subsequent experiments. Influences that reflectivity observations have on storm-scale analyses were revealed through parameter-space experiments by varying observation availability, observation errors, ensemble spread, and choices for what model variables were updated when a reflectivity observation was assimilated. All experiments produced realistic storm-scale analyses that compared favorably with independent radar observations. Convective storms in the NCOMMAS ensemble developed more quickly when reflectivity observations and velocity observations were both assimilated rather than only velocity, presumably because the EnKF utilized covariances between reflectivity and unobserved model fields such as cloud water and vertical velocity in efficiently developing realistic storm features. Recurring spatial patterns in the differences between predicted and observed reflectivity were noted particularly at low levels, downshear of the supercell's updraft, in the anvil of moderate-to-light precipitation, where reflectivity in the model was typically lower than observed. Bias errors in the predicted rain mixing ratios and/or the size distributions that the bulk scheme associates with these mixing ratios are likely responsible for this reflectivity underprediction. When a reflectivity observation is assimilated, bias errors in the model fields associated with reflectivity (rain, snow, and hail-graupel) can be projected into other model variables through the ensemble covariances. In the current study, temperature analyses in the downshear anvil at low levels, where reflectivity was underpredicted, were very sensitive both to details of the assimilation algorithm and to ensemble spread in temperature. This strong sensitivity suggests low confidence in analyses of low-level cold pools obtained through reflectivity-data assimilation. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Dowell, David C AU - Wicker, Louis J AU - Snyder, Chris AD - Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, and NOAA/OAR National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma, and National Center for Atmospheric Research, * Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 272 EP - 294 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 139 IS - 1 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Ensembles KW - Kalman filters KW - Radar observations KW - Data assimilation KW - Supercells KW - Anvils KW - Reflectance KW - Algorithms KW - Current observations KW - Storms KW - Mixing KW - USA, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City KW - Mixing ratio KW - Mathematical models KW - Wind profiles KW - Snow KW - Temperature KW - Kalman filter KW - Velocity KW - Soundings KW - Precipitation KW - Errors KW - Model Studies KW - Convective storms KW - Clouds KW - Radar KW - Rain KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860382607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Ensemble+Kalman+Filter+Assimilation+of+Radar+Observations+of+the+8+May+2003+Oklahoma+City+Supercell%3A+Influences+of+Reflectivity+Observations+on+Storm-Scale+Analyses&rft.au=Dowell%2C+David+C%3BWicker%2C+Louis+J%3BSnyder%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010MWR3438.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 66 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Reflectance; Snow; Wind profiles; Kalman filters; Soundings; Mixing ratio; Current observations; Anvils; Radar; Algorithms; Supercells; Kalman filter; Precipitation; Data assimilation; Convective storms; Clouds; Temperature; Velocity; Rain; Errors; Mixing; Storms; Model Studies; USA, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3438.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Addressing uncertainty in fecal indicator bacteria dark inactivation rates AN - 860380636; 14366814 AB - Assessing the potential threat of fecal contamination in surface water often depends on model forecasts which assume that fecal indicator bacteria (FIB, a proxy for the concentration of pathogens found in fecal contamination from warm-blooded animals) are lost or removed from the water column at a certain rate (often referred to as an "inactivation" rate). In efforts to reduce human health risks in these water bodies, regulators enforce limits on easily-measured FIB concentrations, commonly reported as most probable number (MPN) and colony forming unit (CFU) values. Accurate assessment of the potential threat of fecal contamination, therefore, depends on propagating uncertainty surrounding "true" FIB concentrations into MPN and CFU values, inactivation rates, model forecasts, and management decisions. Here, we explore how empirical relationships between FIB inactivation rates and extrinsic factors might vary depending on how uncertainty in MPN values is expressed. Using water samples collected from the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) in eastern North Carolina, we compare Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus (ENT) dark inactivation rates derived from two statistical models of first-order loss; a conventional model employing ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression with MPN values, and a novel Bayesian model utilizing the pattern of positive wells in an IDEXX Quanti-Tray registered /2000 test. While our results suggest that EC dark inactivation rates tend to decrease as initial EC concentrations decrease and that ENT dark inactivation rates are relatively consistent across different ENT concentrations, we find these relationships depend upon model selection and model calibration procedures. We also find that our proposed Bayesian model provides a more defensible approach to quantifying uncertainty in microbiological assessments of water quality than the conventional MPN-based model, and that our proposed model represents a new strategy for developing robust relationships between environmental factors and FIB inactivation rates, and for reducing uncertainty in water resource management decisions. JF - Water Research AU - Gronewold, Andrew D AU - Myers, Luke AU - Swall, Jenise L AU - Noble, Rachel T AD - Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, NOAA, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA, drew.gronewold@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 652 EP - 664 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Contamination KW - Indicators KW - Water resources KW - Surface Water KW - Microbial contamination KW - Water quality KW - Water column KW - Public health KW - Calibrations KW - Escherichia coli KW - Rivers KW - environmental factors KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Model Studies KW - Most probable number KW - Water management KW - Resource development KW - inactivation KW - Risk assessment KW - water bodies KW - Water sampling KW - Water Analysis KW - Surface water KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Environmental factors KW - Models KW - Colonies KW - Assessments KW - Regression analysis KW - ANW, USA, North Carolina KW - Bacteria KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Mathematical models KW - ANW, USA, North Carolina, Neuse Estuary KW - Pathogens KW - Risk KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Enterococcus KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860380636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Addressing+uncertainty+in+fecal+indicator+bacteria+dark+inactivation+rates&rft.au=Gronewold%2C+Andrew+D%3BMyers%2C+Luke%3BSwall%2C+Jenise+L%3BNoble%2C+Rachel+T&rft.aulast=Gronewold&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=652&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.watres.2010.08.029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-06-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Water management; Estuaries; Water resources; Microbial contamination; Pathogens; Resource development; Environmental factors; Public health; Rivers; Mathematical models; Bayesian analysis; Surface water; Statistical analysis; Water quality; Water column; Models; Colonies; Most probable number; Colony-forming cells; Regression analysis; Risk assessment; inactivation; environmental factors; water quality; Fecal coliforms; Water sampling; water bodies; Risk; Bacteria; Calibrations; Assessments; Water Analysis; Indicators; Surface Water; Model Studies; Enterococcus; Escherichia coli; ANW, USA, North Carolina; ANW, USA, North Carolina, Neuse Estuary; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reconciling stock assessment and management scales under conditions of spatially varying catch histories AN - 860378954; 14360771 AB - Spatial homogeneity is the exception, not the rule, for many marine populations. Data limitations or biological knowledge gaps, though, often drive the assumption of limited stock structuring; the subsequent mismatch of model spatial scale and biological stock structure may compromise management goals. Spatial considerations thus remain a major challenge in providing managers with the best information for responsible and responsive management. This study uses simulation testing to offer a quantitative evaluation of spatial stock structure assumptions on the performance of stock assessments relative to management scales. Catch histories, not biological differences, are used to create stock structure. Simulation testing is based on an operating model of 'true' population states of nature that vary only in catch history across 9 regions. Stock assessments under various data scenarios are then performed on regions either as one aggregated assessment, or at finer area scales defined by zonal catch differences. The median absolute relative error of the terminal spawning biomass depletion is used as a performance statistic. One area stock assessments demonstrated low bias and high precision under all catch scenarios when stock structure is ignored, but perform poorly when applied to areas with differing regional catch histories. Separate area assessments grouped by zonal catch differences performed best under these circumstances, despite lower data quality, indicating the importance of identifying stock structure for management purposes. We suggest a focus on explicitly defining management units prior to conducting stock assessments with a concomitant resolve to increase data provisions at the resolution of management needs. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Cope, Jason M AU - Punt, Andre E AD - Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112-2097, United States, jason.cope@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 22 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Data processing KW - Fishery management KW - Stock assessment KW - Spawning KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860378954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Reconciling+stock+assessment+and+management+scales+under+conditions+of+spatially+varying+catch+histories&rft.au=Cope%2C+Jason+M%3BPunt%2C+Andre+E&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishery management; Stock assessment; Data processing; Spawning; Biomass; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.10.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between sea turtles and dredge gear in the U.S. sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery, 2001-2008 AN - 860378006; 14360783 AB - Since 2006, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has mandated gear modifications ("chain mats") and fishing effort reductions in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic sea scallop dredge fishery to alleviate or minimize interactions with sea turtles. Turtle interactions with gear can be defined as those that are "observable" based on standard fishery observer protocols, plus unobserved interactions, which include both quantifiable and unquantifiable interactions. Once a gear modification is in place, a turtle interaction that was once observable may become unobservable, because the gear modification successfully prevented the turtle from being captured. This paper describes turtle interactions in scallop dredge gear from 2001 to 2008, identifies gear and environmental correlates with observable interaction rates, and reports the average annual number of interactions and adult-equivalent interactions before and after chain mats were mandated in the fishery. Fisheries observer data were used to develop a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to estimate rates of observable interactions of hard-shelled turtles. These rates were applied to commercial dredge fishing effort to estimate the total number of observable interactions, and to infer the number of unobservable, yet quantifiable interactions after chain mats were implemented. Interaction rates of hard-shelled turtles were correlated with sea surface temperature, depth, and use of a chain mat. The average number of annual observable interactions of hard-shelled turtles in the Mid-Atlantic scallop dredge fishery prior to the implementation of chain mats (1 January 2001 through 25 September 2006) was estimated to be 288 turtles (CV=0.14, 95% CI: 209-363), which is equivalent to 49 adults. After implementation of chain mats, the average annual number of observable interactions was estimated to be 20 turtles (CV=0.48, 95% CI: 3-42), equivalent to 4 adults. If the rate of observable interactions from dredges without chain mats had been applied to trips with chain mats, the estimated number of observable and inferred interactions of hard-shelled species after chain mats were implemented would have been 125 turtles per year (CV=0.15, 95% CI: 88-163). Results from this analysis suggest that chain mats and fishing effort reductions contributed to the decline in estimated turtle interactions after 2006. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Murray, Kimberly T AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, Kimberly.Murray@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 137 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Scallop fisheries KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Fishing gear KW - Temperature KW - turtles KW - Models KW - Dredges KW - Commercial fishing KW - marine fisheries KW - Placopecten magellanicus KW - Fisheries KW - Depleted stocks KW - Fishing effort KW - fishing KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - Q4 27750:Environmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860378006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+sea+turtles+and+dredge+gear+in+the+U.S.+sea+scallop+%28Placopecten+magellanicus%29+fishery%2C+2001-2008&rft.au=Murray%2C+Kimberly+T&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Temperature effects; Commercial fishing; Scallop fisheries; Depleted stocks; Fishing gear; Aquatic reptiles; Fishing effort; Dredges; Data processing; Fisheries; Models; marine fisheries; Temperature; turtles; fishing; Placopecten magellanicus; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.10.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A practical guide to statistical methods for comparing means from two-stage sampling AN - 860377249; 14360788 AB - Two-staged sampling is the method of sampling populations that occur naturally in groups and is common in ecological field studies. This sampling method requires special statistical analyses that account for this sample structure. We present and compare several analytical methods for comparing means from two-stage sampling: (1) simple ANOVA ignoring sample structure, (2) unit means ANOVA, (3) Nested Mixed ANOVA, (4) restricted maximum likelihood (REML) Nested Mixed analysis, and (5) REML Nested Mixed analysis with heteroscedasticity. We consider a fisheries survey example where the independent sampling units are subsampled (i.e., hauls are the sampling unit and fish are subsampled from hauls). To evaluate the five analytical methods, we simulated 1000 samples of fish lengths subsampled from hauls in two regions with various levels of: (1) differences between the region means, (2) unbalance among numbers of hauls within regions and numbers of fish within hauls, and (3) heteroscedasticity. For each simulated sample, we tested for a difference in mean lengths between regions using each of the five methods. The inappropriate, simple ANOVA that ignored the sample structure resulted in grossly inflated Type I errors (rejecting a true null hypothesis of no difference in the means). We labeled this analysis the Pseudoreplication ANOVA based on the term "pseudoreplication" that describes the error of using a statistical analysis that assumes independence among observations when in fact the measurements are correlated. The result of this error is artificially inflated degrees of freedom, giving the illusion of having a more powerful test than the data support. The other four analyses performed well when the data were balanced and homoscedastic. When there were unequal numbers of fish per haul, the REML Nested Mixed analyses and the Unit Means ANOVA performed best. The Unequal-Variance REML Nested Mixed analysis showed clear benefit in the presence of heteroscedasticity and unbalance in hauls. For the REML Nested Mixed analysis, we compared three software packages, S-PLUS, SAS, and SYSTAT. A second simulation that compared samples with varying ratios of among-haul to among-fish variance components showed that the Pseudoreplication ANOVA was only appropriate when the haul effect yielded a p-value >0.50. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Picquelle, Susan J AU - Mier, Kathryn L AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA, Kathy.Mier@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Fishery surveys KW - Fisheries KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Sampling KW - Testing Procedures KW - Data processing KW - Errors KW - Methodology KW - Analytical Methods KW - Fish KW - Fish Populations KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860377249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.atitle=A+VAD-Based+Dealiasing+Method+for+Radar+Velocity+Data+Quality+Control&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qin%3BNai%2C+Kang%3BWei%2C+Li%3BZhang%2C+Pengfei%3BLiu%2C+Shun%3BParrish%2C+David&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Qin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.issn=07390572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JTECHA1444.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Fishery surveys; Sampling; Methodology; software; Statistics; Data processing; Statistical analysis; Testing Procedures; Analytical Methods; Fisheries; Statistical Analysis; Fish; Fish Populations; Errors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare detections of North Pacific right whales in the Gulf of Alaska, with observations of their potential prey AN - 858424437; 14409216 AB - The North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica was heavily exploited throughout the Gulf of Alaska by both historical whaling and 1960s illegal Soviet catches. It is now extremely rare in this region (2 sightings between 1966 and 2003 and passive acoustic detections on 6 days out of 80 months of recordings at 7 locations). From 2004 to 2006, 4 sightings of right whales occurred in the Barnabus Trough region on Albatross Bank, south of Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA. Sightings of right whales occurred at locations within the trough with the highest density of zooplankton, as measured by active acoustic backscatter. Net trawls through a high-density demersal layer (~150 to 175 m) revealed large numbers of euphausiids and oil-rich C5-stage copepods. Photo-identification and genotyping of 2 whales failed to reveal a match to Bering Sea right whales. Fecal hormone metabolite analysis from 1 whale estimated levels consistent with an immature male, indicating either recent reproduction in the Gulf of Alaska or movements between the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Large numbers of historic catches of right whales occurred in pelagic waters of the Gulf of Alaska, but there have been few recent detections in deep water. Given that there is no other location in the Gulf of Alaska where right whales have been repeatedly seen post-exploitation, the Barnabus Trough/Albatross Bank area represents important habitat for the relict population of North Pacific right whales in the Gulf of Alaska, and a portion of this area was designated as critical habitat under the US Endangered Species Act in 2006. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Wade, PR AU - De Robertis, A AU - Hough, K R AU - Booth, R AU - Kennedy, A AU - LeDuc, R G AU - Munger, L AU - Napp, J AU - Shelden, KEW AU - Rankin, S AU - Vasquez, O AU - Wilson, C AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, paul.wade@noaa.gov paul.wade@noaa.gov paul.wade@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 99 EP - 109 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Food organisms KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I. KW - exploitation KW - Metabolites KW - Hormones KW - Eubalaena japonica KW - whales KW - Deep water KW - Islands KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Fishery surveys KW - Copepoda KW - Prey KW - Whaling KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Plankton surveys KW - catches KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Marine birds KW - Backscatter KW - Acoustics KW - Genotyping KW - Stock assessment KW - Zooplankton KW - prey KW - Sonar detection KW - Habitat KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Marine mammals KW - Endangered species KW - Reproduction KW - Cetacea KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08372:Geographical distribution KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858424437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Rare+detections+of+North+Pacific+right+whales+in+the+Gulf+of+Alaska%2C+with+observations+of+their+potential+prey&rft.au=Wade%2C+PR%3BDe+Robertis%2C+A%3BHough%2C+K+R%3BBooth%2C+R%3BKennedy%2C+A%3BLeDuc%2C+R+G%3BMunger%2C+L%3BNapp%2C+J%3BShelden%2C+KEW%3BRankin%2C+S%3BVasquez%2C+O%3BWilson%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00324 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Plankton surveys; Food organisms; Marine birds; Backscatter; Zooplankton; Stock assessment; Sonar detection; Hormones; Deep water; Fishery surveys; Marine mammals; Whaling; Endangered Species; Islands; Acoustics; Genotyping; Endangered species; Metabolites; Reproduction; Habitat; Prey; Historical account; Fecal coliforms; catches; prey; exploitation; whales; Copepoda; Cetacea; Eubalaena japonica; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific; INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I.; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00324 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercomparison of Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD)-Retrieved Circulation Centers and Structures of Hurricane Danny (1997) from Two Coastal WSR-88Ds AN - 858423240; 14386485 AB - A plausible primary circulation and circulation center of a tropical cyclone (TC) can be deduced from a coastal Doppler radar using the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique and the GBVTD-simplex algorithm. The quality of the retrieved primary circulation is highly sensitive to the accuracy of the circulation center that can only be estimated from the degree of scattering of all possible centers obtained in GBVTD-simplex analyses from a single radar in real TCs. This study extends previous work to examine the uncertainties in the GBVTD-simplex-derived circulation centers and the GBVTD-derived primary circulations in Hurricane Danny (1997) sampled simultaneously from two Doppler radars [Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Dopplers (WSR-88Ds) in Mobile, Alabama, and Slidell, Louisiana] for 5 h. It is found that the mean difference between the individually computed GBVTD-simplex-derived centers is 2.13 km, similar to the estimates in previous studies. This value can be improved to 1.59 km by imposing time continuity in the radius of maximum wind, maximum mean tangential wind, and the center position in successive volumes. These additional physical criteria, not considered in previous work, stabilized the GBVTD-simplex algorithm and paved the way for automating the center finding and wind retrieval procedures in the future. Using the improved set of centers, Danny's axisymmetric tangential wind structures retrieved from each radar showed general agreement with systematic differences (up to 6 m s super(-1)) in certain periods. The consistency in the wavenumber-1 tangential winds was not as good as their axisymmetric counterparts. It is suspected that the systematic differences in the axisymmetric tangential winds were caused by the unresolved wavenumber-2 sine components rather than from the relatively small cross-beam mean wind components in Danny. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Murillo, Shirley T AU - Lee, Wen-Chau AU - Bell, Michael M AU - Barnes, Gary M AU - Marks, Frank D, Jr AU - Dodge, Peter P AD - NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 153 EP - 174 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 139 IS - 1 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Algorithms KW - Hurricanes KW - Radar observations KW - Data processing KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Mean winds KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Coastal circulation KW - Wind KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Radar wind measurements KW - Wind structure KW - Surveillance and enforcement KW - Velocity KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Systematics KW - Coastal zone KW - Doppler radar KW - Reviews KW - Radar KW - M2 551.515.2:Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons (551.515.2) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858423240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Intercomparison+of+Ground-Based+Velocity+Track+Display+%28GBVTD%29-Retrieved+Circulation+Centers+and+Structures+of+Hurricane+Danny+%281997%29+from+Two+Coastal+WSR-88Ds&rft.au=Murillo%2C+Shirley+T%3BLee%2C+Wen-Chau%3BBell%2C+Michael+M%3BBarnes%2C+Gary+M%3BMarks%2C+Frank+D%2C+Jr%3BDodge%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Murillo&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010MWR3036.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Coastal zone; Mathematical models; Radar; Surveillance and enforcement; Mean winds; Doppler radar; Radar wind measurements; Wind structure; Algorithms; Atmospheric circulation; Tropical cyclones; Coastal circulation; Weather; Reviews; Velocity; Systematics; Wind; ASW, USA, Louisiana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3036.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter Circulation Anomalies in the Western United States Associated with Antecedent and Decadal ENSO Variability AN - 856786236; 14308892 JF - Earth Interactions AU - Brown, David P AD - NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Fort Worth, Texas Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 1087-3562, 1087-3562 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - ENSO KW - PDO KW - Western United States KW - Variability KW - Climate change KW - Winter circulation anomalies KW - Winter KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event variability KW - El Nino events KW - El Nino KW - Ridging KW - I, Pacific KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Climatology KW - Coasts KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Marine KW - Climates KW - Precipitation KW - Pacific Decadal Oscillation KW - Southern Oscillation KW - IW, Pacific KW - USA KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event KW - High Pressure KW - Future climates KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Interactions&rft.atitle=Winter+Circulation+Anomalies+in+the+Western+United+States+Associated+with+Antecedent+and+Decadal+ENSO+Variability&rft.au=Brown%2C+David+P&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Interactions&rft.issn=1561073X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - El Nino; Climate change; Ocean-atmosphere system; Winter; El Nino phenomena; Southern Oscillation; El Nino events; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event variability; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event; Winter circulation anomalies; Climatology; Seasonal variability; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Future climates; Variability; Ridging; Climates; High Pressure; Precipitation; Coasts; USA; IW, Pacific; I, Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI334.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of resistance and reactance in fish with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis: sources of error AN - 856779038; 14385076 AB - New technologies can be riddled with unforeseen sources of error, jeopardizing the validity and application of their advancement. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a new technology in fisheries research that is capable of estimating proximate composition, condition, and energy content in fish quickly, cheaply, and (after calibration) without the need to sacrifice fish. Before BIA can be widely accepted in fisheries science, it is necessary to identify sources of error and determine a means to minimize potential errors with this analysis. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to identify sources of errors within BIA measurements. We concluded that electrode needle location, procedure deviations, user experience, time after death, and temperature can affect resistance and reactance measurements. Sensitivity analyses showed that errors in predictive estimates of composition can be large (>50%) when these errors are experienced. Adherence to a strict protocol can help avoid these sources of error and provide BIA estimates that are both accurate and precise in a field or laboratory setting. JF - Fishery Bulletin AU - Cox, M K AU - Heintz, R AU - Hartman, K AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 11305 Glacier Hwy Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA, Keith.Cox@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 34 EP - 47 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0656, 0090-0656 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Mortality KW - Impedance KW - Laboratory testing KW - Temperature KW - fishery sciences KW - Fishery biology KW - Potential resources KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Electrodes KW - Economics KW - Fish KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - O 5090:Instruments/Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856779038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fishery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Measurements+of+resistance+and+reactance+in+fish+with+the+use+of+bioelectrical+impedance+analysis%3A+sources+of+error&rft.au=Cox%2C+M+K%3BHeintz%2C+R%3BHartman%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fishery+Bulletin&rft.issn=00900656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Impedance; Potential resources; Fishery biology; Mortality; Laboratory testing; sensitivity analysis; Economics; Electrodes; Temperature; fishery sciences; Fish; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. International Transactions: Third Quarter of 2010 AN - 856400000; 2011-53804 AB - THE DEFICIT on the U.S. current-account-which measures transactions between the United States and the rest of the world in goods, services, income, and net unilateral current transfers-increased to $127.2 billion (preliminary) in the third quarter of 2010 from $123.2 billion (revised) in the second quarter (see pages 32-35). The deficit increased to 3.5 percent of current-dollar gross domestic product (GDP) from 3.4 percent, the fifth consecutive increase. The third-quarter rise in the current-account deficit resulted from a reduction in the surplus on income and an increase in the deficit on goods. A increase in net unilateral current transfers also contributed. This increase was partly offset by the surplus on services. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - [Unknown] Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 30 EP - 63 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - International relations - International relations KW - United States KW - Business conditions KW - Economic relations KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856400000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=U.S.+International+Transactions%3A+Third+Quarter+of+2010&rft.au=%5BUnknown%5D&rft.aulast=%5BUnknown%5D&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States; Business conditions; Economic relations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Annual Industry Accounts: Revised Statistics for 2007-2009 AN - 856398294; 2011-53803 AB - IN 2009, downturns in durable-goods manufacturing and professional, scientific, and technical services and the continued contraction of construction were among the leading contributors to the decline in U.S. economic growth, according to revised statistics on real gross domestic product (GDP) by industry from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The revised statistics, released on December 14, 2010, reflect the incorporation of newly available source data. The economic downturn was widespread, with 16 of the 22 major industry groups contributing to the decline in real GDP growth by industry. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Harris, Tameka R.L. AU - Jolliff, William A AU - Lyndaker, Amanda S AU - Schroeder, Matthew B Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 9 EP - 15 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industry and industrial policy KW - Education and education policy - Statistics, research, research methods, and research support KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Manufacturing and manufactured goods KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - United States KW - Statistics KW - Economic development KW - Manufacturing KW - Economic stabilization KW - Industry KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856398294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=Annual+Industry+Accounts%3A+Revised+Statistics+for+2007-2009&rft.au=Harris%2C+Tameka+R.L.%3BJolliff%2C+William+A%3BLyndaker%2C+Amanda+S%3BSchroeder%2C+Matthew+B&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Tameka&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Industry; Statistics; Manufacturing; Economic development; Economic stabilization; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of ASTM E 2187 for Measuring the Ignition Propensity of Conventional Cigarettes AN - 855719925; 14167894 AB - Current existing and proposed US flammability standards for soft furnishings such as mattresses and upholstered furniture specify a "standard" cigarette as the ignition source in smoldering resistance performance tests. With the increasing prevalence of reduced ignition propensity cigarettes in the marketplace, the conventional cigarette that has been most widely used in smolder resistance testing is no longer in production. To support manufacturers and testing organizations in product design and testing, and to assist regulators in the compliance evaluation process, a continuing supply of standard conventional cigarettes is required. A key first step in establishing such a supply is the development of a measurement method for quantifying the ignition propensity of a standard cigarette similar to the one currently used for testing soft furnishings. This article describes such a measurement method. It also reports performance data for the conventional test cigarette and other contemporary cigarettes. JF - Fire Technology AU - Gann, Richard G AU - Hnetkovsky, Edward J AD - Fire Research Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8664, USA, rggann@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Cigarettes KW - Compliance KW - Flammability KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855719925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Modification+of+ASTM+E+2187+for+Measuring+the+Ignition+Propensity+of+Conventional+Cigarettes&rft.au=Gann%2C+Richard+G%3BHnetkovsky%2C+Edward+J&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-009-0120-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Cigarettes; Compliance; Flammability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-009-0120-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enticing Arsonists with Broken Windows and Social Disorder AN - 855717656; 14167899 AB - In criminology, it is well understood that indicators of urban decay, such as abandoned buildings littered with broken windows, provide criminals with signals identifying neighborhoods with lower crime detection and apprehension rates than better maintained neighborhoods. Whether it is the resident population's sense of apathy, lack of civic pride, or fear of confrontation that causes criminals to perceive an easy mark, it nevertheless emboldens them to strike. Previous research of wildland arson hints that broken windows (e.g., areas of criminal activity) are partly responsible for arson outbreaks within the wildland-urban interface. We model the incidence of wildland and non-wildland arson ignitions in Michigan from 2001 to 2005 as a function of constructed Broken Windows indices. Our results suggest that crime prevention and urban revitalization programs may be as valuable as fire suppression, fuels management, and law enforcement in limiting incidence and the damage from both wildland and non-wildland arson. JF - Fire Technology AU - Thomas, Douglas S AU - Butry, David T AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P AD - Office of Applied Economics, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA, david.butry@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 255 EP - 273 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - crime KW - Fuels KW - prevention KW - law enforcement KW - outbreaks KW - Buildings KW - Urban areas KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855717656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Enticing+Arsonists+with+Broken+Windows+and+Social+Disorder&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Douglas+S%3BButry%2C+David+T%3BPrestemon%2C+Jeffrey+P&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-010-0145-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Fuels; crime; prevention; law enforcement; outbreaks; Buildings; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-010-0145-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires AN - 855717359; 14167901 AB - The NFPA 2001 standard on the use of clean agents for the suppression of fires arose from the phase-out of Halon 1301. Standard methods exists for specifying the amount of clean agent required for Class A and Class B fires, but the recommendation for Class C fires (those involving energized electrical equipment) defaults to the Class A values. While this may be appropriate for some Class C fires, there is concern that higher agent concentration may be necessary if energy is added to the fire by the electrical source. A number of test methods have been proposed to determine the amount of agent required to suppress fires in energized electrical equipment; however, there has been no broad agreement on a test method to include in NFPA 2001 for Class C fires. Further, some of the test methods suggest that the current recommended total flooding concentration is sufficient, while others suggest that higher concentrations may be necessary for some fires. This report reviews the role of energy augmentation in the suppression of fires over condensed phase materials. A test protocol is suggested which can quantify the effects of added energy on the suppression process. JF - Fire Technology AU - Linteris, Gregory T AD - Fire Research Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA, linteris@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 1 EP - 68 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Reviews KW - electrical equipment KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855717359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Clean+Agent+Suppression+of+Energized+Electrical+Equipment+Fires&rft.au=Linteris%2C+Gregory+T&rft.aulast=Linteris&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-009-0109-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Reviews; electrical equipment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-009-0109-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal properties of high-volume fly ash mortars and concretes AN - 855710325; 14170783 AB - As sustainability moves to the forefront of construction, the utilization of high-volume fly ash concrete mixtures to reduce CO2 emissions and cement consumption per unit volume of concrete placed is receiving renewed interest. Concrete mixtures in which the fly ash replaces 50% or more of the Portland cement are both economically and technically viable. This article focuses on a characterization of the thermal properties, namely, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, of such mixtures. Both the raw materials and the finished products (mortars and concretes) are evaluated using a transient plane source method. Because the specimens being examined are well hydrated, estimates of the specific heat capacity based on a law of mixtures, with a 'bound water' specific heat capacity value being employed for the water in the mixture, provide reasonable predictions of the measured performance. As with most materials, thermal conductivity is found to be a function of density, while also being dependent on whether the aggregate source is siliceous or limestone. The measured values should provide a useful database for evaluating the thermal performance of high-volume fly ash concrete structures. JF - Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science AU - Bentz, D P AU - Peltz, MA AU - Duran-Herrera, A AU - Valdez, P AU - Juarez, CA AD - Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8615, USA, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8615, USA. Academic Group on Concrete Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Academic Group on Concrete Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Academic Group on Concrete Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, dale.bentz@nist.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 263 EP - 275 PB - Sage Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 1097-1963, 1097-1963 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Limestone KW - Cement KW - thermal conductivity KW - specific heat KW - Emissions KW - Fly ash KW - raw materials KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Concrete KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855710325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.atitle=Thermal+properties+of+high-volume+fly+ash+mortars+and+concretes&rft.au=Bentz%2C+D+P%3BPeltz%2C+MA%3BDuran-Herrera%2C+A%3BValdez%2C+P%3BJuarez%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.issn=10971963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Limestone; Cement; thermal conductivity; specific heat; Emissions; raw materials; Fly ash; Carbon dioxide; Concrete; Sustainability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential Effects of Dams on Migratory Fish in the Mekong River: Lessons from Salmon in the Fraser and Columbia Rivers AN - 853486248; 14168038 AB - We compared the effects of water resource development on migratory fish in two North American rivers using a descriptive approach based on four high-level indicators: (1) trends in abundance of Pacific salmon, (2) reliance on artificial production to maintain fisheries, (3) proportion of adult salmon that are wild- versus hatchery-origin, and (4) number of salmon populations needing federal protection to avoid extinction. The two rivers had similar biological and physical features but radically different levels of water resource development: the Fraser River has few dams and all are located in tributaries, whereas the Columbia River has more than 130 large mainstem and tributary dams. Not surprisingly, we found substantial effects of development on salmon in the Columbia River. We related the results to potential effects on migratory fish in the Mekong River where nearly 200 mainstem and tributary dams are installed, under construction, or planned and could have profound effects on its 135 migratory fish species. Impacts will vary with dam location due to differential fish production within the basin, with overall effects likely being greatest from 11 proposed mainstem dams. Minimizing impacts will require decades to design specialized fish passage facilities, dam operations, and artificial production, and is complicated by the Mekong's high diversity and productivity. Prompt action is needed by governments and fisheries managers to plan Mekong water resource development wisely to prevent impacts to the world's most productive inland fisheries, and food security and employment opportunities for millions of people in the region. JF - Environmental Management AU - Ferguson, John W AU - Healey, Michael AU - Dugan, Patrick AU - Barlow, Chris AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA, john.w.ferguson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 141 EP - 159 PB - Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Ave. New York NY 10010 USA VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine fisheries KW - Anadromous species KW - Abundance KW - Basins KW - Water resources KW - food security KW - Freshwater KW - Canada, British Columbia, Fraser R. KW - Water Resources Development KW - Fishery management KW - Water resources development KW - Salmonidae KW - Tributaries KW - Dam Effects KW - Salmon KW - Rivers KW - North America KW - Extinction KW - Recruitment KW - Migratory Fish KW - salmon KW - Fish KW - Resource development KW - Asia, Mekong R. KW - inland fisheries KW - abundance KW - Food KW - Fish Passages KW - INE, USA, Columbia Estuary KW - Dams KW - Fisheries KW - IN, Pacific KW - Marine KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853486248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+the+mosquito+control+insecticide+phenothrin+to+three+life+stages+of+the+grass+shrimp+%28Palaemonetes+pugio%29&rft.au=Key%2C+Peter+B%3BChung%2C+Katy+W%3BHoguet%2C+Jennifer%3BSapozhnikova%2C+Yelena%3BDelorenzo%2C+Marie+E&rft.aulast=Key&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F03601234.2011.572519 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Marine fisheries; Fishery management; Dams; Migratory Fish; Anadromous species; Water resources; Resource development; Tributaries; Extinction; Food; Abundance; Fisheries; Recruitment; Basins; Water resources development; salmon; food security; Fish; inland fisheries; abundance; Salmon; Fish Passages; Water Resources Development; Dam Effects; Salmonidae; North America; INE, USA, Columbia Estuary; IN, Pacific; Canada, British Columbia, Fraser R.; Asia, Mekong R.; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9563-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The boreal spring variability of the Intra-Americas low-level jet and its relation with precipitation and tornadoes in the eastern United States AN - 853483845; 14168019 AB - The Intra-Americas Sea (IAS) low-level jet has been studied mainly for the summer and winter seasons. In contrast, spring conditions have been studied less. Here we analyze the boreal spring variability of the IAS low-level jet (IA-LLJ) and its relation with precipitation and tornadic activity in the region of the lower Mississippi, Tennessee and Ohio River basins (MORB). The main mode of variability of the spring IA-LLJ is obtained from a combined principal component analysis of zonal and meridional winds at 925-hPa. The first empirical orthogonal function of the IA-LLJ is a strengthening of the climatological flow with stronger easterlies in the Caribbean and stronger southeasterlies in the Gulf of Mexico. This first mode of variability of the IA-LLJ is related mainly to the Pacific North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern as the PNA modulates the pressure in the southeast region of the U.S. Consequently, there is an increase in precipitation over the MORB region as the moisture fluxes associated with the IA-LLJ increase. Tornadic activity in nine states spanning the MORB region is also significantly related to the IA-LLJ and the PNA index for March, in addition to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the Nino indexes. Among the environmental factors that influence tornadic activity are southwesterly wind shear, dry transients at the mid-troposphere, moist transients at low levels, and an increase in convective available potential energy (CAPE). The decadal shifts in MORB precipitation and tornado activity appear to be related to the decadal shift of the IA-LLJ. JF - Climate Dynamics AU - Munoz, Ernesto AU - Enfield, David AD - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA, ernesto.munoz@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 247 EP - 259 PB - Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3 Berlin 14197 Germany VL - 36 IS - 1-2 SN - 0930-7575, 0930-7575 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Variability KW - River Basins KW - Tornadoes KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - USA, Kentucky, Ohio R. basin KW - Empirical orthogonal functions KW - Freshwater KW - Gulfs KW - Environmental factors KW - Potential energy KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Low-level jet stream KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Wind variability KW - Wind KW - Teleconnections KW - Marine KW - Wind shear KW - Climates KW - River basins KW - Precipitation KW - Pacific Decadal Oscillation KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Tennessee KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853483845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Dynamics&rft.atitle=The+boreal+spring+variability+of+the+Intra-Americas+low-level+jet+and+its+relation+with+precipitation+and+tornadoes+in+the+eastern+United+States&rft.au=Munoz%2C+Ernesto%3BEnfield%2C+David&rft.aulast=Munoz&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climate+Dynamics&rft.issn=09307575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00382-009-0688-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind shear; Tornadoes; Ocean-atmosphere system; River basins; Environmental factors; Teleconnections; Potential energy; Low-level jet stream; Empirical orthogonal functions; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Wind variability; River Basins; Variability; Principal Component Analysis; Climates; Gulfs; Wind; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA, Tennessee; ASW, Caribbean Sea; ASW, USA, Mississippi; USA, Kentucky, Ohio R. basin; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0688-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dependence of daily peak O sub(3) concentrations near Houston, Texas on environmental factors: Wind speed, temperature, and boundary-layer depth AN - 851468801; 14043133 AB - Airborne and surface measurements of ozone (O sub(3)) during the Texas Air Quality Study campaigns in 2000 and 2006 (TexAQS 2000 and TexAQS 2006) were used to investigate the relationship between maximum daily O sub(3) and the vector-averaged wind speed , calculated from radar wind profiler data, in the lower atmospheric boundary layer (BL). Both the maximum daily O sub(3) and the peak "add-on" O sub(3) contribution (calculated as the maximum minus the background values) from the Houston area showed a strong correlation (r~0.7-0.9) with both the reciprocal of this wind speed super(-1), and the wind speed itself. Data from airborne platforms produced higher correlations in general than surface-measured values. Except for special cases where O sub(3) was measured close to source activity in a location where the BL depth h was suppressed, peak daily ozone concentrations were not strongly correlated with h, and attempts to include 1/h dependence with super(-1) degraded the correlations--indicating that in general, h was not a strong predictor for maximum daily O sub(3). Inclusion of daily maximum temperature in the regression analysis also failed to improve the correlations significantly. The high correlations for wind speed thus showed that was the meteorological variable most strongly associated with peak daily O sub(3) concentrations. The best-fit regression line of peak daily O sub(3) vs. for the 2000 data lay above the line for 2006 for wind speeds less than 5 m s super(-1), the difference increasing as the wind speeds weakened. This six-year decrease in O sub(3) concentrations for the weakest-wind, most polluted days suggests that control strategies implemented between 2000 and 2006 may be producing beneficial effects, especially on the most polluted days. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Banta, Robert M AU - Senff, Christoph J AU - Alvarez, Raul J AU - Langford, Andrew O AU - Parrish, David D AU - Trainer, Michael K AU - Darby, Lisa S AU - Hardesty, Michael, R AU - Lambeth, Bryan AU - Andrew Neuman, J AU - Angevine, Wayne M AU - Nielsen-Gammon, John AU - Sandberg, Scott P AU - White, Allen B AD - Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA, robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 162 EP - 173 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Regression Analysis KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Boundary Layers KW - Correlations KW - Air quality KW - Wind speed KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - Ozone concentration KW - Meteorology KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Wind KW - Ozone KW - environmental factors KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Temperature KW - Velocity KW - profilers KW - Radar KW - USA, Texas KW - Radar wind profiler KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851468801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+daily+peak+O+sub%283%29+concentrations+near+Houston%2C+Texas+on+environmental+factors%3A+Wind+speed%2C+temperature%2C+and+boundary-layer+depth&rft.au=Banta%2C+Robert+M%3BSenff%2C+Christoph+J%3BAlvarez%2C+Raul+J%3BLangford%2C+Andrew+O%3BParrish%2C+David+D%3BTrainer%2C+Michael+K%3BDarby%2C+Lisa+S%3BHardesty%2C+Michael%2C+R%3BLambeth%2C+Bryan%3BAndrew+Neuman%2C+J%3BAngevine%2C+Wayne+M%3BNielsen-Gammon%2C+John%3BSandberg%2C+Scott+P%3BWhite%2C+Allen+B&rft.aulast=Banta&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2010.09.030 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Ozone in troposphere; Atmospheric pollution; Correlations; Ozone concentration; Air quality; Atmospheric boundary layer; Radar wind profiler; Ozone; environmental factors; Pollution monitoring; profilers; Radar; Temperature; Velocity; Meteorology; Regression Analysis; Boundary Layers; Wind; USA, Texas; USA, Texas, Houston DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of environmentally-relevant levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate on clinical parameters and immunological functions in B6C3F1 mice. AN - 850564098; 21261439 AB - In the first part of a series of studies to account for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-induced sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody suppression in mice, a survey of clinical and immunotoxicological endpoints was examined. Adult female B₆C₃F₁ mice were exposed orally for 28 days to a total administered dose (TAD) of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg PFOS/kg. Uterus wet weight was significantly decreased compared with control at the 5 mg/kg dose. No indications of wasting syndrome, malnutrition, alteration of thyroid homeostasis, or signs of overt toxicity were observed. Numbers of splenic CD19+/CD21⁻, CD19+/CD21+, B220+/CD40+, CD4+/CD154⁻, CD4+/CD154+, and MHC-II+ cells were not altered. Additionally, ex vivo interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-6 production by in vitro anti-CD3- or phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated CD4+ T-cells was not affected. Ex vivo IL-6 production by B-cells was significantly increased by in vitro stimulation with either anti-CD40 or lipopolysaccharide. Increased IL-6 production by B-cells was the most sensitive endpoint assessed resulting in alterations at the lowest dose tested (0.1 mg/kg TAD) following anti-CD40 stimulation. Further studies are required to characterize effects on inflammatory markers such as IL-6 at environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOS and to determine the key events associated with PFOS-induced IgM suppression to address potential human health risks. JF - Journal of immunotoxicology AU - Fair, Patricia A AU - Driscoll, Erin AU - Mollenhauer, Meagan A M AU - Bradshaw, Sarah G AU - Yun, Se Hun AU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam AU - Bossart, Gregory D AU - Keil, Deborah E AU - Peden-Adams, Margie M AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA. PY - 2011 SP - 17 EP - 29 VL - 8 IS - 1 KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Fluorocarbons KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - perfluorooctane sulfonic acid KW - 9H2MAI21CL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Thyroid Hormones -- blood KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD -- immunology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Fluorocarbons -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids -- toxicity KW - Immunoglobulin M -- immunology KW - Fluorocarbons -- toxicity KW - B-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - B-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Immunoglobulin M -- blood KW - Fluorocarbons -- blood KW - Interleukin-6 -- immunology KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids -- blood KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/850564098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunotoxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+environmentally-relevant+levels+of+perfluorooctane+sulfonate+on+clinical+parameters+and+immunological+functions+in+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Fair%2C+Patricia+A%3BDriscoll%2C+Erin%3BMollenhauer%2C+Meagan+A+M%3BBradshaw%2C+Sarah+G%3BYun%2C+Se+Hun%3BKannan%2C+Kurunthachalam%3BBossart%2C+Gregory+D%3BKeil%2C+Deborah+E%3BPeden-Adams%2C+Margie+M&rft.aulast=Fair&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunotoxicology&rft.issn=1547-6901&rft_id=info:doi/10.3109%2F1547691X.2010.527868 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2011-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicology. 2008 Jan 20;243(3):330-9 [18063289] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Mar;102(1):3-14 [18003598] J Immunotoxicol. 2008 Jan;5(1):23-31 [18382855] Toxicol Sci. 2008 May;103(1):77-85 [18252804] Environ Health Perspect. 2008 May;116(5):644-50 [18470313] Immunobiology. 2008;213(5):409-15 [18472049] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Jul;104(1):144-54 [18359764] Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Jul 1;42(13):4989-95 [18678038] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Sep;105(1):86-96 [18559402] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Oct;105(2):312-21 [18583369] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2008;71(23):1516-25 [18923994] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2009;39(1):76-94 [18802816] Toxicol Sci. 2009 Mar;108(1):110-23 [19141786] Toxicol Sci. 2009 Apr;108(2):367-76 [19196829] Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Jun;27(3-4):307-18 [19071210] Toxicol Sci. 2009 May;109(1):106-12 [19240040] Toxicology. 2009 Jun 16;260(1-3):68-76 [19464571] Arch Toxicol. 2009 Jul;83(7):679-89 [19015834] Int Immunopharmacol. 2002 Feb;2(2-3):389-97 [11811941] Arch Toxicol. 2002 Jan;75(11-12):635-42 [11876496] J Immunol. 2002 Mar 15;168(6):2795-802 [11884448] Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Apr 1;36(7):146A-152A [11999053] Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 May 15;63(10):1893-900 [12034374] Blood. 2002 Jul 1;100(1):217-23 [12070030] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jul;68(1):249-64 [12075127] Toxicology. 2002 Jul 15;176(3):175-85 [12093614] J Immunol. 2002 Dec 15;169(12):6806-12 [12471112] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2002;32(6):445-520 [12487363] Toxicology. 2003 Feb 1;183(1-3):117-31 [12504346] J Immunol. 2003 Mar 15;170(6):3099-108 [12626566] J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Mar;45(3):260-70 [12661183] Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2003 Jun-Aug;14(3-4):297-309 [12787567] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):382-92 [12773772] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):369-81 [12773773] Immunology. 2003 Sep;110(1):131-40 [12941150] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Sep;111(12):1485-9 [12948888] J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):5707-17 [14634078] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Dec;111(16):1892-901 [14644663] Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2003 Dec;68(6):465-71 [14745980] Chemosphere. 2005 Mar;58(11):1471-96 [15694468] Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May;113(5):539-45 [15866760] Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Sep 1;39(17):6591-8 [16190216] Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Dec 1;39(23):9101-8 [16382930] Toxicol Lett. 2006 Jun 20;164(1):81-9 [16384669] Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):476-89 [16731579] Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Aug 15;40(16):4943-8 [16955890] Environ Res. 2007 Feb;103(2):176-84 [16893538] Toxicology. 2009 Aug 21;262(3):207-14 [19540903] Arch Toxicol. 2009 Sep;83(9):805-15 [19343326] Environ Toxicol. 2009 Dec;24(6):580-8 [19051282] J Toxicol Sci. 2009 Dec;34(6):687-91 [19952504] J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 5;274(45):32048-54 [10542237] Eur J Immunol. 1999 Dec;29(12):3855-66 [10601993] J Neuroimmunol. 2000 Oct 2;110(1-2):161-7 [11024546] Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Nov;122(2):219-26 [11091278] Z Rheumatol. 2000;59 Suppl 2:II/62-4 [11155806] Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Jan;58(1):4-43 [11229815] J Immunol. 2004 May 1;172(9):5790-8 [15100326] J Biomed Sci. 2004 Jul-Aug;11(4):426-38 [15153777] Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jul;80(1):151-60 [15071170] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2004 Jul-Aug;34(4):351-84 [15328768] Immunology. 2004 Oct;113(2):187-93 [15379979] Am J Vet Res. 1981 Nov;42(11):2016-21 [7337299] Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1983 May;103(1):76-80 [6602445] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Dec;4(6):972-6 [6519377] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1988 Jan;10(1):2-19 [3280374] Ann Hematol. 1991 Jun;62(6):203-10 [1854882] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Feb;18(2):200-10 [1534777] Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1992;14(4):925-38 [1294628] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Jul;21(1):71-82 [8365588] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;135(2):287-98 [8545839] J Immunol. 1996 Aug 15;157(4):1440-7 [8759724] Immunity. 1997 Feb;6(2):107-18 [9047233] Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:111-35 [9597126] Int Immunol. 1999 Jan;11(1):71-9 [10050675] Toxicology. 1999 Mar 1;133(1):59-72 [10413194] J Immunol. 1999 Aug 1;163(3):1123-7 [10415005] Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Apr 1;35(7):1339-42 [11348064] Int J Toxicol. 2001 Mar-Apr;20(2):101-9 [11354466] Immunity. 2001 Jul;15(1):23-34 [11485735] Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Aug 1;35(15):3065-70 [11505980] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109(8):785-94 [11564613] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109(8):821-6 [11564618] Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Oct 15;62(8):1133-40 [11597582] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jan;110(1):85-93 [11781169] Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Apr 1;41(7):2237-42 [17438769] Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007 May;212(1):63-70 [17464105] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Jul;70(13):1130-41 [17558808] Toxicol Sci. 2007 Aug;98(2):589-98 [17504768] Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Sep;115(9):1298-305 [17805419] Toxicol Sci. 2007 Oct;99(2):366-94 [17519394] Toxicol Sci. 2007 Dec;100(2):328-32 [17878151] Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Nov;115(11):1596-602 [18007991] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1547691X.2010.527868 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The tissue residue approach for toxicity assessment: findings and critical reviews from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pellston Workshop. AN - 821199396; 21184566 AB - Over the past few years, the "critical body residue" approach for assessing toxicity based on bioaccumulated chemicals has evolved into a more expansive consideration of tissue residues as the dose metric when defining dose-response relationships, evaluating mixtures, developing protective guidelines, and conducting risk assessments. Hence, scientists refer to "tissue residue approach for toxicity assessment" or "tissue residue-effects approach" (TRA) when addressing ecotoxicology issues pertaining to tissue (or internal) concentrations. This introduction provides an overview of a SETAC Pellston Workshop held in 2007 to review the state of the science for using tissue residues as the dose metric in environmental toxicology. The key findings of the workshop are presented, along with recommendations for research to enhance understanding of toxic responses within and between species, and to advance the use of the TRA in assessment and management of chemicals in the environment. Copyright © 2010 SETAC. JF - Integrated environmental assessment and management AU - Meador, James P AU - Adams, William J AU - Escher, Beate I AU - McCarty, Lynn S AU - McElroy, Anne E AU - Sappington, Keith G AD - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA. james.meador@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 2 EP - 6 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ecotoxicology -- trends KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/821199396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrated+environmental+assessment+and+management&rft.atitle=The+tissue+residue+approach+for+toxicity+assessment%3A+findings+and+critical+reviews+from+a+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+Pellston+Workshop.&rft.au=Meador%2C+James+P%3BAdams%2C+William+J%3BEscher%2C+Beate+I%3BMcCarty%2C+Lynn+S%3BMcElroy%2C+Anne+E%3BSappington%2C+Keith+G&rft.aulast=Meador&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Integrated+environmental+assessment+and+management&rft.issn=1551-3793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JB007738 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2010-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2011 Apr;7(2):310 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.133 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of geoid models over Alaska computed with different Stokes' kernel modifications AN - 1832668156; 777959-5 AB - Various Stokes kernel modification methods have been developed over the years. The goal of this paper is to test the most commonly used Stokes kernel modifications numerically by using Alaska as a test area and EGM08 as a reference model. The tests show that some methods are more sensitive than others to the integration cap sizes. For instance, using the methods of Vanicek and Kleusberg or Featherstone et al. with kernel modification at degree 60, the geoid decreases by 30 cm (on average) when the cap size increases from 1 degrees to 25 degrees . The corresponding changes in the methods of Wong and Gore and Heck and Grueninger are only at the 1 cm level. At high modification degrees, above 360, the methods of Vanicek and Kleusberg and Featherstone et al become unstable because of numerical problems in the modification coefficients; similar conclusions have been reported by Featherstone (2003). In contrast, the methods of Wong and Gore, Heck and Grueninger and the least-squares spectral combination are stable at any modification degree, though they do not provide as good fit as the best case of the Molodenskii-type methods at the GPS/Leveling benchmarks. However, certain tests for choosing the cap size and modification degree have to be performed in advance to avoid abrupt mean geoid changes if the latter methods are applied. JF - Journal of Geodetic Science AU - Li, X AU - Wang, Y Y1 - 2011/01/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 01 SP - 136 EP - 142 PB - De Gruyter Open, Warsaw VL - 1 IS - 2 KW - United States KW - Global Positioning System KW - Earth KW - numerical models KW - statistical analysis KW - standard deviation KW - leveling KW - geodesy KW - gravity anomalies KW - stochastic processes KW - Navier-Stokes equations KW - Alaska KW - geoid KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832668156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+geoid+models+over+Alaska+computed+with+different+Stokes%27+kernel+modifications&rft.au=Li%2C+X%3BWang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.issn=2081-9943&rft_id=info:doi/10.2478%2Fv10156-010-0016-1 L2 - http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jogs LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin, Germany N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; Earth; geodesy; geoid; Global Positioning System; gravity anomalies; leveling; Navier-Stokes equations; numerical models; standard deviation; statistical analysis; stochastic processes; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-010-0016-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precise computation of the direct and indirect topographic effects of Helmert's 2 (super nd) method of condensation using SRTM30 digital elevation model AN - 1832658702; 777961-2 AB - The direct topographic effect (DTE) and indirect topographic effect (ITE) of Helmert's 2 (super nd) method of condensation are computed using the digital elevation model (DEM) SRTM30 in 30 arc-seconds globally. The computations assume a constant density of the topographic masses. Closed formulas are used in the inner zone of half degree, and Nagy's formulas are used in the innermost column to treat the singularity of integrals. To speed up the computations, 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform (1D FFT) is applied in outer zone computations. The computation accuracy is limited to 0.1 mGal and 0.1cm for the direct and indirect effect, respectively. The mean value and standard deviation of the DTE are -0.8 and + or -7.6 mGal over land areas. The extreme value -274.3 mGal is located at latitude -13.579 degrees and longitude 289.496 degrees , at the height of 1426 meter in the Andes Mountains. The ITE is negative everywhere and has its minimum of -235.9 cm at the peak of Himalayas (8685 meter). The standard deviation and mean value over land areas are + or -15.6 cm and -6.4 cm, respectively. Because the Stokes kernel does not contain the zero and first degree spherical harmonics, the mean value of the ITE can't be compensated through the remove-restore procedure under the Stokes-Helmert scheme, and careful treatment of the mean value in the ITE is required. JF - Journal of Geodetic Science AU - Wang, Y Y1 - 2011/01/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 01 SP - 305 EP - 312 PB - De Gruyter Open, Warsaw VL - 1 IS - 4 KW - Andes KW - Earth KW - data processing KW - mathematical models KW - geodesy KW - digital terrain models KW - spherical harmonic analysis KW - fast Fourier transforms KW - South America KW - topography KW - Fourier analysis KW - Himalayas KW - Asia KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832658702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.atitle=Precise+computation+of+the+direct+and+indirect+topographic+effects+of+Helmert%27s+2+%28super+nd%29+method+of+condensation+using+SRTM30+digital+elevation+model&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.issn=2081-9943&rft_id=info:doi/10.2478%2Fv10156-011-0009-8 L2 - http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jogs LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin, Germany N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Andes; Asia; data processing; digital terrain models; Earth; fast Fourier transforms; Fourier analysis; geodesy; Himalayas; mathematical models; South America; spherical harmonic analysis; topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0009-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for hydrothermal activity in the Woodlark Basin, an arc-influenced oceanic spreading center AN - 1832631654; 690864-63 JF - Abstract Volume (Geological Association of Canada) AU - Leybourne, M I AU - de Ronde, C E J AU - Baker, E T AU - Massoth, G J AU - Lupton, J AU - Ishibashi, J I AU - Walker, S AU - Areulus, R AU - McInnes, B I A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 120 PB - Geological Association of Canada, Waterloo, ON VL - 34 SN - 1716-6098, 1716-6098 KW - plumes KW - Woodlark Basin KW - Southwest Pacific KW - hydrothermal vents KW - solutes KW - segmentation KW - subduction KW - South Pacific KW - West Pacific KW - hydrothermal conditions KW - San Cristobal Trench KW - plate tectonics KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - submarine environment KW - sea-floor spreading KW - ocean floors KW - spreading centers KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832631654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstract+Volume+%28Geological+Association+of+Canada%29&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+hydrothermal+activity+in+the+Woodlark+Basin%2C+an+arc-influenced+oceanic+spreading+center&rft.au=Leybourne%2C+M+I%3Bde+Ronde%2C+C+E+J%3BBaker%2C+E+T%3BMassoth%2C+G+J%3BLupton%2C+J%3BIshibashi%2C+J+I%3BWalker%2C+S%3BAreulus%2C+R%3BMcInnes%2C+B+I+A&rft.aulast=Leybourne&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstract+Volume+%28Geological+Association+of+Canada%29&rft.issn=17166098&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.gac.ca/activities/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - PubXState - ON N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrothermal conditions; hydrothermal vents; marine environment; ocean floors; Pacific Ocean; plate tectonics; plumes; San Cristobal Trench; sea-floor spreading; segmentation; solutes; South Pacific; Southwest Pacific; spreading centers; subduction; submarine environment; West Pacific; Woodlark Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First principles phase diagram calculations for oxides and nitrides AN - 1832628998; 768760-103 JF - Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft AU - Adjaoud, O AU - Steinle-Neumann, G AU - Burton, B P AU - van de Walle, A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 72 PB - E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart VL - 2011 SN - 0935-123X, 0935-123X KW - cluster expansion KW - phase equilibria KW - phase diagrams KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - oxides KW - mathematical models KW - free energy KW - alloys KW - nitrides KW - thermodynamic properties KW - 01A:General mineralogy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832628998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berichte+der+Deutschen+Mineralogischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=First+principles+phase+diagram+calculations+for+oxides+and+nitrides&rft.au=Adjaoud%2C+O%3BSteinle-Neumann%2C+G%3BBurton%2C+B+P%3Bvan+de+Walle%2C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Adjaoud&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Berichte+der+Deutschen+Mineralogischen+Gesellschaft&rft.issn=0935123X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Joint meeting; 19. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Kristallographie; 89. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft; Jahrestagung der Oesterreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft (MinPet 2011) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alloys; cluster expansion; free energy; mathematical models; Monte Carlo analysis; nitrides; oxides; phase diagrams; phase equilibria; statistical analysis; thermodynamic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - External Tests of Scope and Embedding in Stated Preference Choice Experiments: An Application to Endangered Species Valuation AN - 1777126156; 14244332 AB - A criticism often levied against stated preference (SP) valuation results is that they sometimes do not display sensitivity to differences in the magnitude or scope of the good being valued. In this study, we test the sensitivity of preferences for several proposed expanded protection programs that would protect up to three US Endangered Species Act-listed species: the Puget Sound Chinook salmon, the smalltooth sawfish, and the Hawaiian monk seal. An external scope test is employed via a split-sample SP choice experiment survey to evaluate whether there is a significant difference in willingness to pay (WTP) for protecting more species and/or achieving greater improvements in the status of the species. The majority of 46 scope tests indicate sensitivity to scope, and the pattern of scope test failures is consistent with diminishing marginal utility with respect to the amount of protection to each species. Further tests suggest WTP may be proportional to the number of species valued. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Lew, Daniel K AU - Wallmo, Kristy AD - Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Materials Business File (MB); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Salmon KW - Economics KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Sound KW - Failure KW - Endangered species KW - Seals KW - Utilities KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777126156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=External+Tests+of+Scope+and+Embedding+in+Stated+Preference+Choice+Experiments%3A+An+Application+to+Endangered+Species+Valuation&rft.au=Lew%2C+Daniel+K%3BWallmo%2C+Kristy&rft.aulast=Lew&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10640-010-9394-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9394-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel applications of carbon isotopes in atmospheric CO (sub 2) ; what can atmospheric measurements teach us about processes in the biosphere? AN - 1739084649; 2015-115889 AB - Conventionally, measurements of carbon isotopes in atmospheric CO (sub 2) (delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) ) have been used to partition fluxes between terrestrial and ocean carbon pools. However, novel analytical approaches combined with an increase in the spatial extent and frequency of delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) measurements allow us to conduct a global analysis of delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) variability to infer the isotopic composition of source CO (sub 2) to the atmosphere (delta (sub s) ). This global analysis yields coherent seasonal patterns of isotopic enrichment. Our results indicate that seasonal values of delta (sub s) are more highly correlated with vapor pressure deficit (r=0.404) than relative humidity (r=0.149). We then evaluate two widely used stomatal conductance models and determine that the Leuning Model, which is primarily driven by vapor pressure deficit is more effective globally at predicting delta (sub s) (RMSE=1.6 per mil) than the Ball-Woodrow-Berry model, which is driven by relative humidity (RMSE=2.7 per mil). Thus stomatal conductance on a global scale may be more sensitive to changes in vapor pressure deficit than relative humidity. This approach highlights a new application of using delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) measurements to validate global models. JF - Biogeosciences AU - Ballantyne, Ashley P AU - Miller, J B AU - Baker, I T AU - Tans, P P AU - White, J W C Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 3093 EP - 3106 PB - Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Union, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1726-4170, 1726-4170 KW - United States KW - terrestrial environment KW - isotopes KW - water vapor KW - Leuning model KW - ecosystems KW - troposphere KW - vegetation KW - nonpoint sources KW - stable isotopes KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ball-Woodrow-Berry model KW - stomata KW - transport KW - carbon KW - Niwot Ridge Colorado KW - pressure KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - statistical analysis KW - biomes KW - atmosphere KW - Weld County Colorado KW - boundary conditions KW - geochemical cycle KW - correlation coefficient KW - humidity KW - atmospheric transport KW - biosphere KW - C-13 KW - seasonal variations KW - carbon cycle KW - Colorado KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1739084649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=Novel+applications+of+carbon+isotopes+in+atmospheric+CO+%28sub+2%29+%3B+what+can+atmospheric+measurements+teach+us+about+processes+in+the+biosphere%3F&rft.au=Ballantyne%2C+Ashley+P%3BMiller%2C+J+B%3BBaker%2C+I+T%3BTans%2C+P+P%3BWhite%2C+J+W+C&rft.aulast=Ballantyne&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeosciences&rft.issn=17264170&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.biogeosciences.net/8/3093/2011/bg-8-3093-2011.pdf http://www.biogeosciences.net LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes supplement, http://www.biogeosciences.net/8/3093/2011/bg-8-3093-2011-supplement.pdf; part of special issue no. 87, Stable isotopes and biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, edited by Bahn, M., Buchmann, N., and Knohl, A., http://www.biogeosciences.net/special_issue87.html; published in Biogeosciences Discussion: 12 May 2011, http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/8/4603/2011/bgd-8-4603-2011.html; accessed in Oct., 2012 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; atmospheric transport; Ball-Woodrow-Berry model; biomes; biosphere; boundary conditions; C-13; C-13/C-12; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; Colorado; correlation coefficient; ecosystems; geochemical cycle; humidity; isotope ratios; isotopes; land use; Leuning model; Niwot Ridge Colorado; nonpoint sources; pressure; seasonal variations; stable isotopes; statistical analysis; stomata; terrestrial environment; transport; troposphere; United States; vegetation; water vapor; Weld County Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nested-grid Boussinesq-type approach to modelling dispersive propagation and runup of landslide-generated tsunamis AN - 1700096934; 2015-071923 AB - A tsunami generated by large-volume landslide can propagate across the ocean and flood communities around the basin. The evolution of landslide-generated tsunamis is affected by the effects of frequency dispersion and involves processes of different temporal and spacial scales. In this paper, we develop a numerical approach employing the weakly nonlinear and fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type theories and nested computational grids. The propagation in a large domain is simulated with the weakly nonlinear model in a geographical reference frame. The nearshore wave evolution and runup are computed with the fully nonlinear model. Nested grids are employed to zoom simulations from larger to smaller domains at successively increasing resolutions. The models and the nesting scheme are validated for theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments and a historical tsunami event. By applying this approach, we also investigate the potential tsunami impact on the US east coast due to the possible landslide on La Palma Island. The scenario employed in this study represents an event of extremely low probability. JF - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS) AU - Zhou, H AU - Moore, C W AU - Wei, Y AU - Titov, V V Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 2677 EP - 2697 PB - Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geophysical Society, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 11 IS - 10 SN - 1561-8633, 1561-8633 KW - tsunamis KW - failures KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - time series analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - friction KW - simulation KW - wavelength KW - models KW - slumping KW - landslides KW - debris KW - Boussinesq equation KW - ocean waves KW - mass movements KW - La Palma KW - natural hazards KW - propagation KW - ocean floors KW - energy KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1700096934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards+and+Earth+System+Sciences+%28NHESS%29&rft.atitle=A+nested-grid+Boussinesq-type+approach+to+modelling+dispersive+propagation+and+runup+of+landslide-generated+tsunamis&rft.au=Zhou%2C+H%3BMoore%2C+C+W%3BWei%2C+Y%3BTitov%2C+V+V&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Hazards+and+Earth+System+Sciences+%28NHESS%29&rft.issn=15618633&rft_id=info:doi/10.5194%2Fnhess-11-2677-2011 L2 - http://www.natural-hazards-and-earth-system-sciences.net/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 77 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; Boussinesq equation; debris; energy; failures; friction; geologic hazards; La Palma; landslides; mass movements; models; natural hazards; numerical models; ocean floors; ocean waves; propagation; simulation; slumping; statistical analysis; time series analysis; tsunamis; wavelength DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2677-2011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea-ice monitoring over the Caspian Sea using geostationary satellite data AN - 1689590717; 2015-053113 JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Temimi, Marouane AU - Romanov, Peter AU - Ghedira, Hosni AU - Khanbilvardi, Reza AU - Smith, Kim Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1575 EP - 1593 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - imagery KW - sea water KW - monitoring KW - sea ice KW - statistical analysis KW - mapping KW - satellite methods KW - correlation coefficient KW - Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System KW - ice KW - Caspian Sea KW - neural networks KW - algorithms KW - remote sensing KW - MODIS KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1689590717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Sea-ice+monitoring+over+the+Caspian+Sea+using+geostationary+satellite+data&rft.au=Temimi%2C+Marouane%3BRomanov%2C+Peter%3BGhedira%2C+Hosni%3BKhanbilvardi%2C+Reza%3BSmith%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Temimi&rft.aufirst=Marouane&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431160903578820 L2 - http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01431161.asp LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; Caspian Sea; correlation coefficient; ice; imagery; Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System; mapping; MODIS; monitoring; neural networks; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea ice; sea water; statistical analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160903578820 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic ice sheet divide AN - 1676578631; 2015-036852 AB - We sampled interstitial air from the perennial snowpack (firn) at a site near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS-D) and analyzed the air samples for a wide variety of gas species and their isotopes. We find limited convective influence (1.4-5.2 m, depending on detection method) in the shallow firn, gravitational enrichment of heavy species throughout the diffusive column in general agreement with theoretical expectations, a approximately 10 m thick lock-in zone beginning at approximately 67 m, and a total firn thickness consistent with predictions of Kaspers et al. (2004). Our modeling work shows that the air has an age spread (spectral width) of 4.8 yr for CO (sub 2) at the firn-ice transition. We also find that advection of firn air due to the 22 cm yr (super -1) ice-equivalent accumulation rate has a minor impact on firn air composition, causing changes that are comparable to other modeling uncertainties and intrinsic sample variability. Furthermore, estimates of Delta age (the gas age/ice age difference) at WAIS-D appear to be largely unaffected by bubble closure above the lock-in zone. Within the lock-in zone, small gas species and their isotopes show evidence of size-dependent fractionation due to permeation through the ice lattice with a size threshold of 0.36 nm, as at other sites. We also see an unequivocal and unprecedented signal of oxygen isotope fractionation within the lock-in zone, which we interpret as the mass-dependent expression of a size-dependent fractionation process. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Battle, M O AU - Severinghaus, J P AU - Sofen, Eric D AU - Plotkin, D AU - Orsi, A J AU - Aydin, M AU - Montzka, S A AU - Sowers, T AU - Tans, P P Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 11007 EP - 11021 PB - Copernicus, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 11 IS - 21 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - isotope fractionation KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - stable isotopes KW - temperature KW - nitrogen KW - carbon dioxide KW - modern KW - transport KW - noble gases KW - neon KW - ice KW - movement KW - age KW - West Antarctic ice sheet KW - composition KW - absolute age KW - velocity KW - thickness KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Ar/Ar KW - concentration KW - ice cores KW - methane KW - firn KW - nitrous oxide KW - bubbles KW - N-15 KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - depth KW - South Pole KW - size KW - gases KW - Antarctic ice sheet KW - organic compounds KW - Antarctica KW - atmospheric transport KW - O-18 KW - hydrocarbons KW - atmospheric pressure KW - Siple Dome KW - air KW - permeability KW - Marie Byrd Land KW - chemical fractionation KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1676578631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Summer+blooms+of+diatom-diazotroph+assemblages+and+surface+chlorophyll+in+the+North+Pacific+gyre%3B+a+disconnect&rft.au=Villareal%2C+Tracy+A%3BAdornato%2C+Lori%3BWilson%2C+Cara%3BSchoenbaechler%2C+Caimee+A&rft.aulast=Villareal&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006268 L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/11007/2011/acp-11-11007-2011.pdf http://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; age; air; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Antarctic ice sheet; Antarctica; Ar/Ar; atmospheric pressure; atmospheric transport; bubbles; carbon dioxide; chemical fractionation; composition; concentration; depth; firn; gases; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons; ice; ice cores; isotope fractionation; isotopes; Marie Byrd Land; methane; modern; movement; N-15; neon; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; noble gases; O-18; organic compounds; oxygen; permeability; porosity; Siple Dome; size; South Pole; stable isotopes; temperature; thickness; transport; velocity; West Antarctic ice sheet ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tributyltin and the obesogen metabolic syndrome in a salmonid AN - 1671535460; 14361555 AB - We conducted a dietary feeding study with juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to assess the potential for tributyltin (TBT) to elicit the obesogen response that has been described for mammals. The results show increases in whole-body lipid content, which is consistent with the obesogen response; however, we also observed associated parameters that were dissimilar. We found increases in body mass and alterations to several physiological parameters at doses between 0.4 and 3.5ng/g fish/day (1.4-12pmol/g fish/day) and reduced body mass at the highest dose after 55 days of exposure. Lipid related plasma parameters (plasma triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and lipase) exhibited monotonic increases over all doses while other values (glucose and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)) exhibited increases only for the low-dose treatments. The increases noted for several parameters in fish were opposite to those reported for the obesogen metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a reduction in serum glucose, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. This is the first report of growth stimulation resulting from low-dose exposure to this pesticide, which is an unusual response for any animal exposed to an organic or organometallic xenobiotic. Because a number of environmental contaminants act as metabolic disruptors at very low doses, these results are noteworthy for a variety of species. Intuitively, enhanced growth and lipid storage may appear beneficial; however, for salmonids there are numerous potentially negative consequences for populations. a-[ordm The obesogen metabolic syndrome was studied in juvenile salmon exposed to tributyltin. a-[ordm TBT enhanced lipid content, body mass and altered plasma lipids, enzymes, and IGF. a-[ordm Growth was inhibited at high doses resulting in a hormetic dose-response pattern. a-[ordm Many of the obesogen results are opposite to those shown for mammals. a-[ordm Toxicant enhanced growth may not be advantageous for juvenile fish. JF - Environmental Research AU - Meador, James P AU - Sommers, Frank C AU - Cooper, Kathleen A AU - Yanagida, Gladys AD - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 50 EP - 56 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Metabolic disruptor KW - Obesogen KW - Tributyltin KW - Plasma chemistry KW - Hormesis KW - Fish growth KW - Lipids KW - Salmon KW - Mammals KW - Exposure KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Fish KW - Salmonids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671535460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Tributyltin+and+the+obesogen+metabolic+syndrome+in+a+salmonid&rft.au=Meador%2C+James+P%3BSommers%2C+Frank+C%3BCooper%2C+Kathleen+A%3BYanagida%2C+Gladys&rft.aulast=Meador&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2010.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I AN - 1641012956; 2015-000431 AB - This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional comparisons to Angstroem exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr (super -1) and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr (super -1) . JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Huneeus, Nicolas AU - Schulz, Michael AU - Balkanski, Y AU - Griesfeller, J AU - Prospero, J AU - Kinne, S AU - Bauer, S AU - Boucher, O AU - Chin, Mian AU - Dentener, Frank AU - Diehl, T AU - Easter, R AU - Fillmore, D AU - Ghan, S AU - Ginoux, P AU - Grini, A AU - Horowitz, Larry AU - Koch, Dorothy AU - Krol, M C AU - Landing, W AU - Liu, Xiaohong AU - Mahowald, N AU - Miller, R AU - Morcrette, J J AU - Myhre, G AU - Penner, J AU - Perlwitz, J AU - Stier, P AU - Takemura, Toshihiko AU - Zender, C S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 7781 EP - 7816 PB - Copernicus, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 11 IS - 15 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Southern Ocean KW - iron KW - carbon dioxide KW - spatial distribution KW - transport KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - porphyrins KW - concentration KW - numerical models KW - clastic sediments KW - pigments KW - biochemistry KW - global KW - chlorophyll KW - nutrients KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - deposition KW - atmospheric transport KW - metals KW - dust KW - solar radiation KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - wind transport KW - optical depth KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1641012956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Global+dust+model+intercomparison+in+AeroCom+phase+I&rft.au=Huneeus%2C+Nicolas%3BSchulz%2C+Michael%3BBalkanski%2C+Y%3BGriesfeller%2C+J%3BProspero%2C+J%3BKinne%2C+S%3BBauer%2C+S%3BBoucher%2C+O%3BChin%2C+Mian%3BDentener%2C+Frank%3BDiehl%2C+T%3BEaster%2C+R%3BFillmore%2C+D%3BGhan%2C+S%3BGinoux%2C+P%3BGrini%2C+A%3BHorowitz%2C+Larry%3BKoch%2C+Dorothy%3BKrol%2C+M+C%3BLanding%2C+W%3BLiu%2C+Xiaohong%3BMahowald%2C+N%3BMiller%2C+R%3BMorcrette%2C+J+J%3BMyhre%2C+G%3BPenner%2C+J%3BPerlwitz%2C+J%3BStier%2C+P%3BTakemura%2C+Toshihiko%3BZender%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Huneeus&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=7781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/7781/2011/acp-11-7781-2011.pdf http://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 99 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes supplement, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/7781/2011/acp-11-7781-2011-supplement. pdf; published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion: 12 October 2010, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/23781/2010/acpd-10-23781-2010. html; accessed in Dec. 2012 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Atlantic Ocean; atmospheric transport; biochemistry; carbon dioxide; chlorophyll; clastic sediments; climate effects; concentration; deposition; dust; global; iron; metals; models; numerical models; nutrients; optical depth; organic compounds; pigments; porphyrins; seasonal variations; sediments; solar radiation; Southern Ocean; spatial distribution; transport; wind transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ensuring accurate, consistent measurements with GPS/GNSS AN - 1618132596; 2014-084742 JF - Scientific Investigations Report AU - Fromhertz, Pamela Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 31 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 2328-031X, 2328-031X KW - Global Positioning System KW - technology KW - laser methods KW - spatial data KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - measurement KW - geographic information systems KW - lidar methods KW - Galileo GNSS KW - information systems KW - applications KW - USGS KW - accuracy KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1618132596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Investigations+Report&rft.atitle=Ensuring+accurate%2C+consistent+measurements+with+GPS%2FGNSS&rft.au=Fromhertz%2C+Pamela&rft.aulast=Fromhertz&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+Investigations+Report&rft.issn=2328031X&rft_id=info:doi/10.3133%2Fsir20115053 L2 - http://www.usgs.pubs LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U. S. Geological Survey eighth biennial geographic information science workshop and first The National Map users conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-10-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; applications; data processing; Galileo GNSS; geographic information systems; Global Positioning System; information systems; laser methods; lidar methods; mapping; measurement; spatial data; technology; USGS DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20115053 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the Geographic Names Information System for interagency consistency; how the U.S. Census Bureau has integrated the USGS Federal Identification Codes into its database AN - 1618132235; 2014-084844 JF - Scientific Investigations Report AU - Fournier, Michael R Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 86 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 2328-031X, 2328-031X KW - nomenclature KW - survey organizations KW - U. S. Geological Survey KW - Geographic Names Information System KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - U. S. Census Bureau KW - standardization KW - mapping KW - information management KW - data management KW - geography KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - USGS KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1618132235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Investigations+Report&rft.atitle=Using+the+Geographic+Names+Information+System+for+interagency+consistency%3B+how+the+U.S.+Census+Bureau+has+integrated+the+USGS+Federal+Identification+Codes+into+its+database&rft.au=Fournier%2C+Michael+R&rft.aulast=Fournier&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+Investigations+Report&rft.issn=2328031X&rft_id=info:doi/10.3133%2Fsir20115053 L2 - http://www.usgs.pubs LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U. S. Geological Survey eighth biennial geographic information science workshop and first The National Map users conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-10-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data management; data processing; Geographic Names Information System; geography; government agencies; information management; information systems; mapping; nomenclature; standardization; survey organizations; U. S. Census Bureau; U. S. Geological Survey; USGS DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20115053 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Geological Survey partnership for the decade AN - 1618131615; 2014-084817 JF - Scientific Investigations Report AU - Johnson, Andrea AU - Vraga, Dick Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 72 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 2328-031X, 2328-031X KW - United States KW - survey organizations KW - interagency cooperation KW - geography KW - National Map KW - spatial data KW - U. S. Geological Survey KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Census Bureau KW - mapping KW - USGS KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1618131615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Investigations+Report&rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+and+U.S.+Geological+Survey+partnership+for+the+decade&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Andrea%3BVraga%2C+Dick&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+Investigations+Report&rft.issn=2328031X&rft_id=info:doi/10.3133%2Fsir20115053 L2 - http://www.usgs.pubs LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - U. S. Geological Survey eighth biennial geographic information science workshop and first The National Map users conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geography; government agencies; interagency cooperation; mapping; National Map; spatial data; survey organizations; U. S. Census Bureau; U. S. Geological Survey; United States; USGS DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20115053 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Financial flows to developing and advanced countries: determinants and implications AN - 1531923296; 2011-613136 AB - Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to establish a model to study the determinants of financial flows, portfolio and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, and the impact of these determinants on economic variables in samples of developing and advanced countries. The analysis then turns to an evaluation of the effects of external flows on economic activity. Design/methodology/approach -- To that end, the paper follows a two-step procedure. First, the paper estimates a series of reduced-form equations in differenced form, using annual data, for the current and the financial account balances as well as important underlying components, using a number of macroeconomic indicators reflecting the state of the business cycle as explanatory variables. These include not only a measure of economic growth, but also other factors that vary cyclically, such as the exchange rate and energy prices. In addition, the paper examines the effect of positive and negative shocks to these and other cyclical variables on components of the balance of payments. Second, the results are summarized in three directions. First, cross-country correlations evaluate time-series co-movements between the current account balance and external flows with respect to major determinants of cyclicality across the samples of advanced and developing countries. Second, time-series regressions evaluate the direct effects of financial flows on the current account balance within the samples of developing and advanced countries. Third, cross-country regressions evaluate the impact of movements in trend and variability of financial flows on major economic indicators across the samples of developing and advanced countries. Findings -- The results are summarized in three directions. Across the samples of advanced and developing countries, the pervasive evidence highlights the negative correlation between the responses of the current account balance and the financial balance with respect to the various sources of cyclicality in the time-series model. Second, using time-series regressions the bulk of the evidence indicates that an increase in financial flows helps finance a widening current account deficit. Third, cross-country regressions evaluate the impact of movements in trend and variability of financial flows on major economic indicators across the samples of developing and advanced countries. While FDI flows appear significant in differentiating growth performance within and across developing countries, their effects appear to be limited on growth performance in advanced countries. Portfolio flows are more relevant, compared to FDI flows, to financing a wider current account deficit, both in developing and advanced countries. Originality/value -- Overall, the evidence presented in this paper establishes the importance of financial flows to external balances and macroeconomic performance within and across the samples of developing and advanced countries. In light of this evidence, macroeconomic policies should target a combination of external balances that can be easily financed by external inflows and align domestic policies to achieve the desired cyclicality in external balances, available financing, and macroeconomic performance. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Development Issues AU - Kandil, Magda AD - International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, USA Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, Cairo, Egypt Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 60 EP - 91 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., Bingley, UK VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1446-8956, 1446-8956 KW - Banking and public and private finance - Investments and securities KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic research KW - Banking and public and private finance - International banking and finance and financial institutions KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Balance of payments International investments Developing countries Industrial countries Macroeconomics KW - Economic indicators KW - Finance KW - Prices KW - Foreign exchange rates KW - Foreign investments KW - Economic policy KW - Economic development KW - Balance of payments KW - Macroeconomics KW - Business cycles KW - Developing countries KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1531923296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Development+Issues&rft.atitle=Financial+flows+to+developing+and+advanced+countries%3A+determinants+and+implications&rft.au=Kandil%2C+Magda&rft.aulast=Kandil&rft.aufirst=Magda&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Development+Issues&rft.issn=14468956&rft_id=info:doi/10.1108%2F14468951111123337 L2 - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1446-8956 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foreign investments; Developing countries; Macroeconomics; Economic indicators; Foreign exchange rates; Business cycles; Balance of payments; Finance; Prices; Economic development; Economic policy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14468951111123337 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combustion aerosol over marine stratus; long range transport, subsidence and aerosol-cloud interactions over the Southeast Pacific AN - 1447102630; 2013-082602 AB - The worlds largest stratus deck over the South East Pacific (SEP) was a study target for the VOCALS (http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/vocals/) experiment in October 2008. Aerosol-cloud interactions were one major goal of several ship and aircraft studies including results from 14 flights of the NCAR C-130 aircraft reported here. Each flight covered about a 1000 km range with multiple profiles and legs below, in and above the Sc deck. Strong aerosol sources along the coast of Chile were expected and found to influence cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in coastal clouds. However; "rivers" of elevated CO, black carbon (BC) associated with combustion aerosol effective as CCN at <0.3%S were also common in subsiding FT air overlying the extensive Sc deck for over 1000 km offshore. This subsidence, linked to the Hadley circulation, brought in aerosol from sources over the western Pacific as well as South America. Observed entrainment of this aerosol was linked to cloud related turbulence. When present, this combustion aerosol increased available CCN and decreased effective radius compared to clouds in "clean" MBL air advected from the South Pacific. We hypothesize that this entrainment can help buffer MBL clouds over the SEP against depletion of CCN by drizzle. This may delay transition of closed cell to open cell convection, potentially leading to increased lifetimes of Sc clouds that entrain such aerosol. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Clarke, A AU - Freitag, S AU - Snider, J AU - Kazil, J AU - Feingold, G AU - Campos, T AU - Brekhovskikh, V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 679 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - East Pacific KW - clouds KW - sea water KW - sea surface water KW - South Pacific KW - turbulence KW - Southeast Pacific KW - carbon dioxide KW - transport KW - atmospheric transport KW - Pacific Ocean KW - aerosols KW - chemical composition KW - meteorology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1447102630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Combustion+aerosol+over+marine+stratus%3B+long+range+transport%2C+subsidence+and+aerosol-cloud+interactions+over+the+Southeast+Pacific&rft.au=Clarke%2C+A%3BFreitag%2C+S%3BSnider%2C+J%3BKazil%2C+J%3BFeingold%2C+G%3BCampos%2C+T%3BBrekhovskikh%2C+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/609.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-31 N1 - CODEN - MNLMBB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmospheric transport; carbon dioxide; chemical composition; clouds; East Pacific; meteorology; Pacific Ocean; sea surface water; sea water; South Pacific; Southeast Pacific; transport; turbulence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multi-decadal change of atmospheric aerosols and their effect on surface radiation AN - 1447101092; 2013-082575 AB - We present an investigation on multi-decadal changes of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on surface radiation using a global chemistry transport model along with the near-term to long-term data records. We focus on a 28-year time period of satellite era from 1980 to 2007, during which a suite of aerosol data from satellite observations, ground-based measurements, and intensive field experiments have become available. We analyze the long-term global and regional aerosol trends and their relationship to the changes of aerosol and precursor emissions and assess the role aerosols play in the multi-decadal change of solar radiation reaching the surface (known as "dimming" or "brightening") at different regions of the world, including the major anthropogenic source regions (North America, Europe, Asia) that have been experiencing considerable changes of emissions, dust and biomass burning regions that have large interannual variabilities, downwind regions that are directly affected by the changes in the source area, and remote regions that are considered to representing "background" conditions. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Chin, Mian AU - Diehl, Thomas AU - Streets, David AU - Wild, Martin AU - Qian, Yun AU - Yu, Hongbin AU - Tan, Qian AU - Bian, Huisheng AU - Wang, Weiguo AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 666 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - decadal variations KW - clastic sediments KW - atmosphere KW - climate change KW - models KW - fires KW - dust KW - sediments KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1447101092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Multi-decadal+change+of+atmospheric+aerosols+and+their+effect+on+surface+radiation&rft.au=Chin%2C+Mian%3BDiehl%2C+Thomas%3BStreets%2C+David%3BWild%2C+Martin%3BQian%2C+Yun%3BYu%2C+Hongbin%3BTan%2C+Qian%3BBian%2C+Huisheng%3BWang%2C+Weiguo%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=Mian&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/609.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-31 N1 - CODEN - MNLMBB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmosphere; chemical composition; clastic sediments; climate change; decadal variations; dust; fires; geochemistry; models; seasonal variations; sediments ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Seismic and ground deformation patterns at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos, Ecuador AN - 1438970276; 2013-074324 JF - AGU Chapman conference on the Galapagos as a laboratory for the earth sciences AU - Ruiz Paspuel, Andres G AU - Ruiz, Mario AU - Geist, Dennis AU - Chadwick, William AU - Richards, Mark A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC KW - Global Positioning System KW - shallow-focus earthquakes KW - magmatism KW - Cerro Azul KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - deformation KW - Sierra Negra KW - calderas KW - volcanic features KW - Canal Bolivar KW - Galapagos Islands KW - seismicity KW - volcanism KW - magmas KW - volcanoes KW - volcanic earthquakes KW - earthquakes KW - magma chambers KW - faults KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1438970276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ruiz+Paspuel%2C+Andres+G%3BRuiz%2C+Mario%3BGeist%2C+Dennis%3BChadwick%2C+William%3BRichards%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Ruiz+Paspuel&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Seismic+and+ground+deformation+patterns+at+Sierra+Negra+Volcano%2C+Galapagos%2C+Ecuador&rft.title=Seismic+and+ground+deformation+patterns+at+Sierra+Negra+Volcano%2C+Galapagos%2C+Ecuador&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on the Galapagos as a laboratory for the earth sciences N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mantle diapir or mantle wedge plume of NW Rota-1 Volcano, Mariana Arc AN - 1434006265; 2013-071386 JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Tamura, Y AU - Ishizuka, O AU - Stern, R J AU - Shukuno, H AU - Kawabata, H AU - Embley, Robert W AU - Hirahara, Y AU - Chang, Q AU - Kimura, J I AU - Tatsumi, Y AU - Nunokawa, A AU - Bloomer, S H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1984 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - silicates KW - diapirs KW - Mariana Islands KW - volcanic rocks KW - igneous rocks KW - magmatism KW - mantle KW - olivine group KW - nesosilicates KW - olivine basalt KW - mineral composition KW - lava KW - olivine KW - basalts KW - orthosilicates KW - Oceania KW - volcanoes KW - Micronesia KW - mantle wedges KW - phenocrysts KW - mantle plumes KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1434006265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Mantle+diapir+or+mantle+wedge+plume+of+NW+Rota-1+Volcano%2C+Mariana+Arc&rft.au=Tamura%2C+Y%3BIshizuka%2C+O%3BStern%2C+R+J%3BShukuno%2C+H%3BKawabata%2C+H%3BEmbley%2C+Robert+W%3BHirahara%2C+Y%3BChang%2C+Q%3BKimura%2C+J+I%3BTatsumi%2C+Y%3BNunokawa%2C+A%3BBloomer%2C+S+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Tamura&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1984&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1979.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-20 N1 - CODEN - MNLMBB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basalts; diapirs; igneous rocks; lava; magmatism; mantle; mantle plumes; mantle wedges; Mariana Islands; Micronesia; mineral composition; nesosilicates; Oceania; olivine; olivine basalt; olivine group; orthosilicates; phenocrysts; silicates; volcanic rocks; volcanoes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinguishing arc, backarc, and hotspot affinities using helium isotope and C/ (super 3) He ratios AN - 1434005975; 2013-071369 AB - The northern Lau Basin is host to a complicated pattern of volcanic activity, including the volcanoes of the Tofua Arc and several back-arc spreading centers. Farther west along the NW Lau Spreading Center, elevated (super 3) He/ (super 4) He ratios in the seafloor lavas suggest that an OIB or mantle plume signature, possibly from Samoa, has influenced this extensional zone. Helium isotope and C/ (super 3) He ratios have proved useful for differentiating between arc vs. back-arc influences. True back-arc systems are similar to mid-ocean ridge (MOR) systems with (super 3) He/ (super 4) He of approximately 8 Ra (R= (super 3) He/ (super 4) He and Ra=Rair) and C/ (super 3) He of approximately 10 (super 9) . In contrast, arc volcanoes typically have lower (super 3) He/ (super 4) He ratios and higher C/ (super 3) He ratios (>10 (super 10) ), presumably due to downgoing slab components. For example, the recently erupting West Mata submarine volcano in the NE Lau Basin has 7.3 Ra and C/ (super 3) He of approximately 10 (super 10) , indicating strong arc affinities. In contrast, lavas and hydrothermal fluids from the NELSC have 8.0-8.6 Ra and C/ (super 3) He of 1-3X10 (super 9) , typical MOR or back-arc signatures. Other volcanic centers in the region show varying degrees of arc or downgoing slab influence based on their (super 3) He/ (super 4) He-C/ (super 3) He fingerprint. A broader view of the entire northern Lau Basin indicates that elevated (super 3) He/ (super 4) He ratios indicative of an OIB signature are confined to the Northwest Lau Spreading Center, and that the NE Lau Basin is characterized by both arc and back-arc signatures. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Lupton, J AU - Resing, J AU - Lilley, M AU - Butterfield, D AU - Keller, N AU - Arculus, R AU - Baker, E AU - Embley, Robert W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1370 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - oceanic crust KW - hot spots KW - volcanic rocks KW - isotopes KW - Lau Basin KW - igneous rocks KW - oceanic lithosphere KW - mantle KW - He-3 KW - Tonga KW - stable isotopes KW - Southeast Pacific KW - noble gases KW - basalts KW - sea-floor spreading KW - helium KW - spreading centers KW - East Pacific KW - lithosphere KW - South Pacific KW - Tofua KW - plate tectonics KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Oceania KW - Polynesia KW - ocean-island basalts KW - crust KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1434005975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Distinguishing+arc%2C+backarc%2C+and+hotspot+affinities+using+helium+isotope+and+C%2F+%28super+3%29+He+ratios&rft.au=Lupton%2C+J%3BResing%2C+J%3BLilley%2C+M%3BButterfield%2C+D%3BKeller%2C+N%3BArculus%2C+R%3BBaker%2C+E%3BEmbley%2C+Robert+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lupton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1261.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-20 N1 - CODEN - MNLMBB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basalts; crust; East Pacific; He-3; helium; hot spots; igneous rocks; isotopes; Lau Basin; lithosphere; mantle; noble gases; ocean-island basalts; Oceania; oceanic crust; oceanic lithosphere; Pacific Ocean; plate tectonics; Polynesia; sea-floor spreading; South Pacific; Southeast Pacific; spreading centers; stable isotopes; Tofua; Tonga; volcanic rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model-data study of the 1999 St. Lawrence Island polynya in the Bering Sea AN - 1429840075; 2013-068503 AB - A Coupled Ice Ocean Model (CIOM) and in situ measurements were used to investigate sea ice and the St. Lawrence Island polynya (SLIP) in the Bering Sea in 1999. The modeled 1999 seasonal cycle of ice cover compared well with satellite measurements. The simulated maximum sea ice coverage was approximately 0.8 X 10 (super 6) km (super 2) , and the simulated maximum sea ice volume was approximately 344 km (super 3) . The polynya south of St. Lawrence Island was captured by the CIOM and investigated in depth against the measurements. It was found that an offshore wind was necessary, but not sufficient on its own, for the development of the SLIP. It was found that a strong offshore wind, offshore surface water velocity, and the angle (<60 degrees ) between wind and water current are the three major factors for the development of the SLIP. Multiple-variable, linear regression models were developed to confirm these three mechanisms. Yearly potential sea ice production in the SLIP area was estimated to be about 95.7 km (super 3) , which accounts for 2.8% of the total potential production of 3393 km (super 3) in the whole Bering Sea. Sea ice contributes to approximately 63% of winter salinity changes in the Bering Shelf (<200 m), while the SLIP can contribute more than twice the local salinity changes. The relationships among wind, sea ice, and surface ocean current were examined. The classic Ekman drift theory (that surface water velocity drifts 45 degrees to the right of the wind direction) is modified to be 50.4 degrees on the ice-covered Bering Shelf due to the year-round existence of a background northward ocean transport. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Hu, Haoguo AU - Wang, Jia AU - Wang, Daoru Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C12018 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - numerical models KW - ice cover thickness KW - sea ice KW - Bering Sea KW - ice cover KW - polynyas KW - salinity KW - Saint Lawrence Island KW - temperature KW - models KW - North Pacific KW - ice KW - Pacific Ocean KW - seasonal variations KW - ice cover distribution KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429840075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+model-data+study+of+the+1999+St.+Lawrence+Island+polynya+in+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Hu%2C+Haoguo%3BWang%2C+Jia%3BWang%2C+Daoru&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Haoguo&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007309 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bering Sea; ice; ice cover; ice cover distribution; ice cover thickness; models; North Pacific; numerical models; Pacific Ocean; polynyas; Saint Lawrence Island; salinity; sea ice; seasonal variations; temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007309 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On ocean and sea ice modes of variability in the Bering Sea AN - 1429839883; 2013-068519 AB - Results from a 35 year hindcast of northeast Pacific Ocean conditions are confronted with observational data collected over the Bering Sea shelf within the integration time period. Rotary power spectra of the hindcast currents near NOAA mooring site M2 site fall within the 95% confidence bounds for the observational spectra, except for a high bias in the counter-clockwise rotating component at 10 m depth in the high frequencies (periods <24 h). The model exhibits the most skill in reproducing anomalies of the integrated annual sea ice concentration and monthly subsurface (60 m depth) temperature fields, accounting for 85% and 50% of their observed variability. Analysis of the integrated ice concentration time series reveals evolution in the mean duration of ice-free waters (40 year trend of +6.8 days/decade) and changes in this parameter's variance with time. Correlation and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses reveal the primary temporal-spatial patterns of variability in the temperature and salinity fields over the Bering Sea and northern Gulf of Alaska for near-surface (0-20 m) and subsurface (40-100 m) depth layers. Correlation analysis between the EOF principal components and various climate index and observed time series shows that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and the Bering Sea annually integrated ice area anomalies are important indices of thermohaline variability; the spatial structures of these modes give insight to their potential impacts upon the ecosystem. We identify a number of ecologically and economically important species whose temporal variability is significantly correlated with the identified spatial patterns. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Danielson, Seth AU - Curchitser, Enrique AU - Hedstrom, Kate AU - Weingartner, Thomas AU - Stabeno, Phyllis Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C12034 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - monthly variations KW - sea ice KW - Bering Sea KW - ice cover KW - salinity KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - thermohaline circulation KW - North Pacific KW - ice KW - Pacific Ocean KW - ice cover distribution KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429839883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+model-data+study+of+the+1999+St.+Lawrence+Island+polynya+in+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Hu%2C+Haoguo%3BWang%2C+Jia%3BWang%2C+Daoru&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Haoguo&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007309 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bering Sea; currents; ice; ice cover; ice cover distribution; monthly variations; North Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Pacific Ocean; salinity; sea ice; temperature; thermohaline circulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007389 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of the North Atlantic ocean circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow in a high resolution global coupled climate model AN - 1429839766; 2013-068509 AB - The sensitivity of the North Atlantic Ocean Circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow is investigated for the first time using a high resolution eddy-permitting global coupled ocean-atmosphere model (GFDL CM2.5). The Nordic Sea overflow is perturbed through the change of the bathymetry in GFDL CM2.5. We analyze the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) adjustment process and the downstream oceanic response to the perturbation. The results suggest that north of 34 degrees N, AMOC changes induced by changes in the Nordic Sea overflow propagate on the slow tracer advection timescale, instead of the fast Kelvin wave timescale, resulting in a time lead of several years between subpolar and subtropical AMOC changes. The results also show that a stronger and deeper-penetrating Nordic Sea overflow leads to stronger and deeper AMOC, stronger northward ocean heat transport, reduced Labrador Sea deep convection, stronger cyclonic Northern Recirculation Gyre (NRG), westward shift of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and southward shift of the Gulf Stream, warmer sea surface temperature (SST) east of Newfoundland and colder SST south of the Grand Banks, stronger and deeper NAC and Gulf Stream, and stronger oceanic eddy activities along the NAC and the Gulf Stream paths. A stronger/weaker Nordic Sea overflow also leads to a contracted/expanded subpolar gyre (SPG). This sensitivity study points to the important role of the Nordic Sea overflow in the large scale North Atlantic ocean circulation, and it is crucial for climate models to have a correct representation of the Nordic Sea overflow. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Zhang, Rong AU - Delworth, Thomas L AU - Rosati, Anthony AU - Anderson, Whit G AU - Dixon, Keith W AU - Lee, Hyun-Chul AU - Zeng, Fanrong Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C12024 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - Norwegian Sea KW - salinity KW - ocean currents KW - climate change KW - thermohaline circulation KW - hydrographs KW - eddies KW - climate effects KW - Arctic Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429839766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+the+North+Atlantic+ocean+circulation+to+an+abrupt+change+in+the+Nordic+Sea+overflow+in+a+high+resolution+global+coupled+climate+model&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Rong%3BDelworth%2C+Thomas+L%3BRosati%2C+Anthony%3BAnderson%2C+Whit+G%3BDixon%2C+Keith+W%3BLee%2C+Hyun-Chul%3BZeng%2C+Fanrong&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Rong&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007240 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; climate change; climate effects; currents; eddies; hydrographs; North Atlantic; Norwegian Sea; ocean circulation; ocean currents; salinity; sea-surface temperature; thermohaline circulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007240 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthropogenic aerosols and the weakening of the south Asian summer monsoon AN - 1371764967; 2013-048846 AB - An integral component of the Earth's hydrological cycle, the South Asian summer monsoon is critical for the well-being of over one-fifth of the world's population. Observations show that South Asia underwent a widespread drying during the second half of the twentieth century, but it is still largely unclear whether this prolonged shift was due to natural variations or human activities. Here we use a series of perturbation experiments with a state-of-the-art climate model, which realistically simulates the observed historical trend when driven with all known climate forcings, to investigate the South Asian monsoon response to natural and anthropogenic factors, with particular focus on aerosols and greenhouse gases. We find that the observed precipitation decrease is very likely to be of anthropogenic origin, and can be attributed almost entirely to aerosols. The drying is a robust outcome of a slowdown of the tropical meridional overturning circulation, which is fundamentally driven by the need to counteract the aerosol-induced energy imbalance between the northern and southern hemispheres. In contrast, greenhouse gases give rise primarily to a weakening of the equatorial zonal overturning circulation. These results provide compelling evidence of the prominent role of aerosols in shaping regional climate change over South Asia. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Ming, Yi AU - Bollasina, Massimo AU - Ramaswamy, V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1478 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - hydrology KW - monsoons KW - hydrologic cycle KW - human activity KW - southern Asia KW - digital simulation KW - data processing KW - aerosols KW - greenhouse gases KW - climate forcing KW - Asia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1371764967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+aerosols+and+the+weakening+of+the+south+Asian+summer+monsoon&rft.au=Ming%2C+Yi%3BBollasina%2C+Massimo%3BRamaswamy%2C+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=Yi&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1374.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-27 N1 - CODEN - MNLMBB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Asia; climate forcing; data processing; digital simulation; greenhouse gases; human activity; hydrologic cycle; hydrology; monsoons; southern Asia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycyclic musks in water, sediment, and fishes from the upper Hudson River, New York, USA AN - 1371763288; 2013-051057 AB - Synthetic musks are used in many consumer products for their pleasant odor and their binding affinity for fabrics. In the early 1990s, polycyclic musks were reported to occur in air, water, sediment, wildlife, and humans from many European countries. Concentrations of polycyclic musks, particularly 1,3,4,6,7,8 - hexahydro - 4,6,6,7,8,8 - hexamethyl - cyclopenta - [gamma ] - 2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl - 1,1,3,4,4,6 - hexamethyl - 1,2,3,4 - tetrahydronapthalene (AHTN), have been reported to increase over time in the environment. In this study, concentrations of musks in water, sediment, fish, and mussel were determined from three locations along the upper Hudson River. HHCB and AHTN were detected in water (n=5; 3.95-25.8 and 5.09-22.8 ng/L, respectively), sediment (n=3; 72.8-388 and 113-544 ng/g, dry weight), fish (n=30; <1-125 and <1-32.8 ng/g, lipid weight), and zebra mussel (n=4; 10.3-19.3 and 42.2-65.9 ng/g, lipid weight) samples. Bioaccumulation factors of HHCB calculated for white perch, catfish, smallmouth bass, and largemouth bass were in the range of 18 to 371, when the concentrations in fish were expressed on a wet weight basis; the factors were in the range of 261 to 12,900, when the concentrations in fish were expressed on a lipid weight basis. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Water, Air and Soil Pollution AU - Reiner, Jessica L AU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 335 EP - 342 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 214 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - naphthalene KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - Albany County New York KW - biota KW - Albany New York KW - bioaccumulation KW - benzopyrene KW - organic compounds KW - New York KW - detection KW - Greene County New York KW - Catskill New York KW - sediments KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - fluvial environment KW - Hudson River KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1371763288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Polycyclic+musks+in+water%2C+sediment%2C+and+fishes+from+the+upper+Hudson+River%2C+New+York%2C+USA&rft.au=Reiner%2C+Jessica+L%3BKannan%2C+Kurunthachalam&rft.aulast=Reiner&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11270-010-0427-8 L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(hi4cjunvnzs4hnradzi0ib55)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100344,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-27 N1 - CODEN - WAPLAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Albany County New York; Albany New York; aromatic hydrocarbons; benzopyrene; bioaccumulation; biota; Catskill New York; concentration; detection; fluvial environment; Greene County New York; Hudson River; hydrocarbons; naphthalene; New York; organic compounds; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sediments; surface water; toxic materials; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0427-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Features of rainfall and latent heating structure simulated by two convective parameterization schemes AN - 1366834736; 675817-15 AB - Using the latest version of SAMIL (Spectral Atmosphere Model of IAP LASG) developed by LASG/IAP, we evaluate the model performance by analyzing rainfall, latent heating structure and other basic fields with two different convective parameterization schemes: Manabe Scheme and Tiedtke Scheme. Results show that convective precipitation is excessively overestimated while stratiform precipitation is underestimated by Tiedtke scheme, thus causing less stratiform rainfall proportion compared with TRMM observation. In contrast, for Manabe scheme stratiform rainfall belt is well simulated, although precipitation center near Bay of Bengal (BOB) spreads eastward and northward associated with unrealistic strong rainfall downstream of the Tibet Plateau. The simulated latent heating structure indicates that Tiedtke scheme has an advantage over Manabe scheme, as the maximum convective latent heating near middle of troposphere is well reproduced. Moreover, the stratiform latent heating structure is also well simulated by Tiedtke scheme with warming above freezing level and cooling beneath freezing level. As for Manabe scheme, the simulated maximum convective latent heating lies near 700 hPa, lower than the observation. Additionally, the warming due to stratiform latent heating extends to the whole vertical levels, which is unreasonable compared with observation. Taylor diagram further indicates that Tiedtke scheme is superior to Manabe scheme as higher correlation between model output and observation data is achieved when Tiedtke scheme is employed, especially for the temperature near 200 hPa. Finally, a possible explanation is addressed for the unrealistic stratiform rainfall by Tiedtke scheme, which is due to the neglect of detrained cloud water and cloud ice during convective process. The speculation is verified through an established sensitivity experiment. Copyright 2011 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg JF - Science China Earth Sciences AU - Wang, Xiaocong AU - Bao, Qing AU - Liu, Kun AU - Wu, Guoxiong AU - Liu, Yimin Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1779 EP - 1788 PB - Springer, co-published with Science in China Press, Beijing VL - 54 IS - 11 SN - 1674-7313, 1674-7313 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1366834736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+China+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=Features+of+rainfall+and+latent+heating+structure+simulated+by+two+convective+parameterization+schemes&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaocong%3BBao%2C+Qing%3BLiu%2C+Kun%3BWu%2C+Guoxiong%3BLiu%2C+Yimin&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Xiaocong&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+China+Earth+Sciences&rft.issn=16747313&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11430-011-4282-2 L2 - http://link.springer.com/journal/11430 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4282-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between anomalies of Eurasian snow and southern China rainfall in winter AN - 1366814695; 2013-046597 AB - Characteristics of the snow water equivalent (SWE) over high-latitude Eurasia and its relation with precipitation in China during January, February and March (JFM) are investigated. The JFM Eurasian SWE exhibited a decadal downward shift in the late 1990s, marked by a frequently positive phase in 1979-98 and a negative phase afterward. The decadal shift corresponds to anomalous northeasterly flow over southeastern China. Consequently, warm and moist airflow from tropical oceans is weakened, accompanied by reduced rainfall over southeastern China. The US National Centers for the Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System (CFS) capture both the interannual variation and the decreasing trend of JFM Eurasian SWE reasonably well for several months in advance. The relationship between Eurasian SWE and southeastern China rainfall is also captured by the CFS in the prediction. Copyright IOP Publishing Ltd JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Zuo, Zhiyan AU - Yang, Song AU - Wang, Wanqiu AU - Kumar, Arun AU - Xue, Yan AU - Zhang, Renhe Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation 045402 PB - Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing, Bristol VL - 6 IS - 4 KW - hydrology KW - decadal variations KW - Far East KW - southern China KW - time series analysis KW - snow water equivalent KW - rainfall KW - statistical analysis KW - U. S. National Center for Environmental Prediction KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - anomalies KW - Climate Forecast System KW - snow KW - Eurasia KW - seasonal variations KW - Asia KW - climate KW - China KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1366814695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+anomalies+of+Eurasian+snow+and+southern+China+rainfall+in+winter&rft.au=Zuo%2C+Zhiyan%3BYang%2C+Song%3BWang%2C+Wanqiu%3BKumar%2C+Arun%3BXue%2C+Yan%3BZhang%2C+Renhe&rft.aulast=Zuo&rft.aufirst=Zhiyan&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F6%2F4%2F045402 L2 - http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by IOP Publishing Ltd., London, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anomalies; Asia; atmospheric precipitation; China; climate; Climate Forecast System; decadal variations; Eurasia; Far East; hydrology; rainfall; seasonal variations; snow; snow water equivalent; southern China; statistical analysis; time series analysis; U. S. National Center for Environmental Prediction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045402 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Bayesian assessment of the conservation status of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean AN - 1323807786; 17832887 AB - The population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering off the eastern coast of South America is referred to by the International Whaling Commission as Breeding Stock A (BSA). This population was heavily exploited in 20th century modern commercial whaling operations. After more than 30 years of protection, its present status remains unknown. A deterministic sex and age-aggregated population dynamics model was used to estimate the pre-exploitation population size (K), the maximum net recruitment rate (r sub(max)), the maximum depletion level (N sub(min)/K), and other quantities of interest of BSA. Input data included modern whaling catch series, absolute estimates of abundance, observed growth rates and indices of relative abundance. A Bayesian statistical method was used to calculate probability distributions for the model parameters. Prior distributions were set on r sub(max) - an uninformative (Uniform [0,0.106]) and an informative (Normal [0.067, 0.04 super(2)]) - and on the population size in 2005 - N sub(2005) (Uniform [500 super(max),22,000]). A total of 10,000 samples were used to compute the joint posterior distribution of the model parameters using the Sampling-Importance-Resampling algorithm. Sensitivity of model outputs to the priors on r sub(max), a genetic constraint, data inclusion and catch allocation scenarios was investigated. Medians of the posterior probability distributions of quantities of interest for the base case scenario were: r sub(max) = 0.069 (95% probability intervals [PI] = 0.013-0.104), K = 24,558 (95% PI = 22,791-31,118), N sub(min)/K = 2% (PI = 0.31%-12.5%), N sub(2006)/K = 27.4% (PI = 18.3%-39.5%), N sub(2020)/K = 61.8% (PI = 23.8%-88.6%), and N sub(2040)/K = 97.3% (PI = 31.6%-99.9%). Despite apparent recovery in the past three decades, the western South Atlantic humpback whale population is still low relative to its pre-exploitation size and requires continued conservation efforts. JF - Journal of cetacean research and management. Special issue AU - Zerbini, AN AU - Ward, E J AU - Kinas, P G AU - Engel, M H AU - Andriolo, A AD - School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5050 USA, alex.zerbini@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 131 EP - 144 VL - 3 SN - 1561-073X, 1561-073X KW - Humpback whale KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Overwintering KW - Resource conservation KW - Quantitative distribution KW - Recruitment KW - Stock assessment KW - AS, South Atlantic KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Catch statistics KW - Population dynamics KW - Genetics KW - ASW, South America KW - Marine mammals KW - Depleted stocks KW - Exploitation KW - Cetacea KW - Brood stocks KW - Whaling KW - Population number KW - Modelling KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1323807786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cetacean+research+and+management.+Special+issue&rft.atitle=A+Bayesian+assessment+of+the+conservation+status+of+humpback+whales+%28Megaptera+novaeangliae%29+in+the+western+South+Atlantic+Ocean&rft.au=Zerbini%2C+AN%3BWard%2C+E+J%3BKinas%2C+P+G%3BEngel%2C+M+H%3BAndriolo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zerbini&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cetacean+research+and+management.+Special+issue&rft.issn=1561073X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://iwc.int/home LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Humpback whales: Status in the Southern Hemisphere; Publisher homepage N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Mathematical models; Quantitative distribution; Resource conservation; Overwintering; Stock assessment; Recruitment; Catch statistics; Population dynamics; Genetics; Marine mammals; Depleted stocks; Exploitation; Brood stocks; Whaling; Modelling; Population number; Megaptera novaeangliae; Cetacea; ASW, South America; AS, South Atlantic; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A USANS/GP-SANS study of the accessibility of pores in gas shale to methane, water, and brine AN - 1316374451; 2013-026251 JF - Abstracts and Program - Society for Organic Petrology. Meeting AU - Ruppert, Leslie F AU - Sakurovs, Richard AU - Blach, Tomasz P AU - Mildner, David F R AU - He, Lilin AU - Melnichenko, Yuri B Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 69 PB - The=Society for Organic Petrology (TSOP), [location varies] VL - 28 SN - 1060-7250, 1060-7250 KW - United States KW - Mississippian KW - horizontal drilling KW - neutron methods KW - natural gas KW - Barnett Shale KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - petroleum KW - production KW - laboratory studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - directional drilling KW - drilling KW - hydraulic fracturing KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - methane KW - Paleozoic KW - Carboniferous KW - optimization KW - porous materials KW - gas shale KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - measurement KW - organic compounds KW - brines KW - neutron diffraction data KW - hydrocarbons KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1316374451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+and+Program+-+Society+for+Organic+Petrology.+Meeting&rft.atitle=A+USANS%2FGP-SANS+study+of+the+accessibility+of+pores+in+gas+shale+to+methane%2C+water%2C+and+brine&rft.au=Ruppert%2C+Leslie+F%3BSakurovs%2C+Richard%3BBlach%2C+Tomasz+P%3BMildner%2C+David+F+R%3BHe%2C+Lilin%3BMelnichenko%2C+Yuri+B&rft.aulast=Ruppert&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+and+Program+-+Society+for+Organic+Petrology.+Meeting&rft.issn=10607250&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Society for Organic Petrology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Barnett Shale; brines; Carboniferous; concentration; directional drilling; drilling; experimental studies; gas shale; horizontal drilling; hydraulic fracturing; hydrocarbons; laboratory studies; measurement; methane; Mississippian; natural gas; neutron diffraction data; neutron methods; optimization; organic compounds; Paleozoic; petroleum; porosity; porous materials; production; sedimentary rocks; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP); 1, Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements AN - 1312835767; 2013-022700 AB - This first paper of the two-part series describes the objectives of the community efforts in improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical formulations, the augmented conceptual realism in biophysical and hydrological processes, and introduces a framework for multiple options to parameterize selected processes (Noah-MP). The Noah-MP's performance is evaluated at various local sites using high temporal frequency data sets, and results show the advantages of using multiple optional schemes to interpret the differences in modeling simulations. The second paper focuses on ensemble evaluations with long-term regional (basin) and global scale data sets. The enhanced conceptual realism includes (1) the vegetation canopy energy balance, (2) the layered snowpack, (3) frozen soil and infiltration, (4) soil moisture-groundwater interaction and related runoff production, and (5) vegetation phenology. Sample local-scale validations are conducted over the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) site, the W3 catchment of Sleepers River, Vermont, and a French snow observation site. Noah-MP shows apparent improvements in reproducing surface fluxes, skin temperature over dry periods, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, and runoff over Noah LSM version 3.0. Noah-MP improves the SWE simulations due to more accurate simulations of the diurnal variations of the snow skin temperature, which is critical for computing available energy for melting. Noah-MP also improves the simulation of runoff peaks and timing by introducing a more permeable frozen soil and more accurate simulation of snowmelt. We also demonstrate that Noah-MP is an effective research tool by which modeling results for a given process can be interpreted through multiple optional parameterization schemes in the same model framework. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Niu, Guo-Yue AU - Yang, Zong-Liang AU - Mitchell, Kenneth E AU - Chen, Fei AU - Ek, Michael B AU - Barlage, Michael AU - Kumar, Anil AU - Manning, Kevin AU - Niyogi, Dev AU - Rosero, Enrique AU - Tewari, Mukul AU - Xia, Youlong Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D12109 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - land cover KW - permafrost KW - snow cover KW - snow water equivalent KW - vegetation KW - energy balance KW - climate change KW - models KW - snow KW - mathematical methods KW - surface features KW - climate effects KW - geomorphology KW - frozen ground KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312835767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=On+ocean+and+sea+ice+modes+of+variability+in+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Danielson%2C+Seth%3BCurchitser%2C+Enrique%3BHedstrom%2C+Kate%3BWeingartner%2C+Thomas%3BStabeno%2C+Phyllis&rft.aulast=Danielson&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007389 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate change; climate effects; energy balance; frozen ground; geomorphology; hydrology; land cover; mathematical methods; models; permafrost; snow; snow cover; snow water equivalent; soils; surface features; vegetation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rates and processes of channel response to dam removal with a sand-filled impoundment AN - 1244677955; 2013-007844 AB - Dam removal projects are playing an increasingly important role in stream restoration, and offer unparalleled opportunities to study sediment dynamics following disturbance. We used the removal of the approximately 4-m high Merrimack Village Dam (MVD) on the Souhegan River in southern New Hampshire to measure processes and rates of channel evolution in a sand-filled impoundment. From 2007 to 2010, we repeatedly surveyed 11 cross sections and the longitudinal profile, and collected sediment samples to measure changes in channel morphology and bed texture. The dam removal in August 2008 resulted in a nearly instantaneous base level drop of 3.9 m and caused a two-phased channel response. The initial, process-driven phase (2 months) was characterized by rapid incision and removal of the impounded sand (up to 1013 t d (super -1) ), followed by channel widening. Once incised to base level, the rate of sediment removal slowed (30.7 t d (super -1) ) and adjustments became event-driven, and the former impoundment segmented into a nonalluvial section and an alluvial section with erosion and deposition influenced by vegetation on the channel banks. Two years after the dam removal and two high-magnitude floods, the river has excavated 79% of the original sediment. Continued response will be substantially influenced by the establishment of bank vegetation within the former impoundment and the magnitude and frequency of high discharge events. Initial channel development and sediment erosion occurs rapidly (weeks to months) in sand-filled impoundments, but excavation of the remaining sediment occurs more slowly depending on vegetation feedbacks and flood events. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Pearson, Adam J AU - Snyder, Noah P AU - Collins, Mathias J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation W08504 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 47 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - sand KW - embankments KW - geologic hazards KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - reclamation KW - water management KW - channels KW - vegetation KW - excavations KW - New Hampshire KW - ponds KW - transport KW - Merrimack Village Dam KW - dams KW - Souhegan River KW - sediments KW - natural hazards KW - floods KW - Hillsborough County New Hampshire KW - streams KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1244677955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Rates+and+processes+of+channel+response+to+dam+removal+with+a+sand-filled+impoundment&rft.au=Pearson%2C+Adam+J%3BSnyder%2C+Noah+P%3BCollins%2C+Mathias+J&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010WR009733 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-12-27 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; clastic sediments; dams; embankments; excavations; floods; geologic hazards; Hillsborough County New Hampshire; hydrology; Merrimack Village Dam; natural hazards; New Hampshire; ponds; reclamation; sand; sediment transport; sediments; Souhegan River; streams; transport; United States; vegetation; water management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009733 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the flux of CaCO (sub 3) and organic carbon from the surface ocean using in situ measurements of O (sub 2) , N (sub 2) , pCO (sub 2) , and pH AN - 1151913906; 2012-097539 AB - Ocean acidification from anthropogenic CO (sub 2) has focused our attention on the importance of understanding the rates and mechanisms of CaCO (sub 3) formation so that changes can be monitored and feedbacks predicted. We present a method for determining the rate of CaCO (sub 3) production using in situ measurements of fCO (sub 2) and pH in surface waters of the eastern subarctic Pacific Ocean. These quantities were determined on a surface mooring every 3 h for a period of about 9 months in 2007 at Ocean Station Papa (50 degrees N, 145 degrees W). We use the data in a simple surface ocean, mass balance model of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity (Alk) to constrain the CaCO (sub 3) : organic carbon (OC) production ratio to be approximately 0.5. A CaCO (sub 3) production rate of 8 mmol CaCO (sub 3) m (super -2) d (super -1) in the summer of 2007 (1.2 mol m (super -2) yr (super -1) ) is derived by combining the CaCO (sub 3) : OC ratio with the a net organic carbon production rate (2.5 mol C m (super -2) yr (super -1) ) determined from in situ measurements of oxygen and nitrogen gas concentrations measured on the same mooring (Emerson and Stump, 2010). Carbonate chemistry data from a meridional hydrographic section in this area in 2008 indicate that isopycnal surfaces that outcrop in the winter in the subarctic Pacific and deepen southward into the subtropics are a much stronger source for alkalinity than vertical mixing. This pathway has a high enough Alk:DIC ratio to support the CaCO (sub 3) :OC production rate implied by the fCO (sub 2) and pH data. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Emerson, Steven AU - Sabine, Christopher AU - Cronin, Meghan F AU - Feely, Richard AU - Cullison Gray, Sarah E AU - DeGrandpre, Mike Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation GB3008 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - sea water KW - oxygen KW - sea surface water KW - solutes KW - hydrochemistry KW - oceanography KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - biogenic processes KW - transport KW - quantitative analysis KW - dissolved oxygen KW - carbon KW - acidification KW - calcium carbonate KW - carbon cycle KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - world ocean KW - pH KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151913906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+flux+of+CaCO+%28sub+3%29+and+organic+carbon+from+the+surface+ocean+using+in+situ+measurements+of+O+%28sub+2%29+%2C+N+%28sub+2%29+%2C+pCO+%28sub+2%29+%2C+and+pH&rft.au=Emerson%2C+Steven%3BSabine%2C+Christopher%3BCronin%2C+Meghan+F%3BFeely%2C+Richard%3BCullison+Gray%2C+Sarah+E%3BDeGrandpre%2C+Mike&rft.aulast=Emerson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GB003924 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; biogenic processes; calcium carbonate; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; dissolved oxygen; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; nitrogen; oceanography; organic carbon; oxygen; pH; quantitative analysis; sea surface water; sea water; solutes; transport; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003924 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Abatement of Carbon Dioxide Intensity in China: Factors Decomposition and Policy Implications AN - 1126535110; 201230395 AB - To deal with the challenges brought about by climate changes, China decided to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity by 40-45 per cent from 2005 to 2020. Using the decomposition technique, this study finds that energy intensity is the most important force to drive the decline of CO2 intensity between 1980 and 2008, followed by structural factors such as the adjustment of energy and industrial structure. Therefore, any environmental policy to promote energy efficiency will play the biggest role in achieving the target of abating CO2 intensity in 2020. Adapted from the source document. JF - The World Economy AU - Chen, Shiyi AD - China Center for Economic Studies (CCES), School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 1148 EP - 1167 PB - Blackwell Publishers, Oxford UK VL - 34 IS - 7 SN - 0378-5920, 0378-5920 KW - Abatement KW - Peoples Republic of China KW - Efficiency KW - Energy KW - Environmental Policy KW - Energy Policy KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1126535110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Economy&rft.atitle=The+Abatement+of+Carbon+Dioxide+Intensity+in+China%3A+Factors+Decomposition+and+Policy+Implications&rft.au=Chen%2C+Shiyi&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Shiyi&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+World+Economy&rft.issn=03785920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9701.2011.01370.x LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2013-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peoples Republic of China; Energy; Efficiency; Environmental Policy; Abatement; Energy Policy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01370.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New USEPA water quality criteria by 2012: GOMA concerns and recommendations AN - 1125228590; 17287289 AB - The Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) was tasked by the five Gulf State Governors to identify major issues affecting the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and to set priorities for ameliorating these problems. One priority identified by GOMA is the need to improve detection methods for water quality indicators, pathogens and microbial source tracking. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is tasked with revising water quality criteria by 2012; however, the locations traditionally studied by the USEPA are not representative of the GoM and this has raised concern about whether or not the new criteria will be appropriate. This paper outlines a number of concerns, including deadlines associated with the USEPA Consent Decree, which may prevent inclusion of research needed to produce a well-developed set of methods and criteria appropriate for all regulated waters. GOMA makes several recommendations including ensuring that criteria formulation use data that include GoM-specific conditions (e.g. lower bather density, nonpoint sources), that rapid-testing methods be feasible and adequately controlled, and that USEPA maintains investments in water quality research once the new criteria are promulgated in order to assure that outstanding scientific questions are addressed and that scientifically defensible criteria are achieved for the GoM and other regulated waterbodies. JF - Journal of Water and Health AU - Gooch-Moore, Janet AU - Goodwin, Kelly D AU - Dorsey, Carol AU - Ellender, R D AU - Mott, Joanna B AU - Ornelas, Mark AU - Sinigalliano, Chris AU - Vincent, Bob AU - Whiting, David AU - Wolfe, Steven H AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA, janet.moore@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 718 EP - 733 PB - IWA Publishing, Alliance House London SW1H 0QS United Kingdom VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1477-8920, 1477-8920 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water quality KW - Gulfs KW - Investment KW - Bioindicators KW - Density KW - Water quality criteria KW - Water Quality KW - Environmental Protection KW - Pathogens KW - Environmental protection KW - Tracking KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - EPA KW - USA KW - Microorganisms KW - Priorities KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1125228590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.atitle=New+USEPA+water+quality+criteria+by+2012%3A+GOMA+concerns+and+recommendations&rft.au=Gooch-Moore%2C+Janet%3BGoodwin%2C+Kelly+D%3BDorsey%2C+Carol%3BEllender%2C+R+D%3BMott%2C+Joanna+B%3BOrnelas%2C+Mark%3BSinigalliano%2C+Chris%3BVincent%2C+Bob%3BWhiting%2C+David%3BWolfe%2C+Steven+H&rft.aulast=Gooch-Moore&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.issn=14778920&rft_id=info:doi/10.2166%2Fwh.2011.156 L2 - http://www.iwaponline.com/jwh/009/jwh0090718.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogens; Water quality; Tracking; Environmental protection; EPA; Pollution monitoring; Water quality criteria; Bioindicators; Density; Microorganisms; Water Quality; Priorities; Environmental Protection; Investment; Gulfs; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.156 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus in the Mid-Atlantic Bight: Comment on Stokesbury et al. (2011) AN - 1113223135; 17248291 AB - Stokesbury et al. (2011; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 425:167-173) concluded that 10 billion sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus probably died from discarding during fishing operations between surveys in 2003 and 2004, based on the observed reduction in scallops between these 2 surveys. The reported mortality primarily occurred in a very large 2001 year class that was below commercial size in 2003-2004, whereas mortality rates were lower for larger commercial-sized scallops. This pattern is not consistent with mortality from discarding, because commercial scallop dredge gear is designed to retain commercial-sized scallops, allowing a substantial proportion of undersized scallops to escape through the dredge rings. Data from at-sea observers in the Mid-Atlantic indicate that only 319 million scallops were discarded during this period. Non-capture (incidental) fishing mortality was also too low to account for the observed mortality. However, juvenile scallop mortality due to predation increases with their density, primarily induced by crabs Cancer spp. The observed high mortality of juvenile scallops was therefore probably a result of increased predation, rather than discarding. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Hart, Deborah R AU - Shank, Burton V AD - Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water St., Woods Hole, Massachussetts 02543, USA, deborah.hart@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 293 EP - 297 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 443 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Data processing KW - Predation KW - Fishing gear KW - Year class KW - Cancer KW - Dredges KW - Commercial fishing KW - Fishing KW - Placopecten magellanicus KW - ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Bight KW - Marine molluscs KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Mortality causes KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113223135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+sea+scallops+Placopecten+magellanicus+in+the+Mid-Atlantic+Bight%3A+Comment+on+Stokesbury+et+al.+%282011%29&rft.au=Hart%2C+Deborah+R%3BShank%2C+Burton+V&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09517 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Fishing; Commercial fishing; Fishing gear; Year class; Marine molluscs; Marine crustaceans; Mortality causes; Dredges; Mortality; Data processing; Predation; Cancer; Placopecten magellanicus; ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Bight; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09517 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling ecosystem disruptive algal blooms: positive feedback mechanisms AN - 1113223132; 17248378 AB - Harmful blooms of algae that disrupt and degrade ecosystems (ecosystem disruptive algal blooms, EDABs) are occurring with increasing frequency with eutrophication and other adverse anthropogenic alterations of coastal systems. EDAB events have been hypothesized to be caused by positive feedback interactions involving differential growth of competing algal species, low grazing mortality rates on EDAB species, and resulting decreases in nutrient inputs from grazer-mediated nutrient cycling as the EDAB event progresses. Here we develop a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model to test the conceptual positive feedback hypothesis. In this model we compete the low-nutrient adapted brown tide EDAB species Aureoumbra lagunensis and 2 high-nutrient-adapted diatoms (Thalassiosira pseudonana and T. weissflogii) using published data for growth rate versus limiting nutrient (ammonium) concentration. The model results support the positive feedback hypothesis for EDAB formation, and verify that bloom formation requires low grazing rates on the EDAB species. The model predicts that because of the positive feedback, the harmful bloom should persist once formed. The model further shows that the likelihood and biomass intensity of an EDAB event is increased by greater residence time of water in a coastal system and that increased nutrient supply increases its severity. Our results demonstrate that EDAB events do not simply involve a direct stimulation of growth of harmful species by increased nutrients, but rather involve complex interactions among the growth of competing algal species, differential grazing on those species, and changes in nutrient cycling that are directly linked to algal grazing. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Sunda, William G AU - Shertzer, Kyle W AD - CCFHR, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA, bill.sunda@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 31 EP - 47 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 447 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Algal blooms KW - Eutrophication KW - Residence time KW - Diatoms KW - Phytoplankton KW - Nutrients KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Models KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Feedback KW - Algae KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Aureoumbra lagunensis KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Ammonium KW - Data processing KW - Thalassiosira pseudonana KW - Grazing KW - Biomass KW - Tides KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113223132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Modeling+ecosystem+disruptive+algal+blooms%3A+positive+feedback+mechanisms&rft.au=Sunda%2C+William+G%3BShertzer%2C+Kyle+W&rft.aulast=Sunda&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=447&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09482 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Algal blooms; Interspecific relationships; Residence time; Grazing; Phytoplankton; Nutrient cycles; Mortality causes; Ammonium compounds; Ammonium; Mortality; Data processing; Eutrophication; Diatoms; Nutrients; Biomass; Tides; Models; Feedback; Algae; Aureoumbra lagunensis; Thalassiosira pseudonana; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09482 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in enzymatic activity during early development of bay scallops Argopecten irradians and sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus AN - 1113219479; 17248240 AB - Poor growth and survival of scallops is often reported during early developmental stages. Stage- and species-specific dietary requirements have been identified, but the mechanisms responsible for these differences remain largely unknown. Dietary success depends on food biochemical properties, digestive and/or assimilative capacity, as well as the animal's specific nutritional demands, which can vary over development and between species. The present study examines developmental changes in the activities of key digestive enzymes in larval and postlarval bay scallops Argopecten irradians and sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus raised on a mixed algal diet until similar to 4 to 5 mm in shell height (SH) and sampled at intervals encompassing major transitions in feeding organ development. Colorimetric assays measured general protease, lipase (esterase) and carbohydrase (alpha-amylase, cellulase and laminarinase) activities. The most pronounced changes in enzymatic activity occurred prior to scallops attaining similar to 1.2 mm SH in both scallop species. The esterase:protease ratio exhibited similar ontogenetic patterns in both scallop species, decreasing sharply between larval and immediate postlarval stages before increasing to an intermediate level and stabilizing around 1.2 mm SH. In contrast, mean carbohydrase activities measured over the experimental duration differed between species, with bay scallops exhibiting higher specific activities of alpha-amylase and cellulase but much lower activities of laminarinase than sea scallops. These findings have implications for understanding scallop utilization of the food supply in nature, as well as developing targeted diets that could enhance their growth and survival in culture. JF - Aquatic Biology AU - Milke, Lisa M AU - Bricelj, VMonica AU - Ross, Neil W AD - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Milford Laboratory, Milford, Connecticut 06460, USA, lisa.milke@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 207 EP - 216 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1864-7782, 1864-7782 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Digestive enzyme activity KW - Scallops KW - Placopecten magellanicus KW - Argopecten irradians KW - Development KW - esterase KW - Food KW - Colorimetry KW - Survival KW - Cell culture KW - Larval development KW - Cellulase KW - Feed composition KW - Growth KW - Nutritional requirements KW - Ontogeny KW - Proteinase KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Algae KW - Diets KW - Feeding KW - Developmental stages KW - Enzymes KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Digestive enzymes KW - Feeding experiments KW - Scallop culture KW - Shells KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113219479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Biology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+enzymatic+activity+during+early+development+of+bay+scallops+Argopecten+irradians+and+sea+scallops+Placopecten+magellanicus&rft.au=Milke%2C+Lisa+M%3BBricelj%2C+VMonica%3BRoss%2C+Neil+W&rft.aulast=Milke&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00398 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Growth; Nutritional requirements; Enzymes; Feeding experiments; Scallop culture; Larval development; Feed composition; Feeding; Food; esterase; Developmental stages; Survival; Colorimetry; Cell culture; Cellulase; Triacylglycerol lipase; Digestive enzymes; Ontogeny; Proteinase; Enzymatic activity; Shells; Algae; Placopecten magellanicus; Argopecten irradians DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00398 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of blood anticoagulants on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood tissue AN - 1113219462; 17248239 AB - Collecting tissue samples from sea turtles for stable isotope analysis often occurs at remote field sites. For blood tissue, samples are treated with an anticoagulant that allows for later separation of plasma from cellular components. However, the effect of this technique on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood has not been established. We measured the effects of 3 widely used anticoagulants, acid ASHcitrate dextrose (ACD), sodium heparin (SH) and ASHethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), on stable carbon ([delta] super(13C) and stable nitrogen ([delta]) super(1)5N) values in whole blood, red blood cells, and blood plasma of 11 green turtles Chelonia mydas captured in San Diego Bay, California, USA. Vials containing each of the 3 blood preservatives as well as a vial containing no additive (i.e. control vial) were filled in random order. Blood in the no-additive vial was immediately separated into fractions (e.g. red blood cells, plasma) via centrifugation, whereas blood collected in the treatment vials was chilled and then centrifuged 48 h after collection. We found that, relative to the controls, ACD-preserved whole blood and blood plasma were super(13C enriched, EDTA-treated red blood cells and plasma were ) super(1)5N deASHpleted, and SH-treated whole blood was super(15N enASHriched. Because SH was the only anticoagulant with no measured effect on blood plasma and red blood cells-the most commonly studied blood fractions for sea turtle stable isotope studies-we recommend its exclusive use as a blood anticoagulant for field studies where prompt centriASHfugation is not possible.) JF - Aquatic Biology AU - Lemons, Garrett E AU - Eguchi, Tomoharu AU - LyonA, Boyd N AU - LeRoux, Robin AU - Seminoff, Jeffrey A AD - NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 la Jolla Shores Drive, la Jolla, California 92037, USA, jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 201 EP - 206 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1864-7782, 1864-7782 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - [delta]13C and [delta]15N KW - Carbon KW - Cheloniidae KW - Ectotherm KW - ASHIsotope enrichment KW - Nitrogen KW - Reptilia KW - Isotopes KW - INE, USA, California, San Diego Bay KW - Anticoagulants KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Erythrocytes KW - Hydrobiology KW - Sodium KW - dextrose KW - Centrifugation KW - Blood KW - Serological studies KW - Chelonia mydas KW - Nitrogen isotopes KW - Heparin KW - Preservatives KW - Edetic acid KW - Q1 08626:Food technology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113219462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+blood+anticoagulants+on+stable+isotope+values+of+sea+turtle+blood+tissue&rft.au=Lemons%2C+Garrett+E%3BEguchi%2C+Tomoharu%3BLyonA%2C+Boyd+N%3BLeRoux%2C+Robin%3BSeminoff%2C+Jeffrey+A&rft.aulast=Lemons&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00397 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Serological studies; Anticoagulants; Erythrocytes; Aquatic reptiles; Hydrobiology; Nitrogen isotopes; Heparin; Preservatives; dextrose; Sodium; Centrifugation; Isotopes; Carbon; Edetic acid; Nitrogen; Chelonia mydas; INE, USA, California, San Diego Bay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00397 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control AN - 1113217435; 17248303 AB - Zooplankton grazers are capable of influencing food-web dynamics by exerting top-down control over phytoplankton prey populations. Certain toxic or unpalatable algal species have evolved mechanisms to disrupt grazer control, thereby facilitating the formation of massive, monospecific blooms. The harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellate Karenia brevis has been associated with lethal and sublethal effects on zooplankton that may offer both direct and indirect support of bloom formation and maintenance. Reductions in copepod grazing on K. brevis have been attributed to acute physiological incapacitation and nutritional inadequacy. To evaluate the potential toxicity or nutritional inadequacy of K. brevis, food removal and egg production experiments were conducted using the copepod Acartia tonsa and K. brevis strains CCMP 2228, Wilson, and SP-1, characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as having high, low, and no brevetoxin levels, respectively. Variable grazing rates were found in experiments involving mixtures of toxic CCMP 2228 and Wilson strains. However, in experiments with toxic CCMP 2228 and non-toxic SP-1 strains, A. tonsa grazed SP-1 at significantly higher rates than the toxic alternative. Additionally, A. tonsa experienced significantly greater mortality when exposed to toxic K. brevis strains, particularly after prolonged exposure. Egg production rates of copepods fed toxic K. brevis strains were similar to those of starved copepods, while those of copepods fed non-toxic SP-1 and the nutritious Rhodomonas salina were significantly higher. Analysis indicates that K. brevis impacts grazer populations via multiple synergistic mechanisms: (1) decreased ingestion rates, (2) decreased egg production, and (3) increased mortality of copepods through a combination of toxicity and nutritional inadequacy. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Waggett, Rebecca J AU - Hardison, DRansom AU - Tester, Patricia A AD - National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516-9722, USA, rwaggett@ut.edu Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 15 EP - 30 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 444 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Algal blooms KW - Food KW - Phytoplankton KW - Egg production KW - Nutrition KW - Acartia tonsa KW - Karenia KW - Rhodomonas salina KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Prey KW - Grazers KW - Algae KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Grazing KW - Zooplankton KW - Toxicity KW - Strains KW - Spectrometry KW - Brevetoxins KW - Karenia brevis KW - Secondary production KW - Mortality causes KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113217435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+nutritional+inadequacy+of+Karenia+brevis%3A+synergistic+mechanisms+disrupt+top-down+grazer+control&rft.au=Waggett%2C+Rebecca+J%3BHardison%2C+DRansom%3BTester%2C+Patricia+A&rft.aulast=Waggett&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09401 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal blooms; Grazing; Phytoplankton; Toxicity; Secondary production; Strains; Nutrition; Mortality causes; Grazers; Mortality; Food; Zooplankton; Egg production; Spectrometry; Brevetoxins; Dinoflagellates; Prey; Algae; Karenia; Rhodomonas salina; Karenia brevis; Acartia tonsa; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09401 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precautionary design of a marine protected area based on a habitat model AN - 1113216533; 17249048 AB - A basic principle of effective resource management is that decisions should be conservative in the face of uncertainty. Due to limited data, there is often considerable uncertainty about species' habitat relationships and requirements. If the boundaries of a protected area are based on relationships estimated by a habitat model, effective management takes the uncertainty into account. The inclusion of uncertainty in the design of a hypothetical marine protected area is described for a coastal population of the long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis off Baja California, Mexico. Line-transect and depth data were combined in a hierarchical Bayesian model. Two possible management goals were considered: protecting 100000 animals or protecting 60% of the population. A precautionary approach was adopted, meaning that the management goal should be met with a high probability. The model estimated that a seaward boundary at 360 m would include 100000 dolphins with a probability of 0.9. A conventional but less precautionary 'best estimate' boundary at 160 m would meet the management goal with a probability of 0.5. For the second goal of including 60% of the population, the precautionary and non-precautionary depths were 210 and 170 m, respectively. Habitat models are useful for management, but management decisions based on such models should consider the uncertainty inherent in estimating parameters from data. Models which include the data observation process can improve inference about habitat relationships. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Gerrodette, Tim AU - Eguchi, Tomoharu AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, 3333 North Torrey Pines Court, la Jolla, California 92037, USA, tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 159 EP - 166 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Models KW - Dolphins KW - Protected areas KW - Modelling KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Marine protected areas KW - Habitat KW - Environmental protection KW - Design KW - Delphinus capensis KW - Boundaries KW - Nature conservation KW - Marine parks KW - Endangered species KW - Cetacea KW - Environment management KW - Endangered Species KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113216533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Precautionary+design+of+a+marine+protected+area+based+on+a+habitat+model&rft.au=Gerrodette%2C+Tim%3BEguchi%2C+Tomoharu&rft.aulast=Gerrodette&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00369 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Marine parks; Nature conservation; Habitat; Environment management; Environmental protection; Modelling; Endangered Species; Data processing; Mathematical models; Bayesian analysis; Boundaries; Endangered species; Models; Dolphins; Marine protected areas; Protected areas; Design; Delphinus capensis; Cetacea; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00369 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea turtle population estimates incorporating uncertainty: a new approach applied to western North Atlantic loggerheads Caretta caretta AN - 1113216506; 17249047 AB - Loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta have been listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act since 1978, and a change in their listing status to endangered was recently under consideration. Estimates of adult population size are needed to evaluate population status, but include a number of uncertainties. A point estimate of loggerhead population size based on a nest count fails to convey the range of our uncertainty in the estimated number of individuals in a population. We developed distributions of adult female loggerhead subpopulation sizes for 5 subpopulations of the western North Atlantic, and for the western North Atlantic population as a whole. Distributions were derived by re-sampling from available nest counts (2001-2010) and data on breeding interval, survival and clutch frequency, each affecting the extrapolation of nest numbers to adult females. Our best estimate for the western North Atlantic adult female loggerhead population was 38334 (SD = 2287) adult females. Confidence limits on estimates for the individual subpopulations ranged from a high of 45058 adult females for Peninsular Florida to a low of 258 adult females in the Dry Tortugas. To reduce uncertainty in population estimates, research needs to focus on quantifying breeding interval and clutch frequency, especially in the less-studied subpopulations. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Richards, Paul M AU - Epperly, Sheryan P AU - Heppell, Selina S AU - King, Rachel T AU - Sasso, Christopher R AU - Moncada, Felix AU - Nodarse, Gonzalo AU - Shaver, Donna J AU - Medina, Yosvani AU - Zurita, Julio AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA, paul.richards@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 151 EP - 158 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Caretta caretta KW - Survival KW - Nests KW - Breeding KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Data processing KW - Population characteristics KW - Subpopulations KW - Turtles KW - Rare species KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Dry Tortugas KW - Clutch KW - Population status KW - Nature conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Population number KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113216506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Sea+turtle+population+estimates+incorporating+uncertainty%3A+a+new+approach+applied+to+western+North+Atlantic+loggerheads+Caretta+caretta&rft.au=Richards%2C+Paul+M%3BEpperly%2C+Sheryan+P%3BHeppell%2C+Selina+S%3BKing%2C+Rachel+T%3BSasso%2C+Christopher+R%3BMoncada%2C+Felix%3BNodarse%2C+Gonzalo%3BShaver%2C+Donna+J%3BMedina%2C+Yosvani%3BZurita%2C+Julio&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00379 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population characteristics; Clutch; Subpopulations; Aquatic reptiles; Nature conservation; Rare species; Endangered Species; Data processing; Breeding; Population status; Survival; Endangered species; Nests; Turtles; Population number; Caretta caretta; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Dry Tortugas; AN, North Atlantic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00379 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aggregation on the edge: effects of hypoxia avoidance on the spatial distribution of brown shrimp and demersal fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico AN - 1113215283; 17248341 AB - The northwestern Gulf of Mexico shelf experiences the largest seasonal hypoxic (dissolved oxygen, DO <= 2.0 mg l super(-1) zone in the western hemisphere. This study uses bottom trawl and hydrographic surveys over 3 yr to quantify low DO avoidance thresholds, patterns of aggregation in nearby oxygenated refuge habitats, and spatial overlap of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and several finfishes on the nearshore Louisiana shelf. On average, DO avoidance thresholds were low (1 to 3 mg l) super(-)1) and near incipient lethal levels for similar species, suggesting organisms avoid the lowest, lethal DO levels on the shelf. Avoidance thresholds varied both within and among years, indicating that behavioral responses to low DO are context-dependent and vary in relation to the severity of hypoxia and possibly other factors. Despite the absence of physical barriers to movement, evading organisms aggregated at short distances (1 to 3 km) just beyond the margins of the hypoxic zone, indicating that sublethal and indirect effects of hypoxia are probably most intense within a relatively narrow region along the hypoxic edge. DO avoidance thresholds and patterns of aggregation were similar between brown shrimp, the primary target of the commercial shrimp trawl fishery, and several juvenile and small adult finfishes that comprise most of the bycatch. In addition, spatial overlap between brown shrimp and finfishes was highest in the years when hypoxia was most severe, and this effect was stronger for benthic fishes than for pelagic fishes. These results suggest the potential for enhanced harvest and bycatch interactions along the margins of the hypoxic zone as an indirect effect of hypoxia-induced shifts in spatial ASHpatterns. Such spatially mediated indirect effects are an important means by which hypoxia ASHinfluences mobile species in the Gulf. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Craig, JKevin AD - Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Highway 98, St. Teresa, Florida 32358-2702, USA, kevin.craig@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 75 EP - 95 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 445 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Spatial distribution KW - Avoidance reactions KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Pisces KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Fisheries KW - Seasonal variations KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Marine KW - Refuges KW - Decapoda KW - Hydrographic surveys KW - Habitat KW - Farfantepenaeus aztecus KW - Edge effect KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Lethal levels KW - By catch KW - Hypoxia KW - Shrimp fisheries KW - Bottom trawls KW - Fish KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113215283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Aggregation+on+the+edge%3A+effects+of+hypoxia+avoidance+on+the+spatial+distribution+of+brown+shrimp+and+demersal+fishes+in+the+Northern+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Craig%2C+JKevin&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=JKevin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=445&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps09437 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - By catch; Refuges; Hypoxia; Bottom trawls; Shrimp fisheries; Avoidance reactions; Hydrographic surveys; Marine crustaceans; Dissolved oxygen; Lethal levels; Spatial distribution; Fisheries; Habitat; Edge effect; Sulfur dioxide; Fish; Seasonal variations; Pisces; Decapoda; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Louisiana; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09437 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isotopic variations in mafic volcanic rocks from the western branch of the East African Rift AN - 1112675561; 2012-091281 AB - Isotopic variations in lavas from regions of low tectonic extension, such as the western branch of the East African Rift (EAR), can be used to probe regional variability in the underlying continental lithospheric mantle. Volcanic rocks from the western branch of the EAR are isotopically among the most extreme young samples on Earth. Pb, Hf, Nd and Sr isotope compositions for mafic, undersaturated alkalic lavas from Rungwe, Kivu, Virunga and Toro-Ankole all show large variations over short lateral distances, indicating extensive isotopic heterogeneity in the continental lithospheric mantle source for these lavas, mostly due to ancient metasomatism associated with African orogenic events. Trends in the isotopic data show a convergence near values of (super 206) Pb/ (super 204) Pb=18.9-19.2, (super 207) Pb/ (super 204) Pb=15.63-15.67, (super 208) Pb/ (super 204) Pb=39.3-39.7, epsilon (sub Nd) =0, epsilon (sub Hf) =3 and (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr=0.705. The isotopic variation within each volcanic province extends away from these values to distinct compositions. In contrast, (super 3) He/ (super 4) He within each province shows a restricted range; 7.5-9.0, 5.0-6.5, 6.7-7.5 and 5.6-6.8R (sub A) for Rungwe, Kivu, Virunga and Toro-Ankole, respectively. There is no evidence for the presence of high (super 3) He/ (super 4) He plume material such as that beneath the Ethiopian Rift and Afar. The convergence of the Pb-Hf-Nd-Sr isotopes suggests that primary magma is derived from a common mantle source beneath the western branch of the EAR, such as the lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary. In contrast, the distinct isotopic variations within each volcanic region represent the shallower, provincial characteristics of the underlying lithosphere and crust. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Graham, D AU - Furman, T AU - Blichert-Toft, J AU - Lupton, J AU - Ebinger, C AU - Rogers, N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 941 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - Tanzania KW - volcanic rocks KW - isotopes KW - igneous rocks KW - East Africa KW - Virunga KW - Toro-Ankole KW - mafic composition KW - lead KW - stable isotopes KW - Rungwe KW - East African Rift KW - radioactive isotopes KW - noble gases KW - helium KW - rare earths KW - Lake Kivu KW - geochemistry KW - Pb-207/Pb-204 KW - alkaline earth metals KW - Pb-206/Pb-204 KW - lithosphere KW - isotope ratios KW - East African Lakes KW - Uganda KW - Central Africa KW - Congo Democratic Republic KW - lava KW - metals KW - magmas KW - volcanoes KW - Africa KW - Pb-208/Pb-204 KW - He-4/He-3 KW - neodymium KW - strontium KW - crust KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1112675561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Isotopic+variations+in+mafic+volcanic+rocks+from+the+western+branch+of+the+East+African+Rift&rft.au=Graham%2C+D%3BFurman%2C+T%3BBlichert-Toft%2C+J%3BLupton%2C+J%3BEbinger%2C+C%3BRogers%2C+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/878.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; alkaline earth metals; Central Africa; Congo Democratic Republic; crust; East Africa; East African Lakes; East African Rift; geochemistry; He-4/He-3; helium; igneous rocks; isotope ratios; isotopes; Lake Kivu; lava; lead; lithosphere; mafic composition; magmas; metals; neodymium; noble gases; Pb-206/Pb-204; Pb-207/Pb-204; Pb-208/Pb-204; radioactive isotopes; rare earths; Rungwe; stable isotopes; strontium; Tanzania; Toro-Ankole; Uganda; Virunga; volcanic rocks; volcanoes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing ambient and generated marine particle composition, size, and production AN - 1112667854; 2012-091393 AB - Oceans cover two-thirds of the Earth's surface, and the particles emitted by waves breaking on the ocean surface provide an important contribution to the planetary albedo. The contribution of sea salt particles to atmospheric aerosol has been recognized and qualitatively understood for almost a century. The quantity, size distribution, and composition of submicron particles released into the atmosphere from bubble bursting remains unknown because measurements of particle production in controlled conditions have never fully explained open ocean observations. This presentation compares ambient-observed and artificially-generated composition, size, and production of marine particles. In addition to physical measurements of particle number distributions, chemical analyses are used to illustrate the important role of surface seawater composition in forming particles. Filter samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the functional group composition and total organic mass (OM) of the ambient and generated marine particles. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the ambient particle FTIR spectra was used to separate the marine and anthropogenically-influenced sources of OM in ambient observations. Samples from marine aerosol bubbling generation showed similar organic compositions to those determined from ambient marine factors, all showing high fractions of hydroxyl functional groups. Number concentrations of artificially-generated particles were also related to the properties of the seawater from which they were generated. To evaluate the role of organic and inorganic components of seawater in forming particles, we also investigated particle production from laboratory bubbling in controlled conditions with simple seawater model solutions. These experiments serve to illustrate the important role of sea surface components in the film bursting process that leads to particle production. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Russell, L M AU - Frossard, A A AU - Modini, R AU - Deane, G B AU - Stokes, M D AU - Keene, W C AU - Quinn, P K AU - Bates, T S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1770 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - experimental studies KW - sea water KW - human activity KW - bubbles KW - atmosphere KW - air-sea interface KW - hydrochemistry KW - infrared spectra KW - FTIR spectra KW - organic compounds KW - sea salt KW - marine environment KW - aerosols KW - spectra KW - particulate materials KW - geochemistry KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1112667854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Comparing+ambient+and+generated+marine+particle+composition%2C+size%2C+and+production&rft.au=Russell%2C+L+M%3BFrossard%2C+A+A%3BModini%2C+R%3BDeane%2C+G+B%3BStokes%2C+M+D%3BKeene%2C+W+C%3BQuinn%2C+P+K%3BBates%2C+T+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1685.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; air-sea interface; atmosphere; bubbles; experimental studies; FTIR spectra; geochemistry; human activity; hydrochemistry; infrared spectra; marine environment; organic compounds; particulate materials; sea salt; sea water; spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns During The 2008 and 1993 Historic Midwest Floods AN - 1093475589; 17171979 AB - The synoptic-scale atmospheric patterns and the most extreme 13-day rainfall periods during the 1993 and 2008 historic Midwest flood events are compared. Over the north central part of the United States, these two 13-day periods were the two wettest during the warm season over the past 60 years. The 500-hPa geopotential height, mean sea level pressure, 250-hPa u-wind and 850-hPa v-wind component anomaly patterns associated with the two periods were found to be remarkably similar. A correlation of .939 was found for the 500-hPa height anomalies between the two periods. The synoptic patterns associated with both periods facilitated the development of a plume of anomalously high precipitable water and moisture flux around the periphery of the subtropical high that then intersected a quasi-stationary baroclinic zone, thereby supporting the development of frequent mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Frequent low pressure waves along the front, as well as the presence of a nearby exit or entrance region of an upper tropospheric jet streak, enhanced synoptic scale ascent. Early detection of these extreme events might be possible by both medium and short range forecasters using ensemble guidance to ascertain the potential likelihood of similar patterns and features to the aforementioned 13-day periods. On the global climate scale, the late winter and spring season preceding both summer floods featured anomalously wet conditions over the central United States, which contributed to high antecedent soil moisture conditions. Despite the anomalously wet pre-flood periods, there were no similarities in pre-flood monthly El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) anomalies, yet both years did feature a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) signal two months prior to and during the floods. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Bodner, MJ AU - Junker, N W AU - Grumm, R H AU - Schumacher, R S AD - NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - Moisture KW - Oscillations KW - Correlations KW - Floods KW - El Nino KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Waves KW - Seasonal variability KW - Plumes KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Warm seasons KW - Sea level pressure KW - Southern Oscillation KW - Dynamic height KW - USA KW - Geopotential field analysis KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Moisture Content KW - Soil moisture KW - Fluctuations KW - AN, North Atlantic, North Atlantic Oscillation KW - Atmospheric circulation patterns KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1093475589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Atmospheric+Circulation+Patterns+During+The+2008+and+1993+Historic+Midwest+Floods&rft.au=Bodner%2C+MJ%3BJunker%2C+N+W%3BGrumm%2C+R+H%3BSchumacher%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Bodner&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oscillations; Floods; El Nino; Climate; Atmospheric forcing; Ocean-atmosphere system; Sea level pressure; Dynamic height; Southern Oscillation; North Atlantic Oscillation; Geopotential field analysis; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event; Correlations; Seasonal variability; Warm seasons; Soil moisture; Atmospheric circulation patterns; Moisture; Weather; Climates; Moisture Content; Waves; Fluctuations; Plumes; USA; AN, North Atlantic, North Atlantic Oscillation; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Examination of Varying Supercell Environments Over The Complex Terrain Of The Eastern Tennessee River Valley AN - 1093475555; 17171975 AB - This study examines the similarities and differences between five events when supercells over the eastern Tennessee River Valley had either low or high tornado-producing efficiency. The three events with a high tornado-producing efficiency (defined in this study as an event where every supercell produced at least one tornado) were characterized by the tornado-producing supercells tracking near a well-defined, preexisting west-to-east oriented quasi-stationary frontal boundary. The other two events with a low tornado-producing efficiency had supercells that were located and moved farther away from a south-to-north oriented cold front. In the high tornado-producing efficiency events, the supercells likely encountered lower lifted condensation level (LCL) heights and higher helicity values for a longer distance along the west-to-oriented qausi-stationary frontal boundaries. In the low tornado-producing efficiency events, the supercells encountered higher LCL heights and lower helicity values as they propagated farther away from the south-to-north oriented cold fronts, especially across the Great Tennessee Valley where the lowering elevation from the Cumberland Plateau aided in the higher LCL heights. During the one non-tornado-producing event, the combination of high LCL heights, a lack of low-level directional wind shear, and the location of the supercell paths away from a well-defined surface boundary likely caused the lack of tornado development, despite the presence of numerous supercells. The two tornado outbreak events (defined in this study as an event that produced five or more tornadoes) experienced the strongest low-level helicity values, although the low-level instability values were the weakest. The higher low-level instability during the other three non-outbreak events may have compensated for the weaker, but still significant, low-level wind shear. Another common trait observed in four of the five events was the location of strong equivalent potential temperature advection at the surface near the locations of the observed supercells and tornadoes. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Gaffin, D M AU - Hotz, D G AD - NOAA/National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office, Morristown, Tennessee, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Tornadoes KW - Freshwater KW - Advection KW - Helicity KW - Cold fronts KW - Wind KW - Rivers KW - Shear KW - Weather KW - Wind shear KW - Supercells KW - River valleys KW - Tracking KW - USA, Tennessee KW - USA, Tennessee R. Valley KW - Potential temperature KW - Elevation KW - Boundaries KW - Equivalent potential temperature KW - Condensation KW - Atmospheric fronts KW - Instability KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - M2 551.515.3:Tornadoes Waterspouts Whirlwinds (551.515.3) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1093475555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=An+Examination+of+Varying+Supercell+Environments+Over+The+Complex+Terrain+Of+The+Eastern+Tennessee+River+Valley&rft.au=Gaffin%2C+D+M%3BHotz%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Gaffin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind shear; Tornadoes; Potential temperature; Atmospheric fronts; River valleys; Tracking; Cold fronts; Helicity; Equivalent potential temperature; Supercells; Condensation; Instability; Advection; Shear; Rivers; Weather; Elevation; Boundaries; Wind; USA, Tennessee; USA, Tennessee R. Valley; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synoptic Climatology of Significant Fog Events at Truckee, California AN - 1093475539; 17171972 AB - A climatology of significant fog events (visibility dropping to 0.5 statute mile or lower for at least six consecutive hours) for the Truckee-Tahoe Airport (KTRK) in Truckee, California, is presented. The climatology is based on surface observation data from July 1994 through June 2009. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data are used to determine which upper air patterns are favorable for periods of significant fog formation. These patterns are: (a) a building ridge after an upper low/trough passage, (b) an upper low/trough offshore/approaching from the west, and (c) an upper trough over the region. Periods of significant fog are most frequently observed at night during the winter months at Truckee. JF - National Weather Digest AU - O'Hara, B F AD - National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office, Reno, Nevada, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Weather KW - Aviation KW - Airports KW - Buildings KW - Data reanalysis KW - Fog KW - Fog formation KW - INE, USA, California KW - Synoptic climatology KW - Visibility KW - Climatology KW - Troughs KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M2 551.575:Fog/Mist (551.575) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1093475539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=Synoptic+Climatology+of+Significant+Fog+Events+at+Truckee%2C+California&rft.au=O%27Hara%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climatology; Fog; Aviation; Fog formation; Synoptic climatology; Visibility; Data reanalysis; Troughs; Prediction; Weather; Airports; Buildings; INE, USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumption, Credit, and Macroeconomic Policies: Theory and Evidence from the United States AN - 1081860334; 201226503 AB - The paper examines determinants of private consumption in the USA. The empirical model includes disposable income, the University of Michigan consumer sentiment index, the interest rate, and the real effective exchange rate. Anticipated movements in these determinants are likely to affect planned consumption, while unanticipated changes determine cyclical consumption. Fluctuations in private consumption are mostly cyclical with respect to changes in disposable income and the consumers sentiment index. In contrast, an increase in the interest rate decreases both planned and cyclical consumption. Fiscal policy has a direct negative effect on cyclical consumption, which is not dependent on the interest rate. Monetary growth, in contrast, increases liquidity to finance both planned and cyclical private consumption. Adapted from the source document. JF - Global Economic Review AU - Kandil, Magda AU - Mirzaie, Ida Aghdas AD - The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, Cairo, Egypt Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 323 EP - 360 PB - Routledge/Taylor & Francis, UK VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 1226-508X, 1226-508X KW - Fiscal Policy KW - Exchange Rate KW - Credit KW - Consumption KW - United States of America KW - Consumers KW - Michigan KW - Interest Rate KW - Universities KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1081860334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Consumption%2C+Credit%2C+and+Macroeconomic+Policies%3A+Theory+and+Evidence+from+the+United+States&rft.au=Kandil%2C+Magda%3BMirzaie%2C+Ida+Aghdas&rft.aulast=Kandil&rft.aufirst=Magda&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Economic+Review&rft.issn=1226508X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1226508X.2011.601645 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Consumption; Interest Rate; United States of America; Consumers; Fiscal Policy; Credit; Exchange Rate; Universities; Michigan DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2011.601645 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Bayesian assessment of the conservation status of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean AN - 1069195415; 17126267 AB - The population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering off the eastern coast of South America is referred to by the International Whaling Commission as 'Breeding Stock A' (BSA). This population was heavily exploited in 20 super(th) century modern commercial whaling operations. After more than 30 years of protection, its present status remains unknown. A deterministic sex and age-aggregated population dynamics model was used to estimate the pre-exploitation population size (K), the maximum net recruitment rate (r sub(max)), the maximum depletion level (N sub(min)K), and other quantities of interest of BSA. Input data included modern whaling catch series, absolute estimates of abundance, observed growth rates and indices of relative abundance. A Bayesian statistical method was used to calculate probability distributions for the model parameters. Prior distributions were set on r sub(max) - an uninformative (Uniform [0, 0.106]) and an informative (Normal [0.067, 0.04 super(2)]) - and on the population size in 2005 - N sub(2005), (Uniform [500, 22,000]). A total of 10,000 samples were used to compute the joint posterior distribution of the model parameters using the Sampling-Importance-Resampling algorithm. Sensitivity of model outputs to the priors on r sub(max), a genetic constraint, data inclusion and catch allocation scenarios was investigated. Medians of the posterior probability distributions of quantities of interest for the base case scenario were: r sub(max) = 0.069 (95% probability intervals [PI] = 0.013-0.104), K = 24,558(95% PI = 22,791-31,118), N sub(min)/K = 2% (PI = 0.31% 12.5%), N sub(2006) K = 27.4% (PI = 18.3%-39.5%), N sub(2020)/K = 61.8% (PI = 23.8%-88.6%), and N sub(2040)/K = 97.3% (PI = 31.6%-99.9%). Despite apparent recovery in the past three decades, the western South Atlantic humpback whale population is still low relative to its pre-exploitation size and requires continued conservation efforts. JF - Journal of Cetacean Research and Management AU - Zerbini, AN AU - Ward, E J AU - Kinas, P G AU - Engel, M H AU - Andriolo, A AD - School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA, alex.zerbini@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 131 EP - 144 SN - 1561-0713, 1561-0713 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Overwintering KW - Quantitative distribution KW - Recruitment KW - whaling KW - AS, South Atlantic KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Relative abundance KW - Population dynamics KW - Catches KW - ASW, South America KW - Breeding KW - Oceans KW - Marine mammals KW - Conservation KW - Cetacea KW - Brood stocks KW - Whales KW - Whaling KW - Population number KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1069195415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cetacean+Research+and+Management&rft.atitle=A+Bayesian+assessment+of+the+conservation+status+of+humpback+whales+%28Megaptera+novaeangliae%29+in+the+western+South+Atlantic+Ocean&rft.au=Zerbini%2C+AN%3BWard%2C+E+J%3BKinas%2C+P+G%3BEngel%2C+M+H%3BAndriolo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zerbini&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cetacean+Research+and+Management&rft.issn=15610713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Mathematical models; Quantitative distribution; Overwintering; Marine mammals; Recruitment; Population dynamics; Brood stocks; Whaling; Breeding; Oceans; Conservation; whaling; Relative abundance; Whales; Catches; Population number; Megaptera novaeangliae; Cetacea; ASW, South America; AS, South Atlantic; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation and observations of stratospheric aerosols from the 2009 Sarychev volcanic eruption AN - 1039339914; 2012-081408 AB - We used a general circulation model of Earth's climate to conduct simulations of the 12-16 June 2009 eruption of Sarychev volcano (48.1 degrees N, 153.2 degrees E). The model simulates the formation and transport of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol cloud from the eruption and the resulting climate response. We compared optical depth results from these simulations with limb scatter measurements from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS), in situ measurements from balloon-borne instruments lofted from Laramie, Wyoming (41.3 degrees N, 105.7 degrees W), and five lidar stations located throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The aerosol cloud covered most of the Northern Hemisphere, extending slightly into the tropics, with peak backscatter measured between 12 and 16 km in altitude. Aerosol concentrations returned to near-background levels by spring 2010. After accounting for expected sources of discrepancy between each of the data sources, the magnitudes and spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth due to the eruption largely agree. In conducting the simulations, we likely overestimated both particle size and the amount of SO (sub 2) injected into the stratosphere, resulting in modeled optical depth values that were a factor of 2-4 too high. Modeled optical depth due to the eruption shows a peak too late in high latitudes and too early in low latitudes, suggesting a problem with stratospheric circulation in the model. The model also shows a higher decay rate in optical depth than is observed, showing an inaccuracy in stratospheric removal rates in some seasons. The modeled removal rate of sulfate aerosols from the Sarychev eruption is higher than the rate calculated for aerosols from the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kravitz, Ben AU - Robock, Alan AU - Bourassa, Adam AU - Deshler, Terry AU - Wu, Decheng AU - Mattis, Ina AU - Finger, Fanny AU - Hoffmann, Anne AU - Ritter, Christoph AU - Bitar, Lubna AU - Duck, Thomas J AU - Barnes, John E Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D18211 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D18 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Russian Pacific region KW - sulfur dioxide KW - Sakhalin Russian Federation KW - general circulation models KW - sulfates KW - atmosphere KW - Russian Federation KW - atmospheric circulation KW - Kuril Islands KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - stratosphere KW - transport KW - atmospheric transport KW - volcanism KW - eruptions KW - volcanoes KW - aerosols KW - Sarychev KW - Asia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1039339914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Simulation+and+observations+of+stratospheric+aerosols+from+the+2009+Sarychev+volcanic+eruption&rft.au=Kravitz%2C+Ben%3BRobock%2C+Alan%3BBourassa%2C+Adam%3BDeshler%2C+Terry%3BWu%2C+Decheng%3BMattis%2C+Ina%3BFinger%2C+Fanny%3BHoffmann%2C+Anne%3BRitter%2C+Christoph%3BBitar%2C+Lubna%3BDuck%2C+Thomas+J%3BBarnes%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Kravitz&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D18&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD015501 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Asia; atmosphere; atmospheric circulation; atmospheric transport; Commonwealth of Independent States; eruptions; general circulation models; Kuril Islands; Russian Federation; Russian Pacific region; Sakhalin Russian Federation; Sarychev; stratosphere; sulfates; sulfur dioxide; transport; volcanism; volcanoes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015501 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation AN - 1039339814; 2012-081291 AB - Aerosols impact the microphysical properties of clouds by serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN). By modifying cloud properties, aerosols have the potential to alter the location and intensity of precipitation, but determining the magnitude and reproducibility of aerosol-induced changes to precipitation remains a significant challenge to experimentalists and modelers. During the CalWater Early Start campaign (22 February to 11 March 2009), a uniquely comprehensive set of atmospheric chemistry, precipitation, and meteorological measurements were made during two extratropical cyclones. These two storms showed enhanced integrated water vapor concentrations and horizontal water vapor transports due to atmospheric river conditions and, together, produced 23% of the annual precipitation and 38% of the maximum snowpack at California's Central Sierra Snow Lab (CSSL). Precipitation measurements of insoluble residues showed very different chemistry occurring during the two storms with the first one showing mostly organic species from biomass burning, whereas the second storm showed a transition from biomass burning organics to the dominance of Asian dust. As shown herein, the dust was transported across the Pacific during the second storm and became incorporated into the colder high-altitude precipitating orographic clouds over the Sierra Nevada. The second storm produced 1.4 times as much precipitation and increased the snowpack by 1.6 times at CSSL relative to the first storm. As described in previous measurement and modeling studies, dust can effectively serve as ice nuclei, leading to increased riming rates and enhanced precipitation efficiency, which ultimately can contribute to differences in precipitation. Future modeling studies will help deconvolute the meteorological, microphysical, and aerosol factors leading to these differences and will use CalWater's meteorological and aerosol observations to constrain the model-based interpretations. The ultimate goal of such combined efforts is to use the results to improve aerosol-cloud impacts on precipitation in regional climate models. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Ault, Andrew P AU - Williams, Christopher R AU - White, Allen B AU - Neiman, Paul J AU - Creamean, Jessie M AU - Gaston, Cassandra J AU - Ralph, F Martin AU - Prather, Kimberly A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D16205 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - biomass KW - ice physics KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - fires KW - California KW - snowpack KW - mineral composition KW - transport KW - ice KW - snow KW - sediments KW - storms KW - chemical composition KW - meteorology KW - rain KW - clouds KW - clastic sediments KW - Central California KW - cloud physics KW - ice nuclei KW - deposition KW - atmospheric transport KW - dust KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1039339814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Asian+dust+in+California+orographic+precipitation&rft.au=Ault%2C+Andrew+P%3BWilliams%2C+Christopher+R%3BWhite%2C+Allen+B%3BNeiman%2C+Paul+J%3BCreamean%2C+Jessie+M%3BGaston%2C+Cassandra+J%3BRalph%2C+F+Martin%3BPrather%2C+Kimberly+A&rft.aulast=Ault&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD015351 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmospheric precipitation; atmospheric transport; biomass; California; Central California; chemical composition; clastic sediments; cloud physics; clouds; deposition; dust; fires; ice; ice nuclei; ice physics; meteorology; mineral composition; rain; sediments; Sierra Nevada; snow; snowpack; storms; transport; United States; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015351 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of transported pollution on Arctic climate AN - 1039339527; 2012-081270 AB - Arctic temperatures have increased at almost twice the global average rate over the past 100 years [1]. Warming in the Arctic has been accompanied by an earlier onset of spring melt, a lengthening of the melt season, changes in the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet, and a decrease in sea ice extent. Short-lived, climate warming pollutants such as black carbon (BC) have recently gained attention as a target for immediate mitigation of Arctic warming in addition to reductions in long lived greenhouse gases. Model calculations indicate that BC increases surface temperatures within the Arctic primarily through deposition on snow and ice surfaces with a resulting decrease in surface albedo and increase in absorbed solar radiation. In 2009, the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) established an Expert Group on BC with the goal of identifying source regions and energy sectors that have the largest impact on Arctic climate. Here we present the results of this work and investigate links between mid-latitude pollutants and Arctic climate. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Quinn, P K AU - Stohl, A S AU - Arneth, A AU - Berntsen, T AU - Burkhart, J AU - Flanner, M AU - Kupiainen, K AU - Shepherd, M AU - Shevchenko, V AU - Skov, H AU - Vestreng, V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1683 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - sea ice KW - marine pollution KW - Greenland ice sheet KW - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program KW - global change KW - climate change KW - temperature KW - Greenland KW - AMAP KW - transport KW - ice KW - snow KW - Arctic Ocean KW - climate KW - global warming KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - Arctic region KW - pollution KW - ice sheets KW - theoretical models KW - glacial geology KW - meltwater KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1039339527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+transported+pollution+on+Arctic+climate&rft.au=Quinn%2C+P+K%3BStohl%2C+A+S%3BArneth%2C+A%3BBerntsen%2C+T%3BBurkhart%2C+J%3BFlanner%2C+M%3BKupiainen%2C+K%3BShepherd%2C+M%3BShevchenko%2C+V%3BSkov%2C+H%3BVestreng%2C+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1679.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - AMAP; Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program; Arctic Ocean; Arctic region; climate; climate change; glacial geology; global change; global warming; Greenland; Greenland ice sheet; human activity; ice; ice sheets; marine pollution; meltwater; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; programs; sea ice; snow; temperature; theoretical models; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hyperresolution global land surface modeling; meeting a grand challenge for monitoring Earth's terrestrial water AN - 1039338212; 2012-081124 AB - Monitoring Earth's terrestrial water conditions is critically important to many hydrological applications such as global food production; assessing water resources sustainability; and flood, drought, and climate change prediction. These needs have motivated the development of pilot monitoring and prediction systems for terrestrial hydrologic and vegetative states, but to date only at the rather coarse spatial resolutions ( approximately 10-100 km) over continental to global domains. Adequately addressing critical water cycle science questions and applications requires systems that are implemented globally at much higher resolutions, on the order of 1 km, resolutions referred to as hyperresolution in the context of global land surface models. This opinion paper sets forth the needs and benefits for a system that would monitor and predict the Earth's terrestrial water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles. We discuss six major challenges in developing a system: improved representation of surface-subsurface interactions due to fine-scale topography and vegetation; improved representation of land-atmospheric interactions and resulting spatial information on soil moisture and evapotranspiration; inclusion of water quality as part of the biogeochemical cycle; representation of human impacts from water management; utilizing massively parallel computer systems and recent computational advances in solving hyperresolution models that will have up to 10 (super 9) unknowns; and developing the required in situ and remote sensing global data sets. We deem the development of a global hyperresolution model for monitoring the terrestrial water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles a "grand challenge" to the community, and we call upon the international hydrologic community and the hydrological science support infrastructure to endorse the effort. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Wood, Eric F AU - Roundy, Joshua K AU - Troy, Tara J AU - van Beek, L P H AU - Bierkens, Marc F P AU - Blyth, Eleanor AU - de Roo, Ad AU - Doell, Petra AU - Ek, Mike AU - Famiglietti, James AU - Gochis, David AU - van de Giesen, Nick AU - Houser, Paul AU - Jaffe, Peter R AU - Kollet, Stefan AU - Lehner, Bernhard AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P AU - Peters-Lidard, Christa AU - Sivapalan, Murugesu AU - Sheffield, Justin AU - Wade, Andrew AU - Whitehead, Paul Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation W05301 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - terrestrial environment KW - monitoring KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - moisture KW - global KW - prediction KW - information management KW - geochemical cycle KW - hydrologic cycle KW - natural hazards KW - floods KW - water resources KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1039338212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Hyperresolution+global+land+surface+modeling%3B+meeting+a+grand+challenge+for+monitoring+Earth%27s+terrestrial+water&rft.au=Wood%2C+Eric+F%3BRoundy%2C+Joshua+K%3BTroy%2C+Tara+J%3Bvan+Beek%2C+L+P+H%3BBierkens%2C+Marc+F+P%3BBlyth%2C+Eleanor%3Bde+Roo%2C+Ad%3BDoell%2C+Petra%3BEk%2C+Mike%3BFamiglietti%2C+James%3BGochis%2C+David%3Bvan+de+Giesen%2C+Nick%3BHouser%2C+Paul%3BJaffe%2C+Peter+R%3BKollet%2C+Stefan%3BLehner%2C+Bernhard%3BLettenmaier%2C+Dennis+P%3BPeters-Lidard%2C+Christa%3BSivapalan%2C+Murugesu%3BSheffield%2C+Justin%3BWade%2C+Andrew%3BWhitehead%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010WR010090 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-14 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - floods; geochemical cycle; geologic hazards; global; hydrologic cycle; hydrology; information management; moisture; monitoring; natural hazards; numerical models; prediction; soils; terrestrial environment; water resources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010090 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of the National Weather Service Distributed Hydrologic Model for subsurface water exchanges between grids AN - 1037239424; 2012-077727 AB - To account for spatial variability of precipitation, as well as basin physiographic properties, the National Weather Service (NWS) has developed a distributed version of its hydrologic component, termed the Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM). Because channels are the only source of water exchange between neighboring computational elements, the absence of such exchange has been identified as a weakness in the model. The primary objective of this paper is to modify the model structure to account for subsurface water exchanges without dramatically altering the conceptual framework of the water balance module. The subsurface exchanges are established by partitioning the slow response components released from the lower layer storages into two parts: the first part involves the grid's conceptual channel, while the second is added to the lower layer storages of the downstream pixel. Realizing the deficiency of the water balance module to locate the lower zone layers in sufficient depths, a complementary study is conducted to test the feasibility of further improvement in the modified model by equally shifting downward the lower zone layers of all pixels over the basin. The Baron Fork at Eldon, Oklahoma, is chosen as the test basin. Ten years of grid-based multisensor precipitation data are used to investigate the effects of the modification, plus shifting the lower zone layers on model performance. The results show that the modified-shifted HL-RDHM can markedly improve the streamflow simulations at the interior point, as well as very high peak-flow simulations at the basin's outlet. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Khakbaz, Behnaz AU - Imam, Bisher AU - Sorooshian, Soroosh AU - Koren, Victor I AU - Cui, Zhengtao AU - Smith, Michael B AU - Restrepo, Pedro Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation W06524 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Baron Fork Creek KW - Cherokee County Oklahoma KW - numerical models KW - Eldon Oklahoma KW - surface water KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - calibration KW - ground water KW - Oklahoma KW - streamflow KW - sensitivity analysis KW - digital simulation KW - NOAA KW - National Weather Service KW - meteorology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037239424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Modification+of+the+National+Weather+Service+Distributed+Hydrologic+Model+for+subsurface+water+exchanges+between+grids&rft.au=Khakbaz%2C+Behnaz%3BImam%2C+Bisher%3BSorooshian%2C+Soroosh%3BKoren%2C+Victor+I%3BCui%2C+Zhengtao%3BSmith%2C+Michael+B%3BRestrepo%2C+Pedro&rft.aulast=Khakbaz&rft.aufirst=Behnaz&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010WR009626 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-31 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Baron Fork Creek; calibration; Cherokee County Oklahoma; data processing; digital simulation; Eldon Oklahoma; government agencies; ground water; hydrology; meteorology; National Weather Service; NOAA; numerical models; Oklahoma; sensitivity analysis; streamflow; surface water; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009626 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First principles investigation of manganese oxide surface chemistry AN - 1033533432; 2012-074513 AB - Manganese oxides, which are ubiquitous in geological settings, play an important role in heavy metal adsorption and oxidation in the environment. In particular, the ability of manganese oxides to oxidize trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium has garnered considerable attention, but questions remain concerning the mechanism of oxidation. To accurately model hexavalent chromium transport and its fate in the environment, the specific interactions between chromium ions and manganese oxide surfaces must be ascertained. Because structure, composition, and chemical properties of surfaces are intimately related to reactivity, a fundamental understanding of manganese oxide surface reconstructions and redox behavior lays the foundation for investigating oxidation mechanisms involving manganese oxides. However, detailed structural analyses of manganese oxide surfaces under environmentally relevant conditions are scarce. We have combined periodic density functional theory calculations and ab initio thermodynamics to identify stable surface terminations of the b-MnO (super 2) (110) and g-MnOOH (010) surfaces and to determine their redox behavior in response to varying oxygen and water chemical potentials. Reduction of the surfaces produces interesting surface reconstructions driven by the competition between lattice constraints and optimal d-orbital occupation and manganese coordination geometry. Multiple oxidation states are found at the surfaces due to Jahn-Teller effects. Under ambient conditions, oxidation of the g-MnOOH (010) surfaces is predicted to be favorable, while the reduced b-MnO (super 2) (110) and g-MnOOH (010) surfaces are not stable but may become relevant during heavy metal oxidation processes at the surface. Molecular and dissociative adsorption of water on the clean surfaces significantly lower the surface free energies. Binding sites for trivalent chromium on the hydrated surfaces will be presented with a focus on the effect of manganese oxidation state on adsorption geometry. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - Oxford, Gloria A E AU - Chaka, Anne M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1581 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - density functional theory KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - hydration KW - hexavalent chromium KW - metals KW - manganese oxides KW - theoretical models KW - oxides KW - thermodynamic properties KW - crystal chemistry KW - geochemistry KW - mineral surface KW - Eh KW - chromium KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033533432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=First+principles+investigation+of+manganese+oxide+surface+chemistry&rft.au=Oxford%2C+Gloria+A+E%3BChaka%2C+Anne+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Oxford&rft.aufirst=Gloria+A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1555.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; chromium; crystal chemistry; density functional theory; Eh; geochemistry; hexavalent chromium; hydration; manganese oxides; metals; mineral surface; oxidation; oxides; pollutants; pollution; theoretical models; thermodynamic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical applications of physically based hydrologic models to seasonal streamflow forecasts AN - 1033532302; 2012-073992 AB - Despite advances in physically based hydrologic models and prediction systems, long-standing statistical methods remain a fundamental component in most operational forecasts of seasonal streamflow. We develop a hybrid framework that employs gridded observed precipitation and model-simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) data as predictors in regression equations adapted from an operational forecasting environment. We test the modified approach using the semidistributed variable infiltration capacity hydrologic model in a case study of California's Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and Tulare Lake hydrologic regions. The approach employs a principal components regression methodology, adapted from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, which leverages the ability of the distributed model to provide an added dimension to SWE predictors in a statistical framework. Hybrid forecasts based on data simulated at grid points acting as surrogates for ground-based observing stations are found to perform comparably to those based on their observed counterparts. When a larger selection of grid points are considered as potential predictors, hybrid forecasts achieve superior skill, with the largest benefits in watersheds that are poorly represented in terms of ground-based observations. Forecasts are also found to offer overall improvement over those officially issued by California's Department of Water Resources, although their specific performance in dry years is less consistent. The study demonstrates the utility of physically based models within an operational statistical framework, as well as the ability of the approach to identify locations with strong predictive skill for potential ground station implementation. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Rosenberg, Eric A AU - Wood, Andrew W AU - Steinemann, Anne C Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation W00H14 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Tulare Lake KW - numerical models KW - regulations KW - statistical analysis KW - government agencies KW - watersheds KW - prediction KW - Sacramento River KW - California KW - San Joaquin River KW - streamflow KW - seasonal variations KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033532302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Statistical+applications+of+physically+based+hydrologic+models+to+seasonal+streamflow+forecasts&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Eric+A%3BWood%2C+Andrew+W%3BSteinemann%2C+Anne+C&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010WR010101 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-16 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; government agencies; hydrology; numerical models; prediction; regulations; Sacramento River; San Joaquin River; seasonal variations; statistical analysis; streamflow; Tulare Lake; United States; watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production flux of sea-spray aerosol AN - 1026863988; 2012-064570 AB - Knowledge of the size- and composition-dependent production flux of primary sea-spray aerosol (SSA) particles and its dependence on environmental variables is required for modeling cloud microphysical properties and aerosol radiative influences, interpreting measurements of particulate matter in coastal areas and its relation to air quality, and evaluating rates of uptake and reactions of gases in sea-spray drops. The current status of the knowledge on the primary SSA production flux, mainly for particles with r (sub 80) (equilibrium radius at 80% relative humidity) less than 1 mu m, has recently been reviewed by de Leeuw et al. (2011). These authors discussed the production of sea-spray particles and its dependence on controlling factors which have been investigated in laboratory studies that have examined the dependences on water temperature, salinity, and the presence of organics, and in field measurements with micrometeorological techniques that use newly developed fast optical particle sizers. Extensive measurements show that water-insoluble organic matter contributes substantially to the composition of SSA particles with r (sub 80) < 0.25 mu m and in locations with high biological activity can be the dominant constituent. Order-of-magnitude variation remains in estimates of the size-dependent production flux per white area, the quantity central to formulations of the production flux based on the whitecap method. This variation indicates that the production flux may depend on quantities, such as the volume flux of air bubbles to the surface, that are not accounted for in current models. Variation in estimates of the whitecap fraction as a function of wind speed contributes additional, comparable uncertainty to production flux estimates. de Leeuw et al. (2011) conclude that despite the many gains in understanding in recent years, the uncertainty in the SSA production flux remains sufficiently great that present knowledge of this quantity cannot usefully constrain the representation of emissions of SSA in chemical transport models or climate models that include aerosols. As a consequence it is not yet possible to improve the modeling of these emissions much beyond the current state of affairs which shows nearly two orders of magnitude spread in current estimates of global annual SSA emissions. JF - Mineralogical Magazine AU - de Leeuw, Gerrit AU - Andreas, Edgar L AU - Anguelova, Magdalena D AU - Fairall, C W AU - Lewis, Ernie R AU - O'Dowd, Colin AU - Schulz, Michael AU - Schwartz, Stephen E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 738 PB - Mineralogical Society, London VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0026-461X, 0026-461X KW - clouds KW - organic compounds KW - sea water KW - sea spray KW - pollution KW - coastal environment KW - aerosols KW - particulate materials KW - hydrochemistry KW - geochemistry KW - air pollution KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1026863988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Production+flux+of+sea-spray+aerosol&rft.au=de+Leeuw%2C+Gerrit%3BAndreas%2C+Edgar+L%3BAnguelova%2C+Magdalena+D%3BFairall%2C+C+W%3BLewis%2C+Ernie+R%3BO%27Dowd%2C+Colin%3BSchulz%2C+Michael%3BSchwartz%2C+Stephen+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=de+Leeuw&rft.aufirst=Gerrit&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.issn=0026461X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/712.full.pdf+html http://www.minersoc.org/pages/e_journals/minmag.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt2011 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; air pollution; clouds; coastal environment; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; organic compounds; particulate materials; pollution; sea spray; sea water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seafloor seismic observations flanking the South Island of New Zealand; the MOANA Ocean Bottom Seismic Experiment AN - 1026860767; 2012-066939 JF - GNS Science Miscellaneous Series AU - Sheehan, A AU - Collins, J AU - Molnar, P AU - Yang, Z AU - Zietlow, D AU - Ball, J AU - Stachnik, J AU - Mungov, G AU - Savage, M AU - Hammond, K A T AU - Wallace, L M AU - Bangs, N AU - Bell, R E AU - Henrys, S A AU - Mountjoy, J J AU - Pecher, I A AU - Silver, E A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - GNS Science, Lower Hutt VL - 39 SN - 1177-2441, 1177-2441 KW - ocean bottom seismographs KW - geophysical surveys KW - Australasia KW - Southwest Pacific KW - geophysical methods KW - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program KW - South Pacific KW - seismographs KW - West Pacific KW - seismic methods KW - South Island KW - Pacific Ocean KW - surveys KW - MOANA Ocean Bottom Seismic Experiment KW - New Zealand KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1026860767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GNS+Science+Miscellaneous+Series&rft.atitle=Seafloor+seismic+observations+flanking+the+South+Island+of+New+Zealand%3B+the+MOANA+Ocean+Bottom+Seismic+Experiment&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+A%3BCollins%2C+J%3BMolnar%2C+P%3BYang%2C+Z%3BZietlow%2C+D%3BBall%2C+J%3BStachnik%2C+J%3BMungov%2C+G%3BSavage%2C+M%3BHammond%2C+K+A+T%3BWallace%2C+L+M%3BBangs%2C+N%3BBell%2C+R+E%3BHenrys%2C+S+A%3BMountjoy%2C+J+J%3BPecher%2C+I+A%3BSilver%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9780478198478&rft.btitle=&rft.title=GNS+Science+Miscellaneous+Series&rft.issn=11772441&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - IODP workshop on Using ocean drilling to unlock the secrets of slow slip events N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science), Lower Hutt, New Zealand N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australasia; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; MOANA Ocean Bottom Seismic Experiment; New Zealand; ocean bottom seismographs; Pacific Ocean; seismic methods; seismographs; South Island; South Pacific; Southwest Pacific; surveys; West Pacific ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Authentication of African green monkey cell lines using human short tandem repeat markers AN - 1024663623; 16863395 AB - Background: Tools for authenticating cell lines are critical for quality control in cell-based biological experiments. Currently there are methods to authenticate human cell lines using short tandem repeat (STR) markers based on the technology and procedures successfully used in the forensic community for human identification, but there are no STR based methods for authenticating nonhuman cell lines to date. There is significant homology between the human and vervet monkey genome and we utilized these similarities to design the first multiplex assay based on human STR markers for vervet cell line identification. Results: The following STR markers were incorporated into the vervet multiplex PCR assay: D17S1304, D5S1467, D19S245, D1S518, D8S1106, D4S2408, D6S1017, and DYS389. The eight markers were successful in uniquely identifying sixty-two vervet monkey DNA samples and confirmed that Vero76 cells and COS-7 cells were derived from Vero and CV-1 cells, respectively. The multiplex assay shows specificity for vervet DNA within the determined allele range for vervet monkeys; however, the primers will also amplify human DNA for each marker resulting in amplicons outside the vervet allele range in several of the loci. The STR markers showed genetic stability in over sixty-nine passages of Vero cells, suggesting low mutation rates in the targeted STR sequences in the Vero cell line. Conclusions: A functional vervet multiplex assay consisting of eight human STR markers with heterozygosity values ranging from 0.53-0.79 was successful in uniquely identifying sixty-two vervet monkey samples. The probability of a random match using these eight markers between any two vervet samples is approximately 1 in 1.9 million. While authenticating a vervet cell line, the multiplex assay may also be a useful indicator for human cell line contamination since the assay is based on human STR markers. JF - BMC Biotechnology AU - Almeida, Jamie L AU - Hill, Carolyn R AU - Cole, Kenneth D AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biochemical Science Division, Bioassay Methods Group, 100 Bureau Drive MS8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 102 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House London W1T 4LB United Kingdom VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1472-6750, 1472-6750 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Short tandem repeats KW - Vero cells KW - Contamination KW - Homology KW - Quality control KW - Forensic science KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - Mutation rates KW - Heterozygosity KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1024663623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Authentication+of+African+green+monkey+cell+lines+using+human+short+tandem+repeat+markers&rft.au=Almeida%2C+Jamie+L%3BHill%2C+Carolyn+R%3BCole%2C+Kenneth+D&rft.aulast=Almeida&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Biotechnology&rft.issn=14726750&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1472-6750-11-102 L2 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/11/102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Short tandem repeats; Homology; Contamination; Vero cells; Quality control; Forensic science; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Mutation rates; Heterozygosity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-11-102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of dynamic threshold in sea and lake ice mapping and monitoring AN - 1024651268; 15163987 AB - Ice detection and monitoring algorithms using visible and infrared images are generally founded on thresholds-based approaches. Classification of features over ice covered sea requires a series of reliable thresholds. The change in surface conditions throughout the season affects these thresholds and makes their adjustment necessary. This study proposes an operational method based on a set of dynamic thresholds for ice and water identification using data from a geostationary satellite. The Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite data has been used. The proposed approach has been tested and validated over the Caspian Sea. Visible, near infrared and thermal infrared channels are being used to automatically create a cloud mask for a single image. The dynamic threshold is being developed to clarify the misclassification of ice and water pixels. The constant and dynamic thresholds have been used in comparison and applied to classification model. Dynamic threshold is used with reflectance channels R01 (0.6 mu ) and R02 (0.8 mu ) and the near infrared channel R03 (1.6 mu ). JF - International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology AU - Nazari, Rouzbeh AU - Khanbilvardi, Reza AD - NOAA-CREST Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA. Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 37 EP - 46 PB - Inderscience Publishers Ltd., PO Box 735 Olney Bucks MK46 5WB United Kingdom VL - 1 IS - 1-2 SN - 2042-7808, 2042-7808 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Reflectance KW - Eurasia, Caspian Sea KW - Algorithms KW - METEOSAT KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Classification KW - Sea Ice KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variability KW - Science and technology KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Geostationary satellites KW - Dynamics KW - Channels KW - Clouds KW - Automated cartography KW - Satellite data KW - Lake ice KW - Sea ice KW - Monitoring KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 556.55:Lakes, Reservoirs, Ponds (556.55) KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1024651268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hydrology+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Application+of+dynamic+threshold+in+sea+and+lake+ice+mapping+and+monitoring&rft.au=Nazari%2C+Rouzbeh%3BKhanbilvardi%2C+Reza&rft.aulast=Nazari&rft.aufirst=Rouzbeh&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Hydrology+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=20427808&rft_id=info:doi/10.1504%2FIJHST.2011.040739 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Automated cartography; Sea ice; Lake ice; Reflectance; Classification; Hydrology; Clouds; Satellite data; Algorithms; Seasonal variability; METEOSAT; Geostationary satellites; Science and technology; Remote Sensing; Channels; Satellite Technology; Hydrologic Models; Sea Ice; Monitoring; Dynamics; Eurasia, Caspian Sea; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJHST.2011.040739 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three Eras Of Survey Research AN - 1023027006; 201224680 AB - Although survey research is a young field relative to many scientific domains, it has already experienced three distinct stages of development. In the first era (1930-1960), the founders of the field invented the basic components of the design of data collection and the tools to produce the statistical information from surveys. As they were inventing the method, they were also building the institutions that conduct surveys in the private, academic, and government sectors. The second era (1960-1990) witnessed a vast growth in the use of the survey method. This growth was aided by the needs of the U.S. federal government to monitor the effects of investments in human and physical infrastructure, the growth of the quantitative social sciences, and the use of quantitative information to study consumer behaviors. The third era (1990 and forward) witnessed the declines in survey participation rates, the growth of alternative modes of data collection, the weakening of sampling frames, and the growth of continuously produced process data from digital systems in all sectors, but especially those emanating from the Internet. Throughout each era, survey research methods adapted to changes in society and exploited new technologies when they proved valuable to the field. Adapted from the source document. JF - Public Opinion Quarterly AU - Groves, Robert M AD - U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, USA Robert.M.Groves@census.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 861 EP - 871 PB - Oxford University Press, Cary NC VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0033-362X, 0033-362X KW - Infrastructure KW - Methodology (Data Collection) KW - Participation KW - Surveys KW - Consumers KW - Federal Government KW - Internet KW - article KW - 0827: mass phenomena; public opinion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1023027006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Three+Eras+Of+Survey+Research&rft.au=Groves%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.issn=0033362X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fpoq%2Fnfr057 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-21 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - POPQAE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methodology (Data Collection); Infrastructure; Federal Government; Internet; Participation; Consumers; Surveys DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfr057 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Opinion Quarterly, 2002-2008: The Disciplines, Technology, And The Publishing Business AN - 1023026374; 201215641 AB - This article, prepared for the 75th-anniversary issue of Public Opinion Quarterly, observes some trends in the articles published in the journal from 2002 to 2008 and examines marked shifts brought about by changes in academic publishing. Methodological publication trends include a major focus on nonresponse in sample surveys and mode of survey administration. Trends in substantive articles include a focus on homosexuality and gay rights, on public opinion-policy linkage, and on historical analysis of public opinion. Changes in publishing led to fully electronic manuscript processing and publication, space for supplementary content, and a fully accessible electronic archive containing all issues of the journal. These developments and a new AAPOR-publisher relationship enable POQ to better fulfill its mission to advance the field of public opinion research. Adapted from the source document. JF - Public Opinion Quarterly AU - Miller, Peter V AD - Center for Survey Measurement, U.S. Census Bureau, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC 20233 peter.miller@census.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 854 EP - 860 PB - Oxford University Press, Cary NC VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0033-362X, 0033-362X KW - Management KW - Public Opinion Research KW - Homosexuality KW - Publications KW - Public Opinion KW - article KW - 9121: political behavior; political behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1023026374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Public+Opinion+Quarterly%2C+2002-2008%3A+The+Disciplines%2C+Technology%2C+And+The+Publishing+Business&rft.au=Miller%2C+Peter+V&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=854&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.issn=0033362X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fpoq%2Fnfr047 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-21 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - POPQAE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public Opinion; Publications; Public Opinion Research; Management; Homosexuality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfr047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat of Hydration for Cement Statistical Modeling AN - 1019642744; 16415796 AB - The heat of hydration of hydraulic cements depends on a complex set of phase dissolution and precipitation reactions following the addition of water. Heat of hydration is currently measured in one of two ways: acid dissolution of the raw cement and a hydrated cement after 7 days or isothermal calorimetry. In principle, the heat of hydration should be predictable from knowledge of the cement composition and perhaps some measure of the cement fineness or total surface area. The improved min-eralogical estimates provided by quantitative X-ray powder diffraction, together with improved statistical data exploration techniques that examine nonlinear combinations of candidate model constituents, were used to explore alternative predictive models for the 7-day heat of hydration. An exploratory tool, called "all possible alternating conditional expectations," was created by combining all possible subsets regression with alternating conditional expectation to judiciously select variables within an explanatory variable class and subsets of variables across explanatory variable classes exhibiting the highest potential predictive power for additive nonlinear models for 7-day heat of hydration. Although a single, strong model for 7-day heat of hydration did not emerge from analyses, general conclusions were drawn. Good-fitting models included a key structural mineralogical phase (belite preferred); calcium sulfate phase (bassan-ite preferred); total fineness or surface area component (Blaine fineness preferred); and ferrite in conjunction with iron oxide, or aluminate, or cubic aluminate. JF - Transportation Research Record AU - Stutzman, Paul AU - Leigh, Stefan AU - Dolly, Kendall AD - Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8615 Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Transportation Research Board IS - 2240 SN - 0361-1981, 0361-1981 KW - Ceramic Abstracts/World Ceramics Abstracts (WC); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aluminium Industry Abstracts (AI) KW - Aluminates KW - Calorimetry KW - Cements KW - Fineness KW - Heat of hydration KW - Mathematical models KW - Nonlinearity KW - Surface area UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1019642744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.atitle=Heat+of+Hydration+for+Cement+Statistical+Modeling&rft.au=Stutzman%2C+Paul%3BLeigh%2C+Stefan%3BDolly%2C+Kendall&rft.aulast=Stutzman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2240&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.issn=03611981&rft_id=info:doi/10.3141%2F2240-01 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2240-01 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Approach to Calibrate the Mortar Flow Table AN - 1019640964; 16415798 AB - The flow table is a standardized test that is widely used to qualify a mortar for compressive strength and air content. The flow table is also the only standard test to quantify the workability of a mortar. Therefore, the calibration of this device is paramount, and it is done today by preparing a reference material consisting of a mixture of silica powder and oil. The two materials are mixed; tests are performed with the use of the reference flow table located in the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory. This flow table is identical to commercial versions currently used, and the values obtained with this flow table are considered the reference values for calibrating flow tables in the United States. This is an empirical procedure and relies heavily on one device that could break or generate results that can drift over time. This study reviewed the manufacturing process of the reference material, provided historical data, and proposed a more scientifically based approach to develop an improved reference material. JF - Transportation Research Record AU - Ferraris, Chiara AU - Azari, Haleh AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8615 Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 16 EP - 21 PB - Transportation Research Board IS - 2240 SN - 0361-1981, 0361-1981 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Calibration KW - Compressive strength KW - Devices KW - Mortars KW - Reference materials KW - Standards KW - Tables (data) KW - Workability UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1019640964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.atitle=New+Approach+to+Calibrate+the+Mortar+Flow+Table&rft.au=Ferraris%2C+Chiara%3BAzari%2C+Haleh&rft.aulast=Ferraris&rft.aufirst=Chiara&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2240&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.issn=03611981&rft_id=info:doi/10.3141%2F2240-03 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2013-05-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2240-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Fargo F5 Tornado of 20 June 1957: Historical Re-Analysis and Overview of the Environmental Conditions AN - 1017984482; 16752900 AB - On the evening of 20 June 1957, an F5 tornado struck the city of Fargo, North Dakota killing 13 people and injuring over 100. This tornado was researched extensively by Dr. Tetsuya Fujita, and became a basis for his creation of the F scale (later developed in 1971) and coining of the phrases wall cloud, collar cloud and tail cloud (Fujita 1960). The Fargo tornado was one in a family of at least five tornadoes produced by a single, long-lived, cyclic supercell. Observational data from 1957 were used to examine the synoptic and mesoscale environment from the perspective of present-day tornado research, with a focus on the possibility of an outflow boundary enhancing the tornado potential near Fargo. Strong instability, strong vertical wind shear, high storm-relative helicity (SRH), favorable storm-relative flow (SRF) and lowered lifted condensation levels (LCLs) seemed to play a pivotal role in the strength and longevity of the tornado. In addition, boundary-layer moisture appeared to be enhanced via evapotranspiration (ET) and moisture convergence. Approximately 200 photographs of the supercell and tornado also provided better insight to the storm-scale environment, which was not well understood in 1957. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Schultz, C J AU - Kellenbenz, D J AU - Finch, J AD - National Weather Service, North Platte, Nebraska, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Moisture KW - Tornadoes KW - Helicity KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Convergence KW - Wind KW - Shear KW - Weather KW - Wind shear KW - Supercells KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Longevity KW - Clouds KW - Vertical wind shear KW - Photographs KW - Boundaries KW - Wall clouds KW - Condensation KW - Environmental conditions KW - Instability KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017984482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=The+Fargo+F5+Tornado+of+20+June+1957%3A+Historical+Re-Analysis+and+Overview+of+the+Environmental+Conditions&rft.au=Schultz%2C+C+J%3BKellenbenz%2C+D+J%3BFinch%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind shear; Tornadoes; Photographs; Evapotranspiration; Environmental conditions; Longevity; Vertical wind shear; Clouds; Helicity; Convergence; Wall clouds; Supercells; Condensation; Instability; Shear; Weather; Moisture; Boundaries; Wind; USA, North Dakota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Examination of the Areal Extent of High Winds Associated with Mountain Waves along the Western Foothills of the Southern Appalachian Mountains AN - 1017984457; 16752897 AB - High winds associated with mountain waves have been found to occur frequently along the western foothills of the southern Appalachian Mountains from November through March. When these high wind events occurred, reports of significant wind damage were normally received from two main areas in east Tennessee: the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Camp Creek community of southeast Greene County. It was not known whether the National Park and the Camp Creek areas were just more reliable at reporting wind damage or actually had stronger winds compared to other areas along the western foothills. Thus, a study was conducted to examine the available observations along the western foothills of the southern Appalachian Mountains to determine the areal extent of these high winds during mountain-wave events. Due to the lack of Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS) and Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) stations in the western foothills, 18 WeatherBug registered and 3 Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) stations were examined on the 52 dates between 1999 and 2007 when mountain-wave-induced warning-level winds were reported at Cove Mountain in the National Park. Although the Cove Mountain site was at a higher elevation than most of the other sites in the western foothills, it was concluded that the higher wind speeds at Cove Mountain were mainly due to its location in the foothills of the highest ridges on the western side of the southern Appalachian Mountains. This conclusion was made because the wind speeds at Cove Mountain were found to be even stronger than those observed at the highest elevation site at Clingmans Dome. It was found that only the Camp Creek site also reported at least advisory-level winds on 87% of the dates that Cove Mountain reported warning-level winds. In addition, it was found that only the Camp Creek, Coker Creek, Shady Valley, and Erwin sites reported warning-level winds on a few of the Cove Mountain dates. The Camp Creek and Coker Creek sites reported warning-level winds on roughly a third of the dates that they were available, while the Shady Valley site reported warning-level winds on roughly a tenth of the dates that it was available. Composite maps of surface isobars, surface isotherms, and 850-mb isotachs from the warning-level wind dates revealed that the warning-level winds at Camp Creek, Coker Creek, and Shady Valley resulted from a stronger low pressure system with stronger 850-mb winds compared to the low that produced warning-level winds at Cove Mountain. Also, weaker cold-air damming on the eastern side of the southern Appalachian Mountains appeared to allow warning-level winds at the Coker Creek and Shady Valley sites, with the weakest cold-air damming observed during the warning-level wind dates at Shady Valley. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Gaffin, D M AD - NOAA/National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office, Morristown, Tennessee, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Meteorological data KW - Mountain waves KW - Automation KW - Streams KW - Lee waves KW - Mountains KW - Wind speed KW - National Parks KW - Waves KW - Low pressure systems KW - Isotherms KW - Wind KW - Weather KW - USA, Great Smoky Mountains Natl. Park KW - Climate KW - Creek KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Wind damage KW - Camp Sites KW - Elevation KW - Q2 09263:Topography and morphology KW - M2 551.556:Wind Effects (551.556) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017984457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=An+Examination+of+the+Areal+Extent+of+High+Winds+Associated+with+Mountain+Waves+along+the+Western+Foothills+of+the+Southern+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=Gaffin%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Gaffin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Climate; Isotherms; Low pressure systems; Creek; Lee waves; Meteorological data; Wind damage; Mountain waves; Mountains; Weather; National Parks; Camp Sites; Elevation; Automation; Waves; Streams; Wind; USA, Tennessee; USA, Great Smoky Mountains Natl. Park ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tropospheric temperature trends: history of an ongoing controversy AN - 1017972412; 16717858 AB - Changes in atmospheric temperature have a particular importance in climate research because climate models consistently predict a distinctive vertical profile of trends. With increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, the surface and troposphere are consistently projected to warm, with an enhancement of that warming in the tropical upper troposphere. Hence, attempts to detect this distinct 'fingerprint' have been a focus for observational studies. The topic acquired heightened importance following the 1990 publication of an analysis of satellite data which challenged the reality of the projected tropospheric warming. This review documents the evolution over the last four decades of understanding of tropospheric temperature trends and their likely causes. Particular focus is given to the difficulty of producing homogenized datasets, with which to derive trends, from both radiosonde and satellite observing systems, because of the many systematic changes over time. The value of multiple independent analyses is demonstrated. Paralleling developments in observational datasets, increased computer power and improved understanding of climate forcing mechanisms have led to refined estimates of temperature trends from a wide range of climate models and a better understanding of internal variability. It is concluded that there is no reasonable evidence of a fundamental disagreement between tropospheric temperature trends from models and observations when uncertainties in both are treated comprehensively. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 66-88 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.80 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website JF - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change AU - Thorne, Peter W AU - Lanzante, John R AU - Peterson, Thomas C AU - Seidel, Dian J AU - Shine, Keith P AD - Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, UK, Peter.Thorne@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 66 EP - 88 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD United Kingdom VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1757-7799, 1757-7799 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Meteorological data KW - radiosondes KW - Climate models KW - Climate change KW - Temperature KW - Remote sensing KW - Troposphere KW - Atmospheric temperature KW - Satellites KW - World Wide Web KW - Satellite data KW - Reviews KW - Global warming KW - Temperature trends KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Tropospheric temperatures KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017972412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Tropospheric+temperature+trends%3A+history+of+an+ongoing+controversy&rft.au=Thorne%2C+Peter+W%3BLanzante%2C+John+R%3BPeterson%2C+Thomas+C%3BSeidel%2C+Dian+J%3BShine%2C+Keith+P&rft.aulast=Thorne&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Climate+Change&rft.issn=17577799&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwcc.80 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.80/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meteorological data; Satellite data; Climate models; Climate change; Global warming; Temperature trends; Greenhouse gases; Tropospheric temperatures; World Wide Web; radiosondes; Reviews; Remote sensing; Temperature; Troposphere; Atmospheric temperature; Satellites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.80 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical considerations for modeling sediment transport dynamics in rivers AN - 1017951182; 2012-051297 AB - Sediment transport dynamics are some of the most important aspects to consider in river restoration and management projects. Restoring a river usually involves the manipulation of its flow conditions, channel cross sections, channel alignment, sediment supply, bed material composition, and riparian conditions, all of which directly or indirectly affect sediment transport dynamics. Because a river will be reshaped through sediment transport process following restoration, a lack of or an inadequate consideration of postrestoration sediment transport dynamics may result in poor performance or failure of the project. Here we discuss some practical considerations in sediment transport modeling as a guide for resource managers overseeing river restoration projects as well as sediment transport practitioners. The discussion is not intended as a "how to" guide or a thorough review of the scientific literature pertaining to sediment transport. Instead, the project examples discussed herein are intended to illustrate some of the lessons learned from our experiences in conducting sediment transport analyses for applied projects. The examples are not necessarily river restoration projects, but the practical considerations discussed should generally apply to any sediment transport analysis, including those for river restoration projects. JF - Geophysical Monograph AU - Cui, Yantao AU - Dusterhoff, Scott R AU - Wooster, John K AU - Downs, Peter W Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 503 EP - 527 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 194 SN - 0065-8448, 0065-8448 KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - sediment transport KW - stream sediments KW - landform evolution KW - rivers and streams KW - rivers KW - models KW - transport KW - streamflow KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - geomorphology KW - fluvial environment KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017951182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Monograph&rft.atitle=Practical+considerations+for+modeling+sediment+transport+dynamics+in+rivers&rft.au=Cui%2C+Yantao%3BDusterhoff%2C+Scott+R%3BWooster%2C+John+K%3BDowns%2C+Peter+W&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.aufirst=Yantao&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=9781118666678&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Monograph&rft.issn=00658448&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GM001008 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - GPMGAD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; fluvial environment; fluvial features; geomorphology; hydrology; landform evolution; models; rivers; rivers and streams; sediment transport; sediments; stream sediments; streamflow; transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GM001008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dust storm over the Black Rock Desert; larger-scale dynamic signatures AN - 1017950389; 2012-051142 AB - A dust storm that originated over the Black Rock Desert (BRD) of northwestern Nevada is investigated. Our primary goal is to more clearly understand the sequence of dynamical processes that generate surface winds responsible for entraining dust from this desert. In addition to reliance on conventional surface and upper-air observations, we make use of reanalysis data sets (NCAR/NCEP and NARR)--blends of primitive equation model forecasts and observations. From these data sets, we obtain the evolution of vertical motion patterns and ageostrophic motions associated with the event. In contrast to earlier studies that have emphasized the importance of indirect transverse circulations about an upper-level jet streak, our results indicate that in this case the transition from an indirect to a direct circulation pattern across the exit region of upper-level jet streak is central to creation of low-level winds that ablate dust from the desert. It is further argued that the transition of vertical circulation patterns is in response to adjustments to geostrophic imbalance--an adjustment time scale of 6-9 h. Although unproven, we suggest that antecedent rainfall over the alkali desert 2 weeks prior to the event was instrumental in lowering the bulk density of sediments and thereby improved the chances for dust ablation by the atmospheric disturbance. We comprehensively compare/contrast our results with those of earlier investigators, and we present an alternative view of key dynamical signatures in atmospheric flow that portend the likelihood of dust storms over the western United States. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Lewis, John M AU - Kaplan, Michael L AU - Vellore, Ramesh AU - Rabin, Robert M AU - Hallett, John AU - Cohn, Stephen A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D06113 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - dust storms KW - North America KW - Black Rock Desert KW - Pershing County Nevada KW - Basin and Range Province KW - clastic sediments KW - northwestern Nevada KW - sedimentation KW - Humboldt County Nevada KW - atmospheric circulation KW - transport KW - Western U.S. KW - dust KW - sediments KW - wind transport KW - terrestrial sedimentation KW - Nevada KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017950389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dust+storm+over+the+Black+Rock+Desert%3B+larger-scale+dynamic+signatures&rft.au=Lewis%2C+John+M%3BKaplan%2C+Michael+L%3BVellore%2C+Ramesh%3BRabin%2C+Robert+M%3BHallett%2C+John%3BCohn%2C+Stephen+A&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD014784 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric circulation; Basin and Range Province; Black Rock Desert; clastic sediments; dust; dust storms; Humboldt County Nevada; Nevada; North America; northwestern Nevada; Pershing County Nevada; sedimentation; sediments; terrestrial sedimentation; transport; United States; Western U.S.; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014784 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Hydrothermal activity and the formation of massive sulfide mineralization at Clark Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand AN - 1008852918; 637158-5 JF - UMI 2011; Marine minerals; recent innovations in technology; 40th annual conference of the Underwater Mining Institute AU - de Ronde, C E J AU - Walker, S L AU - Ditchburn, R G AU - Hannington, M D AU - Baker, E T AU - Massoth, G J AU - Embley, R W AU - Yoerger, D AU - Merle, S G AU - Timm, C AU - Dekov, V M AU - Kamenov, G D AU - Handler, M R Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 4 PB - University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI KW - Kermadec Arc New Zealand KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008852918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef+In+Process&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=de+Ronde%2C+C+E+J%3BWalker%2C+S+L%3BDitchburn%2C+R+G%3BHannington%2C+M+D%3BBaker%2C+E+T%3BMassoth%2C+G+J%3BEmbley%2C+R+W%3BYoerger%2C+D%3BMerle%2C+S+G%3BTimm%2C+C%3BDekov%2C+V+M%3BKamenov%2C+G+D%3BHandler%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=de+Ronde&rft.aufirst=C+E&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Hydrothermal+activity+and+the+formation+of+massive+sulfide+mineralization+at+Clark+Volcano%2C+Kermadec+Arc%2C+New+Zealand&rft.title=Hydrothermal+activity+and+the+formation+of+massive+sulfide+mineralization+at+Clark+Volcano%2C+Kermadec+Arc%2C+New+Zealand&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - UMI 2011; Marine minerals; recent innovations in technology; 40th annual conference of the Underwater Mining Institute N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science), Lower Hutt, New Zealand N1 - PubXState - HI N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probabilistic Approaches to Setting Acceptable Biological Catch and Annual Catch Targets for Multiple Years: Reconciling Methodology with National Standards Guidelines AN - 904466706; 14309112 AB - In U.S. federal fishery management, acceptable biological catch (ABC) is set below (or equal to) the overfishing limit to account for scientific uncertainty, and annual catch targets (ACTs) are set below (or equal to) the ABC to account for implementation uncertainty (i.e., imperfect management control). In previous papers, we discussed probabilistic approaches to setting target and limit reference points for fishery management. Here, we explain how those approaches can be adapted to provide ABCs and ACTs over multiple years and otherwise made consist with recent revisions to the National Standards Guidelines, a part of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations that describes implementation of the Magnuson-Stevens Reauthorization Act. Although described in terms of U.S. fishery management, our methods are sufficiently general for use by researchers in U.S. state agencies or elsewhere in the world. We demonstrate them via an example application to vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens in U.S. Atlantic waters. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Shertzer, Kyle W AU - Prager, Michael H AU - Williams, Erik H AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA Y1 - 2010/12/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Dec 30 SP - 451 EP - 458 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA IS - 2010 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - USA KW - Fishery management KW - Rhomboplites aurorubens KW - Overfishing KW - Coastal fisheries KW - Governments KW - A, Atlantic KW - Methodology KW - Coastal zone management KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904466706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.atitle=Thermal+properties+of+high-volume+fly+ash+mortars+and+concretes&rft.au=Bentz%2C+D+P%3BPeltz%2C+MA%3BDuran-Herrera%2C+A%3BValdez%2C+P%3BJuarez%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.issn=10971963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishery management; Overfishing; Governments; Coastal fisheries; Coastal zone management; Methodology; Rhomboplites aurorubens; USA; A, Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/fidm-02-17-01 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: international production modelling workshop AN - 907153433; 14105712 AB - Understanding the drivers that dictate the productivity of marine ecosystems continues to be a globally important issue. A vast literature identifies three main processes that regulate the production dynamics of such ecosystems: biophysical, exploitative and trophodynamic. Exploring the prominence among this 'triad' of drivers, through a synthetic analysis, is critical for understanding how marine ecosystems function and subsequently produce fisheries resources of interest to humans. To explore this topic further, an international workshop was held on 10-14 May 2010, at the National Academy of Science's Jonsson Center in Woods Hole, MA, USA. The workshop compiled the data required to develop production models at different hierarchical levels (e.g. species, guild, ecosystem) for many of the major Northern Hemisphere marine ecosystems that have supported notable fisheries. Analyses focused on comparable total system biomass production, functionally equivalent species production, or simulation studies for 11 different marine fishery ecosystems. Workshop activities also led to new analytical tools. Preliminary results suggested common patterns driving overall fisheries production in these ecosystems, but also highlighted variation in the relative importance of each among ecosystems. JF - Biology Letters AU - Link, Jason S AU - Megrey, Bernard A AU - Miller, Thomas J AU - Essington, Tim AU - Boldt, Jennifer AU - Bundy, Alida AU - Moksness, Erlend AU - Drinkwater, Ken F AU - Perry, RIan AD - National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, , Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Y1 - 2010/12/23/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Dec 23 SP - 723 EP - 726 PB - Royal Society of London, 6 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG UK VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1744-9561, 1744-9561 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Guilds KW - Data processing KW - Conferences KW - Fisheries KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907153433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+marine+ecosystems%3A+international+production+modelling+workshop&rft.au=Link%2C+Jason+S%3BMegrey%2C+Bernard+A%3BMiller%2C+Thomas+J%3BEssington%2C+Tim%3BBoldt%2C+Jennifer%3BBundy%2C+Alida%3BMoksness%2C+Erlend%3BDrinkwater%2C+Ken+F%3BPerry%2C+RIan&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2010-12-23&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+Letters&rft.issn=17449561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Guilds; Conferences; Fisheries; Marine ecosystems; Biomass; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tooth chipping can reveal the diet and bite forces of fossil hominins AN - 1371766653; 2013-050898 AB - Mammalian tooth enamel is often chipped, providing clear evidence for localized contacts with large hard food objects. Here, we apply a simple fracture equation to estimate peak bite forces directly from chip size. Many fossil hominins exhibit antemortem chips on their posterior teeth, indicating their use of high bite forces. The inference that these species must have consumed large hard foods such as seeds is supported by the occurrence of similar chips among known modern-day seed predators such as orangutans and peccaries. The existence of tooth chip signatures also provides a way of identifying the consumption of rarely eaten foods that dental microwear and isotopic analysis are unlikely to detect. JF - Biology Letters AU - Constantino, Paul J AU - Lee, James J W AU - Chai, Herzl AU - Zipfel, Bernhard AU - Ziscovici, Charles AU - Lawn, Brian R AU - Lucas, Peter W Y1 - 2010/12/23/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Dec 23 SP - 826 EP - 829 PB - Royal Society, London VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1744-9561, 1744-9561 KW - Chordata KW - modern analogs KW - diet KW - living taxa KW - Paranthropus KW - enamel KW - biomechanics KW - Australopithecus KW - Mammalia KW - feeding KW - Homo KW - Australopithecinae KW - teeth KW - Primates KW - Hominidae KW - Theria KW - cracks KW - Vertebrata KW - Eutheria KW - Tetrapoda KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1371766653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Tooth+chipping+can+reveal+the+diet+and+bite+forces+of+fossil+hominins&rft.au=Constantino%2C+Paul+J%3BLee%2C+James+J+W%3BChai%2C+Herzl%3BZipfel%2C+Bernhard%3BZiscovici%2C+Charles%3BLawn%2C+Brian+R%3BLucas%2C+Peter+W&rft.aulast=Constantino&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-12-23&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+Letters&rft.issn=17449561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frsbl.2010.0304 L2 - http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Royal Society, London, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article; NSF grants 0851351 and 0725122 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australopithecinae; Australopithecus; biomechanics; Chordata; cracks; diet; enamel; Eutheria; feeding; Hominidae; Homo; living taxa; Mammalia; modern analogs; Paranthropus; Primates; teeth; Tetrapoda; Theria; Vertebrata DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0304 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. [Part 2 of 2] T2 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. AN - 873129345; 14746-6_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The assessment of a proposed 10-year plan for Navy training and Navy research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) activities, and associated range capabilities enhancements in the Gulf of Mexico Range Complex (GOMEX) is presented. GOMEX encompasses offshore operating areas, inland ranges, and associated airspace within the Gulf of Mexico and the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The GOMEX encompasses 17,440 square nautical miles of offshore surface and subsurface operating areas and 12,072 square nautical miles of shallow ocean area less than 600 feet deep. These offshore operating areas include overlying special use airspace called warning areas. The GOMEX also encompasses 19.8 square miles of land area, including two land targets (McMullen County Range and Noxubee County Range) and the associated restricted airspace. In addition, the complex includes several high altitude overland airspace areas known as military operating areas. Finally, the complex includes several other training areas, including the Naval Air Station Panama City Demolition Pond and the Western Maneuver Area at the Stennis Space Center. The complex would host research and training activities in all eight functional areas associated with Navy primary mission areas, specifically, air warfare, strike warfare, mine warfare, amphibious warfare, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, electronic combat, and naval special warfare. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to potential impacts on commercial shipping, the tourism industry, marine mammals and essential fish habitat, coastal zones, and submerged cultural resources. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative which would perpetuate current training activities within GOMEX, are considered in this final EIS. The preferred alternative (Alternative 2) would significantly expand training and RDT&E activities throughout GOMEX in response to the recently developed Fleet Response Training Plan. Training modifications would include conducting new unit level training associated with Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-204 air-to-surface bomb training and elimination of mine warfare training within the GOMEX. The use of high explosive (HE) bombs during most major exercise air-to-surface bombing events would be eliminated in favor of non-explosive practice munition bombs. Under Alternative 2, four HE bombs would be used during one unit level training event. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the 10-year plan would help achieve and maintain fleet readiness by upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities to enhance Navy training and RDT&E activities. The Navy could continue to effectively counter the array of threats it faces by bringing together thousands of sailors and marines, their equipment, vehicles, ships, and aircraft for training purposes within the GOMEX. The complex would also support joint training operations with other branches of the U.S. military and with the military of U.S. allies. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Continued environmental and/or social stressors resulting from operations within GOMEX would include vessel movement disturbance; towed mine warfare devices; aircraft noise, including sonic booms; explosion of high-explosive ordnance; disturbances caused by the use of non-explosive munitions; and detritus from expended material. The use of explosive munitions would release toxins into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Underwater explosions and the use of sonar could affect the directional abilities of marine mammals, and a number of the animals would be injured or killed due to collisions with vessels. Explosives and ship movements would also place sea turtles at risk, including endangered species. Restrictions on airspace and Gulf operating areas would prevent the use of these areas by other transportation interests during operations, though such operations would invariably be of short duration. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0012D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100476, Final EIS--944 pages and Appendices--436 pages on CD-ROM, December 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety Analyses KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Transportation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alabama KW - Florida KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Texas KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.title=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, United States Fleet Forces, Norfolk, Virginia; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. [Part 1 of 2] T2 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. AN - 873129025; 14746-6_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The assessment of a proposed 10-year plan for Navy training and Navy research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) activities, and associated range capabilities enhancements in the Gulf of Mexico Range Complex (GOMEX) is presented. GOMEX encompasses offshore operating areas, inland ranges, and associated airspace within the Gulf of Mexico and the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The GOMEX encompasses 17,440 square nautical miles of offshore surface and subsurface operating areas and 12,072 square nautical miles of shallow ocean area less than 600 feet deep. These offshore operating areas include overlying special use airspace called warning areas. The GOMEX also encompasses 19.8 square miles of land area, including two land targets (McMullen County Range and Noxubee County Range) and the associated restricted airspace. In addition, the complex includes several high altitude overland airspace areas known as military operating areas. Finally, the complex includes several other training areas, including the Naval Air Station Panama City Demolition Pond and the Western Maneuver Area at the Stennis Space Center. The complex would host research and training activities in all eight functional areas associated with Navy primary mission areas, specifically, air warfare, strike warfare, mine warfare, amphibious warfare, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, electronic combat, and naval special warfare. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to potential impacts on commercial shipping, the tourism industry, marine mammals and essential fish habitat, coastal zones, and submerged cultural resources. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative which would perpetuate current training activities within GOMEX, are considered in this final EIS. The preferred alternative (Alternative 2) would significantly expand training and RDT&E activities throughout GOMEX in response to the recently developed Fleet Response Training Plan. Training modifications would include conducting new unit level training associated with Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-204 air-to-surface bomb training and elimination of mine warfare training within the GOMEX. The use of high explosive (HE) bombs during most major exercise air-to-surface bombing events would be eliminated in favor of non-explosive practice munition bombs. Under Alternative 2, four HE bombs would be used during one unit level training event. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the 10-year plan would help achieve and maintain fleet readiness by upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities to enhance Navy training and RDT&E activities. The Navy could continue to effectively counter the array of threats it faces by bringing together thousands of sailors and marines, their equipment, vehicles, ships, and aircraft for training purposes within the GOMEX. The complex would also support joint training operations with other branches of the U.S. military and with the military of U.S. allies. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Continued environmental and/or social stressors resulting from operations within GOMEX would include vessel movement disturbance; towed mine warfare devices; aircraft noise, including sonic booms; explosion of high-explosive ordnance; disturbances caused by the use of non-explosive munitions; and detritus from expended material. The use of explosive munitions would release toxins into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Underwater explosions and the use of sonar could affect the directional abilities of marine mammals, and a number of the animals would be injured or killed due to collisions with vessels. Explosives and ship movements would also place sea turtles at risk, including endangered species. Restrictions on airspace and Gulf operating areas would prevent the use of these areas by other transportation interests during operations, though such operations would invariably be of short duration. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0012D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100476, Final EIS--944 pages and Appendices--436 pages on CD-ROM, December 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety Analyses KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Transportation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alabama KW - Florida KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Texas KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.title=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, United States Fleet Forces, Norfolk, Virginia; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. AN - 16369150; 14746 AB - PURPOSE: The assessment of a proposed 10-year plan for Navy training and Navy research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) activities, and associated range capabilities enhancements in the Gulf of Mexico Range Complex (GOMEX) is presented. GOMEX encompasses offshore operating areas, inland ranges, and associated airspace within the Gulf of Mexico and the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The GOMEX encompasses 17,440 square nautical miles of offshore surface and subsurface operating areas and 12,072 square nautical miles of shallow ocean area less than 600 feet deep. These offshore operating areas include overlying special use airspace called warning areas. The GOMEX also encompasses 19.8 square miles of land area, including two land targets (McMullen County Range and Noxubee County Range) and the associated restricted airspace. In addition, the complex includes several high altitude overland airspace areas known as military operating areas. Finally, the complex includes several other training areas, including the Naval Air Station Panama City Demolition Pond and the Western Maneuver Area at the Stennis Space Center. The complex would host research and training activities in all eight functional areas associated with Navy primary mission areas, specifically, air warfare, strike warfare, mine warfare, amphibious warfare, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, electronic combat, and naval special warfare. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to potential impacts on commercial shipping, the tourism industry, marine mammals and essential fish habitat, coastal zones, and submerged cultural resources. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative which would perpetuate current training activities within GOMEX, are considered in this final EIS. The preferred alternative (Alternative 2) would significantly expand training and RDT&E activities throughout GOMEX in response to the recently developed Fleet Response Training Plan. Training modifications would include conducting new unit level training associated with Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-204 air-to-surface bomb training and elimination of mine warfare training within the GOMEX. The use of high explosive (HE) bombs during most major exercise air-to-surface bombing events would be eliminated in favor of non-explosive practice munition bombs. Under Alternative 2, four HE bombs would be used during one unit level training event. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the 10-year plan would help achieve and maintain fleet readiness by upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities to enhance Navy training and RDT&E activities. The Navy could continue to effectively counter the array of threats it faces by bringing together thousands of sailors and marines, their equipment, vehicles, ships, and aircraft for training purposes within the GOMEX. The complex would also support joint training operations with other branches of the U.S. military and with the military of U.S. allies. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Continued environmental and/or social stressors resulting from operations within GOMEX would include vessel movement disturbance; towed mine warfare devices; aircraft noise, including sonic booms; explosion of high-explosive ordnance; disturbances caused by the use of non-explosive munitions; and detritus from expended material. The use of explosive munitions would release toxins into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Underwater explosions and the use of sonar could affect the directional abilities of marine mammals, and a number of the animals would be injured or killed due to collisions with vessels. Explosives and ship movements would also place sea turtles at risk, including endangered species. Restrictions on airspace and Gulf operating areas would prevent the use of these areas by other transportation interests during operations, though such operations would invariably be of short duration. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0012D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100476, Final EIS--944 pages and Appendices--436 pages on CD-ROM, December 16, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety Analyses KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Transportation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alabama KW - Florida KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Texas KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16369150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.title=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, United States Fleet Forces, Norfolk, Virginia; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topological analysis of the ecological importance of elasmobranch fishes: A food web study on the Gulf of Tortugas, Colombia AN - 807294134; 13890382 AB - We built a trophic network based on a matrix of interspecific trophic relationships to assess the role of elasmobranch fishes in shaping community structure of the Gulf of Tortugas in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. We analyzed diet similarities to define trophic components (nodes) - rather than taxonomical groups - in the network. We evaluated the ecological function of species or trophic entities through topological analysis of their structural importance in trophic networks by applying one local and several mesoscale network indices. We found that top predatory elasmobranchs play an important ecological role in top-down control and in propagating indirect effects through the system owing to high values of the node degree, centrality and topological importance indices. However, invertebrates and teleost fishes had higher connectivity and topological importance than other elasmobranchs in the network before and after removal of top predators from the system. Results from our study thus suggest that elasmobranchs at intermediate trophic levels - commonly referred to as "mesopredators" - are not so important in all complex coastal ecosystems as previously reported. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Navia, Andres F AU - Cortes, Enric AU - Mejia-Falla, Paola A AD - Fundacion Colombiana para la Investigacion y Conservacion de Tiburones y Rayas, SQUALUS, Carrera 79 No 6-37, Cali, Colombia, enric.cortes@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Dec 15 SP - 2918 EP - 2926 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 221 IS - 24 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Sharks KW - Skates KW - Rays KW - Food webs KW - Key species KW - Mesopredators KW - ASW, Colombia KW - Predators KW - trophic relationships KW - Trophic relationships KW - invertebrates KW - Pisces KW - Marine fish KW - food webs KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Teleostei KW - Trophic levels KW - predators KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Oceans KW - Fish KW - Nodes KW - Elasmobranchii KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807294134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Defining+Essential+Fish+Habitat+for+Atka+Mackerel+with+Respect+to+Feeding+within+and+Adjacent+to+Aleutian+Islands+Trawl+Exclusion+Zones&rft.au=Rand%2C+Kimberly+M%3BLowe%2C+Sandra+A&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15427951.2010.558402 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Community composition; Trophic relationships; Food webs; Diets; Mathematical models; Community structure; Oceans; Predators; Nodes; Trophic levels; Fish; trophic relationships; food webs; invertebrates; predators; Pisces; Elasmobranchii; Teleostei; ASW, Colombia; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.006 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 8 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873127459; 14738-8_0008 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 7 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873127453; 14738-8_0007 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 1 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126989; 14738-8_0001 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 5 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126419; 14738-8_0005 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 4 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126412; 14738-8_0004 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 3 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126409; 14738-8_0003 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 2 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126377; 14738-8_0002 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 9 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126212; 14738-8_0009 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 9 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 848819093; 14738 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/848819093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 53 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129804; 14730-0_0053 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 53 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 52 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129774; 14730-0_0052 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 52 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 51 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129753; 14730-0_0051 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 51 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 50 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129726; 14730-0_0050 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 50 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 49 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129698; 14730-0_0049 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 49 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 40 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129658; 14730-0_0040 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 40 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 38 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129620; 14730-0_0038 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 38 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 30 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129573; 14730-0_0030 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 30 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 29 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129545; 14730-0_0029 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 29 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 28 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129508; 14730-0_0028 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 28 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 27 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129465; 14730-0_0027 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 27 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 24 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129430; 14730-0_0024 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 24 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 19 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129400; 14730-0_0019 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 19 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 48 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129324; 14730-0_0048 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 48 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 47 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129257; 14730-0_0047 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 47 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 54 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129214; 14730-0_0054 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 54 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 44 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129212; 14730-0_0044 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 44 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 42 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129153; 14730-0_0042 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 42 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 41 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129127; 14730-0_0041 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 41 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 37 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129106; 14730-0_0037 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 37 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 36 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129081; 14730-0_0036 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 36 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 32 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129056; 14730-0_0032 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 32 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 31 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129037; 14730-0_0031 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 31 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 23 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129005; 14730-0_0023 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 23 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 57 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128971; 14730-0_0057 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 57 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 22 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128967; 14730-0_0022 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 22 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 21 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128942; 14730-0_0021 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 21 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 56 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128933; 14730-0_0056 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 56 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 26 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128912; 14730-0_0026 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 26 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 25 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128895; 14730-0_0025 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 25 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 59 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128805; 14730-0_0059 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 59 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 58 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128786; 14730-0_0058 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 58 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 7 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128703; 14730-0_0007 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 46 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128696; 14730-0_0046 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 46 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 45 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128668; 14730-0_0045 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 45 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 62 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128652; 14730-0_0062 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 62 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 60 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128636; 14730-0_0060 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 60 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 61 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128626; 14730-0_0061 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 61 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 18 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128597; 14730-0_0018 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 18 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 55 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128578; 14730-0_0055 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 55 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 43 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128528; 14730-0_0043 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 43 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 39 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128498; 14730-0_0039 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 39 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 35 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128478; 14730-0_0035 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 35 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 34 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128466; 14730-0_0034 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 34 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 33 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128432; 14730-0_0033 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 33 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 10 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128328; 14730-0_0010 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 10 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 9 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128321; 14730-0_0009 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 9 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 8 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128309; 14730-0_0008 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 14 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128259; 14730-0_0014 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 14 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 13 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128168; 14730-0_0013 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 13 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 1 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128149; 14730-0_0001 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 12 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127974; 14730-0_0012 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 12 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 11 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127968; 14730-0_0011 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 11 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 3 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127962; 14730-0_0003 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 2 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127952; 14730-0_0002 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 20 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127936; 14730-0_0020 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 20 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 5 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127932; 14730-0_0005 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 4 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127925; 14730-0_0004 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 15 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127786; 14730-0_0015 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 15 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 6 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127632; 14730-0_0006 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 17 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127621; 14730-0_0017 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 17 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 16 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127612; 14730-0_0016 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 16 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 89 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127581; 14730-0_0089 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 89 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 88 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127572; 14730-0_0088 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 88 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 87 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127561; 14730-0_0087 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 87 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 80 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127553; 14730-0_0080 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 80 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 79 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127540; 14730-0_0079 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 79 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 78 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127527; 14730-0_0078 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 78 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 66 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127517; 14730-0_0066 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 66 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 65 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127503; 14730-0_0065 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 65 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 64 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127490; 14730-0_0064 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 64 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 63 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127481; 14730-0_0063 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 63 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 77 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127173; 14730-0_0077 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 77 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 76 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127167; 14730-0_0076 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 76 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 75 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127162; 14730-0_0075 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 75 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 72 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127151; 14730-0_0072 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 72 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 71 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127145; 14730-0_0071 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 71 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 70 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127136; 14730-0_0070 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 70 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 82 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127045; 14730-0_0082 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 82 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 81 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127033; 14730-0_0081 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 81 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 69 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127022; 14730-0_0069 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 69 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 68 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127013; 14730-0_0068 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 68 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 67 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127002; 14730-0_0067 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 67 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 74 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126628; 14730-0_0074 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 74 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 73 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126615; 14730-0_0073 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 73 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 86 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126513; 14730-0_0086 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 86 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 85 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126502; 14730-0_0085 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 85 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 84 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126470; 14730-0_0084 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 84 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 83 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126452; 14730-0_0083 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 83 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 16373193; 14730 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CHARACTERIZATION OF CORAL COMMUNITIES AT ROSE ATOLL, AMERICAN SAMOA AN - 926908232; 16380369 AB - To manage resources and interpret ecosystem changes, reef managers benefit from access to the best available scientific data and analyses. Scientific knowledge of the coral communities at Rose Atoll in the central South Pacific has grown since the first visit by scientists in 1839, as has anthropogenic damage, most notably that from a ship grounding and accompanying chemical release in 1993. Given the challenges of operating in this remote, uninhabited location, marine survey activity since that time largely focused on the areas most heavily impacted by the grounding events. Here, we apply multivariate statistical analyses to data acquired in 2002 and 2004 from several complementary survey methods that operate at different scales of spatial and taxonomic resolution to characterize the coral communities at Rose Atoll in relationship to strata defined by habitat, geographic sector, and depth zone. The southeast sector of the fore reef is distinguished from other fore-reef sectors in several analyses, which likely reflects the response of the benthic biota to prevailing trade-wind-driven seas and large waves arriving from the southeast. The southwest fore-reef sector is also distinguished in several analyses; recovery of corals after injury from the vessel grounding on the southwest arm of the fore reef is documented and the special role of pocilloporids in the recovery is highlighted. Coral diversity at Rose Atoll is low compared to larger high volcanic islands to the west in the Samoan Archipelago but is high compared to adjacent atolls and reef islands to the north and east (Tokelau and southern Line Islands) where data are available. We provide a list of 143 anthozoan and hydrozoan corals observed at Rose Atoll during survey activities since 1994. Our spatially widespread surveys that generate independent metrics of benthic cover and coral abundance collectively provide the most comprehensive description of coral communities at Rose Atoll produced to date, which can serve as an important baseline in assessing the direction and pace of future changes. JF - Atoll Research Bulletin AU - Kenyon, J C AU - Maragos, JE AU - Cooper, S AD - Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii and NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96814, USA, Jean.Kenyon@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1 EP - 28 VL - 586 SN - 0077-5630, 0077-5630 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Biological surveys KW - ISE, Pacific, American Samoa KW - Reefs KW - Resource management KW - IS, South Pacific KW - Data processing KW - Volcanic islands KW - Injuries KW - Groundings KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Environmental impact KW - Archipelagoes KW - Wave reflection KW - Atolls KW - Habitat KW - Islands KW - ISE, Pacific, American Samoa, Rose Atoll KW - Coral reefs KW - Corals KW - Waves KW - Canada, British Columbia, Reef I. KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926908232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.atitle=CHARACTERIZATION+OF+CORAL+COMMUNITIES+AT+ROSE+ATOLL%2C+AMERICAN+SAMOA&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+J+C%3BMaragos%2C+JE%3BCooper%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=586&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.issn=00775630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Resource management; Volcanic islands; Groundings; Ecological distribution; Coral reefs; Environmental impact; Archipelagoes; Wave reflection; Reefs; Data processing; Islands; Injuries; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Waves; Corals; Habitat; Atolls; ISE, Pacific, American Samoa; IS, South Pacific; ISE, Pacific, American Samoa, Rose Atoll; Canada, British Columbia, Reef I. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CHARACTERIZATION OF CORAL COMMUNITIES AT KINGMAN REEF IN THE REMOTE CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN AN - 926908226; 16380367 AB - Kingman Reef, an atoll in the northern Line Islands of the central Pacific, is among the last of the remote locations in the U.S. Pacific to be scientifically explored underwater, and previously published surveys of its benthic reef communities have been limited to the seaward- facing fore-reef habitat. Here, we apply multivariate statistical analyses to data acquired in 2004 from several complementary survey methods that operate at different scales of spatial and taxonomic resolution to characterize the coral communities in 5 habitats, 3 of which are further stratified by geographic sector or depth zone. Coral cover is highest in the small lagoon pool inside the southeast vertex of the perimeter reef, followed by the fore reef, patch reefs, reef flat, and lagoon slope. Benthic communities are more highly variable on the fore reef, but the coral cover and colony abundances are less dominated by a few key genera than in other habitats. While the relative representation of coral taxa varies among habitats, Porites, Fungia, Pocillopora, Sinularia, Turbinaria, Acropora, and Favia all contribute > 10% of the total coral cover in at least one habitat. We provide a list of 188 anthozoan and hydrozoan corals observed at Kingman Reef during survey activities since the year 2000. Coral diversity at Kingman is similar to that at Palmyra Atoll to the south but is high compared to other adjacent atolls and reef islands to the south and west (Phoenix and Line Islands) where data are available. Our spatially widespread surveys that generate independent metrics of benthic cover and coral abundance collectively provide the most comprehensive description of coral communities at Kingman Reef produced to date and also provide an important record by which to monitor the response of this community to changing ocean conditions. JF - Atoll Research Bulletin AU - Kenyon, J C AU - Maragos, JE AU - Wilkinson, C B AD - Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, Hawai'i 96814, USA, Jean.Kenyon@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1 EP - 29 VL - 584 SN - 0077-5630, 0077-5630 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Reefs KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Fungia KW - Genetic diversity KW - Sinularia KW - Lagoons KW - Identification keys KW - Colonies KW - Islands KW - Acropora KW - Favia KW - Turbinaria KW - I, Pacific KW - Syria, Palmyra KW - Corals KW - Canada, British Columbia, Reef I. KW - Porites KW - Biological surveys KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - I, Central Pacific KW - Data processing KW - Habitat KW - Atolls KW - USA KW - Oceans KW - Coral reefs KW - Pocillopora KW - Benthos KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926908226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.atitle=CHARACTERIZATION+OF+CORAL+COMMUNITIES+AT+KINGMAN+REEF+IN+THE+REMOTE+CENTRAL+PACIFIC+OCEAN&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+J+C%3BMaragos%2C+JE%3BWilkinson%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=584&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.issn=00775630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Biological surveys; Coral reefs; Genetic diversity; Identification keys; Lagoons; Benthos; Reefs; Colonies; Data processing; Islands; Oceans; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Corals; Atolls; Habitat; Porites; Acropora; Turbinaria; Favia; Pocillopora; Fungia; Sinularia; I, Central Pacific; USA; I, Pacific; Syria, Palmyra; Canada, British Columbia, Reef I.; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly AN - 920804444; 16172769 AB - Murawski, S. A. 2010. Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1830-1840.Recovery of depleted fish populations has become an important theme in national and international negotiations and commitments regarding sustainability. Although up to 63% of fish stocks worldwide may be in need of rebuilding, only 1% are currently classified as "rebuilding", and fewer yet have been "rebuilt". Recent history in stock recovery provides a rich source of examples of rebuilding plans across a spectrum of execution ("good", "bad", "ugly", and "in progress"). Of 24 depleted stocks with formal plans that successfully reduced the fishing mortality, all but one exhibited signs of recovery. The median instantaneous annual rate of biomass recovery (0.16) was similar to the rate of depletion (-0.14) experienced, but stocks with more vulnerable life histories recovered substantially slower than they had been depleted. Most successful rebuilding programmes have incorporated substantial, measurable reductions in fishing mortality at the onset, rather than relying on incremental small reductions over time. A particularly vexing issue is the differential pace of recovery among relatively productive and unproductive components of mixed-species fisheries. Rebuilding the majority of stocks classified worldwide as "overfished" will take a more effective, consistent, and politically supported stock-recovery paradigm, if society is eventually to meet its articulated sustainability goals for global fisheries. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Murawski, Steven A AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East West Highway, SSMC3-14659, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; , steve.murawski@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1830 EP - 1840 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - fishery depletion KW - fishery rebuilding plans KW - overfishing definitions KW - recovery plans KW - stock recovery KW - sustainable fisheries KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Historical account KW - Resource management KW - life history KW - Sustainable development KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Depleted stocks KW - Stocks KW - Fish KW - sustainability KW - vulnerability KW - Fishing mortality KW - fishing KW - Vulnerability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920804444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Rebuilding+depleted+fish+stocks%3A+the+good%2C+the+bad%2C+and%2C+mostly%2C+the+ugly&rft.au=Murawski%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=Murawski&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Fishery management; Depleted stocks; Sustainable development; Stocks; Fishing mortality; Vulnerability; Historical account; Mortality; Fisheries; life history; vulnerability; sustainability; Fish; fishing; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq125 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific) AN - 920795686; 16172750 AB - DiCosimo, J., Methot, R. D., and Ormseth, O. A. 2010. Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific). - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1861-1865.In total, 41 fish stocks in US ocean waters continue to be fished at unsustainable levels, and 46 fish stocks are overfished. In 2006, the US Congress required the implementation of annual catch limits (ACLs) and accountability measures by 2010 to prevent overfishing, and by 2011 to recover overfished stocks. These requirements were modelled on the existing management system for Northeast Pacific groundfish, where more than 20 fish stocks and assemblages have been managed sustainably for 30 years. Science-based overfishing levels and acceptable biological catches (ABCs) have been implemented for each stock or assemblage, with buffers between the two to avoid overfishing. Total allowable catches are set at or below the acceptable biological catch. Suballocations of quotas by season, area, and gear type, along with in-season fishery closures based on extensive observer coverage and vessel monitoring, ensure that quotas are not exceeded. To comply with ACL requirements, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council has defined ABC as an ACL. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ACLs for successful management of Northeast Pacific groundfish, suggesting that their use in other US fisheries might reduce the risk of overfishing and enhance the recovery of overfished stocks. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - DiCosimo, Jane AU - Methot, Richard D AU - Ormseth, Olav A AD - 1 North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 West 4th Avenue, Suite 306, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA, jane.dicosimo@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1861 EP - 1865 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - acceptable biological catch KW - accountability measures KW - annual catch limits KW - depletion KW - fisheries management KW - overfishing level KW - total allowable catch KW - Resource management KW - Fishing vessels KW - Islands KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Total allowable catch KW - Marine KW - Ice KW - catches KW - Congress KW - Overfishing KW - resource exploitation KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - overfishing KW - IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Oceans KW - councils KW - Depleted stocks KW - Season regulations KW - Quota regulations KW - Fish KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q4 27790:Fish KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920795686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Use+of+annual+catch+limits+to+avoid+stock+depletion+in+the+Bering+Sea+and+Aleutian+Islands+management+area+%28Northeast+Pacific%29&rft.au=DiCosimo%2C+Jane%3BMethot%2C+Richard+D%3BOrmseth%2C+Olav+A&rft.aulast=DiCosimo&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq060 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishing vessels; Resource management; Fishery management; Season regulations; Depleted stocks; Overfishing; Quota regulations; Total allowable catch; Ice; Islands; Oceans; Fisheries; catches; overfishing; Congress; councils; Fish; resource exploitation; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific; IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq060 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of tooth enamel in great apes AN - 918067533; 16182205 AB - A comparative study has been made of human and great ape molar tooth enamel. Nanoindentation techniques are used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer tooth surface. The measured data profiles overlap between species, suggesting a degree of commonality in material properties. Using established deformation and fracture relations, critical loads to produce function-threatening damage in the enamel of each species are calculated for characteristic tooth sizes and enamel thicknesses. The results suggest that differences in load-bearing capacity of molar teeth in primates are less a function of underlying material properties than of morphology. JF - Acta Biomaterialia AU - Lee, James J-W AU - Morris, Dylan AU - Constantino, Paul J AU - Lucas, Peter W AU - Smith, Tanya M AU - Lawn, Brian R AD - Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, james.lee@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 4560 EP - 4565 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1742-7061, 1742-7061 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Enamel KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Hardness KW - Fracture KW - Tooth mechanics KW - Teeth KW - Data processing KW - Molars KW - Fractures KW - Primates KW - Dental enamel KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918067533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Biomaterialia&rft.atitle=Properties+of+tooth+enamel+in+great+apes&rft.au=Lee%2C+James+J-W%3BMorris%2C+Dylan%3BConstantino%2C+Paul+J%3BLucas%2C+Peter+W%3BSmith%2C+Tanya+M%3BLawn%2C+Brian+R&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Biomaterialia&rft.issn=17427061&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.actbio.2010.07.023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Teeth; Data processing; Molars; Fractures; Dental enamel; Mechanical properties; Primates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaches to Studying Climatic Change and its Role on the Habitat Selection of Antarctic Pinnipeds AN - 918065544; 16140528 AB - Top predators integrate resources over time and space, and depending on the particular species they represent, different components of the marine environment. The habitat utilization of top predators has been studied using electronic tags to follow their movements and foraging behavior. In addition, these tags provide information on the physical characteristics of the water column (temperature and salinity) at a scale and resolution that is coincident with the animals' behavior. In addition to data on the animals' behavior, these tags provide physical oceanographic data in regions or at times they cannot be collected using other currently available technologies. These data inform us on how these important top predators are likely to respond to climatic change, as well as about how the Southern Ocean is changing. JF - Integrative and Comparative Biology AU - Costa, Daniel P AU - Huckstadt, Luis A AU - Crocker, Daniel E AU - McDonald, Birgitte I AU - Goebel, Michael E AU - Fedak, Michael A AD - *Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; super()Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA; super()Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-NMFS 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA; super()Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland 1, costa@biology.ucsc.edu Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1018 EP - 1030 PB - Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 1540-7063, 1540-7063 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - foraging behavior KW - Climatic changes KW - Climate change KW - Pinnipedia KW - Predators KW - Habitat selection KW - Water column KW - Salinity KW - Marine environment KW - Salinity effects KW - Habitat utilization KW - Marine KW - Physical characteristics KW - Foraging behavior KW - Data processing KW - Water temperature KW - Biotelemetry KW - Tracking KW - predators KW - Tags KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Oceans KW - Marine mammals KW - habitat selection KW - PS, Antarctic Ocean KW - water column KW - Technology KW - Oceanographic data KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - Y 25030:Foraging and Ingestion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918065544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrative+and+Comparative+Biology&rft.atitle=Approaches+to+Studying+Climatic+Change+and+its+Role+on+the+Habitat+Selection+of+Antarctic+Pinnipeds&rft.au=Costa%2C+Daniel+P%3BHuckstadt%2C+Luis+A%3BCrocker%2C+Daniel+E%3BMcDonald%2C+Birgitte+I%3BGoebel%2C+Michael+E%3BFedak%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Integrative+and+Comparative+Biology&rft.issn=15407063&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficb%2Ficq054 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foraging behaviour; Tags; Marine mammals; Climate change; Habitat selection; Tracking; Biotelemetry; Oceanographic data; Foraging behavior; Physical characteristics; Data processing; Marine environment; Salinity effects; Oceans; Climatic changes; Habitat utilization; Predators; Water temperature; Water column; Salinity; foraging behavior; habitat selection; water column; Technology; predators; Pinnipedia; PS, Antarctic Ocean; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq054 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Melting point equations for the ternary system water/sodium chloride/ethylene glycol revisited AN - 918042745; 14197833 AB - Partial phase diagrams are of considerable utility in the development of optimized cryobiological procedures. Recent theoretical predictions of the melting points of ternary solutions of interest to cryobiology have caused us to re-examine measurements that our group made for the ethylene-glycol-sodium chloride-water phase diagram. Here we revisit our previous experiments by measuring melting points at five ethylene-glycol to sodium chloride ratios (R values; R=5, 10, 15, 30, and 45) and five levels of concentration for each ratio. Melting points were averaged from three measurements and plotted as a function of total solute concentration for each R value studied. The new measurements differed from our original experimental values and agreed with predicted values from both theoretical models. Additionally, the data were fit to the polynomial described in our previous report and the resulting equation was obtained: T m = ( 38.3 - 2.145 A- 10 - 1 R ) w + ( 81.19 - 2.909 A- 10 - 1 R ) w 2 , where w is the total solute mass fraction. This new equation provided good fits to the experimental data as well as published values and relates the determined polynomial constants to the R value of the corresponding isopleths of the three dimensional phase diagram, allowing the liquidus curve for any R value to be obtained. JF - Cryobiology AU - Benson, James D AU - Bagchi, Aniruddha AU - Han, Xu AU - Critser, John K AU - Woods, Erik J AD - Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA, Erik@gnrlbiotech.com Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 352 EP - 356 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0011-2240, 0011-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Melting KW - Solutes KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Ethylene glycol KW - Sodium chloride KW - Models KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918042745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryobiology&rft.atitle=Melting+point+equations+for+the+ternary+system+water%2Fsodium+chloride%2Fethylene+glycol+revisited&rft.au=Benson%2C+James+D%3BBagchi%2C+Aniruddha%3BHan%2C+Xu%3BCritser%2C+John+K%3BWoods%2C+Erik+J&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryobiology&rft.issn=00112240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cryobiol.2010.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Melting; Solutes; Data processing; Mathematical models; Ethylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.10.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USING DUAL-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR (DIDSON) TO ESTIMATE ADULT STEELHEAD ESCAPEMENT IN THE SAN LORENZO RIVER, CALIFORNIA AN - 867743496; 14805576 AB - Steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are currently listed under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) in central and southern California. In most of this region, steelhead are considered threatened, but the Southern California Distinct Population Segment (DPS), comprising populations in Santa Barbara County and southward is listed as endangered, with only very small numbers of steelhead reported from the Santa Maria River south to the United States-Mexico border (Good et al. 2005). The listings are based mainly on anecdotal information of adult steelhead abundance, with the exception of escapement estimates based on dam counts on the Carmel River (part of the South-Central California Coast DPS), and recently initiated monitoring efforts in two tributaries of the Santa Ynez River system and on the mainstem of the Ventura River (part of the Southern California Coast DPS). JF - California Fish and Game AU - Pipal, K AU - Jessop, M AU - Boughton, D AU - Adams, P AD - Narrie.pipal[at]noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 90 EP - 95 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0008-1078, 0008-1078 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sonar KW - River Systems KW - Abundance KW - INE, USA, California, Ventura KW - Freshwater KW - USA, California, San Lorenzo R. KW - Dams KW - INE, USA, California, Santa Barbara KW - Tributaries KW - Coasts KW - Salmon KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Rivers KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Escapement KW - Rare species KW - Endangered species KW - Fish KW - Monitoring KW - Endangered Species KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867743496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=USING+DUAL-FREQUENCY+IDENTIFICATION+SONAR+%28DIDSON%29+TO+ESTIMATE+ADULT+STEELHEAD+ESCAPEMENT+IN+THE+SAN+LORENZO+RIVER%2C+CALIFORNIA&rft.au=Pipal%2C+K%3BJessop%2C+M%3BBoughton%2C+D%3BAdams%2C+P&rft.aulast=Pipal&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.issn=00081078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Environmental monitoring; Escapement; Rare species; Tributaries; Endangered Species; Abundance; Endangered species; Coasts; Salmon; River Systems; Dams; Sonar; Fish; Monitoring; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA, California, San Lorenzo R.; INE, USA, California, Santa Barbara; INE, USA, California, Ventura; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crustose coralline algal diseases in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands AN - 864955232; 14238250 AB - Despite the critical role of crustose coralline algae (CCA) in coral reef formation, maintenance, and ecology, little is known about coralline algal disease abundance, distribution, etiology, or the potential implications of declining CCA flora. This paper presents the first quantitative study of CCA disease on U.S. Pacific coral reefs, based on Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 337 discrete sites, at 42 different U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands and Atolls, within 5 major geographical regions: main Hawaiian Islands, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, American Samoa, the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA), and Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Five major disease categories were enumerated, and a disease occurrence index was estimated, based on case counts relative to percent CCA cover. CCA disease occurrence exhibited considerable spatial variability both between and within islands/atolls, with some regions being disproportionately affected by disease. No diseases were observed at remote Johnston and Wake Atolls, or the main Hawaiian Islands. Diseases were rare in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands; occasional to common around the PRIA, and common to abundant in American Samoa, Guam, and the Southern Mariana Islands. Pacific-wide, disease occurrence was statistically associated with CCA percent cover and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) but not with human population density; nonetheless, disease occurrence and population density were statistically correlated for those islands containing disease. Although Pacific-wide, the occurrence of disease was low, with no active outbreaks detected in any region, hot spots of disease were detected around Guam, the southern CNMI, American Samoa, and the PRIA. The high levels of spatial and temporal variability in disease occurrence herein underscore the patchy nature and fluctuating distribution dynamics of these afflictions. Also, the widespread dispersal capabilities and extraordinary infective properties of some of these pathogens highlight the importance of better understanding CCA disease dynamics and discerning the relative threat levels on coral reef ecosystems. JF - Coral Reefs AU - Vargas-Angel, Bernardo AD - Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, 1125 B Ala Moana Boulevard, Honolulu, HI, 96814, USA, Bernardo.VargasAngel@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 943 EP - 956 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0722-4028, 0722-4028 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - ISE, Pacific, American Samoa KW - hot spots KW - Hot spots KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - dispersal KW - Aetiology KW - Public health KW - spatial distribution KW - Islands KW - Disease detection KW - Algae KW - PriA protein KW - Temperature effects KW - Etiology KW - flora KW - Quantitative distribution KW - Pathogens KW - Atolls KW - Maintenance KW - coral reefs KW - ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is., Guam KW - I, Central Pacific, Pacific Ocean Is. KW - USA KW - Coral reefs KW - ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is. KW - Dispersal KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q4 27770:Algae KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864955232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coral+Reefs&rft.atitle=Crustose+coralline+algal+diseases+in+the+U.S.-Affiliated+Pacific+Islands&rft.au=Vargas-Angel%2C+Bernardo&rft.aulast=Vargas-Angel&rft.aufirst=Bernardo&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coral+Reefs&rft.issn=07224028&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00338-010-0646-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quantitative distribution; Hot spots; Ecological distribution; Coral reefs; Population density; Pathogens; Disease detection; Aetiology; Public health; Temperature effects; Etiology; Islands; Abundance; Dispersal; Atolls; PriA protein; Algae; spatial distribution; hot spots; flora; Maintenance; dispersal; coral reefs; ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is., Guam; ISE, Pacific, American Samoa; USA; I, Central Pacific, Pacific Ocean Is.; ISEW, Pacific, Northern Mariana Is. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0646-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of extreme quantitative precipitation forecasts and development of regional extreme event thresholds using data from HMT-2006 and COOP observers AN - 861984264; 2011-034921 JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Ralph, F M AU - Sukovich, E AU - Reynolds, D AU - Dettinger, M AU - Weagle, S AU - Clark, W AU - Neiman, P J Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1286 EP - 1304 PB - American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Washington KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - models KW - California KW - Oregon KW - quantitative analysis KW - Western U.S. KW - snow KW - meteorology KW - rain KW - Nevada KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861984264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+extreme+quantitative+precipitation+forecasts+and+development+of+regional+extreme+event+thresholds+using+data+from+HMT-2006+and+COOP+observers&rft.au=Ralph%2C+F+M%3BSukovich%2C+E%3BReynolds%2C+D%3BDettinger%2C+M%3BWeagle%2C+S%3BClark%2C+W%3BNeiman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010jhm1232.1 L2 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/loi/hydr LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MA N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; California; hydrology; meteorology; models; Nevada; Oregon; quantitative analysis; rain; rivers and streams; snow; surface water; United States; Washington; Western U.S. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1232.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Changes in Coho Salmon and Steelhead Abundance from Watershed Restoration: How Much Restoration Is Needed to Measurably Increase Smolt Production? AN - 860386855; 14378039 AB - Using existing data from evaluations of habitat restoration, we estimated the average change in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and steelhead O. mykiss parr and smolt densities for common in-channel (culvert removal, large wood placement, boulder placement, and constructed logjams) and floodplain restoration techniques (constructed side channels and reconnected floodplain habitats). We then used these numbers and a Monte Carlo simulation to predict changes in fish numbers in a model watershed for two restoration scenarios: (1) restoration of all accessible habitat within the watershed and (2) restoration of the average amount historically implemented in Puget Sound watersheds (8% of total restorable areas). Mean increases in coho salmon parr or smolt density after restoration ranged from 0.19 to 2.32 parr/m for in-channel techniques and from 0.34 to 1.70 parr/m super(2) for floodplain techniques. Increases in steelhead parr or smolt density ranged from -0.06 to 0.71 fish/m and from 0.03 to 0.06 fish/m super(2) for in-channel and floodplain techniques, respectively. Under restoration scenario 1, the predicted mean increase in numbers was 1,459,254 (117%) and 285,302 (140%) for coho salmon parr and smolts and 93,965 (65%) and 28,001 (125%) for steelhead parr and smolts. Under scenario 2, the predicted mean increase in parr and smolts was 59,591 (5%) and 15,022 (7%) for coho salmon and 1,733 (1%) and 1,195 (5%) for steelhead. The percentage of floodplain and in-channel habitat that would have to be restored in the modeled watershed to detect a 25% increase in coho salmon and steelhead smolt production (the minimum level detectable by most monitoring programs) was 20%. However, given the large variability in fish response (changes in density or abundance) to restoration, 100% of the habitat would need to be restored to be 95% certain of achieving a 25% increase in smolt production for either species. Our study demonstrates that considerable restoration is needed to produce measurable changes in fish abundance at a watershed scale. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Roni, Philip AU - Pess, George AU - Beechie, Tim AU - Morley, Sarah AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA, phil.roni@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1469 EP - 1484 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Smolt KW - Anadromous species KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - flood plains KW - Watersheds KW - Population dynamics KW - Models KW - Habitats KW - Coast defences KW - Fishery management KW - smolts KW - Sound KW - Salmon KW - Data processing KW - Density KW - Estimating KW - Smolts KW - Environmental impact KW - Wood KW - Habitat KW - Model Studies KW - Flood Plains KW - Channels KW - Flood plains KW - Habitat improvement KW - Scales KW - salmon KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - Fish KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - abundance KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860386855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Estimating+Changes+in+Coho+Salmon+and+Steelhead+Abundance+from+Watershed+Restoration%3A+How+Much+Restoration+Is+Needed+to+Measurably+Increase+Smolt+Production%3F&rft.au=Roni%2C+Philip%3BPess%2C+George%3BBeechie%2C+Tim%3BMorley%2C+Sarah&rft.aulast=Roni&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.issn=02755947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2FM09-162.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 59 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coast defences; Flood plains; Habitat improvement; Anadromous species; Smolts; Population density; Environmental impact; Population dynamics; Watersheds; Monte Carlo simulation; Data processing; Fishery management; Scales; Abundance; Sound; Habitat; Models; Channels; smolts; Wood; salmon; Fish; flood plains; abundance; Flood Plains; Salmon; Smolt; Habitats; Estimating; Density; Model Studies; Oncorhynchus kisutch; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M09-162.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Hang-in Percentage on Catch Rates of Flounder in the North Carolina Inshore Gill-Net Fishery AN - 860386252; 14378049 AB - The effects of hang-in percentage (degree of tautness) on the catch efficiency of gill nets for paralichthine flounders in North Carolina were examined using monofilament gill nets with 5.75-in stretched mesh. Nets with hang-in percentages of 33% and 60% were fished in pairs and were separated by a single monofilament gill net of 5.50-in stretched mesh. Catches of the paired test nets were significantly different, with the catches obtained by the looser nets (60% hang-in) exceeding the catches in the more tightly hung nets (33% hang-in) by 37% in number of fish and 46% in estimated weight. Length-frequency distributions of the catch were not significantly different between the paired nets with different hang-in percentages. Length-frequency distributions of legal-sized fish taken in 5.50- and 5.75-in stretched-mesh nets were significantly different, with the smaller mesh size resulting in a smaller (left-shifted) length-frequency distribution. Thus, hang-in percentage can be manipulated to alter flounder harvest rates per unit of net, and small changes in mesh size can alter the size distribution of the catch. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Ahrenholz, Dean W AU - Smith, Joseph W AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 USA, dean.ahrenholz@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1401 EP - 1407 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - USA, North Carolina KW - catches KW - Pleuronectiformes KW - Demersal fisheries KW - fishery management KW - Nets KW - Marine fish KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Body size KW - Fish KW - Gillnets KW - Gills KW - Size distribution KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860386252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Hang-in+Percentage+on+Catch+Rates+of+Flounder+in+the+North+Carolina+Inshore+Gill-Net+Fishery&rft.au=Ahrenholz%2C+Dean+W%3BSmith%2C+Joseph+W&rft.aulast=Ahrenholz&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.issn=02755947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2FM10-127.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Fishery management; Body size; Demersal fisheries; Gillnets; Size distribution; Fisheries; Gills; Nets; catches; fishery management; Fish; Pleuronectiformes; USA, North Carolina; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M10-127.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of Greenland melt on local sea levels; a partially coupled analysis of dynamic and static equilibrium effects in idealized water-hosing experiments AN - 859729730; 2011-032716 AB - Local sea level can deviate from mean global sea level because of both dynamic sea level (DSL) effects, resulting from oceanic and atmospheric circulation and temperature and salinity distributions, and changes in the static equilibrium (SE) sea level configuration, produced by the gravitational, elastic, and rotational effects of mass redistribution. Both effects will contribute to future sea level change. To compare their magnitude, we simulated the effects of Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) melt by conducting idealized North Atlantic "water-hosing" experiments in a climate model unidirectionally coupled to a SE sea level model. At current rates of GIS melt, we find that geographic SE patterns should be challenging but possible to detect above dynamic variability. At higher melt rates, we find that DSL trends are strongest in the western North Atlantic, while SE effects will dominate in most of the ocean when melt exceeds nearly equal 20 cm equivalent sea level. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Climatic Change AU - Kopp, Robert E AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X AU - Griffies, Stephen M AU - Yin, Jianjun AU - Hay, Carling C AU - Stouffer, Ronald J Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 619 EP - 625 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 103 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - ocean circulation KW - Arctic region KW - Greenland ice sheet KW - rates KW - simulation KW - equilibrium KW - ice sheets KW - climate change KW - Greenland KW - spatial variations KW - sea-level changes KW - melting KW - glacial geology KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/859729730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+Greenland+melt+on+local+sea+levels%3B+a+partially+coupled+analysis+of+dynamic+and+static+equilibrium+effects+in+idealized+water-hosing+experiments&rft.au=Kopp%2C+Robert+E%3BMitrovica%2C+Jerry+X%3BGriffies%2C+Stephen+M%3BYin%2C+Jianjun%3BHay%2C+Carling+C%3BStouffer%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Kopp&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10584-010-9935-1 L2 - DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/(hc4pmh453vbxpeaygjkevi45)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100247,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article; based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - CLCHDX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; Atlantic Ocean; climate change; equilibrium; glacial geology; Greenland; Greenland ice sheet; ice sheets; melting; North Atlantic; ocean circulation; rates; sea-level changes; simulation; spatial variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9935-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US NOAA Fisheries and UK SAHFOS CPR surveys: comparison of methods and data AN - 856785687; 14310306 AB - The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey has sampled four routes: Boston-Nova Scotia (1961-present), New York toward Bermuda (1976-present), Narragansett Bay-Mount Hope Bay-Rhode Island Sound (1998-present) and eastward of Chesapeake Bay (1974-1980). NOAA involvement began in 1974 when it assumed responsibility for the existing Boston-Nova Scotia route from what is now the UK's Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS). Training, equipment and computer software were provided by SAHFOS to ensure continuity for this and standard protocols for any new routes. Data for the first 14 years of this route were provided to NOAA by SAHFOS. Comparison of collection methods; sample processing; and sample identification, staging and counting techniques revealed near-consistency between NOAA and SAHFOS. One departure involved phytoplankton counting standards. This has since been addressed and the data corrected. Within- and between-survey taxonomic and life-stage names and their consistency through time were, and continue to be, an issue. For this, a cross-reference table has been generated that contains the SAHFOS taxonomic code, NOAA taxonomic code, NOAA life-stage code, National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) taxonomic code, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) serial number and authority and consistent use/route. This tableis available for review/use by other CPR surveys. Details of the NOAA and SAHFOS comparison and analytical techniques unique to NOAA are presented. JF - Journal of Plankton Research AU - Jossi, Jack W AD - US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, jack.jossi@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1623 EP - 1631 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK VL - 32 IS - 12 SN - 0142-7873, 0142-7873 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - CPR KW - plankton KW - North Atlantic KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Plankton surveys KW - Data processing KW - Computers KW - Stock assessment KW - Developmental stages KW - Phytoplankton KW - Enumeration KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Islands KW - Fishery management KW - Fishery surveys KW - Reviews KW - Oceans KW - Fisheries KW - Sound KW - Plankton KW - Information systems KW - Oceanographic data KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856785687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plankton+Research&rft.atitle=US+NOAA+Fisheries+and+UK+SAHFOS+CPR+surveys%3A+comparison+of+methods+and+data&rft.au=Jossi%2C+Jack+W&rft.aulast=Jossi&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plankton+Research&rft.issn=01427873&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fplankt%2Ffbq032 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Plankton surveys; Fishery management; Fishery surveys; Stock assessment; Phytoplankton; Oceanographic data; Information systems; Data processing; Computers; Developmental stages; Enumeration; Computer programs; software; Islands; Oceans; Reviews; Fisheries; Sound; Plankton; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq032 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A statistical approach for estimating fish diet compositions from multiple data sources: Gulf of California case study AN - 856781692; 14384972 AB - Trophic ecosystem models are one promising tool for providing ecosystem-based management advice. Diet and interaction rate parameters are critical in defining the behavior of these models, and will greatly influence any predictions made in response to management perturbations. However, most trophic ecosystem models must rely on a patchwork of data availability and must contend with knowledge gaps and poor quantification of uncertainty. Here we present a statistical method for combining diet information from field samples and literature to describe trophic relationships at the level of functional groups. In this example, original fieldwork in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, provides gut content data for targeted and untargeted fish species. The field data are pooled with diet composition information from FishBase, an online data repository. Diet information is averaged across stomachs to represent an average predator, and then the data are bootstrapped to generate likelihood profiles. These are fit to a Dirichlet function, and from the resulting marginal distributions, maximum-likelihood estimates are generated with confidence intervals representing the likely contribution to diet for each predator--prey combination. We characterize trophic linkages into two broad feeding guilds, pelagic and demersal feeders, and explore differentiation within those guilds. We present an abbreviated food web for the northern Gulf of California based on the results of this study. This food web will form the basis of a trophic dynamic model. Compared to the common method of averaging diet compositions across predators, this statistical approach is less influenced by the presence of long tails in the distributions, which correspond to rare feeding events, and is therefore better suited to small data sets. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Ainsworth, CH AU - Kaplan, I C AU - Levin, P S AU - Mangel, M AD - Marine Resources Assessment Group (MRAG) Americas Inc., Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC-NOAA), 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112 USA, cameron.ainsworth@noaa.gov A2 - Stokesbury, K (ed) Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 2188 EP - 2202 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 20 IS - 8 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Feeding KW - Statistics KW - Data processing KW - Tails KW - Predators KW - Trophic relationships KW - Ecosystem models KW - Differentiation KW - Digestive tract KW - Guilds KW - Stomach KW - Internet KW - Food webs KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856781692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=A+statistical+approach+for+estimating+fish+diet+compositions+from+multiple+data+sources%3A+Gulf+of+California+case+study&rft.au=Ainsworth%2C+CH%3BKaplan%2C+I+C%3BLevin%2C+P+S%3BMangel%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ainsworth&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Feeding; Data processing; Statistics; Tails; Predators; Trophic relationships; Ecosystem models; Differentiation; Guilds; Digestive tract; Food webs; Internet; Stomach ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the impacts of fishing on dependent predators: a case study in the California Current AN - 856780968; 14384974 AB - Juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are important prey to seabirds in the California Current System, particularly during the breeding season. Both seabird breeding success and the abundance of pelagic juvenile rockfish show high interannual variability. This covariation is largely a response to variable ocean conditions; however, fishing on adult rockfish may have had consequences for seabird productivity (e.g., the number of chicks fledged per breeding pair) by reducing the availability of juvenile rockfish to provisioning seabird parents. We tested the hypothesis that fishing has decreased juvenile rockfish availability and thereby limited seabird productivity over the past 30 years. We quantified relationships between observed juvenile rockfish relative abundance and seabird productivity, used fisheries stock assessment approaches to estimate the relative abundance of juvenile rockfish in the absence of fishing, and compared the differences in seabird productivity that would have resulted without rockfish fisheries. We examined the abundance of juvenile rockfish and the corresponding productivity of three seabird species breeding on Southeast Farallon Island (near San Francisco, California, USA) from the early 1980s to the present. Results show that while the relative abundance of juvenile rockfish has declined to similar to 50% of the estimated unfished biomass, seabirds achieved 75-95% of the estimated un-impacted levels of productivity, depending upon the species of bird and various model assumptions. These results primarily reflect seabirds with "conservative" life histories (one egg laid per year) and may be different for species with more flexible life history strategies (greater reproductive effort). Our results are consistent with the premise that the impacts of local rockfish fisheries on seabird productivity are less than impacts that have occurred to the prey resources themselves due to ocean climate and the ability of seabirds to buffer against changes in prey availability through prey-switching and other behavioral mechanisms. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Field, J C AU - MacCall, AD AU - Bradley, R W AU - Sydeman, W J AD - Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA, John.Field@noaa.gov A2 - Stokesbury, K (ed) Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 2223 EP - 2236 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 20 IS - 8 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food organisms KW - INE, USA, California, Farallon Is. KW - Abundance KW - Predators KW - Food availability KW - INE, Pacific, California Current KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Fishing KW - Islands KW - Seabirds KW - Fisheries KW - Seasonal variability KW - Seasonal variations KW - Prey KW - Marine KW - Marine birds KW - Stock assessment KW - Climate KW - Environmental impact KW - Reproductive effort KW - Biomass KW - Ocean currents KW - Interannual variability KW - Life history KW - Oceans KW - Depleted stocks KW - Redfish fisheries KW - INE, USA, California, San Francisco KW - Birds KW - Sebastes KW - Breeding success KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856780968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+impacts+of+fishing+on+dependent+predators%3A+a+case+study+in+the+California+Current&rft.au=Field%2C+J+C%3BMacCall%2C+AD%3BBradley%2C+R+W%3BSydeman%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Food organisms; Marine birds; Depleted stocks; Abundance; Environmental impact; Redfish fisheries; Food availability; Seasonal variations; Climate; Stock assessment; Predators; Reproductive effort; Biomass; Models; Fishing; Life history; Islands; Oceans; Fisheries; Prey; Breeding success; Ocean currents; Interannual variability; Seabirds; Seasonal variability; Birds; Sebastes; INE, USA, California, Farallon Is.; INE, USA, California, San Francisco; INE, Pacific, California Current; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoration through eradication? Removal of an invasive bioengineer restores some habitat function for a native predator AN - 856778499; 14384976 AB - Invasive aquatic macrophytes increase structural complexity in recipient systems and alter trophic and physical resources; thus, eradication programs that remove plant structure have potential to restore some impaired ecological functions. In this study we evaluate how an invasive ecosystem engineer, Atlantic smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), interferes with the movement and foraging activity of a mobile predator, Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), and whether removal of aboveground cordgrass structure rapidly reestablishes access to foraging habitats. By 2004, smooth cordgrass had invaded >25% of crab foraging habitat in Willapa Bay, Washington (USA), and transformed it into a highly structured landscape. However, by 2007 successful eradication efforts had eliminated most meadows of the cordgrass. In order to investigate the effect of smooth cordgrass on the habitat function of littoral areas for foraging crabs, we integrated field, laboratory, and statistical modeling approaches. We conducted trapping surveys at multiple sites and used a hierarchical model framework to examine patterns in catches prior to and following cordgrass removal (i.e., before-after control-impact design, BACI). Prior to eradication, catches of Dungeness crabs in unstructured habitats were 4-19 times higher than catches in adjacent patches of live cordgrass. In contrast, the results of post-eradication trapping in 2007 indicated similar catch rates of crabs in unstructured habitats and areas formerly invaded by the cordgrass. Subsequent laboratory experiments and video observations demonstrated that the rigid physical structure of smooth cordgrass shoots reduces the ability of Dungeness crabs to access prey resources and increases the risk of stranding. Taken together, these findings suggest that eliminating the structural complexity of invasive macrophytes may rapidly restore some ecological function (i.e., foraging area) for migratory predators like Dungeness crab. However, restoration of affected areas to a preinvasion state will also depend on long-term patterns of succession in invaded areas and the degree of persistence of physical changes that continue to alter biotic characteristics of the habitat. Our work highlights: (1) the efficacy of employing multiple methods of inquiry to evaluate causal relationships through mechanisms of interaction, and (2) the importance of targeting particular ecological functions when identifying both short- and long-term goals of restoration efforts. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Holsman, K K AU - McDonald, P S AU - Barreyro, P A AU - Armstrong, DA AD - National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA, kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov A2 - Heppell, SS (ed) Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 2249 EP - 2262 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 20 IS - 8 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - succession KW - Food organisms KW - Invasiveness KW - Ecosystems KW - Predators KW - Crabs KW - Succession KW - Recovery of function KW - Models KW - INE, USA, Washington, Willapa Bay KW - Habitats KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Meadows KW - shoots KW - Prey KW - Spartina alterniflora KW - catches KW - Foraging behavior KW - Mathematical models KW - Laboratories KW - Crustacea KW - Recruitment KW - Landscape KW - Aquatic plants KW - prey KW - Habitat KW - Trapping KW - Stranding KW - Model Studies KW - predators KW - Shoots KW - Macrophytes KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Cancer magister KW - Habitat improvement KW - Dispersion KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 6010:Structures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856778499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Restoration+through+eradication%3F+Removal+of+an+invasive+bioengineer+restores+some+habitat+function+for+a+native+predator&rft.au=Holsman%2C+K+K%3BMcDonald%2C+P+S%3BBarreyro%2C+P+A%3BArmstrong%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Holsman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food organisms; Foraging behaviour; Interspecific relationships; Habitat improvement; Aquatic plants; Predators; Habitat; Stranding; Dispersion; Foraging behavior; Invasiveness; Mathematical models; Landscape; Recruitment; Succession; Trapping; Recovery of function; Models; Shoots; Macrophytes; Meadows; Prey; succession; catches; Crustacea; shoots; prey; predators; Habitats; Ecosystems; Laboratories; Crabs; Model Studies; Spartina alterniflora; Cancer magister; INE, USA, Washington, Willapa Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research and Development Satellite Account Update: Estimates for 1959-2007 AN - 856399624; 2011-50312 AB - This update examines the effects of R&D on economic growth. It includes statistics on R&D-intensive industries and national, regional, and international statistics. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Lee, Jennifer AU - Schmidt, Andrew G Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 16 EP - 55 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 90 IS - 12 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Science and technology policy - Science and science policy and research KW - Science and technology policy - Astronomy and space research and technology KW - Education and education policy - Statistics, research, research methods, and research support KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industry and industrial policy KW - Statistics KW - Research and development KW - Economic development KW - Satellites KW - Industry KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856399624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=Research+and+Development+Satellite+Account+Update%3A+Estimates+for+1959-2007&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jennifer%3BSchmidt%2C+Andrew+G&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research and development; Statistics; Economic development; Satellites; Industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reconciliation of the United States-Canadian Current Account, 2008 and 2009 AN - 856398367; 2011-50313 AB - The bilateral current-account estimates of the United States and Canada are reconciled to show how the estimates would appear if both countries used the same definitions, methodologies, and data sources. Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Berman, Barbara AU - Dozier, Edward AU - Caron, Denis Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 57 EP - 71 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 90 IS - 12 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Banking and public and private finance - International banking and finance and financial institutions KW - International relations - International relations KW - United States KW - Canada KW - Economic relations KW - Balance of payments KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856398367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=Reconciliation+of+the+United+States-Canadian+Current+Account%2C+2008+and+2009&rft.au=Berman%2C+Barbara%3BDozier%2C+Edward%3BCaron%2C+Denis&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States; Balance of payments; Economic relations; Canada ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High connectivity among locally adapted populations of a marine fish (Menidia menidia) AN - 853488892; 14339831 AB - Patterns of connectivity are important in understanding the geographic scale of local adaptation in marine populations. While natural selection can lead to local adaptation, high connectivity can diminish the potential for such adaptation to occur. Connectivity, defined as the exchange of individuals among subpopulations, is presumed to be significant in most marine species due to life histories that include widely dispersive stages. However, evidence of local adaptation in marine species, such the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, raises questions concerning the degree of connectivity. We examined geochemical signatures in the otoliths, or ear bones, of adult Atlantic silversides collected in 11 locations along the northeastern coast of the United States from New Jersey to Maine in 2004 and eight locations in 2005 using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry (irm-MS). These signatures were then compared to baseline signatures of juvenile fish of known origin to determine natal origin of these adult fish. We then estimated migration distances and the degree of mixing from these data. In both years, fish generally had the highest probability of originating from the same location in which they were captured (0.01-0.80), but evidence of mixing throughout the sample area was present. Furthermore, adult M. menidia exhibit highly dispersive behavior with some fish migrating over 700 km. The probability of adult fish returning to natal areas differed between years, with the probability being, on average, 0.2 higher in the second year. These findings demonstrate that marine species with largely open populations are capable of local adaptation despite apparently high gene flow. JF - Ecology AU - Clarke, L M AU - Munch, S B AU - Thorrold AU - Conover, DO AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries, 1315 East-West Highway, Room 15728, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 USA, Lora.Clarke@noaa.gov A2 - Shanks, AL (ed) Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 3526 EP - 3537 VL - 91 IS - 12 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Isotopes KW - Ear KW - Migration KW - Natural selection KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Marine fish KW - Baseline studies KW - Menidia KW - Gene flow KW - Bone mass KW - ANW, USA, Maine KW - Ablation KW - Coasts KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Adaptations KW - Subpopulations KW - Coastal waters KW - A, Atlantic KW - Life history KW - Otoliths KW - ANW, USA, New Jersey KW - Scales KW - Migrations KW - Menidia menidia KW - Lasers KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853488892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=High+connectivity+among+locally+adapted+populations+of+a+marine+fish+%28Menidia+menidia%29&rft.au=Clarke%2C+L+M%3BMunch%2C+S+B%3BThorrold%3BConover%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Baseline studies; Otoliths; Adaptations; Migrations; Coastal waters; Natural selection; Ablation; Isotopes; Data processing; Subpopulations; Ear; Migration; Mass spectroscopy; Life history; Scales; Gene flow; Bone mass; Lasers; Coasts; Menidia; Menidia menidia; ANW, USA, New Jersey; ANW, USA, Maine; A, Atlantic; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Analysis of the Effect of Global Warming on the Intensity of Atlantic Hurricanes Using a GCM with Statistical Refinement AN - 853486901; 14166053 AB - A statistical intensity adjustment is utilized to extract information from tropical cyclone simulations in a 50-km-resolution global model. A simple adjustment based on the modeled and observed probability distribution of storm lifetime maximum wind speed allows the model to capture the differences between observed intensity distributions in active/inactive year composites from the 1981-2008 period in the North Atlantic. This intensity adjustment is then used to examine the atmospheric model's responses to different sea surface temperature anomalies generated by coupled models for the late twenty-first century. In the North Atlantic all simulations produce a reduction in the total number of cyclones, but with large intermodel spread in the magnitude of the reduction. The intensity response is positively correlated with changes in frequency across the ensemble. However, there is, on average, an increase in intensity in these simulations despite the mean reduction in frequency. The authors argue that it is useful to decompose these intensity changes into two parts: an increase in intensity that is intrinsic to the climate change experiments and a change in intensity positively correlated with frequency, just as in the active/inactive historical composites. By isolating the intrinsic component, which is relatively independent of the details of the SST warming pattern, an increase is found in storm-lifetime maximum winds of 5-10 m s super(-1) for storms with intensities of 30-60 m s super(-1), by the end of the twenty-first century. The effects of change in frequency, which are dependent on the details of the spatial structure of the warming, must then be superimposed on this intrinsic change. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Zhao, Ming AU - Held, Isaac M AD - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, and NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540-6649, USA, ming.zhao@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 6382 EP - 6393 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 23 IS - 23 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Climate change KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Climate models KW - Statistical techniques KW - North Atlantic Ocean KW - Cyclones KW - Statistical analysis KW - Storms KW - Wind speed KW - Air-sea coupling KW - Marine KW - composite materials KW - Simulation KW - Velocity KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - cyclones KW - Hurricanes KW - Atmosphere-ocean coupled models KW - Numerical simulations KW - General circulation models KW - Temperature anomalies KW - Global warming KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853486901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+the+Effect+of+Global+Warming+on+the+Intensity+of+Atlantic+Hurricanes+Using+a+GCM+with+Statistical+Refinement&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Ming%3BHeld%2C+Isaac+M&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Ming&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3837.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Cyclones; Hurricanes; Air-sea coupling; Climate change; Statistical analysis; Temperature anomalies; Atmospheric circulation; Greenhouse effect; Atmosphere-ocean coupled models; Climate models; Numerical simulations; General circulation models; Global warming; Storms; composite materials; Velocity; Simulation; cyclones; AN, North Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3837.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spawning phenology and habitat use in a Great Plains, USA, stream fish assemblage: an occupancy estimation approach AN - 853485623; 14144589 AB - Knowledge of basic life-history attributes, paired with unbiased estimates of species distribution, is critical for the effective conservation of sensitive fish species. We quantified the spawning phenology, habitat use, and detectability for larvae of an assemblage of threatened Great Plains, USA, stream fishes using new occupancy estimation methods. Spawning by six Great Plains fish species occurred from April through July, and was likely initiated by changes in water temperature and photoperiod. Habitat size and type were important factors influencing the occupancy of larvae in spawning habitats. Detectability of larvae differed among species and over time, and was influenced by habitat depth and fish size. Our models indicated that multiple samples from individual habitats within a season are needed to adequately detect and predict occupancy by stream fish larvae. Conservation efforts for imperiled Great Plains fish assemblages should focus on sustaining flows that maintain a sufficient density and size of habitats needed for successful spawning and recruitment. The occupancy estimation and modeling methods employed here will be useful in developing comprehensive, unbiased programs to monitor the reproductive success of Great Plains stream fishes.Original Abstract: La conservation efficace des especes sensibles de poissons requiert une connaissance des caracteristiques fondamentales de leur cycle biologique, de meme que des estimations non faussees de leur repartition. Nous avons determine la phenologie de la reproduction, l'utilisation de l'habitat et la detectabilite des larves dans des peuplements de poissons menaces des Grandes Plaines, E.-U., a l'aide de nouvelles methodes d'estimation de l'occupation. La fraie de six especes de poissons des plaines a lieu d'avril a la fin de juillet et est vraisemblablement declenchee par la temperature de l'eau et la photoperiode. La taille et le type de l'habitat sont des facteurs importants qui influencent l'occupation des habitats de fraie par les larves. La detection des larves varie d'une espece a l'autre dans le temps et est influencee par la profondeur de l'habitat et la taille des poissons. Notre modelisation indique qu'il faut de multiples echantillons provenant de chaque habitat au cours d'une saison pour detecter adequatement et predire l'occupation du cours d'eau par les larves de poissons. Les efforts de conservation des peuplements de poissons menaces des Grandes Plaines devraient se concentrer sur le maintien de debits qui assurent une densite et une taille d'habitats suffisantes pour une fraie et un recrutement reussis. Les methodes d'estimation de l'occupation et de modelisation que nous avons employees pourront servir a mettre sur pied des programmes complets et non fausses de surveillance du succes reproductif des poissons des eaux courantes dans les plaines. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Falke, Jeffrey A AU - Fausch, Kurt D AU - Bestgen, Kevin R AU - Bailey, Larissa L AD - Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474, USA., jeffrey.falke@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1942 EP - 1956 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 12 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Photoperiods KW - Habitat selection KW - Phenology KW - Habitat utilization KW - Canada, Great Plains KW - Recruitment KW - Larvae KW - Water temperature KW - Habitat KW - Community composition KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Stream KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - Fish Populations KW - spawning KW - Streams KW - Fish larvae KW - Models KW - Habitats KW - plains KW - life history KW - phenology KW - Spawning KW - USA KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Nature conservation KW - Reproduction KW - Breeding success KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853485623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Spawning+phenology+and+habitat+use+in+a+Great+Plains%2C+USA%2C+stream+fish+assemblage%3A+an+occupancy+estimation+approach&rft.au=Falke%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BFausch%2C+Kurt+D%3BBestgen%2C+Kevin+R%3BBailey%2C+Larissa+L&rft.aulast=Falke&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-109 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Photoperiods; Phenology; Stream; Recruitment; Nature conservation; Spawning; Habitat selection; Fish larvae; Conservation; Habitat utilization; Water temperature; Habitat; Streams; Breeding success; Models; life history; Larvae; Reproduction; plains; Fish; phenology; spawning; Habitats; Aquatic Habitats; Fish Populations; Canada, Great Plains; USA; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-109 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mating success of alternative male phenotypes and evidence for frequency-dependent selection in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha AN - 853484756; 14144591 AB - As with other species, frequency-dependent selection during reproduction has long been proposed as an important mechanism in maintaining alternative male reproductive phenotypes in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Jack salmon mature one year earlier than the youngest females in a population and are much smaller than older "adult" males. We tested the hypothesis that mating success of both phenotypes is consistent with the frequency-dependent selection model. By holding male density constant and varying the frequency of adults and jacks in eight separate breeding groups, we found that adult male access to females, participation in spawning events, and adult-to-fry reproductive success increased with their decreasing frequency in a breeding group. Jacks exhibited the same pattern (increasing success with decreasing frequency), although the relationships were not as strong as for adults. Overall, jack and adult males mated with a similar number of females, but jacks sired only 20% of all offspring. Observational data suggested that adult males benefited from sperm precedence associated with their ability to court females and enter the nest first at the time of spawning. Our work provides the first experimental evidence of frequency-dependent selection during mating in the family Salmonidae.Original Abstract: Comme on l'a fait chez d'autres especes, on a longtemps propose la selection en fonction de la frequence durant la reproduction comme mecanisme important pour le maintien des phenotypes reproducteurs males de rechange chez les saumons du Pacifique (Oncorhynchus spp.). Les madeleineaux males atteignent la maturite une annee avant les femelles les plus jeunes dans la population et sont beaucoup plus petits que les males ' adultes ' plus ages. Nous verifions l'hypothese qui veut que le succes de la reproduction pour les deux phenotypes soit compatible avec le modele de selection en fonction de la frequence. En maintenant constante la densite des males et en faisant varier la frequence des males madeleineaux et adultes dans huit groupes reproducteurs differents, nous observons que l'acces des adultes males aux femelles, leur participation aux episodes de reproduction et leur succes reproductif de l'adulte a l'alevin augmentent en fonction de leur frequence decroissante dans un groupe reproducteur. Les madeleinaux males suivent le meme patron (augmentation du succes avec une frequence decroissante), bien que la relation ne soit pas aussi forte qu'avec les adultes. Globalement, les madeleinaux et les males adultes s'accouplent avec un nombre similaire de femelles, mais les madeleinaux n'engendrent que 20 % de l'ensemble des rejetons. Des observations laissent croire que les males adultes jouissent d'une preseance spermatique associee a leur habilete a etre les premiers a courtiser les femelles et a penetrer sur les nids au moment de la fraie. Notre travail fournit les premieres preuves experimentales de la selection en fonction de la frequence durant la fraie dans la famille des Salmonidae. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Berejikian, Barry A AU - Van Doornik, Donald M AU - Endicott, Rob C AU - Hoffnagle, Timothy L AU - Tezak, Eugene P AU - Moore, Megan E AU - Atkins, Jeffery AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Resource Enhancement and Utilization Technologies Division, Manchester Research Station, P.O. Box 130, Manchester, WA 98353, USA., barry.berejikian@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1933 EP - 1941 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 12 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Anadromous species KW - Males KW - Sperm KW - Spawning KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Frequency dependence KW - Phenotypes KW - Nests KW - Models KW - Mating KW - Breeding KW - I, Pacific KW - Progeny KW - Reproduction KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Breeding success KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q1 08344:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853484756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Mating+success+of+alternative+male+phenotypes+and+evidence+for+frequency-dependent+selection+in+Chinook+salmon%2C+Oncorhynchus+tshawytscha&rft.au=Berejikian%2C+Barry+A%3BVan+Doornik%2C+Donald+M%3BEndicott%2C+Rob+C%3BHoffnagle%2C+Timothy+L%3BTezak%2C+Eugene+P%3BMoore%2C+Megan+E%3BAtkins%2C+Jeffery&rft.aulast=Berejikian&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1933&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-112 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Males; Anadromous species; Spawning; Reproductive behaviour; Phenotypes; Breeding success; Mating; Data processing; Breeding; Reproduction; Progeny; Sperm; Frequency dependence; Nests; Models; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; I, Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-112 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fishing catch shares in the face of global change: a framework for integrating cumulative impacts and single species management AN - 853484206; 14144594 AB - Any fishery management scheme, such as individual fishing quotas (IFQs) or marine protected areas, should be designed to be robust to potential shifts in the biophysical system. Here we couple possible catch scenarios under an IFQ scheme with ocean acidification impacts on shelled benthos and plankton, using an Atlantis ecosystem model for the US West Coast. IFQ harvest scenarios alone, in most cases, did not have strong impacts on the food web, beyond the direct effects on harvested species. However, when we added the impacts of ocean acidification, the abundance of commercially important groundfish such as English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), and yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) declined up to 20%-80%, owing to the loss of shelled prey items from their diet. English sole exhibited a 10-fold decline in potential catch and economic yield when confronted with strong acidification impacts on shelled benthos. Therefore, it seems prudent to complement IFQs with careful consideration of potential global change effects such as acidification. Our analysis provides an example of how new ecosystem modeling tools that evaluate cumulative impacts can be integrated with established management reference points and decision mechanisms.Original Abstract: Tous les schemas d'amenagement de la peche, tels que les quotas individuels de peche (IFQ) et les zones de protection marine, devraient etre planifies de maniere a demeurer robustes face a des variations potentielles dans le systeme biophysique. Nous associons ici des scenarios de capture possibles dans un projet d'IFQ a des impacts de l'acidification de l'ocean sur le benthos a coquilles et le plancton, a l'aide d'un modele d'ecosysteme Atlantis pour la cote ouest des E.-U. Dans la plupart des cas, les scenarios de recolte IFQ par eux-memes n'ont pas d'impact important sur le reseau alimentaire, au-dela des effets directs sur les especes recoltees. Cependant, lorsqu'on ajoute les impacts de l'acidification de l'ocean, l'abondance de poissons de fond d'importance commerciale, tels que la sole anglaise (Pleuronectes vetulus), la plie a grande bouche (Atherestes stomias) et le sebaste a queue jaune (Sebastes flavidus), decroit de jusqu'a 20-80 % a cause de la perte des proies a coquilles dans leur regime alimentaire. La sole anglaise connait une reduction de dix fois dans la capture potentielle et le rendement economique en presence de forts impacts de l'acidification sur le benthos a coquilles. C'est pourquoi, il parait prudent ameliorer les IFQ en portant une attention particuliere aux effets potentiels du changement climatique, tels que l'acidification. Notre analyse est un exemple illustrant comment les nouveaux outils de modelisation des ecosystemes qui evaluent les impacts cumulatifs peuvent etre integres aux points de reference de gestion etablis et aux mecanismes decisionnels. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Kaplan, Isaac C AU - Levin, Phillip S AU - Burden, Merrick AU - Fulton, Elizabeth A AD - Northwest Fishery Science Center, NOAA 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA., Isaac.Kaplan@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1968 EP - 1982 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 12 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Food organisms KW - Abundance KW - Ecosystem models KW - Marine fish KW - Fishing KW - Pleuronectes vetulus KW - Fishery management KW - Economics KW - Acidification KW - Prey KW - Food webs KW - Coasts KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Sebastes flavidus KW - Atheresthes stomias KW - Environmental impact KW - Demersal fisheries KW - Decision making KW - Oceans KW - INE, USA, West Coast KW - Depleted stocks KW - Plankton KW - Benthos KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853484206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Fishing+catch+shares+in+the+face+of+global+change%3A+a+framework+for+integrating+cumulative+impacts+and+single+species+management&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Isaac+C%3BLevin%2C+Phillip+S%3BBurden%2C+Merrick%3BFulton%2C+Elizabeth+A&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1968&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-118 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 75 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Food organisms; Fishery management; Depleted stocks; Demersal fisheries; Environmental impact; Acidification; Food webs; Benthos; Diets; Abundance; Ecosystem models; Fishing; Decision making; Oceans; Economics; Plankton; Prey; Coasts; Sebastes flavidus; Pleuronectes vetulus; Atheresthes stomias; INE, USA, West Coast; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-118 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying sea scallop bed diameter on Georges Bank with geostatistics AN - 853474963; 14039908 AB - Spatially explicit management strategies require the identification of appropriate spatial scales for the observation, analysis and management of fisheries. Although the mesoscale (km) is the domain of traditional fisheries stock units, there have been few attempts to describe mesoscale aggregations of scallops, typically referred to as beds. We quantified the average bed diameter of sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) using geostatistics. Data were collected between 1999 and 2007 in the Northern Edge (NE) of Closed Area II and the Nantucket Lightship (NL) Closed Area on Georges Bank. Average bed diameter in the NE varied between 6.5 and 8.6km with classical variograms, and 7.6-9.8km with robust variograms. Average bed diameter in the NL varied between 3.0 and 10.1km with classical variograms, and 4.0-13.22km with robust variograms. There was more spatial structure in the NE. The spatial structure of the NL was less clearly defined and/or more variable. Kriged maps indicate the presence of multiple beds in both areas. Densities of ca. 1.24 scallops/m2 appeared to correspond well with the average bed diameters given by variograms. These results can be used as guidelines for the observation and analysis of the sea scallop resource in the NE and NL. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Adams, Charles F AU - Harris, Bradley P AU - Marino, Michael C AU - Stokesbury, Kevin DE AD - School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 706 South Rodney French Boulevard, New Bedford, MA 02744-1221, USA, charles.adams@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 460 EP - 467 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - ANW, Atlantic, Georges Bank KW - Data processing KW - Density KW - Maps KW - Fish Management KW - Fishery management KW - Placopecten magellanicus KW - Fisheries KW - Banks KW - Marine molluscs KW - Stocks KW - Lightships KW - Standards KW - Mollusks KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q4 27780:Shellfish & Invertebrates KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853474963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Quantifying+sea+scallop+bed+diameter+on+Georges+Bank+with+geostatistics&rft.au=Adams%2C+Charles+F%3BHarris%2C+Bradley+P%3BMarino%2C+Michael+C%3BStokesbury%2C+Kevin+DE&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.09.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Fishery management; Lightships; Stocks; Marine molluscs; Data processing; Fisheries; Maps; Fish Management; Density; Banks; Standards; Mollusks; Placopecten magellanicus; ANW, Atlantic, Georges Bank; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into catch-and-release survivorship and stress-induced blood biochemistry of common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus) captured in the southern California recreational fishery AN - 853474947; 14039905 AB - The common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) is the focus of a popular southern California recreational fishery that typically captures individuals by hooking them in the caudal fin. This technique reduces the ability for forward locomotion and the capacity for ram ventilation. This study assessed the post-capture survivorship of tail-hooked adult and sub-adult common thresher sharks using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and quantified physiological indicators of capture stress in the blood. Survival of the acute effects of capture was determined from the depth and temperature records of 10-day PSAT deployments. Survivorship estimates were based on 19 common thresher sharks [160-221cm fork length (FL); 67-151kg] captured in southern California from 2007 to 2009 using recreational stand-up tackle (36kg). Five mortalities were observed over the course of the study resulting in an overall post-release mortality estimate of 26%. All mortalities occurred in large individuals (180cm FL) with fight times 85min. The archived depth and temperature data from surviving sharks resembled those of previous common thresher movement studies with a diel depth distribution predominantly within the uniformed temperature surface layer. Capture induced stress parameters measured from the blood of eight additional common thresher sharks that were not tagged revealed plasma lactate and hematocrit levels that were significantly elevated with increased fight time. Similarly, all thresher sharks showed heightened heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) values relative to those obtained from blood that was allowed to recover in vitro for 24h. Collectively, our findings indicate that large tail-hooked common thresher sharks with prolonged fight times (85min) exhibit a heightened stress response which may contribute to an increased mortality rate. These results suggest that for larger individuals the current caudal-based capture methods used in the California recreational fishery may not be suitable for an effective catch-and-release based conservation strategy. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Heberer, C AU - Aalbers, SA AU - Bernal, D AU - Kohin, S AU - DiFiore, B AU - Sepulveda, CA AD - National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Southwest Region, Carlsbad, CA 92011, USA, chugey@pier.org Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 495 EP - 500 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Ventilation KW - Biochemistry KW - Survival KW - Surface layers KW - Acute effects KW - Marine fish KW - Alopias vulpinus KW - Serological studies KW - Hsp70 protein KW - Locomotion KW - Fisheries KW - Hematocrit KW - Survivorship KW - USA, California KW - Abiotic factors KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Data processing KW - Temperature KW - Stress KW - Satellites KW - Blood KW - Recreation areas KW - Lactic acid KW - Conservation KW - survival KW - sharks KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08603:Fishery statistics and sampling KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q4 27790:Fish KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853474947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Insights+into+catch-and-release+survivorship+and+stress-induced+blood+biochemistry+of+common+thresher+sharks+%28Alopias+vulpinus%29+captured+in+the+southern+California+recreational+fishery&rft.au=Heberer%2C+C%3BAalbers%2C+SA%3BBernal%2C+D%3BKohin%2C+S%3BDiFiore%2C+B%3BSepulveda%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Heberer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.09.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Blood; Serological studies; Biochemistry; Survival; Survivorship; Surface layers; Mortality causes; Abiotic factors; Temperature effects; Mortality; Data processing; Ventilation; Stress; Satellites; Acute effects; Hsp70 protein; Locomotion; Fisheries; Lactic acid; Conservation; Hematocrit; Recreation areas; Temperature; survival; sharks; Alopias vulpinus; USA, California; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fishery-independent hook and line-based data for use in the stock assessment of bocaccio rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis) AN - 853474840; 14039924 AB - Fishery-independent surveys are an important source of information for stock assessment and management worldwide. Research surveys often use trawl gear to capture commercially valuable species and calculate indices of relative abundance or density. However, many species of interest do not occur in direct contact with the bottom, or occur in areas where high-relief habitat precludes trawl operation. This paper introduces a standardized hook and line survey for rockfish conducted by NOAA Fisheries' Northwest Fisheries Science Center in the Southern California Bight. The survey uses fishing gear similar to that used in many recreational fisheries to sample approximately 120 locations covering a wide range of depths and habitats. To provide an example of how these data can be analyzed for direct inclusion in stock assessments, we standardize catch rates of bocaccio rockfish from 2004-2008 using a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model to account for site, fishing time, survey vessel, angler, and other statistically significant effects. Results indicate that the bocaccio stock vulnerable to this survey in the Southern California Bight has shown a relatively flat trend over recent years. Length frequency distributions indicate the presence of several strong cohorts that should be detectable in future stock assessments of bocaccio for use in U.S. West Coast groundfish management. This survey is the only available tuning index for the adult portion of the bocaccio population in recent years as historically used recreational catch per unit effort indices have been compromised due to changes in bag limits and other management restrictions. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Harms, John H AU - Wallace, John R AU - Stewart, Ian J AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA, John.Harms@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 298 EP - 309 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Abundance KW - Fishing gear KW - Statistical analysis KW - Population density KW - INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight KW - Sebastes paucispinis KW - Marine fish KW - Survey vessels KW - Frequency Distribution KW - Fishing Gear KW - Fishing KW - Habitats KW - Coastal Zone Management KW - Assessments KW - Fishery management KW - Fishery surveys KW - Fisheries KW - Coasts KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Bights KW - Stock assessment KW - Fishermen KW - Surveys KW - Habitat KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853474840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fishery-independent+hook+and+line-based+data+for+use+in+the+stock+assessment+of+bocaccio+rockfish+%28Sebastes+paucispinis%29&rft.au=Harms%2C+John+H%3BWallace%2C+John+R%3BStewart%2C+Ian+J&rft.aulast=Harms&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.08.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Survey vessels; Marine fish; Fishery management; Fishery surveys; Fishermen; Fishing gear; Stock assessment; Population density; Fishing; Mathematical models; Data processing; Bayesian analysis; Abundance; Fisheries; Statistical analysis; Habitat; Coasts; Fishing Gear; Frequency Distribution; Habitats; Coastal Zone Management; Assessments; Bights; Surveys; Sebastes paucispinis; INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.08.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional variation in the otolith chemistry of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) from the western North Atlantic Ocean AN - 853474836; 14039912 AB - Stable carbon ( delta 13C) and oxygen ( delta 18O) isotopes in the whole otoliths of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) were quantified, and regional variation in otolith composition was used to examine the population structure of both species in the western North Atlantic Ocean from collections taken over three decades (1981-2007). Otolith delta 13C and delta 18O of blue marlin and white marlin varied significantly among the regions investigated (Gulf of Mexico, Straits of Florida, Caribbean Sea, and U.S. Atlantic). Overall cross-validated classification success was 62% for blue marlin and 46% for white marlin (collected in three of four regions), with highest classification success for blue marlin in the Gulf of Mexico (85%) and for white marlin along the U.S. Atlantic (58%). Variability in otolith delta 18O of blue marlin and white marlin was higher in regions where individuals displayed a greater degree of movement based on previous tagging studies in the same regions. Reduced variability in otolith delta 18O of blue marlin in the Gulf of Mexico combined with high classification success of individuals from this region suggests that movement out of this basin may be more limited than in other regions investigated. Conversely, higher variability in otolith delta 18O and lower classification success for white marlin signifies that mixing among regions may be more common for this species. These results suggest that the concept of migratory contingents may have some application to istiophorids in the western North Atlantic Ocean (i.e. blue marlin), but continue to support the concept of single Atlantic wide stocks for both species. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Wells, RJDavid AU - Rooker, Jay R AU - Prince, Eric D AD - Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77551, USA, David.Wells@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 430 EP - 435 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Stable isotopes KW - Billfish KW - Stock structure KW - Otolith chemistry KW - Migration KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Isotopes KW - Recruitment KW - Basins KW - Tetrapturus albidus KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Oxygen KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Makaira nigricans KW - Carbon KW - Otoliths KW - Classification KW - Oceans KW - Population structure KW - Tagging KW - Regional variations KW - Q1 08342:Geographical distribution KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853474836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Regional+variation+in+the+otolith+chemistry+of+blue+marlin+%28Makaira+nigricans%29+and+white+marlin+%28Tetrapturus+albidus%29+from+the+western+North+Atlantic+Ocean&rft.au=Wells%2C+RJDavid%3BRooker%2C+Jay+R%3BPrince%2C+Eric+D&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=RJDavid&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.09.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Otoliths; Classification; Population structure; Tagging; Regional variations; Oxygen; Isotopes; Carbon; Oceans; Recruitment; Basins; Makaira nigricans; Tetrapturus albidus; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, Caribbean Sea; AN, North Atlantic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of stone crabs (Menippe mercenaria) from South Carolina Coastal Waters AN - 851471455; 14043300 AB - The stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) is an important component of the estuarine food web as both predator and prey. Stone crabs live in sediment, primarily consume oysters, and as a result, have the potential to accumulate significant quantities of pollutants including metals. In South Carolina, the stone crab is becoming a targeted fishery as an ecologically sustainable seafood choice. To date, no studies have reported metals in stone crab tissues. This study examined the distribution of major and minor trace elements in chelae and body muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas. Crabs were collected from three tidal areas within Charleston County, South Carolina, with differing upland use. Results were compared by collection location and by tissue type. Concentrations of some metals associated with anthropogenic activities were up to three times higher in crabs from sites adjacent to more urbanized areas. Concentrations in edible tissues were below historical FDA levels of concern. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Reed, Lou Ann AU - Pennington, Paul L AU - Wirth, Edward AD - NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA, LouAnn.Reed@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 2297 EP - 2302 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 60 IS - 12 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Crabs KW - Crayfishes KW - Florida stone crab KW - Lobsters KW - Prawns KW - Shrimp KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Food organisms KW - Trace elements in seawater KW - Coastal Waters KW - Trace elements KW - oysters KW - Pollutants KW - ANW, USA, South Carolina, Charleston KW - Fisheries KW - Muscle KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Seafood KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Food webs KW - Gills KW - Marine KW - Metals KW - Sediment pollution KW - Decapoda KW - Brackish KW - Trace Elements KW - Coastal waters KW - Clams KW - Oysters KW - FDA KW - Menippe mercenaria KW - Crustaceans KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - M2 551.468:Coastal Oceanography (551.468) KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851471455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+trace+element+distribution+in+tissues+of+stone+crabs+%28Menippe+mercenaria%29+from+South+Carolina+Coastal+Waters&rft.au=Reed%2C+Lou+Ann%3BPennington%2C+Paul+L%3BWirth%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Lou&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2010.09.025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Food organisms; Pollutants; Brackishwater environment; Seafood; Marine crustaceans; Gills; Food webs; Trace elements; Trace elements in seawater; Fisheries; Coastal waters; Historical account; Metals; oysters; Oysters; FDA; Crustaceans; Coastal Waters; Muscle; Sediment Contamination; Trace Elements; Crabs; Clams; Decapoda; Menippe mercenaria; ANW, USA, South Carolina, Charleston; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical contamination assessment of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary as a result of the attacks on the World Trade Center: Analysis of trace elements AN - 851471220; 14043301 AB - The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) resulted in the destruction of buildings, and the release of tons of dust and debris into the environment. As part of the effort to characterize the environmental impact of the WTC collapse, Mussel Watch Program trace element measurements from the Hudson-Raritan Estuary (HRE) were assessed for the years before (1986-2001) and after (2001-2005) the attack. Trace element measurements in the HRE were significantly higher than Mussel Watch measurements taken elsewhere in the Nation. Post-attack trace element measurements were not significantly different from pre-attack measurements. The impacts of WTC collapse may have been obscured by high ambient levels of trace elements in the HRE. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Kimbrough, K L AU - Commey, S AU - Apeti, DA AU - Lauenstein, G G AD - National Status and Trends Program, NOAA N/SCI1, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, kimani.kimbrough@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 2289 EP - 2296 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 60 IS - 12 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Contamination KW - Trade KW - Estuaries KW - Environmental impact KW - Brackish KW - Buildings KW - Debris KW - Dust KW - Trace elements KW - Marine pollution KW - Marine molluscs KW - Chemical contamination KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09181:General KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851471220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Chemical+contamination+assessment+of+the+Hudson-Raritan+Estuary+as+a+result+of+the+attacks+on+the+World+Trade+Center%3A+Analysis+of+trace+elements&rft.au=Kimbrough%2C+K+L%3BCommey%2C+S%3BApeti%2C+DA%3BLauenstein%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Kimbrough&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2010.07.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trade; Marine pollution; Contamination; Estuaries; Environmental impact; Marine molluscs; Debris; Dust; Trace elements; Chemical contamination; Buildings; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A real-time qPCR assay for the detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a potential indicator of sewage pollution AN - 851465516; 14099872 AB - AbstractAims: To develop a quantitative, real-time PCR assay to detect the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii. Methanobrevibacter smithii is a methanogenic archaea found in the intestinal tract of humans that may be a useful indicator of sewage pollution in water.Methods and Results: Quantification standards were prepared from Meth. smithii genomic DNA dilutions, and a standard curve was used to quantify the target gene and calculate estimated genome equivalency units. A competitive internal positive control was designed and incorporated into the assay to assess inhibition in environmental extracts. Testing the assay against a panel of 23 closely related methanogen species demonstrated specificity of the assay for Meth. smithii. A set of 36 blind water samples was then used as a field test of the assay. The internal control identified varying levels of inhibition in 29 of 36 (81%) samples, and the Meth. smithii target was detected in all water samples with known sewage input.Conclusions: The quantitative PCR assay developed in this study is a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of the Meth. smithii nifH gene that includes an internal control to assess inhibition. Further research is required both to better evaluate host specificity of this assay and the correlation with human health risks.Significance and Impact of the Study: This research is the first description of the development of a rapid and sensitive quantitative assay for a methanogenic archaeal indicator of sewage pollution. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Johnston, C AU - Ufnar, JA AU - Griffith, J F AU - Gooch, JA AU - Stewart, J R AD - 1 Jardon and Howard Technologies Incorporated, Orlando, FL, USA, chris.x.johnston@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1946 EP - 1956 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 109 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - environmental-recreational water KW - indicators KW - intestinal microbiology KW - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) KW - water quality KW - Risk assessment KW - Genomes KW - Archaea KW - Water sampling KW - Water Analysis KW - Water Sampling KW - Indicators KW - Environmental health KW - Field Tests KW - NifH gene KW - Public health KW - Assay KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - genomics KW - Pollution KW - Host specificity KW - Pollution detection KW - Methanogenic archaea KW - Assays KW - Inhibition KW - Methanogenic bacteria KW - Health risks KW - Sewage KW - Methanobrevibacter smithii KW - Microorganisms KW - DNA KW - Intestine KW - Standards KW - Wastewater KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - G 07770:Bacteria KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851465516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+real-time+qPCR+assay+for+the+detection+of+the+nifH+gene+of+Methanobrevibacter+smithii%2C+a+potential+indicator+of+sewage+pollution&rft.au=Johnston%2C+C%3BUfnar%2C+JA%3BGriffith%2C+J+F%3BGooch%2C+JA%3BStewart%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2672.2010.04824.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Host specificity; Sewage; Intestine; Methanogenic archaea; Polymerase chain reaction; genomics; Methanogenic bacteria; NifH gene; Pollution; Risk assessment; Health risks; Pollution detection; Water sampling; DNA; Assays; Environmental health; Public health; Water Analysis; Water Sampling; Microorganisms; Indicators; Assay; Standards; Field Tests; Inhibition; Wastewater; Archaea; Methanobrevibacter smithii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04824.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fisheries buybacks: a review and guidelines AN - 851462954; 14096024 AB - AbstractBuybacks of fishing vessels, licences, access and other rights, and gear, sometimes called decommissioning schemes, have traditionally been a key policy tool to address overcapacity, overexploitation of fish stocks, and distributional issues in fisheries. Two more issues can be added, sustainable use of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity (i.e. ecological public goods and services) and providing a transition to a more rationalized fishery. This study discusses reasons for buybacks; examines consequences; considers asymmetric information, design of buyback auctions and other design issues; buybacks as a transition to a rationalized industry with strong property rights and governance, financing and transnational fisheries; draws out key lessons from the international experience; and provides an overall evaluation. JF - Fish and Fisheries AU - Squires, Dale AD - NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, dale.squires@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 366 EP - 387 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1467-2960, 1467-2960 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - sustainable use KW - Fishing vessels KW - Financing KW - decommissioning KW - Biodiversity KW - Sustainable development KW - Fishery policy KW - financing KW - Fishery management KW - Literature reviews KW - guidelines KW - Licences KW - Reviews KW - Fisheries KW - overexploitation KW - Property rights KW - Fish KW - Environment management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851462954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fish+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Fisheries+buybacks%3A+a+review+and+guidelines&rft.au=Squires%2C+Dale&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fish+and+Fisheries&rft.issn=14672960&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-2979.2010.00365.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishery policy; Fishing vessels; Financing; Literature reviews; Fishery management; Licences; Sustainable development; Property rights; Biodiversity; Environment management; sustainable use; financing; guidelines; Reviews; decommissioning; Fisheries; overexploitation; Fish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00365.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Geomagnetic Reference Field; the eleventh generation AN - 849006610; 2011-017567 AB - The eleventh generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was adopted in December 2009 by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Working Group V-MOD. It updates the previous IGRF generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2005.0, a main field model for epoch 2010.0, and a linear predictive secular variation model for 2010.0-2015.0. In this note the equations defining the IGRF model are provided along with the spherical harmonic coefficients for the eleventh generation. Maps of the magnetic declination, inclination and total intensity for epoch 2010.0 and their predicted rates of change for 2010.0-2015.0 are presented. The recent evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly and magnetic pole positions are also examined. Abstract Copyright (2010), RAS. JF - Geophysical Journal International AU - Finlay, C C AU - Maus, S AU - Beggan, C D AU - Bondar, T N AU - Chambodut, A AU - Chernova, T A AU - Chulliat, A AU - Golovkov, V P AU - Hamilton, B AU - Hamoudi, M AU - Holme, R AU - Hulot, G AU - Kuang, W AU - Langlais, B AU - Lesur, V AU - Lowes, F J AU - Luehr, H AU - Macmillan, S AU - Mandea, M AU - McLean, S AU - Manoj, C AU - Menvielle, M AU - Michaelis, I AU - Olsen, N AU - Rauberg, J AU - Rother, M AU - Sabaka, T J AU - Tangborn, A AU - Toffner-Clausen, L AU - Thebault, E AU - Thomson, A W P AU - Wardinski, I AU - Wei, Z AU - Zvereva, T I Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1216 EP - 1230 PB - Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society VL - 183 IS - 3 SN - 0956-540X, 0956-540X KW - technology KW - International Geomagnetic Reference Field KW - pole positions KW - paleomagnetism KW - algorithms KW - satellite methods KW - magnetic field KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/849006610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=International+Geomagnetic+Reference+Field%3B+the+eleventh+generation&rft.au=Finlay%2C+C+C%3BMaus%2C+S%3BBeggan%2C+C+D%3BBondar%2C+T+N%3BChambodut%2C+A%3BChernova%2C+T+A%3BChulliat%2C+A%3BGolovkov%2C+V+P%3BHamilton%2C+B%3BHamoudi%2C+M%3BHolme%2C+R%3BHulot%2C+G%3BKuang%2C+W%3BLanglais%2C+B%3BLesur%2C+V%3BLowes%2C+F+J%3BLuehr%2C+H%3BMacmillan%2C+S%3BMandea%2C+M%3BMcLean%2C+S%3BManoj%2C+C%3BMenvielle%2C+M%3BMichaelis%2C+I%3BOlsen%2C+N%3BRauberg%2C+J%3BRother%2C+M%3BSabaka%2C+T+J%3BTangborn%2C+A%3BToffner-Clausen%2C+L%3BThebault%2C+E%3BThomson%2C+A+W+P%3BWardinski%2C+I%3BWei%2C+Z%3BZvereva%2C+T+I&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.issn=0956540X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2010.04804.x L2 - http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0956-540X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; International Geomagnetic Reference Field; magnetic field; paleomagnetism; pole positions; remote sensing; satellite methods; technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04804.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of fallback foods in primate ecology and evolution AN - 839127695; 4140273 JF - American journal of physical anthropology AU - Constantino, Paul J AU - Wright, Barth W AU - Marshall, Andrew J AU - Boyko, Corin M AU - Feilen, Katie L AU - Boyko, Ryan H AU - Leighton, Mark AU - Altmann, Stuart A AU - Wrangham, Richard AU - Cheney, Dorothy AU - Seyfarth, Robert AU - Sarmiento, Esteban AU - Lucas, Peter W AU - Chalk, Janine AU - Ziscovici, Charles AU - Fragaszy, Dorothy M AU - Hill, David A AU - Lee, James J.W. AU - Chai, Herzl AU - Darvell, Brian W AU - Lee, Paul K.D. AU - Yuen, Tony D.B. AU - Lawn, Brian R AU - Sponheimer, Matt AU - Codron, Daryl AU - Passey, Benjamin H AU - de Ruiter, Darryl J AU - Cerling, Thure E AU - Lee-Thorp, Julia A AU - Sauther, Michelle L AU - Cuozzo, Frank P AU - Wright, Kristin A AU - Verderane, Michele P AU - Fragaszy, Dorothy AU - Visalberghi, Elisabetta AU - Izar, Patricia AU - Ottoni, Eduardo B AU - Vinyard, Christopher AU - Grueter, Cyril C AU - Li, Dayong AU - Ren, Baoping AU - Wei, Fuwen AU - Xiang, Zuofu AU - Vogel, Erin R AU - Haag, Livia AU - Mitra-Setia, Tatang AU - Schaik, Carel P. van AU - Dominy, Nathaniel J AU - Doran-Sheehy, D AU - Mongo, P AU - Lodwick, J AU - Conklin-Brittain, N L AU - Yamagiwa, Juichi AU - Basabose, Augustin Kanyunyi AD - George Washington University ; Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences ; University of California, Davis ; Great Ape World Heritage Species Project, Cambridge MA ; Princeton University ; Harvard University ; University of Pennsylvania ; Human Evolution Foundation, East Brunswick ; University of Georgia ; University of Sussex ; Tel-Aviv University ; University of Hong Kong ; National Institute of Standards and Technology ; University of Colorado, Boulder ; University of KwaZulu-Natal ; California Institute of Technology ; Texas A&M University ; University of Utah ; University of Bradford ; University of North Dakota ; Universidade de São Paulo ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ; Universität Zürich ; Northwest University ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China ; University of California, Santa Cruz ; National University, Indonesia ; State University of New York, Stony Brook ; Kyoto University ; Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Democratic Republic of Congo Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 599 EP - 750 VL - 140 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9483, 0002-9483 KW - Anthropology KW - Feeding KW - Physical anthropology KW - Social behaviour KW - Food KW - Evolutionary biology KW - Evolutionary anthropology KW - Dietary change KW - Animal ecology KW - Nutrition KW - Primates KW - Evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839127695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physical+anthropology&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+fallback+foods+in+primate+ecology+and+evolution&rft.au=Constantino%2C+Paul+J%3BWright%2C+Barth+W%3BMarshall%2C+Andrew+J%3BBoyko%2C+Corin+M%3BFeilen%2C+Katie+L%3BBoyko%2C+Ryan+H%3BLeighton%2C+Mark%3BAltmann%2C+Stuart+A%3BWrangham%2C+Richard%3BCheney%2C+Dorothy%3BSeyfarth%2C+Robert%3BSarmiento%2C+Esteban%3BLucas%2C+Peter+W%3BChalk%2C+Janine%3BZiscovici%2C+Charles%3BFragaszy%2C+Dorothy+M%3BHill%2C+David+A%3BLee%2C+James+J.W.%3BChai%2C+Herzl%3BDarvell%2C+Brian+W%3BLee%2C+Paul+K.D.%3BYuen%2C+Tony+D.B.%3BLawn%2C+Brian+R%3BSponheimer%2C+Matt%3BCodron%2C+Daryl%3BPassey%2C+Benjamin+H%3Bde+Ruiter%2C+Darryl+J%3BCerling%2C+Thure+E%3BLee-Thorp%2C+Julia+A%3BSauther%2C+Michelle+L%3BCuozzo%2C+Frank+P%3BWright%2C+Kristin+A%3BVerderane%2C+Michele+P%3BFragaszy%2C+Dorothy%3BVisalberghi%2C+Elisabetta%3BIzar%2C+Patricia%3BOttoni%2C+Eduardo+B%3BVinyard%2C+Christopher%3BGrueter%2C+Cyril+C%3BLi%2C+Dayong%3BRen%2C+Baoping%3BWei%2C+Fuwen%3BXiang%2C+Zuofu%3BVogel%2C+Erin+R%3BHaag%2C+Livia%3BMitra-Setia%2C+Tatang%3BSchaik%2C+Carel+P.+van%3BDominy%2C+Nathaniel+J%3BDoran-Sheehy%2C+D%3BMongo%2C+P%3BLodwick%2C+J%3BConklin-Brittain%2C+N+L%3BYamagiwa%2C+Juichi%3BBasabose%2C+Augustin+Kanyunyi&rft.aulast=Constantino&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=599&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physical+anthropology&rft.issn=00029483&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - SuppNotes - Collection of 15 articles N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9507 1077; 4562; 5114; 4853 5114; 10148; 4563 1608 1077; 11776; 4564 1615 8573 11325; 3546 3545 8808; 1030 3858; 8808 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of fallback foods on great ape tooth enamel AN - 839126450; 4140244 AB - Lucas and colleagues recently proposed a model based on fracture and deformation concepts to describe how mammalian tooth enamel may be adapted to the mechanical demands of diet (Lucas et al.: Bioessays 30[2008] 374-385). Here we review the applicability of that model by examining existing data on the food mechanical properties and enamel morphology of great apes (Pan, Pongo, and Gorilla). Particular attention is paid to whether the consumption of fallback foods is likely to play a key role in influencing great ape enamel morphology. Our results suggest that this is indeed the case. We also consider the implications of this conclusion on the evolution of the dentition of extinct hominins. Copyright John Wiley & Sons. Reproduced with permission. An electronic version of this article is available online at http://www.interscience.wiley.com JF - American journal of physical anthropology AU - Constantino, Paul J AU - Lucas, Peter W AU - Lee, James J.W. AU - Lawn, Brian R AD - George Washington University ; National Institute of Standards and Technology Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 653 EP - 660 VL - 140 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9483, 0002-9483 KW - Anthropology KW - Chimpanzees KW - Hominids KW - Food KW - Morphology KW - Dentition KW - Gorillas KW - Nutrition KW - Evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839126450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physical+anthropology&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+fallback+foods+on+great+ape+tooth+enamel&rft.au=Constantino%2C+Paul+J%3BLucas%2C+Peter+W%3BLee%2C+James+J.W.%3BLawn%2C+Brian+R&rft.aulast=Constantino&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physical+anthropology&rft.issn=00029483&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajpa.21096 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 5961 10148; 5114; 3425 12637 1678; 4562; 5547 10148; 2218 10148; 8288 1608 1077; 8808 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21096 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Meteorological Services as a Partner in Statecraft AN - 837450257; 2010-24838 AB - Improvements in weather forecasting will reduce the cost of emergency foreign assistance in the long run. The National Weather Service is working with the United Nations World Meteorological Organization to improve accuracy of forecasts internationally. Severe weather events and longer-term climate changes can play a major part in disrupting life quality and economic and political stability. Adapted from the source document. JF - Foreign Service Journal AU - Hayes, John L AD - U.S. National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 32 EP - 34 PB - American Foreign Service Association, Washington DC VL - 87 IS - 12 SN - 0146-3543, 0146-3543 KW - Environment and environmental policy - Weather, climate, and natural disasters KW - International relations - International organizations KW - Environment and environmental policy - Ecology and environmental policy KW - Weather KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Climate KW - World meteorological organization KW - Forecasting KW - United Nations KW - Environmental policy KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/837450257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Service+Journal&rft.atitle=Global+Meteorological+Services+as+a+Partner+in+Statecraft&rft.au=Hayes%2C+John+L&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Foreign+Service+Journal&rft.issn=01463543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-10 N1 - SuppNotes - http://www.foreignservicejournal-digital.com/foreignservicejournal/201012?f olio=32 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weather; Forecasting; United Nations; World meteorological organization; Environmental policy; Emergency preparedness; Climate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The value of coverage in the Medicare advantage insurance market AN - 818627127; 201031559 AB - This paper examines the impact of coverage on demand for health insurance in the Medicare Advantage (MA) insurance market. Estimating the effects of coverage on demand poses a challenge for researchers who must consider both the hundreds of benefits that affect out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) to consumers, but also the endogeneity of coverage. These problems are addressed in a discrete choice demand model by employing a unique measure of OOPC that considers a consumer's expected payments for a fixed bundle of health services and applying instrumental variable techniques to address potential endogeneity bias. The results of the demand model show that OOPC have a significant effect on consumer surplus and that not instrumenting for OOPC results in a significant underestimate of the value of coverage. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.] JF - Journal of Health Economics AU - Dunn, Abe AD - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1441 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20230, United States abe.dunn@bea.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 839 EP - 855 PB - Elsevier Ltd, Amsterdam The Netherlands VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0167-6296, 0167-6296 KW - Medicare advantage Health insurance Demand Consumer surplus KW - Coverage KW - Medicare KW - Health insurance KW - Consumers KW - Payments KW - Health services KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/818627127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Health+Economics&rft.atitle=The+value+of+coverage+in+the+Medicare+advantage+insurance+market&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Abe&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Abe&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Health+Economics&rft.issn=01676296&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhealeco.2010.08.005 LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-16 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JHECD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coverage; Health insurance; Consumers; Medicare; Payments; Health services DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.08.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous gaseous and total ammonia measurements from the southeastern aerosol research and characterization (SEARCH) study AN - 815541493; 13892239 AB - Continuous ammonia (NH3) measurements with a temporal resolution of 5min were implemented at selected SEARCH sites in the southeastern U. S. during 2007. The SEARCH continuous NH3 instrument uses a citric acid denuder difference technique employing a dual-channel nitric oxide-ozone chemiluminescence analyzer. Data from two SEARCH sites are presented, Jefferson Street, Atlanta (JST) (urban), and Yorkville, Georgia (YRK) (rural), for the period July-December, 2007. Highest NHx (total ammonia=gaseous NH3+PM2.5 NH4+) values were observed in August and September at both JST and YRK. Highest NH3 values occurred in August and September at JST, but in August through October at YRK. Lowest NH3 and NHx values occurred in December at both sites. YRK is significantly impacted by nearby poultry sources, routinely experiencing hourly average NH3 mixing ratios above 20ppbv. Wind sector analysis clearly implicates the nearby poultry operations as the source of the high NH3 values. Weekday versus weekend differences in composite hourly mean diurnal profiles of NH3 at JST indicate that mobile sources have a measurable but relatively small impact on NH3 observed at that site, and little or no impact on NH3 observed at YRK. A distinctive composite mean hourly diurnal variation was observed at both JST and YRK, exhibiting maxima in the morning and evening with a broad minimum during midday. Analysis of observed NH3 diurnal variations from the literature suggests a hypothesized mechanism for the observed behavior based on interaction of local emissions and dry deposition with the formation and collapse of the dynamically mixed atmospheric boundary layer during the day and shallow nocturnal layer at night. Simple mixed layer concentration box model simulations confirm the plausibility of the suggested mechanism. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Saylor, Rick D AU - Edgerton, Eric S AU - Hartsell, Benjamin E AU - Baumann, Karsten AU - Hansen, DAlan AD - Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Snellville, GA, USA, rick.saylor@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 4994 EP - 5004 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 44 IS - 38 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - poultry KW - Mixing KW - Urban microclimatology KW - Emissions KW - Mixing ratio KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Wind KW - Diurnal variations KW - Aerosols KW - composite materials KW - Ammonia KW - Collapse KW - Simulation KW - Ammonia content of atmosphere KW - Aerosol research KW - Numerical simulations KW - Profiles KW - Acids KW - Deposition KW - USA, Georgia, Atlanta KW - Dry deposition KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815541493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Continuous+gaseous+and+total+ammonia+measurements+from+the+southeastern+aerosol+research+and+characterization+%28SEARCH%29+study&rft.au=Saylor%2C+Rick+D%3BEdgerton%2C+Eric+S%3BHartsell%2C+Benjamin+E%3BBaumann%2C+Karsten%3BHansen%2C+DAlan&rft.aulast=Saylor&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=4994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2010.07.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diurnal variations; Aerosol research; Urban microclimatology; Numerical simulations; Ammonia content of atmosphere; Mixing ratio; Dry deposition; Atmospheric boundary layer; Chemiluminescence; Aerosols; composite materials; poultry; Ammonia; Emissions; Simulation; Poultry; Profiles; Acids; Collapse; Deposition; Mixing; Wind; USA, Georgia, Atlanta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate Variability and Change in South America: ENSO, Decadal Variability and Climate Change in South America: Trends, Teleconnections, and Potential Impacts; Guayaquil, Ecuador, 12-14 October 2010 AN - 1712566188; PQ0001955578 AB - El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have profound effects on South American climate. Warm ENSO events (El Ninos) and cold ENSO events (La Ninas), which occur on year-to-year time scales, are associated with droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events across the continent. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas warming of the planet will also likely have a profound effect on South America, through both gradual shifts in the baseline climate and increases in extreme events, including possible changes in the ENSO cycle. There are indications that climate change may already be having an impact in South America, with temperature trends observed in the Galapagos and in the altiplano of the northern Andes and in the shrinking of tropical mountain glaciers. There has also been a shift in the behavior of El Nino, with an increased tendency for warm sea surface temperature anomalies to be concentrated in the central Pacific rather than in the eastern Pacific during the past 2 decades. These central Pacific (or "Modoki," which means "similar but different" in Japanese) El Ninos have a different signature than eastern Pacific El Ninos in terms of teleconnection patterns on weather variability in South America and in terms of effects on marine ecosystems and fisheries along the west coast of the continent. However, the instrumental climate record is relatively short, and many of the observed trends could simply be the result of natural decadal climate variability that is unresolved in observations. JF - EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - McPhaden, MJ AU - Vera, C S AU - Guingla, R M AD - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Wash. Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 473 PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., 1105 N Market St Wilmington DE 19801 VL - 91 IS - 49 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - INW, Japan KW - Glaciers KW - La Nina KW - Climate change KW - South America, Andes Mts. KW - ISE, Ecuador, Guayas, Guayaquil KW - Drought KW - American Geophysical Union KW - Teleconnection patterns KW - Sea surface temperature anomalies KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event variability KW - Climatic variability KW - Floods KW - El Nino KW - Fisheries KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Droughts KW - Southern oscillation KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Teleconnections KW - I, Central Pacific KW - Weather KW - Bolivia, Altiplano KW - Climate KW - Temperature KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Southern Oscillation KW - Continents KW - Behavior KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event KW - Temperature anomalies KW - Temperature trends KW - Greenhouse gases KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 6030:Oil and Gas Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1712566188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EOS%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Climate+Variability+and+Change+in+South+America%3A+ENSO%2C+Decadal+Variability+and+Climate+Change+in+South+America%3A+Trends%2C+Teleconnections%2C+and+Potential+Impacts%3B+Guayaquil%2C+Ecuador%2C+12-14+October+2010&rft.au=McPhaden%2C+MJ%3BVera%2C+C+S%3BGuingla%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=McPhaden&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EOS%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010EO490006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Weather; El Nino; Climate change; Temperature anomalies; Greenhouse effect; Teleconnections; El Nino phenomena; Southern Oscillation; La Nina; Drought; American Geophysical Union; Teleconnection patterns; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Climatic variability; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event variability; Floods; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event; Fisheries; Temperature trends; Marine ecosystems; Climate; Glaciers; Temperature; Continents; Behavior; Greenhouse gases; Southern oscillation; Droughts; INW, Japan; I, Central Pacific; Bolivia, Altiplano; South America, Andes Mts.; ISE, Ecuador, Guayas, Guayaquil DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010EO490006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deriving an inter-sensor consistent calibration for the AVHRR solar reflectance data record AN - 1709785356; 15145984 AB - A new set of reflectance calibration coefficients has been derived for channel 1 (0.63 Delta *mm) and channel 2 (0.86 Delta *mm) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) flown on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) polar orbiting meteorological satellites. This paper uses several approaches that are radiometrically tied to the observations from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imager to make the first consistent set of AVHRR reflectance calibration coefficients for every AVHRR that has ever flown. Our results indicate that the calibration coefficients presented here provide an accuracy of approximately 2% for channel 1 and 3% for channel 2 relative to that from the MODIS sensor. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Heidinger, Andrew K AU - Straka, William C, III AU - Molling, Christine C AU - Sullivan, Jerry T AU - Wu, Xiangqian AD - NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 31 IS - 24 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Channels KW - Reflectance KW - Reflectivity KW - NASA KW - NOAA KW - Calibration KW - Meteorological satellites KW - MODIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709785356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Deriving+an+inter-sensor+consistent+calibration+for+the+AVHRR+solar+reflectance+data+record&rft.au=Heidinger%2C+Andrew+K%3BStraka%2C+William+C%2C+III%3BMolling%2C+Christine+C%3BSullivan%2C+Jerry+T%3BWu%2C+Xiangqian&rft.aulast=Heidinger&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431161.2010.496472 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a931185578~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.496472 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeled infiltration rate distributions for U.S. housing AN - 1701004515; 14099760 AB - Abstract A set of 209 dwellings that represent 80% of U.S. housing stock is used to generate frequency distributions of residential infiltration rates. The set of homes is based on an analysis of the 1997 U.S. Department of Energy's Residential Energy Consumption Survey, which documents numerous housing characteristics including type, floor area, number of rooms, type of heating system, foundation type, and year of construction. The infiltration rate distributions are developed using the multizone network airflow model, CONTAM (CONTAMW 2.4 User Guide and Program Documentation, NISTIR 7251. National Institute of Standards and Technology.). In this work, 19 cities are selected to represent U.S. climatic conditions, and CONTAM simulations are performed for each of the 209 houses in these cities to calculate building air change rates for each hour over a year. Frequency distributions are then developed and presented nationally as well as based on house type and region.Practical ImplicationsThese distributions will support indoor air quality, exposure, and energy analyses based on a truly representative collection of U.S. homes, which has previously not been possible. In addition, the methodology employed can be extended to other countries and other collections of buildings. For U.S.-specific analyses, these homes and their models, can be extended to include occupants, contaminant sources, and other building features to allow a wide range of studies to address other ventilation and indoor air quality issues. JF - Indoor Air AU - Persily, A AU - Musser, A AU - Emmerich, S J AD - 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD andyp@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 473 EP - 485 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Distributions KW - Frequency KW - Housing KW - Residential KW - Ventilation KW - Collection KW - Houses KW - Frequency distribution KW - Infiltration KW - Indoor KW - Standards KW - Air quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1701004515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+Air&rft.atitle=Modeled+infiltration+rate+distributions+for+U.S.+housing&rft.au=Persily%2C+A%3BMusser%2C+A%3BEmmerich%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Persily&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+Air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0668.2010.00669.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00669.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global river nutrient export: A scenario analysis of past and future trends AN - 1520377081; 19534125 AB - An integrated modeling approach was used to connect socioeconomic factors and nutrient management to river export of nitrogen, phosphorus, silica and carbon based on an updated Global NEWS model. Past trends (1970-2000) and four future scenarios were analyzed. Differences among the scenarios for nutrient management in agriculture were a key factor affecting the magnitude and direction of change of future DIN river export. In contrast, connectivity and level of sewage treatment and P detergent use were more important for differences in DIP river export. Global particulate nutrient export was calculated to decrease for all scenarios, in part due to increases in dams for hydropower. Small changes in dissolved silica and dissolved organics were calculated for all scenarios at the global scale. Population changes were an important underlying factor for river export of all nutrients in all scenarios. Substantial regional differences were calculated for all nutrient elements and forms. South Asia alone accounted for over half of the global increase in DIN and DIP river export between 1970 and 2000 and in the subsequent 30 years under the Global Orchestration scenario (globally connected with reactive approach to environmental problems); DIN river export decreased in the Adapting Mosaic (globally connected with proactive approach) scenario by 2030, although DIP continued to increase. Risks for coastal eutrophication will likely continue to increase in many world regions for the foreseeable future due to both increases in magnitude and changes in nutrient ratios in river export. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Seitzinger, S P AU - Mayorga, E AU - Bouwman, A F AU - Kroeze, C AU - Beusen, AHW AU - Billen, G AU - Van Drecht, G AU - Dumont, E AU - Fekete, B M AU - Garnier, J AU - Harrison, JA AD - Rutgers and NOAA CMER Program, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - [np] PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 United States VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - river KW - nutrient KW - global KW - Detergents KW - Phosphorus KW - Hydroelectric Plants KW - Socioeconomics KW - Nutrients KW - Freshwater KW - Exports KW - INW, Asia KW - Transport processes KW - Rivers KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Hydroelectric power KW - Export KW - Model Studies KW - Coastal zone KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Nitrogen KW - Agriculture KW - Eutrophication KW - Particulates KW - Models KW - Carbon KW - Dams KW - Risk factors KW - Population changes KW - Seawater pollution KW - Sewage treatment KW - River basin management KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Adaptability KW - Dam control KW - Silica KW - Mosaics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1520377081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Global+river+nutrient+export%3A+A+scenario+analysis+of+past+and+future+trends&rft.au=Seitzinger%2C+S+P%3BMayorga%2C+E%3BBouwman%2C+A+F%3BKroeze%2C+C%3BBeusen%2C+AHW%3BBillen%2C+G%3BVan+Drecht%2C+G%3BDumont%2C+E%3BFekete%2C+B+M%3BGarnier%2C+J%3BHarrison%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Seitzinger&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=%5Bnp%5D&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2009GB003587 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Eutrophication; Detergents; Dams; Biogeochemistry; Nutrients (mineral); Transport processes; Sewage treatment; River basin management; Agriculture; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Models; Socio-economic aspects; Silica; Carbon; Mosaics; Population changes; Nitrogen; Dam control; Seawater pollution; Hydroelectric power; Socioeconomics; Particulates; Adaptability; Coastal zone; Exports; Risk factors; Hydroelectric Plants; Export; Model Studies; INW, Asia; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003587 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Meteosat second generation data towards improving the nowcasting of convective initiation AN - 1017977936; 16704286 AB - The prediction of convective initiation (CI) from a satellite perspective provides forecasters with a constant relatively high temporal and convective scale spatial resolution tool to help protect life and property. By monitoring infrared (IR) channel brightness temperatures, their trends and multi-spectral channel differences, the prediction of CI can be accomplished on the 0-1 h timescale. These methods, currently employed on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system, have only recently been explored on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite system. The additional channels and derived instability indices available on the MSG satellites may provide additional information useful to the prediction of CI. In this paper a concept is developed and discussed towards the advantages and possible applications of the inclusion of MSG specific IR spectral channels and instability information through the analysis of several convective case events over Central Europe and South Africa. JF - Meteorological Applications AU - Siewert, Christopher W AU - Koenig, Marianne AU - Mecikalski, John R AD - EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, 64295, Germany, chris.siewert@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 442 EP - 451 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 1469-8080, 1469-8080 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Brightness temperature KW - Channels KW - Convective activity KW - Europe KW - M2:551.509.1/.5 KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017977936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteorological+Applications&rft.atitle=Application+of+Meteosat+second+generation+data+towards+improving+the+nowcasting+of+convective+initiation&rft.au=Siewert%2C+Christopher+W%3BKoenig%2C+Marianne%3BMecikalski%2C+John+R&rft.aulast=Siewert&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteorological+Applications&rft.issn=14698080&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fmet.176 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/met.176/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convective activity; Channels; Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/met.176 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrospray tandem quadrupole fragmentation of quinolone drugs and related ions. On the reversibility of water loss from protonated molecules AN - 918046025; 15267441 AB - Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of quinolone drugs showed different sensitivities in aqueous solution vs. biological extract. The authors suggested formation of two singly protonated molecules with different behavior, one undergoing loss of H2O and the other loss of CO2, so that SRM transitions might depend on the ratios of these forms generated by the electrospray. These surprising results prompted us to re-examine several quinolone drugs and some simpler compounds to further elucidate the mechanisms. We find that the relative contributions of loss of H2O vs. loss of CO2 in tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) experiments depend not only on molecular structure and collision energy, but also, in certain cases, on the cone voltage. We further find that many product ions formed by loss of H2O can reattach a water molecule in the collision cell, whereas ions formed by loss of CO2 do not. Since reattachment of H2O can occur after water loss in the cone region and prior to selection of the precursor ion, this effect leads to the dependence of MS/MS spectra on the cone voltage used in creating the precursor ion, which explains the formerly observed effect on SRM ratios. Our results support the earlier conclusion that varying amounts of two ions of the same m/z value are responsible for problems in the analysis of these drugs, but the origin is in dehydration/rehydration reactions. Thus, SRM transitions for certain complex compounds may be comparable only when monitored under equivalent ion-forming conditions, including the voltage used in the production of the protonated molecules in the electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry AU - Neta, Pedatsur AU - Godugu, Bhaskar AU - Liang, Yuxue AU - SimoN-Manso, Yamil AU - Yang, Xiaoyu AU - Stein, Stephen E Y1 - 2010/11/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 30 SP - 3271 EP - 3278 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 24 IS - 22 SN - 1097-0231, 1097-0231 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Sensitivity KW - water loss KW - Mass spectrometry KW - molecular structure KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Drugs KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918046025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+Communications+in+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Electrospray+tandem+quadrupole+fragmentation+of+quinolone+drugs+and+related+ions.+On+the+reversibility+of+water+loss+from+protonated+molecules&rft.au=Neta%2C+Pedatsur%3BGodugu%2C+Bhaskar%3BLiang%2C+Yuxue%3BSimoN-Manso%2C+Yamil%3BYang%2C+Xiaoyu%3BStein%2C+Stephen+E&rft.aulast=Neta&rft.aufirst=Pedatsur&rft.date=2010-11-30&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=3271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+Communications+in+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10970231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Frcm.4769 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcm.4769/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - molecular structure; Sensitivity; Ions; water loss; Mass spectrometry; Carbon dioxide; Drugs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4769 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postdetonation nuclear debris for attribution AN - 1464882661; 2013-094715 AB - On the morning of July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded in New Mexico on the White Sands Proving Ground. The device was a plutonium implosion device similar to the device that destroyed Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9 of that same year. Recently, with the enactment of US public law 111-140, the "Nuclear Forensics and Attribution Act," scientists in the government and academia have been able, in earnest, to consider what type of forensic-style information may be obtained after a nuclear detonation. To conduct a robust attribution process for an exploded device placed by a nonstate actor, forensic analysis must yield information about not only the nuclear material in the device but about other materials that went into its construction. We have performed an investigation of glassed ground debris from the first nuclear test showing correlations among multiple analytical techniques. Surprisingly, there is strong evidence, obtainable only through microanalysis, that secondary materials used in the device can be identified and positively associated with the nuclear material. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Fahey, Albert J AU - Zeissler, C J AU - Newbury, D E AU - Davis, J AU - Lindstrom, R M Y1 - 2010/11/23/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 23 SP - 20207 EP - 20212 PB - National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC VL - 107 IS - 47 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - ion probe data KW - impactites KW - isotopes KW - explosions KW - plutonium KW - mass spectra KW - lead KW - autoradiographs KW - radioactive isotopes KW - tritinite KW - metals KW - vitrification KW - metamorphic rocks KW - sediments KW - gamma-ray spectra KW - X-ray fluorescence spectra KW - spectra KW - trace elements KW - nuclear explosions KW - actinides KW - backscattering KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1464882661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Postdetonation+nuclear+debris+for+attribution&rft.au=Fahey%2C+Albert+J%3BZeissler%2C+C+J%3BNewbury%2C+D+E%3BDavis%2C+J%3BLindstrom%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Fahey&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.date=2010-11-23&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=20207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1010631107 L2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/2/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-05 N1 - CODEN - PNASA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; autoradiographs; backscattering; explosions; gamma-ray spectra; impactites; ion probe data; isotopes; lead; mass spectra; metals; metamorphic rocks; nuclear explosions; plutonium; radioactive isotopes; sediments; spectra; trace elements; tritinite; vitrification; X-ray fluorescence spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010631107 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-lethal determination of sex and reproductive condition of Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin using protein profiles of hemolymph by ProteinchipA+ and SELDI-TOF-MS technology AN - 817607189; 13960747 AB - As the demand for hatchery-produced oyster seed increases for both aquaculture and restoration purposes, techniques to improve seed production, such as accurate determination of broodstock oyster sex and gonad development, have become more important. In this study, we developed a novel method of determining oyster sex and developmental stage through protein profiling of hemolymph using a relatively new proteomic tool, Proteinchip registered and SELDI-TOF-MS. Over 139 peptides/proteins were detected from oyster hemolymph, 62 of which appeared to be involved in reproductive activities. Using the protein-profile information, individual broodstock oysters were categorized successfully into one of five groups: undifferentiated, female developing, female ripe, male developing and male ripe. The accuracy of categorization, confirmed by subsequent, traditional histological methods, was 98.8% (p <0.05). Wide application of this method is still limited by cost; however, results of this research open doors for further study to develop more-affordable and portable methods based upon detection of specific hemolymph peptides and proteins. JF - Aquaculture AU - Li, Yaqin AU - Siddiqui, Ghazala AU - Wikfors, Gary H AD - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA, judy.yaqin.li@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11/22/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 22 SP - 258 EP - 264 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 309 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Oyster KW - Hemolymph KW - Protein profiles KW - SELDI-TOF-MS KW - Sex KW - Gonadal development KW - Seed (aquaculture) KW - Marine KW - Seeds KW - Oyster culture KW - Seed production KW - Aquaculture KW - Costs KW - Aquaculture development KW - Oysters KW - Profiles KW - Proteins KW - Marine molluscs KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Peptides KW - Reproduction KW - Brood stocks KW - Technology KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817607189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Non-lethal+determination+of+sex+and+reproductive+condition+of+Eastern+oysters+Crassostrea+virginica+Gmelin+using+protein+profiles+of+hemolymph+by+ProteinchipA%2B+and+SELDI-TOF-MS+technology&rft.au=Li%2C+Yaqin%3BSiddiqui%2C+Ghazala%3BWikfors%2C+Gary+H&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Yaqin&rft.date=2010-11-22&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2010.09.030 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seed (aquaculture); Aquaculture development; Marine molluscs; Reproduction; Peptides; Seed production; Oyster culture; Brood stocks; Costs; Seeds; Profiles; Oysters; Proteins; Aquaculture; Technology; Crassostrea virginica; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel reduced pressure-balance syringe for chromatographic analysis AN - 856757518; 13932978 AB - When withdrawing a fluid sample (for additional chromatographic analyses) from an apparatus operated at a reduced pressure, a typical syringe proves to be ineffective (even if it is equipped with a gas tight plunger). It simply does not create enough pressure differential to remove a fluid sample from a reduced pressure environment. We encountered such a situation as part of efforts to extend the operation of the advanced distillation curve protocol to reduced pressures. The problem was solved by the development of a pressure balance syringe that allows reliable and precise sampling from an apparatus operating at sub-ambient pressures. This new device uses an external vacuum source to evacuate a syringe barrel, allowing a user to withdraw fluid samples from environments with pressures as low as 0.5 kPa. To demonstrate the operation of the newly developed device, distillate analyses were performed on two fluids at low pressure: a predefined validation mixture, and a commercial soy based biodiesel fuel. The pressure balance syringe was used successfully for sampling in both cases. The use of the pressure balance syringe is not limited to reduced pressure distillations; indeed it can be used for a variety of applications in which chemical/compositional analyses are desired on a fluid contained in a reduced pressure environment. JF - Journal of Chromatography A AU - Windom, Bret C AU - Bruno, Thomas J AD - Thermophysical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303-3328, USA, bruno@boulder.nist.gov Y1 - 2010/11/19/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 19 SP - 7434 EP - 7439 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 1217 IS - 47 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Distillation curve KW - Low pressure KW - Syringe KW - Chromatographic techniques KW - Distillation KW - Fuels KW - Sampling KW - Fuel KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856757518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.atitle=Novel+reduced+pressure-balance+syringe+for+chromatographic+analysis&rft.au=Windom%2C+Bret+C%3BBruno%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Windom&rft.aufirst=Bret&rft.date=2010-11-19&rft.volume=1217&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=7434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chroma.2010.09.045 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromatographic techniques; Fuels; Distillation; Sampling; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.045 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote collection and analysis of witness reports on flash floods AN - 815539886; 13892247 AB - Typically, flash floods are studied ex post facto in response to a major impact event. A complement to field investigations is developing a detailed database of flash flood events, including minor events and null reports (i.e., where heavy rain occurred but there was no flash flooding), based on public survey questions conducted in near-real time. The Severe hazards analysis and verification experiment (SHAVE) has been in operation at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman, OK, USA during the summers since 2006. The experiment employs undergraduate students to analyse real-time products from weather radars, target specific regions within the conterminous US, and poll public residences and businesses regarding the occurrence and severity of hail, wind, tornadoes, and now flash floods. In addition to providing a rich learning experience for students, SHAVE has also been successful in creating high-resolution datasets of severe hazards used for algorithm and model verification. This paper describes the criteria used to initiate the flash flood survey, the specific questions asked and information entered to the database, and then provides an analysis of results for flash flood data collected during the summer of 2008. It is envisioned that specific details provided by the SHAVE flash flood observation database will complement databases collected by operational agencies (i.e., US National Weather Service Storm Data reports) and thus lead to better tools to predict the likelihood of flash floods and ultimately reduce their impacts on society. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Gourley, J J AU - Erlingis, J M AU - Smith, T M AU - Ortega, K L AU - Hong, Y AD - NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK 73072, USA, jj.gourley@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 17 SP - 53 EP - 62 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 394 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Flash floods KW - Heavy precipitation KW - Tornadoes KW - Data reports KW - Algorithms KW - tornadoes KW - Field Tests KW - Storms KW - Hazards KW - Severe storms KW - Weather radar KW - Floods KW - Hydrology KW - National Weather Service KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather KW - Hail KW - Mathematical models KW - Laboratory testing KW - Surveys KW - Databases KW - USA KW - Storm data KW - Radar KW - Flooding KW - summer KW - Flash Floods KW - Governments KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - Q2 09161:General KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - ENA 19:Water Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815539886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Remote+collection+and+analysis+of+witness+reports+on+flash+floods&rft.au=Gourley%2C+J+J%3BErlingis%2C+J+M%3BSmith%2C+T+M%3BOrtega%2C+K+L%3BHong%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Gourley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft.volume=394&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2010.05.042 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Mathematical models; Hail; Tornadoes; Floods; Data reports; Flooding; Governments; Weather forecasting; Severe storms; Flash floods; Storm data; Heavy precipitation; Weather radar; Algorithms; National Weather Service; Weather; Laboratory testing; Radar; Hydrology; summer; tornadoes; Storms; Databases; Surveys; Flash Floods; Field Tests; Hydrologic Data; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.042 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 8 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876255067; 14723-3_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876255067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 7 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876255057; 14723-3_0007 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876255057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 6 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876255049; 14723-3_0006 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876255049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 3 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876255042; 14723-3_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876255042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 2 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876255033; 14723-3_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876255033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 1 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876255027; 14723-3_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876255027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 110 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254949; 14723-3_0110 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 110 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 109 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254939; 14723-3_0109 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 109 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 105 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254923; 14723-3_0105 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 105 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 94 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254905; 14723-3_0094 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 94 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 93 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254880; 14723-3_0093 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 93 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 92 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254863; 14723-3_0092 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 92 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 91 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254848; 14723-3_0091 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 91 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 85 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254838; 14723-3_0085 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 85 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 84 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254831; 14723-3_0084 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 84 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 83 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254825; 14723-3_0083 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 83 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 80 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254822; 14723-3_0080 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 80 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 79 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254814; 14723-3_0079 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 79 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 78 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254809; 14723-3_0078 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 78 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 74 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254801; 14723-3_0074 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 74 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 64 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254794; 14723-3_0064 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 64 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 63 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254785; 14723-3_0063 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 63 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 62 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254779; 14723-3_0062 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 62 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 58 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254773; 14723-3_0058 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 58 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 57 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254767; 14723-3_0057 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 57 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 55 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254760; 14723-3_0055 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 55 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 54 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254753; 14723-3_0054 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 54 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 49 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254746; 14723-3_0049 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 49 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 39 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254730; 14723-3_0039 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 39 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 34 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254726; 14723-3_0034 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 34 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 31 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254719; 14723-3_0031 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 31 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 30 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254717; 14723-3_0030 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 30 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 21 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254713; 14723-3_0021 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 21 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 18 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254688; 14723-3_0018 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 18 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 16 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254671; 14723-3_0016 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 16 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 15 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254659; 14723-3_0015 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 15 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 13 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254650; 14723-3_0013 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 13 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 102 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254595; 14723-3_0102 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 102 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 100 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254450; 14723-3_0100 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 100 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 99 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254442; 14723-3_0099 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 99 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 73 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254437; 14723-3_0073 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 73 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 72 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254435; 14723-3_0072 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 72 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 70 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254432; 14723-3_0070 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 70 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 48 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254427; 14723-3_0048 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 48 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 47 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254426; 14723-3_0047 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 47 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 45 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254423; 14723-3_0045 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 45 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 116 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254356; 14723-3_0116 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 116 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 114 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254353; 14723-3_0114 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 114 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 113 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254351; 14723-3_0113 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 113 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 111 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254350; 14723-3_0111 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 111 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 106 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254349; 14723-3_0106 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 106 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 104 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254347; 14723-3_0104 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 104 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 103 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254345; 14723-3_0103 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 103 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 95 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254343; 14723-3_0095 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 95 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 87 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254339; 14723-3_0087 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 87 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 86 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254336; 14723-3_0086 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 86 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 77 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254333; 14723-3_0077 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 77 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 71 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254330; 14723-3_0071 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 71 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 65 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254328; 14723-3_0065 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 65 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 53 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254322; 14723-3_0053 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 53 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 41 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254318; 14723-3_0041 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 41 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 36 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254313; 14723-3_0036 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 36 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 29 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254304; 14723-3_0029 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 29 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 23 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876254298; 14723-3_0023 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 23 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876254298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 108 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253659; 14723-3_0108 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 108 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 107 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253658; 14723-3_0107 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 107 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 97 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253656; 14723-3_0097 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 97 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 96 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253655; 14723-3_0096 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 96 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 66 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253652; 14723-3_0066 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 66 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 44 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253651; 14723-3_0044 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 44 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 43 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253650; 14723-3_0043 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 43 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 42 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876253649; 14723-3_0042 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 42 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876253649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 5 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876252052; 14723-3_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876252052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 4 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876252042; 14723-3_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876252042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 81 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251461; 14723-3_0081 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 81 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 56 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251460; 14723-3_0056 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 56 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 32 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251458; 14723-3_0032 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 32 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 112 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251095; 14723-3_0112 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 112 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 76 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251094; 14723-3_0076 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 76 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 75 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251093; 14723-3_0075 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 75 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 51 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251092; 14723-3_0051 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 51 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 28 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251087; 14723-3_0028 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 28 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 27 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251085; 14723-3_0027 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 27 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 12 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251006; 14723-3_0012 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 12 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 11 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876251005; 14723-3_0011 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 11 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876251005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 17 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876248605; 14723-3_0017 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 17 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876248605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 19 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876247746; 14723-3_0019 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 19 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876247746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 90 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876247318; 14723-3_0090 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 90 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876247318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 89 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876247312; 14723-3_0089 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 89 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876247312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 88 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876247301; 14723-3_0088 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 88 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876247301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 61 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876247291; 14723-3_0061 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 61 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876247291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 37 of 116] T2 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 876247283; 14723-3_0037 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 37 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876247283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SAVANNAH HARBOR EXPANSION PROJECT, CHATHAM COUNTY GEORGIA AND JASPER COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA (TIER II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 846896253; 14723 AB - PURPOSE: The deepening of Savannah Harbor and shipping channel in Chatham County, Georgia and Jasper County, South Carolina is proposed. Savannah Harbor is a deep draft harbor on the South Atlantic coast 75 miles south of Charleston, South Carolina and 120 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida. Savannah Harbor includes an inner harbor that comprises the last 21.3 miles of the Savannah River and an entrance channel that presently extends about 11.4 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Savannah National Wildlife Refuge lies adjacent to, and upstream of, the Savannah Harbor project and consists of 29,175 acres of palustrine forested wetlands, palustrine and estuarine emergent wetlands, palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands, riverine wetlands, diked waterfowl impoundments (managed wetlands) and uplands. About 6,000 acres are actively managed wetlands which provide excellent habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and wood ducks. The refuge encompasses much of the high value fish and wildlife habitat that has been or is likely to be impacted by harbor development. Since the last harbor improvements were completed 1994, container traffic has greatly exceeded projections with total tonnage growing at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent between 1995 and 2004. In excess of 70 percent of the vessels do not call on Savannah Harbor at their maximum capacity or design draft. Congress conditionally authorized deepening the harbor up to six feet in the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. The Corps of Engineers issued a report later in 1999 which provided further direction on the additional studies that needed to be conducted. This Tier II draft EIS accompanies a General Re-evaluation Report and evaluates a No Action Alternative and five alternatives for addressing navigation issues based on deepening the navigation channel from the existing depth of 42 feet Mean Low Water (MLW) up to 48 feet MLW. The project would include extending the entrance channel, deepening the existing entrance channel, deepening of the inner harbor to the Garden City Terminal of the Georgia Ports Authority, annual maintenance dredging of the entrance and inner harbor channels to maintain authorized project depths (including advance maintenance), expanding the Kings Island turning basin across from the Garden City Terminal, deepening eight container vessel berths at the Garden City Terminal, construction of four bend wideners, two meeting areas, and construction of six mitigation features. The maximum authorized plan would involve dredging most of the harbor and existing turning basin six feet deeper to 48 feet MLW. Dredging methods could include hydraulic pipeline, hopper dredge, mechanical dredge, or similar equipment. These excavation methods would be used to excavate approximately 15 million cubic yards of sediment from the inner harbor with disposal in the existing upland confined disposal facility and about 13 million cubic yards of sediment from the entrance channel with placement in nearshore feeder berms off Tybee Island, the submerged berms (2,000 feet from the ocean bar entrance channel), and/or the approved ocean dredged material disposal site. This proposed action would result in the initial excavation of about 28 million cubic yards of dredged sediment. The tentatively recommended plan is either the 47-foot depth alternative or the 48-foot depth alternative. Subject to the availability of funds, the construction would likely occur over a three to four year period at an estimated cost of $230.2 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would address inefficiencies and problems associated with turning capabilities and overall maneuverability in certain reaches of the inner harbor. Deepening the harbor to the proposed depth would allow vessels to transport the same amount of commodities in fewer trips using the greater operating drafts or larger vessels and thus saving on shipping costs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: With mitigation measures, sediment removal and dredging would directly impact endangered shortnose sturgeon habitat, striped bass habitat, up to 337 acres of tidal freshwater wetlands, and 15.6 acres of fringe brackish marshes. Additional impacts to these resources would also occur through increased salinity and lowering of dissolved oxygen, which are indirect effects resulting from deepening of the harbor. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-53). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the Tier I draft and final EISs, see 98-0157D, Volume 22, Number 2 and 98-0415F, Volume 22, Number 4, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100453, Volume I--1,202 pages, Volume II--884 pages, General Re-Evaluation Report--857 pages, November 16, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Dredging KW - Economic Assessments KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Harbor Improvements KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Navigation KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Section 103 Statements KW - Section 404(b) Statements KW - Sediment Analyses KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Savannah Harbor KW - Savannah National Wildlife Refuge KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/846896253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=SAVANNAH+HARBOR+EXPANSION+PROJECT%2C+CHATHAM+COUNTY+GEORGIA+AND+JASPER+COUNTY%2C+SOUTH+CAROLINA+%28TIER+II+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Savannah, Georgia; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic matter inputs into headwater streams of southwestern British Columbia as a function of riparian reserves and time since harvesting AN - 831198745; 13890062 AB - a- Particulate organic matter delivery from riparian vegetation to streams, a critical ecosystem process, was measured over an eight period after logging in southwestern British Columbia, Canada to quantify the relationship between these litter fluxes and riparian reserves (unlogged controls, 30 and 10-m wide uncut reserves, and clear-cuts). a- Riparian treatment significantly affected the quantity and composition of litter flux: inputs of needles and twigs were significantly lower and proportion of deciduous litter higher in clear-cut streams compared to other treatments. ANOVA models indicated that treatment differences in litter flux persisted through year 7 for some components of litter, while regression models indicated positive trends between reserve width and litter flux through year 8. This positive slope indicates the clear-cut treatment had yet to recover from logging. a- Variation in snowfall and plant succession contributed to temporal variation in litter flux; in some cases, litter inputs increased with annual snowfall. a- Another key finding from this study was that riparian reserves provided total litter inputs to streams that were similar to fully forested controls. Riparian vegetation strongly influences the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; therefore, harvest of riparian trees can profoundly impact these habitats. Riparian reserves (no harvest zones) are used world-wide to reduce these impacts, including effects on organic matter dynamics. There are, however, few experimental evaluations of their efficacy. Particulate organic matter delivery from riparian vegetation to streams, a critical ecosystem process, was measured over an eight year period after logging in southwestern British Columbia, Canada to quantify the relationship between these litter fluxes and riparian reserves (unlogged controls, 30 and 10-m wide uncut reserves, and clear-cuts). We hypothesized that the timing, composition and quantity of organic matter entering these streams would vary as a function of reserve width, but that these differences would decline with time since logging. We also hypothesized that inter-annual variation in precipitation patterns would partially contribute to litter dynamics. Riparian treatment significantly affected the quantity and composition of litter flux: inputs of needles and twigs were significantly lower and proportion of deciduous litter higher in clear-cut streams compared to other treatments. ANOVA models indicated that treatment differences in litter flux persisted through year 7 for some components of litter, while regression models indicated positive trends between reserve width and litter flux through year 8. This positive slope indicates the clear-cut treatment had yet to recover from logging. Variation in snowfall and plant succession contributed to temporal variation in litter flux; in some cases, litter inputs increased with annual snowfall. Another key finding from this study was that riparian reserves provided total litter inputs to streams that were similar to fully forested controls. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Kiffney, Peter M AU - Richardson, John S AD - Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Mukilteo Field Station, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA Y1 - 2010/11/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 15 SP - 1931 EP - 1942 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 260 IS - 11 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Climate KW - Forestry KW - Headwater streams KW - Pacific coastal ecoregion KW - Particulate organic matter KW - Riparian reserves KW - succession KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Succession KW - Clear cutting KW - Potential resources KW - Organic Matter KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Riparian environments KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - Rivers KW - Litter KW - Vegetation KW - logging KW - Habitat KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Model Studies KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Forest management KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Particulates KW - Streams KW - Logging KW - Regression analysis KW - Temporal variations KW - Organic matter KW - Precipitation KW - Plants KW - Fluctuations KW - Harvesting KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831198745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Organic+matter+inputs+into+headwater+streams+of+southwestern+British+Columbia+as+a+function+of+riparian+reserves+and+time+since+harvesting&rft.au=Kiffney%2C+Peter+M%3BRichardson%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Kiffney&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2010-11-15&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2010.08.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Logging; Rivers; Potential resources; Particulate organic matter; Temporal variations; Organic matter; Forests; Riparian vegetation; Streams; Forest management; Litter; Trees; Vegetation; Precipitation; Succession; Aquatic ecosystems; Habitat; Structure-function relationships; Regression analysis; Harvesting; succession; Plants; Riparian environments; logging; Particulates; Clear cutting; Riparian Vegetation; Ecosystems; Organic Matter; Fluctuations; Model Studies; Canada, British Columbia; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive correlations based on large experimental datasets: Critical constants for pure compounds AN - 822519276; 13719133 AB - A framework for development of estimation methods is demonstrated using prediction of critical constants for pure compounds as an example. The dataset of critical temperature T c and critical pressure p c for over 850 compounds used in the present work was extracted from the TRC SOURCE data archival system and is based exclusively on experimental values taken from the literature. Experimental T c and p c values were critically evaluated using the methods of robust regression and their uncertainties were assigned in a rigorous manner. The correlations for critical constants were developed based on Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR) methodology combined with the Support Vector Machines (SVM) regression. The propagation of the experimental uncertainties into the predictions produced by the correlations was also assessed using a procedure based on stochastic sampling. The new method is shown to perform significantly better than a number of commonly used estimation methods. JF - Fluid Phase Equilibria AU - Kazakov, Andrei AU - Muzny, Chris D AU - Diky, Vladimir AU - Chirico, Robert D AU - Frenkel, Michael AD - Thermophysical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA, andrei.kazakov@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/11/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 15 SP - 131 EP - 142 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 298 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3812, 0378-3812 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Correlation KW - Critical properties KW - Empirical modeling KW - Property estimation KW - Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships KW - Support Vector Machines KW - Prediction KW - Molecular structure KW - Temperature KW - Sampling KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/822519276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fluid+Phase+Equilibria&rft.atitle=Predictive+correlations+based+on+large+experimental+datasets%3A+Critical+constants+for+pure+compounds&rft.au=Kazakov%2C+Andrei%3BMuzny%2C+Chris+D%3BDiky%2C+Vladimir%3BChirico%2C+Robert+D%3BFrenkel%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Kazakov&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rft.date=2010-11-15&rft.volume=298&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fluid+Phase+Equilibria&rft.issn=03783812&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fluid.2010.07.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular structure; Prediction; Temperature; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2010.07.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Markets, pooling and insurance for managing bycatch in fisheries AN - 807301739; 13876563 AB - Bycatch is a nearly universal problem for fisheries, and it is increasingly common to place strict limits on allowable bycatch either on individuals or an industry sector. Individual bycatch quotas strengthen individual incentives to avoid bycatch and may reduce the likelihood that the bycatch cap will limit target species catch. However, in cases where bycatch is highly uncertain and variable, individual quotas and markets may be subject to high price variability and may fail to allocate quota efficiently. In some cases such as sea turtles, marine mammals, rare seabird and certain fish species, the allowable take may be less than one per permit holder. There are a number of reasons to believe that a transferable quota market may not function effectively in these cases. I explore the implications of stochasticity and uncertainty of bycatch for valuing quota in an individual bycatch quota system. I explore the degree to which a quota market increases expected profit and reduces individual risk relative to simply having a non-transferable individual bycatch quota, and how pooling approaches and possibly market insurance can be used to reduce financial risk for fishermen associated with uncertain bycatch. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Holland, D S AD - Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101 USA, dan.holland@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 15 SP - 121 EP - 133 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Risk assessment KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Man-induced effects KW - incentives KW - Insurance KW - Stochasticity KW - Environmental protection KW - profits KW - By catch KW - Commercial fishing KW - Fishery management KW - Marine mammals KW - Fisheries KW - Economics KW - marine mammals KW - Fish KW - Permits KW - Mortality causes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807301739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Markets%2C+pooling+and+insurance+for+managing+bycatch+in+fisheries&rft.au=Holland%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-11-15&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2010.08.015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Commercial fishing; By catch; Fishery management; Marine mammals; Aquatic reptiles; Man-induced effects; Environmental protection; Mortality causes; Risk assessment; Economics; Fisheries; Stochasticity; catches; marine mammals; Fish; incentives; Permits; Insurance; profits; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.08.015 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - INCORPORATION OF THE REVISED WASHINGTON SHORELINE MANAGEMENT ACT GUIDELINES INTO THE FEDERALLY APPROVED WASHINGTON COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - INCORPORATION OF THE REVISED WASHINGTON SHORELINE MANAGEMENT ACT GUIDELINES INTO THE FEDERALLY APPROVED WASHINGTON COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN. AN - 873132680; 14713-3_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Washington Coastal Zone Management Program (WCZMP) to allow for a more thorough, proactive approach to coastal zone management in Washington State is proposed. The WCZMP has been established since 1976 following approval of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA). The Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE) has submitted a request to amend its program by incorporating revised guidelines (Washington Administrative Code [WAC]173-26) developed pursuant to the Washington Shoreline Management Act of 1971 (SMA). The SMA has specific requirements for land and water uses: recognition and protection of statewide interest over local interest; preservation of the natural character of the shoreline; promotion of long-term benefit over short-term gain; protection of the resources and ecology of the shoreline; increasing public access to publicly owned areas of the shoreline; and increasing recreational opportunities of the public on the shoreline. Fifteen counties and 115 local jurisdictions within the coastal zone have developed, adopted, and received approval of Shoreline Master Programs (SMPs) and have authority under the SMA to issue or deny substantial development permits for shoreline use activities. The SMA requires local governments to revise their SMPs in accordance with the new SMP standards. WDOE views the new guidelines as a significant enhancement over the original guidelines, which allow for continued degradation of coastal environments. Alternatives considered in this final EIS include approval of the proposed amendments, denial of the proposed amendments, and the No Action Alternative. The preferred alternative would approve the new WAC 173-26 SMA guidelines and permit federal CZMA grants to WDOE in support of local governments revising their SMPs to meet the new guideline requirements. As this is a programmatic EIS, it does not analyze the means by which a particular local SMP, amended in accordance with the updated management directives, would affect the environmental impacts of an individual development project other than what would occur if the minimum standards of the guidelines were met. Additional environmental analysis would be required at the time of the adoption of local revised SMPs. The new guidelines generally follow the same structure as the original guidelines, namely, environmental designations, shoreline uses, and shoreline developments. However, the new guidelines provide for a higher standard in the preparation and implementation of SMPs. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The new guidelines would take into account ecological functions, cumulative impacts of many small scale developments, and greater efforts to restore coastal environments. The guidelines would help achieve improved water quality, scenic beauty, safer development, and a number of other objectives consistent with the policies of the SMA. In addition, the new guidelines would: introduce new requirements to achieve no new loss of ecological functions from the current baseline; make improvements to the existing shoreline environments as part of mitigation and restoration requirements; give designated critical areas special attention where future development could result in negative impacts; and ensure that activities that do not normally require a shoreline development still help achieve SMA policy goals. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Any coastal area not designated as natural environment would be subject to development, possibly including residential, commercial, and industrial development, that would degrade the natural environment and alter the coastal ecosystem. Populations and industrial growth could become denser in specific areas. Development costs could be incrementally increased due to restrictions under SMPs. Mitigation measures to return disturbed areas to SMP baseline conditions could result in additional ecological disruption and damage. Impacts from existing shoreline uses would continue as they would be exempt and grandfathered into the SMP. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 08-0221, Volume 32, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 100443, 391 pages, November 5, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Land Use KW - Beaches KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Surveys KW - Regulations KW - Shores KW - Standards KW - Water Resources KW - Water Resources Management KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=INCORPORATION+OF+THE+REVISED+WASHINGTON+SHORELINE+MANAGEMENT+ACT+GUIDELINES+INTO+THE+FEDERALLY+APPROVED+WASHINGTON+COASTAL+MANAGEMENT+PLAN.&rft.title=INCORPORATION+OF+THE+REVISED+WASHINGTON+SHORELINE+MANAGEMENT+ACT+GUIDELINES+INTO+THE+FEDERALLY+APPROVED+WASHINGTON+COASTAL+MANAGEMENT+PLAN.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: November 5, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - INCORPORATION OF THE REVISED WASHINGTON SHORELINE MANAGEMENT ACT GUIDELINES INTO THE FEDERALLY APPROVED WASHINGTON COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN. AN - 16386423; 14713 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Washington Coastal Zone Management Program (WCZMP) to allow for a more thorough, proactive approach to coastal zone management in Washington State is proposed. The WCZMP has been established since 1976 following approval of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA). The Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE) has submitted a request to amend its program by incorporating revised guidelines (Washington Administrative Code [WAC]173-26) developed pursuant to the Washington Shoreline Management Act of 1971 (SMA). The SMA has specific requirements for land and water uses: recognition and protection of statewide interest over local interest; preservation of the natural character of the shoreline; promotion of long-term benefit over short-term gain; protection of the resources and ecology of the shoreline; increasing public access to publicly owned areas of the shoreline; and increasing recreational opportunities of the public on the shoreline. Fifteen counties and 115 local jurisdictions within the coastal zone have developed, adopted, and received approval of Shoreline Master Programs (SMPs) and have authority under the SMA to issue or deny substantial development permits for shoreline use activities. The SMA requires local governments to revise their SMPs in accordance with the new SMP standards. WDOE views the new guidelines as a significant enhancement over the original guidelines, which allow for continued degradation of coastal environments. Alternatives considered in this final EIS include approval of the proposed amendments, denial of the proposed amendments, and the No Action Alternative. The preferred alternative would approve the new WAC 173-26 SMA guidelines and permit federal CZMA grants to WDOE in support of local governments revising their SMPs to meet the new guideline requirements. As this is a programmatic EIS, it does not analyze the means by which a particular local SMP, amended in accordance with the updated management directives, would affect the environmental impacts of an individual development project other than what would occur if the minimum standards of the guidelines were met. Additional environmental analysis would be required at the time of the adoption of local revised SMPs. The new guidelines generally follow the same structure as the original guidelines, namely, environmental designations, shoreline uses, and shoreline developments. However, the new guidelines provide for a higher standard in the preparation and implementation of SMPs. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The new guidelines would take into account ecological functions, cumulative impacts of many small scale developments, and greater efforts to restore coastal environments. The guidelines would help achieve improved water quality, scenic beauty, safer development, and a number of other objectives consistent with the policies of the SMA. In addition, the new guidelines would: introduce new requirements to achieve no new loss of ecological functions from the current baseline; make improvements to the existing shoreline environments as part of mitigation and restoration requirements; give designated critical areas special attention where future development could result in negative impacts; and ensure that activities that do not normally require a shoreline development still help achieve SMA policy goals. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Any coastal area not designated as natural environment would be subject to development, possibly including residential, commercial, and industrial development, that would degrade the natural environment and alter the coastal ecosystem. Populations and industrial growth could become denser in specific areas. Development costs could be incrementally increased due to restrictions under SMPs. Mitigation measures to return disturbed areas to SMP baseline conditions could result in additional ecological disruption and damage. Impacts from existing shoreline uses would continue as they would be exempt and grandfathered into the SMP. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 08-0221, Volume 32, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 100443, 391 pages, November 5, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Land Use KW - Beaches KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Endangered Species (Plants) KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Surveys KW - Regulations KW - Shores KW - Standards KW - Water Resources KW - Water Resources Management KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Washington KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16386423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=INCORPORATION+OF+THE+REVISED+WASHINGTON+SHORELINE+MANAGEMENT+ACT+GUIDELINES+INTO+THE+FEDERALLY+APPROVED+WASHINGTON+COASTAL+MANAGEMENT+PLAN.&rft.title=INCORPORATION+OF+THE+REVISED+WASHINGTON+SHORELINE+MANAGEMENT+ACT+GUIDELINES+INTO+THE+FEDERALLY+APPROVED+WASHINGTON+COASTAL+MANAGEMENT+PLAN.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland; DC N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: November 5, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longitudinal Growth Differences and the Influence of Diet Quality on Atka Mackerel of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Using a Bioenergetics Model to Explore Underlying Mechanisms AN - 853474771; 14037143 AB - Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius make up the single largest biomass of groundfish in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and are an important component of this marine ecosystem. Atka mackerel show a significant decrease in size from east to west. We compared fish from two study areas reflecting this size cline: Seguam Pass in the eastern Aleutians and Amchitka Island in the western Aleutians. At any given age, the Atka mackerel at the former location are larger than those at the latter (e.g., 5-year-old fish average 732 g and 39 cm fork length at Seguam Pass but only 575 g and 36 cm at Amchitka Island). Our objectives were to determine the mechanisms underlying the observed differences in growth, such as prey availability, prey quality, and thermal experience. We used a bioenergetics model to examine the effects of diet and temperature on growth. The model estimates of consumption fell within the range of those observed for Atka mackerel, suggesting that the model was an appropriate tool for exploring these effects. The results obtained with the model suggest that prey quality is the main factor in the observed size differences. At Seguam Pass Atka mackerel ate a more energetically rich diet consisting of euphausiids and fish, whereas at Amchitka Island copepods dominated the diet and there was little to no fish consumption. The model results also suggest that thermal experience contributed less to the observed differences in growth than did the composition of the diet. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the growth of Atka mackerel will improve predictions of biomass and yield within the framework of a dynamic ecosystem and a changing climate. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Rand, K M AU - Beauchamp, DA AU - Lowe, SA AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA Y1 - 2010/11/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 03 SP - 362 EP - 374 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA IS - 2010 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Food organisms KW - Pleurogrammus monopterygius KW - Bioenergetics KW - Food availability KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I. KW - Marine fish KW - Growth KW - Clines KW - IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Copepoda KW - Scomber KW - Abiotic factors KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853474771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Longitudinal+Growth+Differences+and+the+Influence+of+Diet+Quality+on+Atka+Mackerel+of+the+Aleutian+Islands%2C+Alaska%3A+Using+a+Bioenergetics+Model+to+Explore+Underlying+Mechanisms&rft.au=Rand%2C+K+M%3BBeauchamp%2C+DA%3BLowe%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2010&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/fidm-02-07-01 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Growth rate; Marine fish; Food organisms; Growth; Clines; Bioenergetics; Food availability; Abiotic factors; Pleurogrammus monopterygius; Copepoda; Scomber; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I.; IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/fidm-02-07-01 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone variability and halogen oxidation within the Arctic and sub-Arctic springtime boundary layer AN - 851463744; 14101462 AB - The influence of halogen oxidation on the variabilities of ozone (O sub(3)) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within the Arctic and sub-Arctic atmospheric boundary layer was investigated using field measurements from multiple campaigns conducted in March and April 2008 as part of the POLARCAT project. For the ship-based measurements, a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98 for 544 data points collected north of 68 degree N) was observed between the acetylene to benzene ratio, used as a marker for chlorine and bromine oxidation, and O sub(3) signifying the vast influence of halogen oxidation throughout the ice-free regions of the North Atlantic. Concurrent airborne and ground-based measurements in the Alaskan Arctic substantiated this correlation and were used to demonstrate that halogen oxidation influenced O sub(3) variability throughout the Arctic boundary layer during these springtime studies. Measurements aboard the R/V Knorr in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans provided a unique view of the transport of O sub(3)-poor air masses from the Arctic Basin to latitudes as far south as 52 degree N. FLEXPART, a Lagrangian transport model, was used to quantitatively determine the exposure of air masses encountered by the ship to first-year ice (FYI), multi-year ice (MYI), and total ICE (FYI+MYI). O sub(3) anti-correlated with the modeled total ICE tracer (r = -0.86) indicating that up to 73% of the O sub(3) variability measured in the Arctic marine boundary layer could be related to sea ice exposure. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Gilman, J B AU - Burkhart, J F AU - Lerner, B M AU - Williams, E J AU - Kuster, W C AU - Goldan, P D AU - Murphy, P C AU - Warneke, C AU - Fowler, C AU - Montzka, SA AD - Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA Y1 - 2010/11/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 02 SP - 10223 EP - 10236 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 10 IS - 21 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Ozone measurements KW - Boundary Layers KW - Correlations KW - PN, Arctic Basin KW - Ozone variations KW - Sea Ice KW - Ice drift KW - Volatile compounds KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - Arctic KW - Ozonation KW - Ozone KW - Air masses KW - Marine KW - PN, Arctic Ocean KW - Ethyne KW - Ocean-ice-atmosphere system KW - Halogens KW - Ocean circulation KW - Air Masses KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Model Studies KW - Sea ice KW - Marine atmospheric boundary layer KW - Boundary layers KW - Oxidation KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09163:Air-water boundary layer KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - M2 551.326:Floating Ice (551.326) KW - O 2050:Chemical Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851463744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Ozone+variability+and+halogen+oxidation+within+the+Arctic+and+sub-Arctic+springtime+boundary+layer&rft.au=Gilman%2C+J+B%3BBurkhart%2C+J+F%3BLerner%2C+B+M%3BWilliams%2C+E+J%3BKuster%2C+W+C%3BGoldan%2C+P+D%3BMurphy%2C+P+C%3BWarneke%2C+C%3BFowler%2C+C%3BMontzka%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Gilman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=10223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ethyne; Ocean-ice-atmosphere system; Sea ice; Halogens; Boundary layers; Volatile compounds; Ice drift; Ocean circulation; Ozone; Air masses; Ozone variations; Ozone measurements; Marine atmospheric boundary layer; Oxidation; Correlations; Atmospheric boundary layer; Variability; Sea Ice; Boundary Layers; Air Masses; Arctic; Ozonation; Model Studies; PN, Arctic Ocean; AN, North Atlantic; PN, Arctic Basin; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in fish size/otolith radius relationships among populations of Chinook salmon AN - 968179808; 16467708 AB - Back-calculation of growth trajectories from otolith microstructure is a valuable tool for understanding mechanisms underlying variability in growth among fish populations. We analyzed fish length/otolith radius relationships for Snake River spring/summer Chinook and Snake River fall Chinook salmon, listed as separate "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (ESUs) under the US Endangered Species Act, to determine whether these ESUs shared relationships. In addition, we analyzed otoliths from seven separate populations within the Snake River spring/summer Chinook ESU to assess the variability in relationships among populations, which are much more closely related than ESUs. We also examined several potential functional forms for the equations. We found that the separate ESUs had significantly different fish length/otolith radius relationships, but that variability in otolith growth rate could not explain the difference. Relationships among populations within the spring/summer Chinook ESU did not vary nearly as much as those between ESUs. The quadratic model and the power model fit the data equally well, and constraining these models to pass through a biological intercept (estimated fish length and otolith radius at hatching) resulted in only a slight decrease in model fit. To test the ability of the models to back-calculate fish lengths, we predicted the length at tagging for 17 PIT-tagged fall Chinook that were measured at release and at recapture. The back-calculation demonstrated little bias (<1 mm FL, on average) and relatively small standard deviation (3.5 mm) for the best model. When we repeated the back-calculation with data from both ESUs combined, bias increased substantially (to 15 mm FL), demonstrating the importance of determining the proper taxonomic level at which to combine data within a species. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Zabel, Richard W AU - Haught, Kerri AU - Chittaro, Paul M AD - Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA, rich.zabel@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 267 EP - 278 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 89 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Anadromous species KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Models KW - Body size KW - taxonomy KW - Tagging KW - Hatching KW - Rivers KW - Growth rate KW - USA, Snake R. KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - hatching KW - Standard deviation KW - Otoliths KW - otoliths KW - summer KW - salmon KW - Endangered species KW - Fish KW - Evolution KW - Endangered Species KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968179808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Variability+in+fish+size%2Fotolith+radius+relationships+among+populations+of+Chinook+salmon&rft.au=Zabel%2C+Richard+W%3BHaught%2C+Kerri%3BChittaro%2C+Paul+M&rft.aulast=Zabel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10641-010-9678-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Mathematical models; Otoliths; Anadromous species; Body size; Tagging; Freshwater fish; Evolution; Endangered Species; Rivers; Standard deviation; Data processing; Endangered species; Hatching; Models; otoliths; hatching; salmon; summer; Fish; taxonomy; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA, Snake R.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9678-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of coring and pulverizing juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, otoliths on their chemical signatures AN - 968178930; 16467722 AB - Experiments were conducted to test whether coring and pulverizing juvenile red snapper otoliths affected their chemical signatures, which consisted of element:Ca ratios (Ba:Ca, Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Sr:Ca) and stable isotope delta values ( delta super(13)C and delta super(18)O). Analysis of otolith pairs revealed no significant difference in elemental (Hotelling's paired T super(2), p=0.954) or stable isotope signatures (Hotelling's paired T super(2), p=0.991) between whole right versus whole left otoliths. Pulverizing otoliths did not contaminate elemental signatures (Hotelling's paired T super(2), p=0.726), but elemental signatures were significantly different in otolith cores versus whole otoliths (Hotelling's paired T super(2), p=0.015). Specifically, significant differences were detected in Ba:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Li:Ca between whole right versus cored left otoliths (paired t-test, p less than or equal to 0.012 for each), which resulted from systematic differences of slightly higher Ba:Ca and Mn:Ca in cored versus whole otoliths, while the opposite was true for Li:Ca. Stable isotope signatures also were significantly different between pulverized whole right versus cored and pulverized left otolith cores (Hotelling's paired T super(2), p=0.007), which was driven by slightly lower delta super(13)C and delta super(18)O values in otolith cores versus whole otoliths (paired t-test, p less than or equal to 0.007 for each). However, no significant differences were found in either elemental or stable isotope signatures between whole right and cored left otoliths when residuals of right versus residuals of left signatures were analyzed (Hotelling's paired T super(2), p greater than or equal to 0.992). Overall, study results indicate extracted otolith cores reflect the chemistry of whole age-0 red snapper otoliths, but residuals should be modeled to account for systematic ontogenetic shifts observed in some constituents. Alternatively, cores of age-0 otoliths, instead of whole otoliths, could be analyzed initially to derive nursery-specific chemical signatures such that material later extracted from adult cores would correspond to the same dimensions as the otolith material originally assayed in age-0 otoliths. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Barnett, Beverly K AU - Patterson, William F AD - NOAA Fisheries-SEFSC, Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City Beach, FL, 32408, USA, Beverly.Barnett@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 463 EP - 471 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 89 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Juveniles KW - Isotopes KW - Coring KW - Carbon isotopes KW - Environmental factors KW - Marine fish KW - Otoliths KW - deltas KW - otoliths KW - Ontogeny KW - Lutjanus campechanus KW - Fish KW - Oxygen isotope ratio KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968178930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+coring+and+pulverizing+juvenile+red+snapper%2C+Lutjanus+campechanus%2C+otoliths+on+their+chemical+signatures&rft.au=Barnett%2C+Beverly+K%3BPatterson%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10641-010-9697-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Juveniles; Otoliths; Carbon isotopes; Oxygen isotope ratio; Environmental factors; Isotopes; Coring; Ontogeny; deltas; otoliths; Fish; Lutjanus campechanus; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9697-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Central Pacific El Nino and decadal climate change in the North Pacific Ocean AN - 959093613; 2012-033746 JF - Nature Geoscience AU - Di Lorenzo, E AU - Cobb, K M AU - Furtado, J C AU - Schneider, N AU - Anderson, B T AU - Bracco, A AU - Alexander, M A AU - Vimont, D J Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 762 EP - 765 PB - Nature Publishing Group, London VL - 3 IS - 11 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0894 KW - decadal variations KW - El Nino Southern Oscillation KW - North Pacific KW - Central Pacific KW - marine environment KW - El Nino KW - Pacific Ocean KW - North Pacific Gyre Oscillation KW - anomalies KW - sea-surface temperature KW - climate change KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959093613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Central+Pacific+El+Nino+and+decadal+climate+change+in+the+North+Pacific+Ocean&rft.au=Di+Lorenzo%2C+E%3BCobb%2C+K+M%3BFurtado%2C+J+C%3BSchneider%2C+N%3BAnderson%2C+B+T%3BBracco%2C+A%3BAlexander%2C+M+A%3BVimont%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Di+Lorenzo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=762&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Geoscience&rft.issn=17520894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fngeo984 L2 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/index.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anomalies; Central Pacific; climate change; decadal variations; El Nino; El Nino Southern Oscillation; marine environment; North Pacific; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation; Pacific Ocean; sea-surface temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo984 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sardine potential habitat and environmental forcing off western Portugal AN - 920805459; 16172737 AB - Zwolinski, J. P., Oliveira, P. B., Quintino, V., and Stratoudakis, Y. 2010. Sardine potential habitat and environmental forcing off western Portugal. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1553-1564.Relationships between sardine (Sardina pilchardus) distribution and the environment off western Portugal were explored using data from seven acoustic surveys (spring and autumn of 2000, 2001, 2005, and spring 2006). Four environmental variables (salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a, and acoustic epipelagic backscatter other than fish) were related to the acoustic presence and density of sardine. Univariate quotient analysis revealed sardine preferences for waters with high chlorophyll a content, low temperature and salinity, and low acoustic epipelagic backscatter. Generalized additive models depicted significant relationships between the environment and sardine presence but not with sardine density. Maps of sardine potential habitat (SPH) built upon the presence/absence models revealed a clear seasonal effect in the across-bathymetry and alongshelf extension of SPH off western Portugal. During autumn, SPH covered a large part of the northern Portuguese continental shelf but was almost absent from the southern region, whereas in spring SPH extended farther south but was reduced to a narrow band of shallow coastal waters in the north. This seasonal pattern agrees with the spatio-temporal variation of primary production and oceanic circulation described for the western Iberian shelf. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Zwolinski, Juan P AU - Oliveira, Paulo B AU - Quintino, Victor AU - Stratoudakis, Yorgos AD - 1 INRB/L-IPIMAR, Avenida de Brasilia, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal, juan.zwolinski@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 1553 EP - 1564 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - acoustic surveys KW - continental shelf KW - mesoscale circulation KW - pelagic habitat KW - Marine KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chlorophyll KW - Backscatter KW - Acoustics KW - Stock assessment KW - Sardina pilchardus KW - Habitat KW - ANE, Portugal KW - Environmental factors KW - Primary production KW - Marine fish KW - Salinity KW - ANE, Spain, Galicia KW - Fishery surveys KW - Sardinops KW - low temperature KW - Echo surveys KW - Fish KW - Seasonal variations KW - Q2 09203:Propagation of sound KW - Q1 08626:Food technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920805459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Sardine+potential+habitat+and+environmental+forcing+off+western+Portugal&rft.au=Zwolinski%2C+Juan+P%3BOliveira%2C+Paulo+B%3BQuintino%2C+Victor%3BStratoudakis%2C+Yorgos&rft.aulast=Zwolinski&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq068 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Chlorophylls; Backscatter; Fishery surveys; Stock assessment; Echo surveys; Habitat; Primary production; Environmental factors; Chlorophyll; Salinity; Acoustics; low temperature; Fish; Seasonal variations; Sardinops; Sardina pilchardus; ANE, Spain, Galicia; ANE, Portugal; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq068 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population structure of beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella: evidence of divergence associated with different habitats AN - 920794570; 16172738 AB - Throughout their range, Sebastes spp. are adapted to a diversity of ecological niches, with overlapping spatial distributions of different species that have little or no morphological differences. Divergence of behavioural groups into depth-defined adult habitats has led to reproductive isolation, adaptive radiation, and speciation in the genus Sebastes. Recent genetic research, supported by life-history information, indicates four biological stocks of Sebastes mentella in the Irminger Sea and adjacent waters: a western stock, a deep-pelagic stock, a shallow-pelagic stock, and an Iceland slope stock. Congruent differences in fatty acids and parasites suggest that these genetically distinct populations are adapted to disparate trophic habitats in pelagic waters (shallower and deeper than the deep-scattering layer) and in demersal habitats on the continental slope. Morphology of pelagic forms is also more streamlined than demersal forms. Although genetic differences and evidence for reproductive isolation are clear, these populations appear to share common nursery habitats on the Greenland shelf. We propose a redefinition of practical management units near the Irminger Sea based on geographic proxies for biological stocks and minimizing mixed-stock catches according to the spatial patterns of the recent fishery. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Cadrin, Steven X AU - Bernreuther, Matthias AU - Danielsdottir, Anna Kristin AU - Hjorleifsson, Einar AU - Johansen, Torild AU - Kerr, Lisa AU - Kristinsson, Kristjan AU - Mariani, Stefano AU - Nedreaas, Kjell AU - Pampoulie, Christophe AU - Planque, Benjamin AU - Reinert, Jakup AU - Saborido-Rey, Fran AU - Sigurosson, Thorsteinn AU - Stransky, Christoph AD - 1 School for Marine Science and Technology, NOAA/UMass CMER Program, 200 Mill Road, Fairhaven, MA 02719, USA, steven.cadrin@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 1617 EP - 1630 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - adaptation KW - depth KW - fisheries management KW - habitat KW - molecular genetics KW - multidisciplinary approach KW - North Atlantic KW - stock structure KW - Marine KW - Parasites KW - catches KW - Ecological distribution KW - Niches KW - Nursery grounds KW - ANE, Atlantic, Iceland KW - life history KW - Sebastes mentella KW - Habitat KW - population structure KW - spatial distribution KW - Population genetics KW - ANE, Irminger Sea KW - Fishery management KW - Fatty acids KW - Population structure KW - AN, Greenland KW - Sebastes KW - niches KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920794570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Population+structure+of+beaked+redfish%2C+Sebastes+mentella%3A+evidence+of+divergence+associated+with+different+habitats&rft.au=Cadrin%2C+Steven+X%3BBernreuther%2C+Matthias%3BDanielsdottir%2C+Anna+Kristin%3BHjorleifsson%2C+Einar%3BJohansen%2C+Torild%3BKerr%2C+Lisa%3BKristinsson%2C+Kristjan%3BMariani%2C+Stefano%3BNedreaas%2C+Kjell%3BPampoulie%2C+Christophe%3BPlanque%2C+Benjamin%3BReinert%2C+Jakup%3BSaborido-Rey%2C+Fran%3BSigurosson%2C+Thorsteinn%3BStransky%2C+Christoph&rft.aulast=Cadrin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq046 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Population genetics; Fishery management; Niches; Ecological distribution; Nursery grounds; Fatty acids; Population structure; Habitat; spatial distribution; population structure; catches; life history; niches; Sebastes mentella; Sebastes; ANE, Irminger Sea; ANE, Atlantic, Iceland; AN, Greenland; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq046 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revving the engine of ocean circulation; Antarctic Circumpolar Current development, late Eocene-early Oligocene AN - 913704168; 2012-009031 AB - A critical climate and oceanographic transition occurred during the late middle Eocene to mid-Oligocene ( approximately 38-28 Ma), marked by global cooling and development of continental-scale Antarctic ice sheets. Progressive development of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and reorganization of global ocean circulation accompanied this climate transition. The ACC "engine" began to develop in the middle Eocene with shallow flow through the Drake Passage, followed by rapid deepening of the Tasman gateway (late Eocene to early Oligocene), and more gradual deepening of the Drake Passage through the remainder of the Oligocene. The ACC is a dominant feature of present-day ocean circulation and climate, influencing the strength of meridional overturning circulation, transition depth from surface to deep ocean, gas exchange rate between atmosphere and deep ocean, and global surface heat distribution. Here, we present high-resolution benthic foraminiferal d (super 18) O and d (super 13) C records with Mg/Ca data from Atlantic Slope Project corehole 5 (ASP-5; approximately 600 m paleodepth, southeast US continental slope) and d (super 18) O and d (super 13) C records from ODP Site 1053 ( approximately 1500-1750 m paleodepth; Blake Nose), with comparisons to published isotopic records (Cramer et al. 2009). We show that strengthening of interbasinal deepwater thermal differentiation during the early Oligocene was accompanied by the development of a significant carbon isotopic (d (super 13) C) offset between mid-depth ( approximately 600 m) and deep (>1000 m) waters in the western North Atlantic. We interpret the d (super 13) C offset to indicate development of low O (sub 2) conditions associated with vertical stratification of nutrients, analogous to the modern low O (sub 2) zone ( approximately 700-1000 m deep) that results from ventilation by Antarctic Intermediate Water. These records show that the engine of modern ocean overturning circulation, the ACC, gradually, but significantly, impacted global ocean circulation even while it was in the early development stage in the late middle Eocene to mid-Oligocene. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Katz, Miriam E AU - Cramer, Benjamin AU - Esmay, Gar AU - Liu, Chengjie AU - Miller, Kenneth AU - Rosenthal, Yair AU - Toggweiller, J R AU - Wade, Bridget S AU - Wright, James D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 541 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - calcium KW - magnesium KW - Drake Passage KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - paleo-oceanography KW - global change KW - paleoclimatology KW - stable isotopes KW - Cenozoic KW - carbon KW - cooling KW - Leg 171B KW - alkaline earth metals KW - ocean circulation KW - Eocene KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - Antarctic Circumpolar Current KW - Paleogene KW - O-18/O-16 KW - ice sheets KW - Mg/Ca KW - nutrients KW - Tertiary KW - lower Oligocene KW - ODP Site 1053 KW - upper Eocene KW - metals KW - Blake Plateau KW - Ocean Drilling Program KW - North Atlantic KW - Blake Nose KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Oligocene KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/913704168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Revving+the+engine+of+ocean+circulation%3B+Antarctic+Circumpolar+Current+development%2C+late+Eocene-early+Oligocene&rft.au=Katz%2C+Miriam+E%3BCramer%2C+Benjamin%3BEsmay%2C+Gar%3BLiu%2C+Chengjie%3BMiller%2C+Kenneth%3BRosenthal%2C+Yair%3BToggweiller%2C+J+R%3BWade%2C+Bridget+S%3BWright%2C+James+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Atlantic Ocean; Blake Nose; Blake Plateau; C-13/C-12; calcium; carbon; Cenozoic; cooling; Drake Passage; Eocene; global change; ice sheets; isotope ratios; isotopes; Leg 171B; lower Oligocene; magnesium; metals; Mg/Ca; North Atlantic; nutrients; O-18/O-16; ocean circulation; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP Site 1053; Oligocene; oxygen; paleo-oceanography; paleoclimatology; Paleogene; stable isotopes; Tertiary; upper Eocene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airless solar system bodies; improvements to radiative transfer modeling of reflectance spectra AN - 902083862; 2011-096752 AB - In order to improve modeling of planetary reflectance spectra, we have undertaken a project to make new measurements of the optical constants of iron over the entire wavelength range of interest to planetary reflectance spectrometry. Reflectance spectrometry across the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared spectrum has long been a powerful tool for remotely obtaining information on the surface composition of airless Solar System bodies. The optical constants (real and imaginary parts of the index of refraction) are required as inputs to theoretical radiative transfer models (such as the model by Hapke and by Shkuratov) that permit extraction of quantitative compositional information from reflectance spectra. Metallic iron is a key component in the lunar regolith because it can be present in both coarse-grained and nanophase forms; this is also likely to be the case on asteroids and there is evidence that nanophase iron is present in Mercury's regolith. Nanophase iron, produced by reduction of ferrous iron during space weathering, has a strong effect on the optical properties of the regolith. The optical constants we determine, using modern variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometers, will be used in conjunction with an improved treatment of the effects of metal in our Hapke theoretical model. In addition, we are seeking to develop better handling of lunar agglutinates, which are complex aggregates of mineral, glass and lithic fragments bonded together by impact melt glass. Together, these improvements will allow more accurate compositional and resource mapping with new datasets collected by spacecraft instruments such as the Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper, Kaguya Spectral Profiler, MESSENGER Mercury Atmosphere and Surface Composition Spectrometer, and to be returned by the Dawn Visible and InfraRed mapping spectrometer. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Blewett, David T AU - Nguyen, Nhan V AU - Lawrence, Samuel J AU - Denevi, Brett W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 507 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - Moon KW - radiative transfer models KW - weathering KW - iron KW - terrestrial planets KW - models KW - planets KW - space weathering KW - optical properties KW - metals KW - Mercury Planet KW - reflectance KW - regolith KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902083862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Airless+solar+system+bodies%3B+improvements+to+radiative+transfer+modeling+of+reflectance+spectra&rft.au=Blewett%2C+David+T%3BNguyen%2C+Nhan+V%3BLawrence%2C+Samuel+J%3BDenevi%2C+Brett+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Blewett&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - iron; Mercury Planet; metals; models; Moon; optical properties; planets; radiative transfer models; reflectance; regolith; space weathering; terrestrial planets; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN); a rigorous peer-review process for building a new collection of high-quality digital teaching materials on climate and energy science AN - 902082814; 2011-096686 AB - To provide students with accurate information about climate and energy science, educators require scientifically and pedagogically robust teaching materials. To address this need, the Climate Literacy & Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN) has assembled a new peer-reviewed digital collection as part of the National Science Digital Library featuring teaching materials centered on climate and energy science for grades 6 through 16. The scope and framework of the collection is defined by the Essential Principles of Climate Science (CCSP 2009) and newly-developed Energy Awareness Principles. The collection will provide authoritative teaching materials on these socially relevant topics and prepare students to become responsible decision-makers. While a peer-review process is desirable for curriculum developer as well as collection builder to ensure quality, its implementation is non-trivial. We have designed a rigorous and transparent peer-review process for the CLEAN collection. Our experiences provide general guidelines that can be used to judge the quality of digital teaching materials across disciplines. Our multi-stage review process ensures that only resources with teaching goals relevant to developing climate literacy and energy awareness are considered. Each relevant resource is reviewed twice to assess the i) scientific accuracy, ii) pedagogic effectiveness, and iii) usability/technical quality. A science review by an expert ensures the scientific quality and accuracy. Resources that pass all review steps are forwarded to a review panel of educators and scientists who make a final decision regarding inclusion of the materials in the CLEAN collection. Results from the first panel review show that about 20% ( approximately 100) of the resources that were initially considered passed final review. Reviewer comments are recorded as teaching tips to enhance existing teaching resources and help educators with the implementation in their curriculum. CLEAN will launch the first collection of digital educational resources about climate science and energy awareness in October 2010. The final CLEAN collection will include > or =500 resources and will also provide the alignment with the Benchmarks for Science Literacy and the Excellence in Environmental Education Guidelines for Learning through interactive strandmaps. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Gold, Anne U AU - Ledley, Tamara Shapiro AU - McCaffrey, Mark S AU - Buhr, Susan M AU - Manduca, Cathryn A AU - Niepold, Frank AU - Fox, Sean P AU - Howell, Cynthia AU - Lynds, Susan AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 495 EP - 496 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - networks KW - preparation KW - public awareness KW - Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network KW - decision-making KW - education KW - educational resources KW - curricula KW - accuracy KW - energy KW - collections KW - climate KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902082814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Climate+Literacy+and+Energy+Awareness+Network+%28CLEAN%29%3B+a+rigorous+peer-review+process+for+building+a+new+collection+of+high-quality+digital+teaching+materials+on+climate+and+energy+science&rft.au=Gold%2C+Anne+U%3BLedley%2C+Tamara+Shapiro%3BMcCaffrey%2C+Mark+S%3BBuhr%2C+Susan+M%3BManduca%2C+Cathryn+A%3BNiepold%2C+Frank%3BFox%2C+Sean+P%3BHowell%2C+Cynthia%3BLynds%2C+Susan%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; climate; Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network; collections; curricula; decision-making; education; educational resources; energy; networks; preparation; public awareness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of Oyster Reef Restoration on Primary Productivity and Nutrient Dynamics in Tidal Creeks of the North Central Gulf of Mexico AN - 899162596; 15510287 AB - The ability of oysters to remove large quantities of particulates from the water column, thereby potentially improving water quality, has been cited as one of the reasons for oyster reef restoration. However, this ability has not yet been effectively demonstrated in the field. As part of the Alabama Oyster Reef Restoration Project, this study was designed to assess impacts of restored eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs on primary production, nutrient dynamics, and water quality in shallow tidal creeks. Using a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design, we monitored tidal creeks around Dauphin Island, AL, for changes induced by the introduction of oyster reefs. Reef placement resulted in increased ammonium (NH sub(4) super(+) ) in two of the three experimental creeks. Interestingly, oyster reefs did not seem to reduce water column particulates or have an impact on phytoplankton or microphytobenthic biomass or productivity. We do not believe that our data discount the importance and/or usefulness of oysters in modifying the water column. Rather, we acknowledge that it is difficult to detect these impacts/environmental services in this type of system (i.e., a tidal creek system), because they seem to be very localized and short-lived (i.e., not ecologically relevant on a creek-wide scale). This study highlights the need to consider location and habitat in planning oyster restoration projects. Also, it demonstrates that the types, magnitudes, and spatial extent of changes in ecosystem services that should be expected after reef restoration might need to be re-evaluated. JF - Estuaries and Coasts AU - Plutchak, Rochelle AU - Major, Kelly AU - Cebrian, Just AU - Foster, CDrew AU - Miller, Mary-Elizabeth C AU - Anton, Andrea AU - Sheehan, Kate L AU - Heck, Kenneth L AU - Powers, Sean P AD - Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA, Rochelle.Plutchak@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 1355 EP - 1364 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 1559-2723, 1559-2723 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Reefs KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Phytoplankton KW - Particulates KW - Nutrient dynamics KW - Water quality KW - Primary production KW - Water column KW - oysters KW - Islands KW - Coasts KW - Ammonium compounds KW - nutrient dynamics KW - Marine KW - Ammonium KW - ASW, USA, Alabama, Dauphin I. KW - Data processing KW - Oyster reefs KW - Estuaries KW - Biomass KW - Habitat KW - Creek KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Habitat improvement KW - water column KW - Marine molluscs KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - M2 551.466:Ocean Waves and Tides (551.466) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899162596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries+and+Coasts&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+Oyster+Reef+Restoration+on+Primary+Productivity+and+Nutrient+Dynamics+in+Tidal+Creeks+of+the+North+Central+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Plutchak%2C+Rochelle%3BMajor%2C+Kelly%3BCebrian%2C+Just%3BFoster%2C+CDrew%3BMiller%2C+Mary-Elizabeth+C%3BAnton%2C+Andrea%3BSheehan%2C+Kate+L%3BHeck%2C+Kenneth+L%3BPowers%2C+Sean+P&rft.aulast=Plutchak&rft.aufirst=Rochelle&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries+and+Coasts&rft.issn=15592723&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12237-010-9327-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Oyster reefs; Habitat improvement; Marine molluscs; Nutrients (mineral); Water quality; Creek; Primary production; Ammonium compounds; Reefs; Ammonium; Data processing; Estuaries; Phytoplankton; Nutrient dynamics; Habitat; Biomass; Water column; Islands; Coasts; nutrient dynamics; water quality; oysters; water column; Particulates; Crassostrea virginica; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Alabama, Dauphin I.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9327-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated multibeam and lidar bathymetry data from northeastern Long Island Sound AN - 898160417; 2011-086875 AB - Nearshore areas within Long Island Sound are of great interest to the research and resource management communities of Connecticut and New York because of their ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. Although advances in multibeam echosounder technology permit the construction of high-resolution representations of sea-floor topography in deeper waters, limitations inherent in collecting fixed-angle multibeam data make using this technology in shallower waters (less than 10 meters deep) difficult and expensive. These limitations have often resulted in data gaps between areas for which multibeam bathymetric datasets are available and the adjacent shoreline. To address this problem, we integrated complete-coverage multibeam bathymetric data acquired off New London and Niantic, Connecticut, with hydrographic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data acquired along the nearshore. The resultant datasets are provided as 4-m resolution bathymetric grids in UTM Zone 18 NAD83 and geographic WGS84 projections and are adjusted to mean lower low water. Together these merged data reveal a larger, more continuous perspective of sea-floor topography with a much smaller gap between the digital bathymetric data and the shoreline than previously available. Surveyed depths within the study area range from sea level at mean lower low water to more than 65 m. Exposed bedrock outcrops, boulder lag deposits of the Fishers Island and Clumps moraines, sand-wave fields, and scour depressions reflect the strength of the oscillating tidal currents. Bedform asymmetry allows interpretations of net sediment transport. Anthropogenic artifacts visible in the bathymetric data include a dredged channel, shipwrecks, dredge spoils, mooring anchors, prop-scour depressions, buried cables, and bridge footings. To facilitate access, compatibility, and utility, these datasets are provided online in ESRI raster-grid and GeoTIFF formats at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1231/ JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Poppe, L J AU - Danforth, W W AU - McMullen, K Y AU - Parker, C E AU - Lewit, P G AU - Doran, E F AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 282 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - sand waves KW - resources KW - laser methods KW - erosion KW - artifacts KW - bedding plane irregularities KW - transport KW - Long Island Sound KW - moraines KW - multibeam methods KW - ecology KW - ocean floors KW - sedimentary structures KW - Fishers Island KW - scour KW - high-resolution methods KW - shore features KW - sediment transport KW - human activity KW - echo sounding KW - radar methods KW - nearshore environment KW - Connecticut KW - bedforms KW - tidal currents KW - dredged materials KW - New London KW - New York KW - spoils KW - lidar methods KW - New London County Connecticut KW - bathymetry KW - North Atlantic KW - Niantic Connecticut KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/898160417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Integrated+multibeam+and+lidar+bathymetry+data+from+northeastern+Long+Island+Sound&rft.au=Poppe%2C+L+J%3BDanforth%2C+W+W%3BMcMullen%2C+K+Y%3BParker%2C+C+E%3BLewit%2C+P+G%3BDoran%2C+E+F%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - artifacts; Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; bedding plane irregularities; bedforms; Connecticut; dredged materials; echo sounding; ecology; erosion; Fishers Island; high-resolution methods; human activity; laser methods; lidar methods; Long Island Sound; moraines; multibeam methods; nearshore environment; New London; New London County Connecticut; New York; Niantic Connecticut; North Atlantic; ocean floors; radar methods; remote sensing; resources; sand waves; scour; sediment transport; sedimentary structures; shore features; spoils; tidal currents; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating carrying capacity at the green turtle nesting beach of East Island, French Frigate Shoals AN - 885052278; 14409284 AB - Many sea turtle populations are at a fraction of their historical abundance, and understanding ecological processes, under current and climate change scenarios, is critical for establishing recovery goals. In the Hawaiian Islands, the nesting population of the green turtle Chelonia mydas on East Island, French Frigate Shoals, has been recovering at a rate of 5.7% per year. Climate change models, however, predict a loss in nesting habitat on East Island of up to 30% due to sea level rise by 2100. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the carrying capacity of East Island for hatchlings and nesting females under current conditions and predictions of sea level rise. In the simulation model, density-dependent nest destruction was the primary factor regulating population size. Carrying capacity was reached between 1.9 and 2.1 million hatchlings at current conditions; carrying capacity was approached when 80000 to 120000 nests were laid on the beach, representing 20000 to 30000 nesting females. With a rise in sea level, carrying capacity was reached when 60000 to 100000 nests were laid on the beach. The current mean estimate of 390 nesting females per year, over the past 10 yr, at East Island represents 1.3 to 2% of the females that would nest at carrying capacity. The beach at East Island is well below carrying capacity and is capable of supporting a larger nesting population. However, the availability of suitable coastal habitats may play a bigger role in regulating the Hawaiian green turtle population than available nesting habitat. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Tiwari, Manjula AU - Balazs, George H AU - Hargrove, Stacy AD - Marine Turtle Ecology and Assessment Program, Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, la Jolla, California 92037, USA, manjula.tiwari@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 289 EP - 294 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 419 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Carrying capacity KW - Green turtles KW - Chelonia mydas KW - Nesting KW - Climate change KW - French Frigate Shoals KW - Hawaii KW - Sea level KW - Climatic changes KW - Abundance KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - nests KW - Nests KW - Models KW - Islands KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Marine KW - Juveniles KW - Beaches KW - Simulation KW - turtles KW - Habitat KW - carrying capacity KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii, French Frigate Shoals KW - Currents KW - Shoals KW - Sea level changes KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/885052278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Estimating+carrying+capacity+at+the+green+turtle+nesting+beach+of+East+Island%2C+French+Frigate+Shoals&rft.au=Tiwari%2C+Manjula%3BBalazs%2C+George+H%3BHargrove%2C+Stacy&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Manjula&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=419&rft.issue=&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08833 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Juveniles; Shoals; Nesting; Climate change; Aquatic reptiles; Carrying capacity; Simulation; Reproductive behaviour; Sea level changes; Beaches; Islands; Abundance; Climatic changes; Habitat; Nests; Models; Currents; Sea level; turtles; nests; carrying capacity; Chelonia mydas; ISE, USA, Hawaii, French Frigate Shoals; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08833 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for long-term preservation; data salvage and collaboration AN - 868008020; 2011-043810 AB - The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is leveraging resources from multiple projects and partnerships to rescue and digitize historic analog marine geophysical and geological data, while collaborating with partners around the world to plan for long-term preservation of current and future data streams. A key resource for digitizing historic analog data is the Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP) operated by NGDC's parent organization, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). To date, CDMP has enabled digitization of over 450 gigabytes from NGDC's analog data holdings and more than 720 gigabytes of data from partner institutions. Another 1.6 gigabytes of data have been digitized in support of the interagency effort, lead by the U.S. Department of State to establish the outer limits of the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf (ECS). In addition to data salvage efforts, NGDC is reaching out to partner institutions, agencies, and projects to ensure long-term preservation of marine geological and geophysical data from new programs. NGDC is working closely with the Rolling-Deck-to-Repository (R2R) program to safeguard raw data streams as they come off ships, before they are parsed or processed, and is helping to plan a parallel, NOAA "R2R" program to accomplish similar goals for agency-collected data. Collaborative tools for future data preservation include design of common data protocols, metadata templates and vocabularies and implementation of data submission agreements. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Fischman, David Elon AU - Moore, Carla J AU - Warnken, Robin R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 164 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - National Geophysical Data Center KW - NOAA KW - marine geology KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - data storage KW - information management KW - preservation KW - digitization KW - data management KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/868008020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+long-term+preservation%3B+data+salvage+and+collaboration&rft.au=Fischman%2C+David+Elon%3BMoore%2C+Carla+J%3BWarnken%2C+Robin+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fischman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data management; data processing; data storage; digitization; government agencies; information management; marine geology; National Geophysical Data Center; NOAA; preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preservation and access of tsunami data at NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) AN - 868007745; 2011-043819 AB - NOAA has primary responsibility for providing tsunami warnings to the Nation, and a leadership role in tsunami observations and research. The NESDIS/National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) provides the long-term archive, data management, and access to national and global tsunami data for research and mitigation of tsunami hazards. Archive responsibilities include global historic tsunami event and runup data, deep-ocean and coastal water level data, event-specific tide-gauge data from historic marigrams, photos showing effects and damage from tsunamis, tsunami publications, as well as other related hazards data and information. Much of these data are contained in historic documents and photographs. Through the NOAA Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP), NGDC has rescued over 10,000 digital photographs dating from the 19 (super th) century, over 3,000 historic tide gauge records from 1850-1980, and over 5,000 publications dating from the 15 (super th) century. Much of these tsunami data are currently accessible over the web as tables, reports, images, and interactive maps. NGDC has an effective and widely known distribution system through which data are provided to users in a wide range of disciplines. Scientists, emergency managers, and planners use long-term data from these events, including photographs, to establish the past record of tsunami event occurrences. The data are also important for planning, response, and mitigation of future events and are in danger of being lost if they are not converted to a digital format. If researchers have access to all of the information concerning a past tsunami event it could ultimately lead to lives being saved and property damage avoided. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Stroker, Kelly J AU - McCullough, Heather AU - Dunbar, Paula AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 166 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - tsunamis KW - geologic hazards KW - government agencies KW - information management KW - photography KW - data management KW - tides KW - history KW - mitigation KW - planning KW - National Geophysical Data Center KW - NOAA KW - natural hazards KW - preservation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/868007745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Preservation+and+access+of+tsunami+data+at+NOAA%27s+National+Geophysical+Data+Center+%28NGDC%29&rft.au=Stroker%2C+Kelly+J%3BMcCullough%2C+Heather%3BDunbar%2C+Paula%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Stroker&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data management; geologic hazards; government agencies; history; information management; mitigation; National Geophysical Data Center; natural hazards; NOAA; photography; planning; preservation; tides; tsunamis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contrasting life-cycle impacts of stream flow on two Chinook salmon populations AN - 860397014; 14393731 AB - Stream flow affects many aspects of freshwater fish biology, but the extent to which variation in stream flow influences productivity of anadromous salmonid populations across their entire life cycle is not well known. We compared relationships of stream flow and productivity for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from two systems in the Salmon River basin in Idaho: the Lemhi River, a watershed subjected to intensive water use for irrigation, and Marsh Creek, a drainage with a natural hydrograph. We estimated rates of productivity based on monitoring at four life stages: the number of eggs initiating each cohort, juveniles migrating from the natal tributary past an outmigrant trap, smolts surviving to the Snake River, and adults returning to spawn. Using model selection techniques, we examined whether river flow experienced during these life stages explained variation above and beyond predictors of climate associated with each stage. In the Lemhi River, tributary stream flow during early residence exhibited strong correlations with egg-trap, egg-smolt, and egg-adult return rates, and was consistently a better predictor of productivity than stream flow occurring during late summer. Model selection indicated that early rearing flow was the single best predictor of both egg-trap and trap-smolt transition rates in the Lemhi River, and path analysis revealed a strong set of pathways linking rearing flow to adult return rate primarily through egg-trap productivity. These patterns were much less strongly exhibited or nonexistent in Marsh Creek. However, for both populations, migration flow in the Columbia River was the best predictor of smolt-adult return rates. Potentially confounding climatic variables exhibited relatively weak effects upon both early life histories and tributary flow, but were included in the best models of migration flows and smolt-adult return rate. These results suggest that effects of stream flow on juvenile salmonids in flow-altered systems can have substantial impacts on returning adults. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Arthaud, David L AU - Greene, Correigh M AU - Guilbault, Kimberly AU - Morrow, James V AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, 10095W Emerald Street, Room: 180, Boise, ID, 83704, USA, Jim.morrow@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 171 EP - 188 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 655 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Anadromous species KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - USA, Idaho, Lemhi R. KW - Life cycle KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Migration KW - Streams KW - Eggs KW - Models KW - River Flow KW - Tributaries KW - Fish culture KW - Salmon KW - Rivers KW - USA, Snake R. KW - Freshwater environments KW - Drainage KW - Climate KW - Irrigation KW - River discharge KW - Developmental stages KW - River basins KW - Marshes KW - Creek KW - Model Studies KW - Stream flow KW - Water use KW - Life history KW - Migrations KW - Stream Discharge KW - Productivity KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860397014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Contrasting+life-cycle+impacts+of+stream+flow+on+two+Chinook+salmon+populations&rft.au=Arthaud%2C+David+L%3BGreene%2C+Correigh+M%3BGuilbault%2C+Kimberly%3BMorrow%2C+James+V&rft.aulast=Arthaud&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=655&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10750-010-0419-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anadromous species; Irrigation; Migrations; River discharge; Marshes; Creek; Tributaries; Fish culture; Stream flow; Rivers; Freshwater environments; Drainage; Climate; Developmental stages; Life cycle; River basins; Watersheds; Streams; Migration; Eggs; Models; Water use; Life history; Salmon; River Flow; Stream Discharge; Productivity; Model Studies; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA, Snake R.; USA, Idaho, Lemhi R.; USA, Columbia R.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0419-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Summertime Low-Level Winds Simulated by MM5 in the Central Valley of California AN - 856786354; 14308928 AB - A season-long set of 5-day simulations between 1200 UTC 1 June and 1200 UTC 30 September 2000 are evaluated using the observations taken during the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) 2000 experiment. The simulations are carried out using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is widely used for air-quality simulations and control planning. The evaluation results strongly indicate that the model-simulated low-level winds in California's Central Valley are biased in speed and direction: the simulated winds tend to have a stronger northwesterly component than observed. This bias is related to the difference in the observed and simulated large-scale, upper-level flows. The model simulations also show a bias in the height of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), particularly in the northern and southern Central Valley. There is evidence to suggest that this bias in the daytime ABL height is not only associated with the large-scale, upper-level bias but also linked to apparent differences in the surface forcing. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Michelson, Sara A AU - Djalalova, Irina V AU - Bao, Jian-Wen AD - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Boulder, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA, sara.a.michelson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 2230 EP - 2245 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 49 IS - 11 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts KW - Boundary Layers KW - Air quality KW - Evaluation KW - Planning KW - Regional planning KW - Meteorology KW - Mesoscale model MM5 KW - Climatology KW - USA, California KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - Wind KW - Ozone KW - Climate KW - Simulation KW - Model Studies KW - Numerical simulations KW - Boundary layers KW - USA, California, Central Valley KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - M2 551.555:Specific Locations (551.555) KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Summertime+Low-Level+Winds+Simulated+by+MM5+in+the+Central+Valley+of+California&rft.au=Michelson%2C+Sara+A%3BDjalalova%2C+Irina+V%3BBao%2C+Jian-Wen&rft.aulast=Michelson&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAMC2295.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regional planning; Climatology; Atmospheric boundary layer; Ozone; Numerical simulations; Mesoscale model MM5; Boundary layers; Climate; Simulation; Meteorology; Air quality; Evaluation; Planning; Boundary Layers; Wind; Model Studies; USA, California; USA, California, Central Valley DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2295.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Killer whale predation on penguins in Antarctica AN - 856772193; 14241989 AB - We report here the first published observations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) feeding on penguins in Antarctica. The sightings took place in the Gerlache Strait off the western Antarctic Peninsula during February 2010. Two species of pygoscelid penguins were taken--gentoo (Pygoscelis papua, at least four individuals) and chinstrap (P. antarctica, 2). From remains left at the surface, it was clear that the killer whales fed mainly on the breast muscles, although some penguins may have been swallowed whole. The killer whales were ecotype B, which are purported seal specialists, but we also saw ecotype A, prey specialists on Antarctic minke whales Balaenoptera bonaerensis, chase, but not catch penguins. Because of their small relative size, if penguins are regularly targeted by killer whales in Antarctica, the impact on their populations could be significant. JF - Polar Biology AU - Pitman, Robert L AU - Durban, John W AD - Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA, robert.pitman@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 1589 EP - 1594 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 33 IS - 11 SN - 0722-4060, 0722-4060 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Feeding KW - Food organisms KW - Marine birds KW - Predation KW - PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula KW - Muscles KW - Pygoscelis papua KW - PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula, Gerlache Strait KW - Orcinus orca KW - Mammalian physiology KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Ecotypes KW - Marine mammals KW - Body size KW - Balaenoptera bonaerensis KW - Prey KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856772193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polar+Biology&rft.atitle=Killer+whale+predation+on+penguins+in+Antarctica&rft.au=Pitman%2C+Robert+L%3BDurban%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Pitman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polar+Biology&rft.issn=07224060&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00300-010-0853-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Food organisms; Marine birds; Mammalian physiology; Interspecific relationships; Ecotypes; Marine mammals; Predation; Body size; Feeding; Muscles; Prey; Orcinus orca; Balaenoptera bonaerensis; Pygoscelis papua; PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula, Gerlache Strait; PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0853-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Re-assessment of the stock-recruit and temperature-recruit relationships for Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) AN - 853486887; 14144584 AB - The harvest guideline for Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) incorporates an environmental parameter based on averaged surface temperatures at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier (SIO pier) in La Jolla, California, USA, which would be invoked after a series of cool years to reduce commercial catches using a precautionary decision rule. We revisit the stock-recruit and temperature-recruit relationships underpinning the currently used environmental parameter for sardine assessment and found that the temperature-recruit relationship no longer holds for the SIO pier when time series are updated with data from more recent years. The significance of the correlation between temperature and recruitment was also artificially increased by autocorrelation in the time series. In contrast, the stock-recruit relationship was still valid when recent data were added. SIO pier surface temperatures are warmer than 10 m-depth Southern California Bight (SCB) temperatures where the sardine spawn, and the difference has increased since the late 1970s. Sardine recruitment was also not related to offshore temperatures in the SCB. We demonstrate that the environmental proxy derived from SIO pier temperature, which has never affected the harvest guideline since its implementation, no longer predicts recruitment of Pacific sardine, and should be removed from sardine management.Original Abstract: Les directives pour la recolte des sardines du Pacifique (Sardinops sagax) incorporent une variable environnementale basee sur la moyenne des temperatures en surface au quai de la Scripps Insitution of Oceanography (SIO) a La Jolla, Californie, E.-U., qui pourrait etre invoquee apres une serie d'annees fraiches afin de reduire les recoltes commerciales en utilisant une regle decisionnelle preventive. Nous reexaminons les relations stock-recrues et temperature-recrues qui sous-tendent la variable environnementale couramment utilisee pour l'evaluation des sardines et trouvons que la relation temperature-recrues n'est plus valable pour le quai de la SIO quand les series chronologiques sont mises a jour avec les donnees des annees recentes. La signification de la correlation entre la temperature et le recrutement est aussi artificiellement haussee par l'autocorrelation dans la serie chronologique. En revanche, la relation stock-recrues reste valide apres l'addition des donnees recentes. Les temperatures de surface au quai de la SIO sont superieures aux temperatures a la profondeur de 10 m dans le golfe du Sud de la Californie (SCB) ou les sardines se reproduisent et la difference a augmente depuis la fin des annees 1970. Le recrutement des sardines n'est pas non plus relie aux temperatures du large dans la SCB. Nous demontrons que la variable environnementale de remplacement derivee de la temperature au quai de la SIO ne permet plus de predire le recrutement des sardines du Pacifique et devrait etre exclue de la gestion des sardines. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - McClatchie, Sam AU - Goericke, Ralf AU - Auad, Guillermo AU - Hill, Kevin AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Service, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA., Sam.McClatchie@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 1782 EP - 1790 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656 Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada, [mailto:pubs@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca] VL - 67 IS - 11 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Data processing KW - time series analysis KW - Clupeoid fisheries KW - Recruitment KW - Stock assessment KW - Temperature KW - INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight KW - Oceanography KW - Environmental factors KW - Sardinops sagax KW - Commercial fishing KW - piers KW - Fishery management KW - INE, USA, California, La Jolla KW - guidelines KW - I, Pacific KW - recruitment KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - Q4 27750:Environmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853486887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Re-assessment+of+the+stock-recruit+and+temperature-recruit+relationships+for+Pacific+sardine+%28Sardinops+sagax%29&rft.au=McClatchie%2C+Sam%3BGoericke%2C+Ralf%3BAuad%2C+Guillermo%3BHill%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=McClatchie&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Commercial fishing; Fishery management; Clupeoid fisheries; Stock assessment; Recruitment; Environmental factors; Temperature effects; Data processing; Oceanography; catches; piers; guidelines; time series analysis; Temperature; recruitment; Sardinops sagax; INE, USA, California, La Jolla; I, Pacific; INE, USA, California, Southern California Bight; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors influencing the relative fitness of hatchery and wild spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River, Washington, USA AN - 853486047; 14144572 AB - Understanding the relative fitness of naturally spawning hatchery fish compared with wild fish has become an important issue in the management and conservation of salmonids. We used a DNA-based parentage analysis to measure the relative reproductive success of hatchery- and natural-origin spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the natural environment. Size and age had a large influence on male fitness, with larger and older males producing more offspring than smaller or younger individuals. Size had a significant effect on female fitness, but the effect was smaller than on male fitness. For both sexes, run time had a smaller but still significant effect on fitness, with earlier returning fish favored. Spawning location within the river had a significant effect on fitness for both sexes. Hatchery-origin fish produced about half the juvenile progeny per parent when spawning naturally than did natural-origin fish. Hatchery fish tended to be younger and return to lower areas of the watershed than wild fish, which explained some of their lower fitness.Original Abstract: Pour la gestion et la conservation des salmonides, il est devenu important de comprendre la fitness relative des poissons d'elevage qui frayent naturellement par rapport a celle des poissons sauvages. Nous avons utilise une analyse de filiation basee sur l'ADN pour mesurer le succes reproductif relatif de saumons chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) du printemps provenant d'elevages ou d'origine naturelle dans le milieu naturel. La taille et l'age ont une forte influence sur la fitness des males, car les males plus grands et plus ages produisent plus de descendants que les individus plus petits ou plus jeunes. La taille a un effet significatif sur la fitness des femelles, mais cet effet est moins important que sur la fitness des males. Chez les deux sexes, le moment de la montaison a un effet petit mais neanmoins significatif sur la fitness et les poissons qui reviennent tot sont favorises. Le site de fraie dans la riviere a un effet significatif sur la fitness des deux sexes. Lorsqu'ils frayent naturellement, les poissons d'elevage produisent environ la moitie de la descendance par parent que ne le font les poissons d'origine naturelle. Par comparaison aux poissons sauvages, les poissons d'elevage ont tendance a etre plus jeunes et ils retournent a des sites plus en aval dans le bassin versant, ce qui explique en partie leur fitness reduite. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Williamson, Kevin S AU - Murdoch, Andrew R AU - Pearsons, Todd N AU - Ward, Eric J AU - Ford, Michael J AD - Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA., mike.ford@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 1840 EP - 1851 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 11 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fitness KW - Age KW - Anadromous species KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Offspring KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - spawning KW - Environmental factors KW - USA, Washington KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Fish culture KW - offspring KW - Sex KW - Salmon KW - Rivers KW - Spawning KW - Hatcheries KW - salmon KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - Reproduction KW - Progeny KW - Breeding success KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q4 27790:Fish KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853486047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Factors+influencing+the+relative+fitness+of+hatchery+and+wild+spring+Chinook+salmon+%28Oncorhynchus+tshawytscha%29+in+the+Wenatchee+River%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Kevin+S%3BMurdoch%2C+Andrew+R%3BPearsons%2C+Todd+N%3BWard%2C+Eric+J%3BFord%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1840&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-099 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 60 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Hatcheries; Fishery management; Anadromous species; Watersheds; Environmental factors; Fish culture; Breeding success; Fitness; Age; Conservation; Progeny; Spawning; Sex; salmon; Reproduction; Fish; Offspring; spawning; offspring; Salmon; Fisheries; Fish Hatcheries; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA, Washington; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-099 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Couple's activism in Lebanon: the legacy of Laure Moghaizel AN - 851744735; 4164011 AB - For over half a century Laure Moghaizel struggled alongside her husband, Joseph, to include equal rights for women in Lebanese law and to advocate for women's participation in politics. Considering violations of women's rights to be integral to the broader plight of human rights violations in Lebanon, they successfully brought pressure on the Lebanese government to sign and ratify the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1996. Their example helps us to envision one answer to the general questions with which this article is concerned: how can women exercise their agency while still being embedded in the family structure rather than operating independently of its influence? Can social capital gained from family membership be used to foster women's agency? How can a husband work side by side with his wife to advance women's rights? What can we learn, from the point of view of feminist practice, from a couple who retained the trappings of a traditional marriage and yet devoted themselves to the struggle for women's equality? Remaining in dialogue with liberal and radical feminist literature and the literature on women's activism, while recognizing the salience of cultural differences, this article aspires to answer those questions. Using the writings of Laure Moghaizel, interview data from her close associates, and relevant secondary data, I examine multiple aspects of Laure' activism: the social structures that influenced her activism; her contributions to women's rights; her partnership with her husband; and their approach to framing couples' activism for women's human rights. Based on Laure's own success and her lasting influence in Lebanon and throughout the region, I argue that, contrary to the critique of the nuclear family as an institution of patriarchal oppression, the institutions of marriage and family in Middle Eastern cultures can contribute to the success of feminism. All rights reserved, Elsevier JF - Women's studies international forum AU - Stephan, Rita AD - United States Census Bureau Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 533 EP - 541 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0277-5395, 0277-5395 KW - Sociology KW - Moghaizel, Laure KW - Women's rights KW - Lebanon KW - Family KW - Feminism KW - Activism KW - Married persons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851744735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+studies+international+forum&rft.atitle=Couple%27s+activism+in+Lebanon%3A+the+legacy+of+Laure+Moghaizel&rft.au=Stephan%2C+Rita&rft.aulast=Stephan&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Women%27s+studies+international+forum&rft.issn=02775395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.wsif.2010.09.009 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 551 9749; 13618 11032 9705; 7762 7748 6823; 4748; 4867 6203; 212 254 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2010.09.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overall Status and Threats Assessment of Black Abalone (Haliotis Cracherodii Leach, 1814) Populations in California AN - 851466540; 14036851 AB - The black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) is a relatively large prosobranch gastropod mollusc ranging from approximately Point Arena in northern California to Bahia Tortugas and Isla Guadalupe, Mexico. In the United States, populations of black abalone on offshore islands, especially those of southern California, were particularly large prior to the mid 1980s. Analysis of long-term fishery-dependent and -independent data revealed that fishing pressure in combination with a lethal disease, withering syndrome, has resulted in mass mortalities of 95% or greater in black abalone populations south of Monterey County, CA. Reduction in local densities below the threshold necessary for successful fertilization (0.34/m2) has been a widespread and pervasive consequence of population reductions by withering syndrome and other factors. The most significant current and future threat that the black abalone faces is that imposed by the spread of withering syndrome, known to be enhanced by periods of ocean warming. Other factors, such as illegal take, ocean pollution, and natural predation, also pose risks to remaining populations and those that may be restored via active management in the future. Without identification, development, and implementation of effective measures to counter the population-level effects of withering syndrome, remaining black abalone populations may experience further declines. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Neuman, Melissa AU - Tissot, Brian AU - Vanblaricom, Glenn Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 577 EP - 586 PB - National Shellfisheries Association VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Allee effect KW - black abalone KW - depensation KW - Haliotis cracherodii KW - endangered species KW - long-term trends in abundance KW - threats assessment KW - withering syndrome KW - Symptoms KW - Resource management KW - Haliotis KW - Predation KW - Population density KW - Catch/effort KW - Fish kill KW - Islands KW - Fishery management KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Leaching KW - Gastropoda KW - ISE, Mexico, Baja California Sur, Tortugas Bay KW - Currents KW - INE, USA, California, Point Arena KW - fertilization KW - Marine pollution KW - USA, California, Monterey Cty. KW - Oceans KW - ISE, Mexico KW - Marine molluscs KW - Shellfish KW - Fishing effort KW - fishing KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851466540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Overall+Status+and+Threats+Assessment+of+Black+Abalone+%28Haliotis+Cracherodii+Leach%2C+1814%29+Populations+in+California&rft.au=Neuman%2C+Melissa%3BTissot%2C+Brian%3BVanblaricom%2C+Glenn&rft.aulast=Neuman&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/10.2983%2F035.029.0305 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fish kill; Symptoms; Resource management; Marine pollution; Fishery management; Population density; Marine molluscs; Fishing effort; Catch/effort; Mortality; Currents; fertilization; Islands; Leaching; Oceans; Predation; Shellfish; fishing; Haliotis; Gastropoda; Haliotis cracherodii; INE, USA, California, Point Arena; USA, California, Monterey Cty.; ISE, Mexico; ISE, Mexico, Baja California Sur, Tortugas Bay; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.029.0305 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Merged Statistical Analyses of Historical Monthly Precipitation Anomalies Beginning 1900 AN - 851464047; 14029953 AB - A monthly reconstruction of precipitation beginning in 1900 is presented. The reconstruction resolves interannual and longer time scales and spatial scales larger than 5 degree over both land and oceans. Because of different land and ocean data availability, the reconstruction combines two separate historical reconstructions. One analyzes interannual variations directly by fitting gauge-based anomalies to large-scale spatial modes. This direct reconstruction is used for land anomalies and interannual oceanic anomalies. The other analyzes annual and longer variations indirectly from correlations with analyzed sea surface temperature and sea level pressure. This indirect reconstruction is used for oceanic variations with time scales longer than interannual. In addition, a method of estimating reconstruction errors is also presented. Over land the reconstruction is a filtered representation of the gauge data with data gaps filled. Over oceans the reconstruction gives an estimate of the atmospheric response to changing temperature and pressure, combined with interannual variations. The reconstruction makes it possible to evaluate global precipitation variations for periods much longer than the satellite period, which begins in 1979. Evaluations show some large-scale similarities with coupled model precipitation variations over the twentieth century, including an increasing tendency over the century. The reconstructed land and sea trends tend to be out of phase at low latitudes, similar to the out-of-phase relationship for interannual variations. This reconstruction may be used for climate monitoring, for statistical climate studies of the twentieth century, and for helping to evaluate dynamic climate models. In the future the possibility of improving the reconstruction will be explored by further improving the analysis methods and including additional data. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Smith, Thomas M AU - Arkin, Phillip A AU - P Sapiano, Mathew R AU - Chang, Ching-Yee AD - NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/SCSB, and CICS/ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland, tom.smith@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 5755 EP - 5770 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 23 IS - 21 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Precipitation KW - Sea surface temperature KW - Annual variations KW - Statistical techniques KW - Satellite observations KW - Remote Sensing KW - Climate change KW - Statistical analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Sea surface temperature anomalies KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Paleoceanography KW - Sea trends KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Climate models KW - Climates KW - Temperature KW - Global precipitation KW - Sea level pressure KW - Model Studies KW - Interannual variability KW - Sea level pressures KW - Oceans KW - Latitudinal variations KW - Monitoring KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.581:Latitudinal Influences (551.581) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851464047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Merged+Statistical+Analyses+of+Historical+Monthly+Precipitation+Anomalies+Beginning+1900&rft.au=Smith%2C+Thomas+M%3BArkin%2C+Phillip+A%3BP+Sapiano%2C+Mathew+R%3BChang%2C+Ching-Yee&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=5755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3530.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Latitudinal variations; Climate change; Statistical analysis; Ocean-atmosphere system; Sea level pressure; Sea trends; Sea level pressures; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Interannual variability; Climate models; Global precipitation; Paleoceanography; Precipitation; Remote Sensing; Evaluation; Oceans; Climates; Statistical Analysis; Temperature; Monitoring; Model Studies; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3530.1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Exploring the Digital Nation: Home Broadband Internet Adoption in the United States AN - 822507130; ED513443 AB - The Internet has revolutionized the social and economic environment in which people live by providing an alternative or supplemental channel for communication, gathering and disseminating information, entertainment, commerce, and education. Household use of high-speed, or broadband, Internet services has risen dramatically during this decade which demonstrates the key role the Internet plays in the everyday lives of many individuals. Nonetheless, not everyone either uses the Internet or has access to it. This report, prepared jointly by the Commerce Department's Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) "and" National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), seeks to explain differences in broadband Internet use among households. This report builds on the findings of the NTIA report published earlier in 2010 in order to more fully explore the differences in broadband Internet use among households with different characteristics. In addition, this report analyzes the main reasons provided by households for non-adoption, characteristics associated with a lag in technology adoption, and long-term growth in home broadband Internet use across population subgroups and geographic locations. The next section describes the data and methodology employed in this study. Section 3 looks at the pattern of household Internet use in 2007 and 2009. Section 4 shows how demographic characteristics and geographic location of households are associated with home broadband Internet adoption. Section 5 analyzes the main reasons provided by households for non-adoption. Section 6 analyzes who lags in technology adoption by comparing users of dial-up Internet services with users of broadband Internet services. Section 7 looks at broadband Internet adoption by people with disabilities. Finally, Section 8 studies long-term changes in home broadband and Internet use by comparing the most recent data from 2009 with that from 2001, and Section 9 provides some concluding marks. An appendix is included. (Contains 37 tables, 12 footnotes, and 9 figures.) [This paper was prepared by the Commerce Department's Economics and Statistics Administration.] Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 68 PB - National Telecommunications and Information Administration. US Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20230. KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Technological Advancement KW - Geographic Location KW - Influence of Technology KW - Educational Attainment KW - Telecommunications KW - Economic Climate KW - Computer Use KW - Computer Attitudes KW - Disabilities KW - Role KW - Economic Status KW - Family (Sociological Unit) KW - Internet KW - Predictor Variables KW - Social Environment KW - Adoption (Ideas) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/822507130?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM) AN - 817608816; 13971524 AB - The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) has been operationally generating sea surface temperature (SST) products (T sub(S)) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard NOAA and MetOp-A satellites since the early 1980s. Customarily, T sub(S) are validated against in situ SSTs. However, in situ data are sparse and are not available globally in near-real time (NRT). This study describes a complementary SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM), which employs global level 4 (L4) SST fields as a reference standard (T sub(R)) and performs statistical analyses of the differences T sub(S) = T sub(S) - T sub(R). The results are posted online in NRT. The T sub(S) data that are analyzed are the heritage National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) SST products from NOAA-16, -17, -18, and -19 and MetOp-A from 2001 to the present. The T sub(R) fields include daily Reynolds, real-time global (RTG), Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA), and Ocean Data Analysis System for Marine Environment and Security for the European Area (MERSEA) (ODYSSEA) analyses. Using multiple fields facilitates the distinguishing of artifacts in satellite SSTs from those in the L4 products. Global distributions of T sub(S) are mapped and their histograms are analyzed for proximity to Gaussian shape. Outliers are handled using robust statistics, and the Gaussian parameters are trended in time to monitor SST products for stability and consistency. Additional T sub(S) checks are performed to identify retrieval artifacts by plotting T sub(S) versus observational parameters. Cross-platform T sub(S) biases are evaluated using double differences, and cross-L4 T sub(R) differences are assessed using Hovmoeller diagrams. SQUAM results compare well with the customary in situ validation. All satellite products show a high degree of self- and cross-platform consistency, except for NOAA-16, which has flown close to the terminator in recent years and whose AVHRR is unstable. JF - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology AU - Dash, Prasanjit AU - Ignatov, Alexander AU - Kihai, Yury AU - Sapper, John AD - NOAA/NESDIS, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Camp Springs, Maryland, and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmospheres, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, prasanjit.dash@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 1899 EP - 1917 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 27 IS - 11 SN - 0739-0572, 0739-0572 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Quality assurance/control KW - Sea surface temperature KW - Satellite observations KW - Infrared radiation KW - Remote Sensing KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Sea surface KW - Statistics KW - Information services KW - Temperature KW - Statistical analysis KW - Sea ice temperatures KW - Surface temperature KW - U.S. satellite, NOAA KW - Radiometers KW - Shape KW - Satellite data KW - Sea ice KW - Oceans KW - Sea Ice KW - AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Standards KW - Histograms KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - M2 551.326:Floating Ice (551.326) KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817608816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.atitle=The+SST+Quality+Monitor+%28SQUAM%29&rft.au=Dash%2C+Prasanjit%3BIgnatov%2C+Alexander%3BKihai%2C+Yury%3BSapper%2C+John&rft.aulast=Dash&rft.aufirst=Prasanjit&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1899&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.issn=07390572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JTECHO756.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radiometers; Sea surface; Information services; Surface temperature; U.S. satellite, NOAA; Sea ice; Satellite data; AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer); Statistical analysis; Histograms; Sea ice temperatures; Sea surface temperatures; Remote Sensing; Shape; Satellite Technology; Statistics; Oceans; Sea Ice; Statistical Analysis; Temperature; Standards; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHO756.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New technique to analyse global distributions of CO2 concentrations and fluxes from non-processed observational data AN - 815541001; 13888379 AB - ABSTRACTWe have developed a new observational screening technique for inverse model. This technique was applied to our transport models with re-analysed meteorological data and the inverse model to estimate the global distribution of CO2 concentrations and fluxes. During the 1990s, we estimated a total CO2 uptake by the biosphere of 1.4-1.5 PgC yr-1 and a total CO2 uptake by the oceans of 1.7-1.8 PgC yr-1. The uncertainty of global CO2 flux estimation is about 0.3 PgC yr-1. We also obtained monthly surface CO2 concentrations in the marine boundary layer to precisions of 0.5-1.0 ppm. To utilize non-processed (statistical monthly mean) observational data in our analysis, we developed a quality control procedure for such observational data including a repetition of inversion. This technique is suitable for other inversion setups. Observational data by ships were placed into grids and used in our analysis to add to the available data from fixed stations. The estimated global distributions are updated and extended every year. JF - Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology AU - Maki, T AU - Ikegami, M AU - Fujita, T AU - Hirahara, T AU - Yamada, K AU - Mori, K AU - Takeuchi, A AU - Tsutsumi, Y AU - Suda, K AU - Conway, T J AD - 6Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 797 EP - 809 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0280-6509, 0280-6509 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Screening KW - Meteorological data KW - Boundary Layers KW - Statistical analysis KW - Biosphere KW - Data reanalysis KW - Inversions KW - Model Studies KW - Marine atmospheric boundary layer KW - Oceans KW - Boundary layers KW - Quality control KW - Precision KW - Absorption KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Fixed stations KW - Fluctuations KW - Quality Control KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - O 2090:Instruments/Methods KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815541001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tellus.+Series+B%3A+Chemical+and+Physical+Meteorology&rft.atitle=New+technique+to+analyse+global+distributions+of+CO2+concentrations+and+fluxes+from+non-processed+observational+data&rft.au=Maki%2C+T%3BIkegami%2C+M%3BFujita%2C+T%3BHirahara%2C+T%3BYamada%2C+K%3BMori%2C+K%3BTakeuchi%2C+A%3BTsutsumi%2C+Y%3BSuda%2C+K%3BConway%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Maki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=797&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tellus.+Series+B%3A+Chemical+and+Physical+Meteorology&rft.issn=02806509&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0889.2010.00488.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Screening; Meteorological data; Quality control; Boundary layers; Fixed stations; Carbon dioxide; Inversions; Marine atmospheric boundary layer; Statistical analysis; Biosphere; Data reanalysis; Ships; Oceans; Precision; Boundary Layers; Absorption; Quality Control; Fluctuations; Model Studies; Carbon Dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00488.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities AN - 762281423; 13816627 AB - Summary1. In this review, we first summarize how hydrologic connectivity has been studied for riverine fish capable of moving long distances, and then identify research opportunities that have clear conservation significance. Migratory species, such as anadromous salmonids, are good model organisms for understanding ecological connectivity in rivers because the spatial scale over which movements occur among freshwater habitats is large enough to be easily observed with available techniques; they are often economically or culturally valuable with habitats that can be easily fragmented by human activities; and they integrate landscape conditions from multiple surrounding catchment(s) with in-river conditions. Studies have focussed on three themes: (i) relatively stable connections (connections controlled by processes that act over broad spatio-temporal scales >1000 km2 and >100 years); (ii) dynamic connections (connections controlled by processes acting over fine to moderate spatio-temporal scales 61-1000 km2 and <1-100 years); and (iii) anthropogenic influences on hydrologic connectivity, including actions that disrupt or enhance natural connections experienced by fish.2. We outline eight challenges to understanding the role of connectivity in riverine fish ecology, organized under three foci: (i) addressing the constraints of river structure; (ii) embracing temporal complexity in hydrologic connectivity; and (iii) managing connectivity for riverine fishes. Challenges include the spatial structure of stream networks, the force and direction of flow, scale-dependence of connectivity, shifting boundaries, complexity of behaviour and life histories and quantifying anthropogenic influence on connectivity and aligning management goals. As we discuss each challenge, we summarize relevant approaches in the literature and provide additional suggestions for improving research and management of connectivity for riverine fishes.3. Specifically, we suggest that rapid advances are possible in the following arenas: (i) incorporating network structure and river discharge into analyses; (ii) increasing explicit consideration of temporal complexity and fish behaviour in the scope of analyses; and (iii) parsing degrees of human and natural influences on connectivity and defining acceptable alterations. Multiscale analyses are most likely to identify dominant patterns of connections and disconnections, and the appropriate scale at which to focus conservation activities. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Fullerton, Ah AU - Burnett, K M AU - Steel, E A AU - FLITCROFT, R L AU - PESS, G R AU - Feist, B E AU - Torgersen, Ce AU - Miller, D J AU - Sanderson, B L AD - *NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. 1, aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 2215 EP - 2237 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - migratory fish KW - movement barriers KW - river network KW - spatial structure KW - Anadromous species KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Geomorphology KW - Fishery management KW - River Flow KW - Salmonidae KW - Fish culture KW - Rivers KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Freshwater environments KW - Landscape KW - Recruitment KW - River discharge KW - Habitat KW - Aquaculture economics KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Stream KW - Boundaries KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - Human factors KW - Catchment area KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Streams KW - Models KW - spatial distribution KW - Migratory species KW - Life history KW - Reviews KW - Scales KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - Q1 08105:Research programmes, expeditions and vessels KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - ENA 19:Water Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762281423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Hydrological+connectivity+for+riverine+fish%3A+measurement+challenges+and+research+opportunities&rft.au=Fullerton%2C+Ah%3BBurnett%2C+K+M%3BSteel%2C+E+A%3BFLITCROFT%2C+R+L%3BPESS%2C+G+R%3BFeist%2C+B+E%3BTorgersen%2C+Ce%3BMiller%2C+D+J%3BSanderson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Fullerton&rft.aufirst=Ah&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2427.2010.02448.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 205 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Aquaculture economics; Fishery management; Stream; Anadromous species; Anthropogenic factors; River discharge; Freshwater fish; Fish culture; Rivers; Freshwater environments; Recruitment; Landscape; Habitat; Streams; Models; Life history; Scales; Reviews; Boundaries; Conservation; spatial distribution; Migratory species; anthropogenic factors; Fish; Human factors; Geomorphology; Aquatic Habitats; River Flow; Salmonidae; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02448.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Aerosol on the Susceptibility and Efficiency of Precipitation in Warm Trade Cumulus Clouds AN - 1777151392; 14029972 AB - Large-eddy simulations of warm, trade wind cumulus clouds are conducted for a range of aerosol conditions with a focus on precipitating clouds. Individual clouds are tracked over the course of their lifetimes. Precipitation rate decreases progressively as aerosol increases. For larger, precipitating clouds, the polluted clouds have longer lifetimes because of precipitation suppression. For clean aerosol conditions, there is good agreement between the average model precipitation rate and that calculated based on observed radar reflectivity Z and precipitation rate R relationships. Precipitation rate can be expressed as a power-law function of liquid water path (LWP) and N sub(d), to reasonable accuracy. The respective powers for LWP and N sub(d) are of similar magnitude compared to those based on observational studies of stratocumulus clouds. The time-integrated precipitation rate represented by a power-law function of LWP, N sub(d), and cloud lifetime is much more reliably predicted than is R expressed in terms of LWP and N sub(d) alone. The precipitation susceptibility (S sub(o) = -dlnR/dlnN sub(d)) that quantifies the sensitivity of precipitation to changes in N sub(d) depends strongly on LWP and exhibits nonmonotonic behavior with a maximum at intermediate LWP values. The relationship between S sub(o) and precipitation efficiency is explored and the importance of including dependence on N sub(d) in the latter is highlighted. The results provide trade cumulus cloud population statistics, as well as relationships between microphysical/macrophysical properties and precipitation, that are amenable for use in larger-scale models. JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Jiang, Hongli AU - Feingold, Graham AU - Sorooshian, Armin AD - Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado hongli.jiang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 3525 EP - 3540 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0022-4928, 0022-4928 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Clouds KW - Aerosols KW - Statistics KW - Mathematical models KW - Neodymium KW - Accuracy KW - Precipitation KW - Cumulus clouds KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777151392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Aerosol+on+the+Susceptibility+and+Efficiency+of+Precipitation+in+Warm+Trade+Cumulus+Clouds&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Hongli%3BFeingold%2C+Graham%3BSorooshian%2C+Armin&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=Hongli&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.issn=00224928&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAS3484.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3484.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall Reinforcement Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones AN - 1777143763; 14029961 AB - Landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) often bring about heavy rainfall, which typically decreases with the weakening of the TCs. However, some TCs may suddenly be reinvigorated after they become remnants over land. Such TCs may produce even stronger rains than those at the time of their landfall. This reinvigorating phenomenon is known as "rainfall reinforcement associated with landfalling tropical cyclones" (RRLTC). The TCs triggering rainfall reinforcement account for 9.7% of the total number of TCs that make landfall on mainland China and often cause problems and surprises for forecasters. The TCs with rainfall reinforcement mostly make landfall in the area of the southeastern coast of China and move primarily along two tracks, spreading northward or westward. RRLTC often occurs in the remnant of a tropical depression that has already been downgraded from typhoon intensity, particularly in a period when the remnant has slowed down or even stagnated. The highest frequency of RRLTC occurrence is during the third day after landfall and in the northeast quadrant of a TC moving northward and the southwest quadrants of a TC moving westward. Diagnostic analysis shows that an RRLTC with a northward track can be mainly attributed to the interaction between westerly troughs and the tropical cyclone. In this way, a remnant gains baroclinic energy from the midlatitude trough. Such an interaction does not appear for northward track TCs without rainfall reinforcement. Rainfall reinforcement for TCs with a westward track is mainly due to the interaction between monsoon surge cloud clusters and tropical cyclones, which is favorable for moisture and latent heat gain. Analyses show that the westward TCs would not have rainfall reinforcement without such an interaction. RRLTC requires new energy transport into TCs. The results of the present study indicate that baroclinic potential energy and latent heat are the two major energy sources that will trigger the remnant revival and rainfall reinforcement. Land surface topography also plays an important role in increasing the rainfall of TCs. JF - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Dong, Meiying AU - Chen, Lianshou AU - Li, Ying AU - Lu, Chungu AD - State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, and Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, and Zhejiang Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Hangzhou, China Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 3541 EP - 3558 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0022-4928, 0022-4928 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Climatology KW - Latent heating/cooling KW - Rainfall KW - Statistical techniques KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Cyclones KW - Quadrants KW - Land KW - Gain KW - Reinforcement KW - Latent heat KW - China KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777143763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rainfall+Reinforcement+Associated+with+Landfalling+Tropical+Cyclones&rft.au=Dong%2C+Meiying%3BChen%2C+Lianshou%3BLi%2C+Ying%3BLu%2C+Chungu&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Meiying&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences&rft.issn=00224928&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAS3268.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3268.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residue-based mercury dose-response in fish: An analysis using lethality-equivalent test endpoints AN - 1777116904; 14430041 AB - Dose-response relationships for aquatic organisms have been developed for numerous contaminants using external media exposures (water and sediment). Dose-response relationships based on internal concentrations (tissue residues) are limited. The present study reports Hg dose-response curves for early life stage and juvenile or adult fish based on published tissue-residue toxicity studies. These curves rely primarily on endpoints that can be directly related to mortality, such as survival, reproductive success, and lethal developmental abnormalities. These lethality-equivalent endpoints were linked using the common metric of injury. Uncertainties and potential applications of this mercury dose-response curve are discussed. Major uncertainties include lab to field extrapolations, biological endpoints selected by investigators, interspecific extrapolations, and the paucity of published early life stage residue (dose)-response information. To the extent this curve is based exclusively on laboratory toxicity tests and does not consider other potentially sensitive and ecologically important biological endpoints (e.g., growth and behavior), the magnitude of the adverse effects predicted by the curve may be underestimated. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Dillon, Tom AU - Beckvar, Nancy AU - Kern, John AD - Office of Response and Restoration, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund, 61 Forsyth Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 tom.dillon@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 01 SP - 2559 EP - 2565 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 29 IS - 11 SN - 1552-8618, 1552-8618 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Fish KW - Mercury KW - Injury KW - Dose-response KW - Residue-effects KW - Uncertainty KW - Residues KW - Extrapolation KW - Biological KW - Toxicity KW - Adults KW - Contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777116904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Residue-based+mercury+dose-response+in+fish%3A+An+analysis+using+lethality-equivalent+test+endpoints&rft.au=Dillon%2C+Tom%3BBeckvar%2C+Nancy%3BKern%2C+John&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=15528618&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fetc.314 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.314 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impacts of ENSO and AO/NAO on the Interannual Variability of Great Lakes Ice Cover AN - 1765958703; PQ0002620915 AB - The impacts of El Nino and South Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on Great Lakes ice cover were investigated using ice observations for winters 1963-2008 and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data. Signatures of ENSO and AO/NAO were found in Great Lakes ice cover. However, the impacts are nonlinear and asymmetric. Strong El Nino events are often associated with least ice cover on the Great Lakes, while the impacts of weak El Nino and La Nina events (of all intensities) on the Great Lakes are marginally significant. Negative AO/NAO events are often associated with severe ice cover, while positive AO/NAO events often lead to lower ice cover. The strong El Nino and negative AO/NAO events account for about 50% of the least and severe ice cover winters on the Great Lakes, respectively. The interference of the effects of ENSO and AO/NAO over the Great Lakes makes the relationships complicated. This may be an important cause of nonlinear and asymmetric responses of the regional climate and Great Lakes ice to ENSO and AO/NAO. Based on the cross composite analysis, it is found that during the simultaneous occurrence of El Nino (La Nina) and + AO (-AO) events, Great Lakes ice cover tends to be least (severe). JF - NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL AU - Bai, Xuezhi AU - Wang, Jia AU - Sellinger, Cynthia AU - Clites, Anne AU - Assel, Raymond AD - NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor MI 48105-2945 United States VL - 152 SN - 0733-4044, 0733-4044 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Variability KW - Oscillations KW - ice cover KW - Freshwater KW - El Nino KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Ice observations KW - Arctic KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Marine KW - Lake Ice KW - Ice Cover KW - Climates KW - Southern Oscillation KW - PN, Arctic KW - Lake ice KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - AN, North Atlantic, North Atlantic Oscillation KW - Ice cover KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765958703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+GLERL&rft.atitle=The+Impacts+of+ENSO+and+AO%2FNAO+on+the+Interannual+Variability+of+Great+Lakes+Ice+Cover&rft.au=Bai%2C+Xuezhi%3BWang%2C+Jia%3BSellinger%2C+Cynthia%3BClites%2C+Anne%3BAssel%2C+Raymond&rft.aulast=Bai&rft.aufirst=Xuezhi&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NOAA+Technical+Memorandum+GLERL&rft.issn=07334044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lake ice; Oscillations; El Nino; Atmospheric forcing; Ocean-atmosphere system; Ice observations; Ice cover; El Nino phenomena; Southern Oscillation; Prediction; Variability; Lake Ice; Ice Cover; Climates; ice cover; Arctic; PN, Arctic; North America, Great Lakes; AN, North Atlantic, North Atlantic Oscillation; Marine; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How Does Climate Change Affect the Bering Sea Ecosystem? AN - 1712566811; PQ0001955570 AB - The Bering Sea is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, sustaining nearly half of U.S. annual commercial fish catches and providing food and cultural value to thousands of coastal and island residents. Fish and crab are abundant in the Bering Sea; whales, seals, and seabirds migrate there every year. In winter, the topography, latitude, atmosphere, and ocean circulation combine to produce a sea ice advance in the Bering Sea unmatched elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere, and in spring the retreating ice; longer daylight hours; and nutrient-rich, deep-ocean waters forced up onto the broad continental shelf result in intense marine productivity (Figure 1). This seasonal ice cover is a major driver of Bering Sea ecology, making this ecosystem particularly sensitive to changes in climate. Predicted changes in ice cover in the coming decades have intensified concern about the future of this economically and culturally important region. In response, the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) entered into a partnership in 2007 to support the Bering Sea Project, a comprehensive $52 million investigation to understand how climate change is affecting the Bering Sea ecosystem, ranging from lower trophic levels (e.g., plankton) to fish, seabirds, marine mammals, and, ultimately, humans. The project integrates two research programs, the NSF Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST) and the NPRB Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP), with substantial in-kind contributions from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. JF - EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Sigler, M F AU - Harvey, H R AU - Ashjian, J AU - Lomas, M W AU - Napp, J M AU - Stabeno, P J AU - Van Pelt, TI AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Juneau. Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 457 EP - 458 PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., 1105 N Market St Wilmington DE 19801 VL - 91 IS - 48 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine productivity KW - Climate change KW - Nutrients KW - American Geophysical Union KW - Ecology KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Seabirds KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Fish culture KW - Topography KW - Ice KW - Marine birds KW - Decapoda KW - Ocean circulation KW - Seals KW - Catches KW - Aquaculture economics KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Oceanic circulation KW - Sea ice KW - Intensive culture KW - Marine mammals KW - Fish KW - Cetacea KW - Research programs KW - Aquatic birds KW - Ice cover KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09424:Applied economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1712566811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EOS%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=How+Does+Climate+Change+Affect+the+Bering+Sea+Ecosystem%3F&rft.au=Sigler%2C+M+F%3BHarvey%2C+H+R%3BAshjian%2C+J%3BLomas%2C+M+W%3BNapp%2C+J+M%3BStabeno%2C+P+J%3BVan+Pelt%2C+TI&rft.aulast=Sigler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EOS%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010EO480001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquaculture economics; Sea ice; Marine birds; Intensive culture; Marine mammals; Climate change; Marine crustaceans; Fish culture; Ice cover; Ecology; Oceanic circulation; Marine productivity; Seabirds; Marine ecosystems; American Geophysical Union; Topography; Ice; Ocean circulation; Nutrients; Seals; Catches; Sulfur dioxide; Fish; Aquatic birds; Research programs; Decapoda; Cetacea; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010EO480001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caribbean islands in a changing climate AN - 1448371593; 4499258 JF - Environment AU - Pulwarty, Roger S AU - Nurse, Leonard A AU - Trotz, Ulric O AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ; University of the West Indies ; University of Guyana Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 16 EP - 27 VL - 52 IS - 6 SN - 0013-9157, 0013-9157 KW - Economics KW - Political Science KW - Tourism KW - Marine resources KW - Climate change KW - Caribbean KW - Environmental effects KW - Water resources KW - Global warming KW - Environmental policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448371593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment&rft.atitle=Caribbean+islands+in+a+changing+climate&rft.au=Pulwarty%2C+Roger+S%3BNurse%2C+Leonard+A%3BTrotz%2C+Ulric+O&rft.aulast=Pulwarty&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment&rft.issn=00139157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F00139157.2010.522460 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-11-04 N1 - Last updated - 2013-11-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 4318 4109 2088 10642 2688 2449 10404; 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 5515 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 13484 13467 9511 4309; 7688 8570; 4336 5574 10472; 12794 7336 3198; 77 14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2010.522460 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proposal for an international network of MPAs: Islands in the stream AN - 1257754163; 17432901 AB - This paper describes an opportunity to create an international network of MPAs around the Gulf of Mexico, working through collaboration with partner nations around the Caribbean and utilizing the concept of connectivity throughout the region. A network in the comparably-complex Gulf of Mexico region could protect sensitive marine areas such as interconnected deep water coral banks and hard-bottom communities vital to the health and sustainability of the region's marine resources. Historically considered and managed as isolated environments, recent discoveries have documented important biological linkages between these underwater communities that are maintained by the clockwise motion of the Yucatan, Loop and Florida currents. Individual reefs and banks, some of which are connected by bathymetric ridges and scarps, provide a nearly-continuous "corridor" from Cuba, Belize and Mexico, then into the Gulf itself. Though separated by large expanses of ocean, the fishes, corals, and invertebrates common to these reefs and banks demonstrate that the health and vitality of resources "downstream" are linked closely to those located "upstream". They are dependent on one another for continued recruitment and replenishment. The Gulf of Mexico region is important for several human uses, which can be preserved so that conservation goals are met while respecting ongoing recreational and economic activity. Existing uses of the Gulf of Mexico can co-exist with a highly protected network of marine protected areas. This paper explores a strategy to establish an international network of MPAs. JF - Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute AU - Causey, Billy D AD - NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries 33 East Quay Rd. Key West, Florida 33040 USA, Billy.Causev@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 294 EP - 296 PB - Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, c/o Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc. Fort Pierce FL 34946 United States VL - 63 SN - 2152-9140, 2152-9140 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Resource management KW - Recruitment KW - Man-induced effects KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - ASW, Mexico, Yucatan KW - Coral reefs KW - Stream KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Cuba KW - Marine parks KW - Nature conservation KW - Escarpments KW - ASW, Belize KW - ASW, Atlantic, Florida Current KW - Environment management KW - Q1 08626:Food technology KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257754163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Gulf+and+Caribbean+Fisheries+Institute&rft.atitle=Proposal+for+an+international+network+of+MPAs%3A+Islands+in+the+stream&rft.au=Causey%2C+Billy+D&rft.aulast=Causey&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Gulf+and+Caribbean+Fisheries+Institute&rft.issn=21529140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Stream; Coral reefs; Recruitment; Nature conservation; Marine parks; Escarpments; Man-induced effects; Environment management; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, Mexico, Yucatan; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Cuba; ASW, Belize; ASW, Atlantic, Florida Current; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workshop for development of sustainable practices for marine cage culture operations in the U.S. Caribbean AN - 1257750318; 17432938 AB - On November 2nd and 3 rd, 2010 the NOAA Aquaculture Program and NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, in cooperation with Puerto Rico Sea Grant and the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI), hosted the Workshop for Development of Sustainable Practices for Marine Cage Culture Operations in the U.S. Caribbean. This one and a half day invited workshop was convened in conjunction with the 2010 GCFI annual meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The purpose of the workshop was to facilitate exchange of scientific and regulatory information as a first step toward developing environmental guidelines for marine cage culture operations in the U.S. Caribbean. Discussions focused on exchanging scientific information and identifying areas of uncertainty and knowledge gaps for marine cage culture operations. Break-out sessions were held to identify key elements for regional Best Management Practices (BMPs) for marine cage culture operations in territorial waters of the U.S. Caribbean. A second workshop will be held to seek input from additional experts and continue development of the regional BMPs. JF - Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute AU - Beck, Jessica AU - O'Brien, David AU - Koss, Jennifer AU - Fairey, Elizabeth AU - Morris, James AU - Lilyestrom, Craig AU - Ojeda, Edgardo AU - Price, Carol AD - NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Regional Office, 263 13th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 USA, jess.beck@noa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 500 EP - 504 PB - Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, c/o Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc. Fort Pierce FL 34946 United States VL - 63 SN - 2152-9140, 2152-9140 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Conferences KW - Best practices KW - Guidelines KW - Grants KW - Sustainable development KW - Aquaculture KW - Territorial waters KW - USA KW - Aquaculture development KW - Fishery management KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico KW - Coral reefs KW - Fisheries KW - Cage culture KW - Nature conservation KW - Conservation KW - Environment management KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257750318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Gulf+and+Caribbean+Fisheries+Institute&rft.atitle=Workshop+for+development+of+sustainable+practices+for+marine+cage+culture+operations+in+the+U.S.+Caribbean&rft.au=Beck%2C+Jessica%3BO%27Brien%2C+David%3BKoss%2C+Jennifer%3BFairey%2C+Elizabeth%3BMorris%2C+James%3BLilyestrom%2C+Craig%3BOjeda%2C+Edgardo%3BPrice%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Gulf+and+Caribbean+Fisheries+Institute&rft.issn=21529140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Territorial waters; Conferences; Fishery management; Aquaculture development; Coral reefs; Nature conservation; Cage culture; Sustainable development; Aquaculture; Environment management; Best practices; Fisheries; Grants; Guidelines; Conservation; USA; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of seascape complexity for resilient fish habitat and sustainable fisheries AN - 1257749091; 17432926 AB - Seascape ecology studies indicate that the spatial arrangement of habitat types and the topographic complexity of the seascape are major environmental drivers of fish distributions and diversity across coral reef ecosystems. Impairment of one component of an ecologically functional habitat mosaic and reduction in the architectural complexity of coral reefs is likely to lower the quality of habitat for many fish including important fished species. Documented declines in coral cover and topographic complexity are reported from a decade of long-term coral reef ecosystem monitoring in SW Puerto Rico. To examine broader scale impacts we use "reef flattening scenarios" and spatial predictive modeling to demonstrate how declining seascape complexity will lead to contractions and fragmentation in the local spatial distribution of fish. This change may result in impaired connectivity, cascading impacts to ecological functioning and reduced resilience to environmental stressors. We propose that a shift in perspective is needed towards a more holistic and spatially-explicit seascape approach to ecosystem-based management that can help monitor structural change, predict ecological consequences, guide targeted restoration efforts and inform spatial prioritization in marine spatial planning. JF - Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute AU - Pittman, Simon J AU - Costa, Bryan AU - Jeffrey, Christopher F G AU - Caldow, Chris AD - Biogeography Branch, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 USA; Marine Science Center, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, VI00802, U.S. Virgin Islands, simon.pittman@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - Nov 2010 SP - 420 EP - 426 PB - Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, c/o Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc. Fort Pierce FL 34946 United States VL - 63 SN - 2152-9140, 2152-9140 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Ecosystems KW - Spatial distribution KW - Environmental planning KW - Ecological distribution KW - Environmental impact KW - Biodiversity KW - Topographic effects KW - Habitat KW - Fishery management KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico KW - Marine environment KW - Coral reefs KW - Depleted stocks KW - Prediction models KW - Fish KW - Environmental stress KW - Environment management KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257749091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Gulf+and+Caribbean+Fisheries+Institute&rft.atitle=Importance+of+seascape+complexity+for+resilient+fish+habitat+and+sustainable+fisheries&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Simon+J%3BCosta%2C+Bryan%3BJeffrey%2C+Christopher+F+G%3BCaldow%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Gulf+and+Caribbean+Fisheries+Institute&rft.issn=21529140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Fishery management; Coral reefs; Ecological distribution; Depleted stocks; Environmental impact; Biodiversity; Topographic effects; Environment management; Spatial distribution; Ecosystems; Marine environment; Environmental planning; Prediction models; Environmental stress; Fish; Habitat; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teaching with Great Lakes data AN - 1030489641; 2012-068362 AB - It is important for students to use real data when investigating a question or problem. Students have great difficulty with designing and conducting a research project and many feel that using data that is supplied to them is not "doing" science. A number of organizations are now making their scientific data available for use by the educational community. However, many educators and students have found geoscience data difficult to find and use. Ledley et al. (2008) suggests that organizations use educationally relevant review criteria for their data sites. As part of a National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) research project, a website was developed by Michigan Sea Grant using the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's (GLERL) scientific data about the Great Lakes. This website is called Teaching with Great Lakes Data http://www.greatlakeslessons.com/. One of the methods to engage students in using data is the Vee Map. The Vee Map is a method by which any teacher can implement guided inquiry in their classroom. Inquiry requires students to use process skills such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. It was originally designed to work with classic laboratories. However, Coffman and Riggs (2006) used the idea so that students could gather online scientific data to answer a research question. This is known as the "Virtual Vee Map" because the scientific data collected is online or virtual. The pre-service Earth Science elementary teachers designed a research question for use with the Virtual Vee Map's guided inquiry approach and Great Lakes Data sets. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Marshall, Ann AU - LaPorte, Elizabeth AU - Rutherford, Sandra AU - Sturtevant, Rochelle AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 123 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - North America KW - K-12 education KW - elementary school KW - Great Lakes KW - education KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1030489641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Teaching+with+Great+Lakes+data&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Ann%3BLaPorte%2C+Elizabeth%3BRutherford%2C+Sandra%3BSturtevant%2C+Rochelle%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-08-02 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - education; elementary school; Great Lakes; K-12 education; North America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ocean acidification; present status and future conditions in a high-CO (sub 2) world AN - 1015458681; 2012-046658 AB - The uptake of anthropogenic CO (sub 2) by the global ocean induces fundamental changes in seawater chemistry that could have dramatic impacts on biological ecosystems in the upper ocean. Estimates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) "business as usual" emission scenarios suggest that atmospheric CO (sub 2) levels could approach 800 ppm near the end of the century. Corresponding biogeochemical models for the ocean indicate that surface water pH will drop from a preindustrial value of about 8.2 to about 7.8 in the IPCC A2 scenario by the end of this century, increasing the ocean's acidity by about 150% relative to the beginning of the industrial era. In contemporary ocean water, elevated CO (sub 2) will also cause substantial reductions in surface water carbonate ion concentrations, in terms of either absolute changes or fractional changes relative to pre-industrial levels. For carbonate ion, the highest contemporary surface water concentrations are in the tropical and subtropical regions, particularly on the western side of each basin where the waters are warmer and saltier. For most open-ocean surface waters, aragonite undersaturation occurs when CO (sub 3) (super 2-) concentrations drop below approximately 66 mu mol kg (super -1) . The model projections indicate that aragonite undersaturation will start to occur by at about 2020 in the Arctic Ocean and 2050 in the Southern Ocean. By 2050 all of the Arctic is undersaturated with respect to aragonite, and by 2095 all of the Southern Ocean and parts of the North Pacific would become undersaturated. For calcite, undersaturation occurs when carbonate ion drops below 42 mu mol kg (super -1) . By 2095 most of the Arctic and some parts of the Bering and Chukchi Seas would become undersaturated with respect to calcite. However, in most of the other ocean basins the surface waters will still be saturated with respect to calcite, but at a level greatly reduced from the present. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Feely, Richard A AU - Doney, Scott AU - Cooley, Sarah AU - Greeley, Dana AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 650 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - carbonate ion KW - sea water KW - aragonite KW - human activity KW - biochemistry KW - ecosystems KW - carbon dioxide KW - calcite KW - models KW - saturation KW - future KW - acidification KW - geochemistry KW - carbonates KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1015458681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ocean+acidification%3B+present+status+and+future+conditions+in+a+high-CO+%28sub+2%29+world&rft.au=Feely%2C+Richard+A%3BDoney%2C+Scott%3BCooley%2C+Sarah%3BGreeley%2C+Dana%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Feely&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; aragonite; biochemistry; calcite; carbon dioxide; carbonate ion; carbonates; ecosystems; future; geochemistry; human activity; models; saturation; sea water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preface to special section on Past and Future Trends in Nutrient Export From Global Watersheds and Impacts on Water Quality and Eutrophication AN - 807291656; 13885287 JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Seitzinger, S P AU - Bouwman, A F AU - Kroeze, C AD - Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Rutgers/NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA Y1 - 2010/10/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 30 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA VL - 24 IS - 0 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - 0470 Biogeosciences: Nutrients and nutrient cycling KW - 0414 Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling KW - nutrient exports by watersheds KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Eutrophication KW - Water Quality KW - Nutrients KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Export KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807291656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Preface+to+special+section+on+Past+and+Future+Trends+in+Nutrient+Export+From+Global+Watersheds+and+Impacts+on+Water+Quality+and+Eutrophication&rft.au=Seitzinger%2C+S+P%3BBouwman%2C+A+F%3BKroeze%2C+C&rft.aulast=Seitzinger&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2010-10-30&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=0&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GB003851 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Biogeochemistry; Nutrients (mineral); Water quality; Watersheds; Nutrients; Water Quality; Export DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003851 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 12 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873133648; 14705-5_0012 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 12 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 11 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873133646; 14705-5_0011 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 11 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 10 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873133643; 14705-5_0010 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 10 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 9 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873133642; 14705-5_0009 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 9 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 8 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873133639; 14705-5_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 7 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873132007; 14705-5_0007 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 6 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873132003; 14705-5_0006 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 5 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873131997; 14705-5_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 4 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873130457; 14705-5_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 3 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873130442; 14705-5_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 2 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873130182; 14705-5_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. [Part 1 of 12] T2 - SUISUN MARSH HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION PLAN, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 873130149; 14705-5_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a comprehensive plan to address conflicts regarding use of resources within Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California is proposed. The Suisun Habitat Management, Preservation, and Restoration Plan is intended to balance the benefits of tidal wetland restoration with other habitat uses in the Marsh by evaluating alternatives that provide an acceptable change in marshwide land uses, such as salt marsh harvest mouse habitat, managed wetlands, public use, and upland habitat. Suisun Marsh is the largest contiguous brackish water marsh remaining on the west coast of North America and is a critical part of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta estuary ecosystem. It is home to public waterfowl hunting areas and 158 private duck clubs. The Marsh encompasses more than 10 percent of Californias remaining natural wetlands and serves as the resting and feeding ground for thousands of birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway and resident waterfowl. In addition, the Marsh provides important habitat for more than 221 bird species, 45 mammalian species, 16 different reptile and amphibian species, and more than 40 fish species. Suisun Marsh supports the states commercial salmon fishery by providing important tidal rearing areas for juvenile fish. Approximately 200 miles of levees in the Marsh contribute to managing salinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The Marshs large open space and proximity to urban areas make it ideally suited for wildlife viewing, hiking, canoeing, and other recreation opportunities. A group of local, state, and federal agencies with primary responsibility for Suisun Marsh management are pursuing the Suisun Marsh Plan (SMP), and this draft EIS describes three alternative 30-year plans, as well as a No Action Plan. These alternatives vary in the number of acres that would be restored to tidal wetlands and managed wetlands enhanced. The total amount of existing managed wetlands and uplands that could be affected by tidal restoration and managed wetland activities is 52,112 acres. Under Alternative A, which is the proposed project and preferred alternative, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored to fully functioning, selfsustaining tidal wetland and the remaining 44,000 to 46,000 acres of managed wetlands would be enhanced for levee stability and flood and drain capabilities. Alternative B and Alternative C would restore 2,000 to 4,000 acres and 7,000 to 9,000 acres of tidal wetland, respectively. Land suitable for restoration would be acquired only from willing sellers. Activities would include: breaching or lowering existing levees; upgrading or constructing new levees; grading pond bottoms; installing or replacing pipe, drain pumps, and platforms; replacing riprap and water control structures; installing alternate bank protection; constructing cofferdams; installing new fish screens; repairing or replacing salinity monitoring stations; and dredging from tidal sloughs. Over the 30-year SMP implementation period, it is expected that the exact habitat amount provided by restored areas will depend on the existing elevation of the site, sedimentation rates and accretion, and sea level rise. The amount of subtidal aquatic habitat is expected to decrease gradually as sediment accretes and emergent tidal vegetation is established at each restoration site. As this happens, the site will be restored to a tidal wetland. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of a regional plan would balance implementation of the CALFED Program, the Suisun Marsh Preservation Agreement, and other management and restoration programs in a manner responsive to the concerns of stakeholders and based upon voluntary participation by private landowners. Under the preferred plan, 5,000 to 7,000 acres would be restored as tidal wetlands and tidal aquatic habitat would increase by 250 to 1,050 acres. Fish habitat would be improved due to increased oxygen concentrations in tidal channels and shorebird and waterfowl populations would benefit from improved nesting and winter habitat. The potential for catastrophic flooding would be reduced. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would result in generation of construction-related emissions in excess of draft local standards associated with restoration and management activities and exposure of noise-sensitive land uses to noise from portable pump operations. Construction and dredging could damage pipelines and disrupt electrical, gas, or other energy supplies. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624), and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100435, Volume Ia--490 pages, Volume Ib--440 pages, Volume II (Appendices)--174 pages and maps, October 29, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Agency number: DES 10-58 KW - Air Quality KW - Bank Protection KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Cultural Resources KW - Dikes KW - Dredging KW - Emissions KW - Emission Standards KW - Estuaries KW - Fish KW - Flood Protection KW - Hydrologic Assessments KW - Municipal Services KW - Noise KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Salinity KW - Salinity Control KW - Saltwater Barriers KW - Sediment KW - Vegetation KW - Water Quality KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Sacramento River KW - Suisun Marsh KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=SUISUN+MARSH+HABITAT+MANAGEMENT%2C+PRESERVATION%2C+AND+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+SOLANO+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 29, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of transported background ozone inflow on summertime air quality in a California ozone exceedance area AN - 817609696; 13970808 AB - Ozone sondes launched from Trinidad Head, California provide a measure of background O sub(3) transported ashore, and allow an evaluation of the impact of this transport on air quality in California's Northern Sacramento Valley. A strong summertime vertical O sub(3) gradient and correlation analysis indicate that O sub(3)-rich air from above the marine boundary layer is transported to the surface. Surface O sub(3) is found to increase proportionally to the transported background. At the surface site experiencing the highest O sub(3) concentrations, the mean maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O sub(3) on exceedance days (i.e. those days when MDA8 O sub(3) exceeds 75 ppbv) is 20 ppbv higher than on non-exceedance days. The transported background O sub(3), as measured 22 h earlier by the Trinidad Head sondes, accounts for more than half (11 ppbv) of this difference. This finding contrasts with conclusions from model calculations that indicate the US policy relevant O sub(3) background is generally 15-35 ppbv, and that it is lower, rather than higher, during pollution episodes. The present work indicates that O sub(3) transported on hemispheric scales substantially impacts air quality in some areas of the US. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Parrish, D D AU - Aikin, K C AU - Oltmans, S J AU - Johnson, B J AU - Ives, M AU - Sweeny, C AD - NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA Y1 - 2010/10/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 27 SP - 10093 EP - 10109 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 10 IS - 20 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ozone measurements KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Boundary Layers KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad KW - Air quality KW - Correlation analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - Correlation Analysis KW - inflow KW - Ozone KW - Atmospheric Chemistry KW - Policies KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - valleys KW - Model Studies KW - Marine atmospheric boundary layer KW - Boundary layers KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - USA, California, Sacramento Valley KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - Q2 09188:Atmospheric chemistry KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817609696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Impact+of+transported+background+ozone+inflow+on+summertime+air+quality+in+a+California+ozone+exceedance+area&rft.au=Parrish%2C+D+D%3BAikin%2C+K+C%3BOltmans%2C+S+J%3BJohnson%2C+B+J%3BIves%2C+M%3BSweeny%2C+C&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-10-27&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=10093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policies; Boundary layers; Atmospheric chemistry; Correlation analysis; Ozone; Ozone in troposphere; Ozone measurements; Atmospheric pollution models; Atmospheric pollution; Marine atmospheric boundary layer; Air quality; valleys; inflow; Atmospheric Chemistry; Evaluation; Correlation Analysis; Boundary Layers; Model Studies; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad; USA, California, Sacramento Valley ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases AN - 856755676; 13918632 AB - Emissions of a broad range of greenhouse gases of varying lifetimes contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide displays exceptional persistence that renders its warming nearly irreversible for more than 1,000 y. Here we show that the warming due to non-CO2 greenhouse gases, although not irreversible, persists notably longer than the anthropogenic changes in the greenhouse gas concentrations themselves. We explore why the persistence of warming depends not just on the decay of a given greenhouse gas concentration but also on climate system behavior, particularly the timescales of heat transfer linked to the ocean. For carbon dioxide and methane, nonlinear optical absorption effects also play a smaller but significant role in prolonging the warming. In effect, dampening factors that slow temperature increase during periods of increasing concentration also slow the loss of energy from the Earth's climate system if radiative forcing is reduced. Approaches to climate change mitigation options through reduction of greenhouse gas or aerosol emissions therefore should not be expected to decrease climate change impacts as rapidly as the gas or aerosol lifetime, even for short-lived species; such actions can have their greatest effect if undertaken soon enough to avoid transfer of heat to the deep ocean. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Solomon, Susan AU - Daniel, John S AU - Sanford, Todd J AU - Murphy, Daniel M AU - Plattner, Gian-Kasper AU - Knutti, Reto AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AD - Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305 Y1 - 2010/10/26/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 26 SP - 18354 EP - 18359 PB - National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington DC 20418 USA VL - 107 IS - 43 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Methane KW - Aerosols KW - Biogeochemical cycle KW - Optical properties KW - Climate change KW - Environmental impact KW - Carbon cycle KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Oceans KW - Emissions KW - Absorption KW - Decay KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Abiotic factors KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856755676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+climate+changes+due+to+a+range+of+greenhouse+gases&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Susan%3BDaniel%2C+John+S%3BSanford%2C+Todd+J%3BMurphy%2C+Daniel+M%3BPlattner%2C+Gian-Kasper%3BKnutti%2C+Reto%3BFriedlingstein%2C+Pierre&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=18354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Aerosols; Biogeochemical cycle; Optical properties; Climate change; Carbon cycle; Environmental impact; Greenhouse effect; Abiotic factors; Oceans; Absorption; Emissions; Decay; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: workshop on predator-prey interactions AN - 762269339; 13721657 AB - Climate and human influences on marine ecosystems are largely manifested by changes in predator-prey interactions. It follows that ecosystem-based management of the world's oceans requires a better understanding of food web relationships. An international workshop on predator-prey interactions in marine ecosystems was held at the Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA on 16-18 March 2010. The meeting brought together scientists from diverse fields of expertise including theoretical ecology, animal behaviour, fish and seabird ecology, statistics, fisheries science and ecosystem modelling. The goals of the workshop were to critically examine the methods of scaling-up predator-prey interactions from local observations to systems, the role of shifting ecological processes with scale changes, and the complexity and organizational structure in trophic interactions. JF - Biology Letters AU - Bailey, Kevin M AU - Ciannelli, Lorenzo AU - Hunsicker, Mary AU - Rindorf, Anna AU - Neuenfeldt, Stefan AU - Moellmann, Christian AU - Guichard, Frederic AU - Huse, Geir AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, , Seattle, WA, USA Y1 - 2010/10/23/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 23 SP - 579 EP - 581 PB - Royal Society of London, 6 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG UK VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 1744-9561, 1744-9561 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - predator-prey interactions KW - Conferences KW - Climate KW - Statistical analysis KW - fishery sciences KW - Ecology KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - INE, USA, Oregon KW - marine ecosystems KW - Oceans KW - Scales KW - Fisheries KW - USA, Oregon, Corvallis KW - Fish KW - Marine ecosystems KW - food webs KW - Food webs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762269339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+marine+ecosystems%3A+workshop+on+predator-prey+interactions&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Kevin+M%3BCiannelli%2C+Lorenzo%3BHunsicker%2C+Mary%3BRindorf%2C+Anna%3BNeuenfeldt%2C+Stefan%3BMoellmann%2C+Christian%3BGuichard%2C+Frederic%3BHuse%2C+Geir&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2010-10-23&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+Letters&rft.issn=17449561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-10-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Predator-prey interactions; Conferences; Scales; Oceans; Fisheries; Climate; Statistical analysis; Marine ecosystems; Food webs; Ecology; marine ecosystems; predator-prey interactions; Fish; fishery sciences; food webs; INE, USA, Oregon; USA, Oregon, Corvallis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brief communication "What do we know about freaque waves in the ocean and lakes and how do we know it?" AN - 817610122; 13970917 AB - We made an objective examination of our present state of knowledge on freaque waves in the ocean and lakes from three separate perspectives: - testimonial - from eyewitness account of actual encounters; - empirical - from available in-situ wave measurements; - conjectural - from academic theoretical formulations; and led to a subjective answer to the posted title question of this paper: we do not know very much about freaque waves in the ocean and lakes! There are really no interconnections among the three perspectives we examined. Put them together however, persuades us to think that freaque waves are really an integral part of the ocean and lakes, they happen not infrequently but we still basically do not know when, where, how, what, and why they will happen. We do not even have as yet a viable definition on the phenomenon. So in order to expect tangible progress in our knowledge to the understanding of freaque waves in the ocean and lakes, we propose to strengthen a key ingredient by further invigorate the empirical aspect of the perspective, specifically making more in-situ spatial wave measurement for freaque wave studies, which is practically non-existence at the present. JF - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences AU - Liu, P C AU - Wu, CH AU - Bechle, A J AU - MacHutchon, K R AU - Chen, H S AD - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Y1 - 2010/10/22/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 22 SP - 2191 EP - 2196 PB - European Geosciences Union, c/o E.O.S.T. Strasbourg Cedex 67084 France VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 1561-8633, 1561-8633 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Hazards KW - Lakes KW - Oceans KW - Communication KW - Wave measurement KW - Waves KW - Freshwater KW - Oceanographic research KW - Q2 09382:Communication telemetry KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - M2 556:General (556) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817610122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards+and+Earth+System+Sciences&rft.atitle=Brief+communication+%22What+do+we+know+about+freaque+waves+in+the+ocean+and+lakes+and+how+do+we+know+it%3F%22&rft.au=Liu%2C+P+C%3BWu%2C+CH%3BBechle%2C+A+J%3BMacHutchon%2C+K+R%3BChen%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2010-10-22&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Hazards+and+Earth+System+Sciences&rft.issn=15618633&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Lakes; Wave measurement; Oceanographic research; Testing Procedures; Oceans; Communication; Waves; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrostatic interactions and binding orientation of HIV-1 matrix studied by neutron reflectivity. AN - 759523162; 20959092 AB - The N-terminal matrix (MA) domain of the HIV-1 Gag protein is responsible for binding to the plasma membrane of host cells during viral assembly. The putative membrane-binding interface of MA was previously mapped by means of mutagenesis and analysis of its trimeric crystal structure. However, the orientation of MA on membranes has not been directly determined by experimental measurements. We present neutron reflectivity measurements that resolve the one-dimensional scattering length density profile of MA bound to a biomimetic of the native viral membrane. A molecular refinement procedure was developed using atomic structures of MA to determine the orientation of the protein on the membrane. The orientation defines a lipid-binding interface consistent with previous mutagenesis results. The MA protein maintains this orientation without the presence of a myristate group, driven only by electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, MA is found to penetrate the membrane headgroup region peripherally such that only the side chains of specific Lys and Arg residues interact with the surface. The results suggest that electrostatic interactions are sufficient to favorably orient MA on viral membrane mimics. The spatial determination of the membrane-bound protein demonstrates the ability of neutron reflectivity to discern orientation and penetration under physiologically relevant conditions. Copyright © 2010 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JF - Biophysical journal AU - Nanda, Hirsh AU - Datta, Siddhartha A K AU - Heinrich, Frank AU - Lösche, Mathias AU - Rein, Alan AU - Krueger, Susan AU - Curtis, Joseph E AD - NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. hirsh.nanda@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/10/20/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 20 SP - 2516 EP - 2524 VL - 99 IS - 8 KW - gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Models, Molecular KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Protein Binding KW - Static Electricity KW - HIV-1 -- chemistry KW - gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- chemistry KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759523162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biophysical+journal&rft.atitle=Electrostatic+interactions+and+binding+orientation+of+HIV-1+matrix+studied+by+neutron+reflectivity.&rft.au=Nanda%2C+Hirsh%3BDatta%2C+Siddhartha+A+K%3BHeinrich%2C+Frank%3BL%C3%B6sche%2C+Mathias%3BRein%2C+Alan%3BKrueger%2C+Susan%3BCurtis%2C+Joseph+E&rft.aulast=Nanda&rft.aufirst=Hirsh&rft.date=2010-10-20&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biophysical+journal&rft.issn=1542-0086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bpj.2010.07.062 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2010-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochemistry. 1996 Apr 2;35(13):3933-43 [8672424] Biophys J. 2009 Nov 18;97(10):2794-802 [19917234] J Virol. 2000 Apr;74(7):3264-72 [10708443] J Virol. 2001 Sep;75(17):7913-24 [11483736] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 20;98(24):13925-30 [11717449] Biochemistry. 2003 Jun 3;42(21):6408-17 [12767222] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 13;101(2):517-22 [14699046] Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2004;55:391-426 [15117258] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 12;101(41):14889-94 [15465916] J Mol Biol. 1971 Feb 14;55(3):379-400 [5551392] Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):709-13 [6879170] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):523-7 [2405382] Biophys J. 1991 Sep;60(3):568-76 [1932548] Biophys J. 1991 Dec;60(6):1545-52 [1777572] J Virol. 1994 Apr;68(4):2556-69 [8139035] J Virol. 1994 Aug;68(8):5311-20 [8035531] J Virol. 1995 Jun;69(6):3949-54 [7745752] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 2;93(7):3099-104 [8610175] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8540-8 [8970978] Nature. 1997 Jun 5;387(6633):580-3 [9177344] J Virol. 1997 Sep;71(9):6582-92 [9261380] J Virol. 2005 May;79(10):6227-38 [15858007] Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2005;34:71-90 [15869384] J Mol Biol. 2005 Sep 2;351(5):939-47 [16055150] Structure. 2005 Oct;13(10):1521-31 [16216583] J Mol Biol. 2006 Jan 6;355(1):157-68 [16289202] Biophys Chem. 2006 Jan 1;119(1):23-32 [16183191] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 21;103(8):2641-6 [16481622] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 25;103(30):11364-9 [16840558] J Virol. 2007 Feb;81(3):1472-8 [17108052] Virus Res. 2007 Mar;124(1-2):1-11 [17210199] J Virol. 2007 Jun;81(12):6434-45 [17392361] J Virol. 2008 Mar;82(5):2405-17 [18094158] J Virol. 2008 Nov;82(22):11228-38 [18799574] Biophys J. 2009 Feb 18;96(4):1547-53 [19217871] Virology. 2009 May 10;387(2):466-72 [19327811] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 7;106(27):11090-5 [19549863] Langmuir. 2009 Apr 7;25(7):4219-29 [19714901] J Virol. 2000 Mar;74(6):2855-66 [10684302] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.062 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aircraft observations of enhancement and depletion of black carbon mass in the springtime Arctic AN - 815541647; 13888561 AB - Understanding the processes controlling black carbon (BC) in the Arctic is crucial for evaluating the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources of BC on Arctic climate. Vertical profiles of BC mass loadings were observed from the surface to near 7-km altitude in April 2008 using a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) during flights on the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft from Fairbanks, Alaska. These measurements were conducted during the NOAA-sponsored Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project. In the free troposphere, the Arctic air mass was influenced by long-range transport from biomass-burning and anthropogenic source regions at lower latitudes especially during the latter part of the campaign. Average BC mass mixing ratios peaked at about 150 ng BC (kg dry air ) super(-1) near 5.5 km altitude in the aged Arctic air mass and 250 ng kg super(-1) at 4.5 km in biomass-burning influenced air. BC mass loadings were enhanced by up to a factor of 5 in biomass-burning influenced air compared to the aged Arctic air mass. At the bottom of some of the profiles, positive vertical gradients in BC were observed over the sea-ice. The vertical profiles generally occurred in the vicinity of open leads in the sea-ice. In the aged Arctic air mass, BC mass loadings more than doubled with increasing altitude within the ABL and across the boundary layer transition while carbon monoxide (CO) remained constant. This is evidence for depletion of BC mass in the ABL. BC mass loadings were positively correlated with O sub(3) in ozone depletion events (ODEs) for all the observations in the ABL. Since bromine catalytically destroys ozone in the ABL after being released as molecular bromine in regions of new sea-ice formation at the surface, the BC-O sub(3) correlation suggests that BC particles were removed by a surface process such as dry deposition. We develop a box model to estimate the dry deposition flux of BC mass to the snow constrained by the vertical profiles of BC mass in the ABL. Open leads in the sea-ice may increase vertical mixing and entrainment of pollution from the free troposphere possibly enhancing the deposition of BC aerosol to the snow. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Spackman, J R AU - Gao, R S AU - Neff, W D AU - Schwarz, J P AU - Watts, LA AU - Fahey, D W AU - Holloway, J S AU - Ryerson, T B AU - Peischl, J AU - Brock, CA AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA Y1 - 2010/10/12/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 12 SP - 9667 EP - 9680 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 10 IS - 19 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Entrainment KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Arctic air masses KW - Ozone depletion KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Altitude KW - Carbon KW - Aircraft KW - Radiation KW - Arctic climates KW - Arctic KW - Ozone KW - USA, Alaska KW - Aerosols KW - Depletion KW - Snow KW - Climates KW - Aircraft observations KW - Climate KW - Troposphere KW - Air Masses KW - USA, Alaska, Fairbanks KW - Vertical profiles KW - PN, Arctic KW - Sea ice KW - Long-range transport KW - Profiles KW - Deposition KW - Dry deposition KW - Bromine KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - Q2 09188:Atmospheric chemistry KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815541647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Aircraft+observations+of+enhancement+and+depletion+of+black+carbon+mass+in+the+springtime+Arctic&rft.au=Spackman%2C+J+R%3BGao%2C+R+S%3BNeff%2C+W+D%3BSchwarz%2C+J+P%3BWatts%2C+LA%3BFahey%2C+D+W%3BHolloway%2C+J+S%3BRyerson%2C+T+B%3BPeischl%2C+J%3BBrock%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Spackman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-10-12&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=9667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon monoxide; Aerosols; Snow; Climate; Anthropogenic factors; Troposphere; Bromine; Ozone; Vertical profiles; Ozone depletion; Entrainment; Long-range transport; Sea ice; Radiation; Aircraft observations; Dry deposition; Arctic climates; Arctic air masses; Altitude; Carbon; Aircraft; Depletion; Profiles; Climates; Deposition; Air Masses; Arctic; USA, Alaska; PN, Arctic; USA, Alaska, Fairbanks ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Examination of a Tornado Producing Supercell Behind the Leading Edge of the May 8th, 2009 Historic Wind Storm in Southern Missouri AN - 918050127; 16193628 AB - On the morning of May 8th, 2009, a large mesoscale convective system (MCS) formed over southeast Kansas and moved across the southern third of Missouri causing significant damage to structures and swaths of complete deforestation. Post-storm surveys revealed the damage was caused by large swaths of straight line winds estimated to be as high as 55 m/s-1 and at least 21 tornadoes. After 1330 UTC several supercells formed north of the apex of the bow and south of a large line end vortex. These storms were responsible for spawning tornadoes that were rated EF-1 or greater. The initial outflow appeared to be comprised of an arc of scattered to broken moderate to strong convective cells. We will examine one of the supercells which produced tornadoes approximately 20 kilometers behind a newly formed convective line on the leading edge of one part of the MCS. We will also examine why this supercell was still able to produce tornadoes despite what appears to be its atypical location within this convective line. Finally, we will discuss how this case challenges the current conceptual models and the resulting challenge to warning decision making. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 11 Oct 2010. AU - Britt, Mark F AU - Przybylinski, R W Y1 - 2010/10/11/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 11 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Tornadoes KW - outflow KW - tornadoes KW - Vortexes KW - spawning KW - Storms KW - USA, Missouri KW - Mesoscale convective systems KW - Marine KW - Conferences KW - Supercells KW - Outflow KW - USA, Kansas KW - Ocean currents KW - Supercell forecasting KW - Wind storms KW - Convective activity KW - Deforestation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General KW - M2 551.515.3:Tornadoes Waterspouts Whirlwinds (551.515.3) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918050127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=An+Examination+of+a+Tornado+Producing+Supercell+Behind+the+Leading+Edge+of+the+May+8th%2C+2009+Historic+Wind+Storm+in+Southern+Missouri&rft.au=Britt%2C+Mark+F%3BPrzybylinski%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2010-10-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The 08 May 2009 Missouri Derecho: Radar Analysis and Warning Implications over Parts of Southwest Missouri AN - 918049334; 16193627 AB - A historic wind storm with embedded tornadoes occurred during the morning of 08 May 2009 from southeast Kansas through southern Illinois. Incredible wind damage occurred with this system in which many homes, businesses in smaller communities, and farmsteads were damaged or destroyed by damaging winds or tornadoes. Individual large swaths of damaged trees extending from 75 to 100 km in length and 30 to 40 km wide were documented during damage assessments. Within these swaths, complete deforestation was revealed owing to intense microburst or individual burstswaths within the microbursts. Surface wind gusts were estimated over 50 to 55 m s-1 within these swaths. Most of the individual tornadic damage tracks occurred from near Springfield, Missouri into south central Missouri. The overall area of wind damage extended from southeast Kansas through parts of the southern third of Missouri and into southern Illinois. Since this was a large and prolonged wind storm, the study of this event could be divided into four or more time periods. This study will briefly examine the environmental characteristics prior to the event arriving over a part of southwest and south-central Missouri. However, we will closely examine the storm and mesovortex evolution of this event during the period of 1230 to 1400 UTC covering the area south and east of Springfield, Missouri. We will show two contrasting convective modes in which the reflectivity pattern north of the apex of the bow revealed a "leading stratiform" pattern, while the "leading convective line - trailing stratiform" pattern maintained its identity near and south of the apex of the bow. We will discuss why the reflectivity convective line segment north of the apex of the mature bow echo not only weakened after 1253 UTC, but also fragmented with weak mesovortices identified along a north-south convergence axis. In contrast, three strong mesovortices formed near and just south of the apex of the large bow after 1302 UTC along the gust front of the leading convective line. With time these strong mesovortices migrated along the convergence zone north of the apex into the leading stratiform region. Insights will be provided as to why rapid mesovortex development and intensification occurred near and just south of the apex. We believe that the shear vector orientation with respect to the convection at several levels was nearly perpendicular across the area north of the apex of the bow. The orientation and magnitude of these shear vectors was indicative of an environment more favorable for the development of persistent mesovortices, potentially including supercell-like structures. Meanwhile, shear vector orientation was nearly parallel to the convection south of the apex, leading to less intensification and organization within this segment of the storm complex. We will show that the original three strong mesovortices which formed along the leading edge near the apex migrated northeastward towards the western flank of the "leading stratiform" region. These vortices may have been associated with supercell-like structures along the western flank of the "Leading Stratiform" region, and were anchored to the surface convergence zone. Last we plan to discuss the challenges and difficulties to warning operations and implications with this rapidly moving convective system. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 11 Oct 2010. AU - Przybylinski, Ron W AU - Schaumann, J S AU - Cramer, D T AU - Atkins, N Y1 - 2010/10/11/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 11 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Convergence zones KW - Convection KW - Historical account KW - Reflectance KW - Tornadoes KW - Trees KW - Gusts KW - tornadoes KW - Convection development KW - Storms KW - USA, Missouri KW - Microbursts KW - Vortices KW - Conferences KW - USA, Illinois KW - Derechos KW - USA, Kansas KW - convection KW - Wind damage KW - Wind storms KW - Radar KW - Convective activity KW - Deforestation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.515.3:Tornadoes Waterspouts Whirlwinds (551.515.3) KW - Q2 09392:Warning services against catastrophes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918049334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+08+May+2009+Missouri+Derecho%3A+Radar+Analysis+and+Warning+Implications+over+Parts+of+Southwest+Missouri&rft.au=Przybylinski%2C+Ron+W%3BSchaumann%2C+J+S%3BCramer%2C+D+T%3BAtkins%2C+N&rft.aulast=Przybylinski&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.date=2010-10-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - CHUKCHI SEA PLANNING AREA OIL AND GAS LEASE SALE 193 IN THE CHUKCHI SEA, ALASKA OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - CHUKCHI SEA PLANNING AREA OIL AND GAS LEASE SALE 193 IN THE CHUKCHI SEA, ALASKA OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF. AN - 873129343; 14679-8_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The sale of oil and gas lease blocks in the Chukchi Sea Planning Area of the Alaska Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) is reconsidered. The affected area includes the Chukchi Sea marine environment, the associated coastal plain, and the North Slope Borough of Alaska. The Chukchi OCS is viewed as one of the most petroleum-rich offshore provinces in the country, with geologic plays extending offshore from some of the largest oil and gas fields on Alaska's North Slope. The current federal assessment by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) indicates that the mean recoverable oil resource amounts to 12 billion barrels, with a five percent chance of 29 billion barrels. After the release of the Chukchi Sea Planning Area final EIS in June 2007, the lease sale, designated Sale 193, was held in February 2008. It involved 6,156 whole and partial blocks within the planning area, covering 34 million acres. BOEM accepted high bids of approximately $2.7 billion and issued 487 leases for approximately 2.8 million acres. The sale area excluded a 15- to 50-mile-wide corridor along the coast, known as the polynya or spring lead system. Water depths in the sale area vary from 95 feet to 262 feet, with a small portion of the northeast corner deep-ending to 9,800 feet in the Barrow Canyon. A January, 2008 lawsuit challenged the sale and the United States District Court for the District of Alaska remanded Sale 193 for further analysis of the environmental impact of natural gas development and of missing or incomplete information within the final EIS. This draft supplemental EIS carries forward the alternatives and augments the analysis of the final EIS. The scenario for environmental analysis involves the discovery, development, and production of the first offshore oil and gas field in the Chukchi Sea. Under the proposed action ( Alternative I), all 34 million acres of the Chukchi Sea would be made available. Alternative II is the No Action or No Lease Alternative. Alternative III (Corridor I Deferral) is the proposed action minus a corridor extending 60 miles offshore along the coastward edge of the sale area and would offer 1,765 whole or partial blocks comprising 9.1 million acres for lease. Under Alternative IV (Corridor II Deferral), which is the preferred alternative, 795 whole or partial blocks along the coastward edge of the sale area would be excluded. Selection of Alternative IV would be equivalent to affirming Sale 193 as held. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of the Chuckchi leases would provide enormous supplies of oil for energy production in the United States, increasing the nation's energy independence and thereby reducing its dependence on foreign sources and improving the stability of the country's foreign relations with foreign sources of oil. Development of the Chuckchi energy resource would employ thousands of workers and otherwise boost the regional and state economy and contribute to the state government's revenue base. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Discharges of muds, cuttings, and produced waters would impact water quality near platforms and wells. Drilling muds would be generated during for two to four months during the exploration phase and for three to five years during the development phase. Produced waters ranging would be generated as oil and gas is pumped from the formation in the production and operation phase. Major spills of at least 1,000 barrels could occur over the life of lease development activities. Larger spills, although unlikely, would do significantly more damage to fisheries, other marine, and coastal resources, including estuaries. Construction would destroy benthos temporarily and disturb benthic habitat through the life of the project; pipelines would be cleaned, plugged, and abandoned in place. Noise-related disturbance of fish and direct loss or degradation of fish habitat would occur during construction. Seismic surveys, ship movements, drilling, platform and pipeline construction, and other activities and oil spills would affect marine mammals, particularly bowhead whales, and platforms and environmental damage could impact federally protected bird species. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1371), Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), and Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953 (43 U.S.C. 1311 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 06-0625D, Volume 30, Number 4 and 07-0199F, Volume 31, Number 2, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100408, 295 pages, October 8, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Agency number: OCS EIS/EA BOEMRE 2010-034 KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Continental Shelves KW - Employment KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Estuaries KW - Exploration KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Geologic Surveys KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Indian Reservations KW - Leasing KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Systems KW - Minorities KW - Natural Gas KW - Noise KW - Oil Production KW - Oil Spill Analyses KW - Oil Spills KW - Pipelines KW - Seismic Surveys KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Water Quality Standards Violations KW - Wildlife Surveys KW - Alaska KW - Chukchi Sea KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=CHUKCHI+SEA+PLANNING+AREA+OIL+AND+GAS+LEASE+SALE+193+IN+THE+CHUKCHI+SEA%2C+ALASKA+OUTER+CONTINENTAL+SHELF.&rft.title=CHUKCHI+SEA+PLANNING+AREA+OIL+AND+GAS+LEASE+SALE+193+IN+THE+CHUKCHI+SEA%2C+ALASKA+OUTER+CONTINENTAL+SHELF.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement, Anchorage, Alaska; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 8, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - CHUKCHI SEA PLANNING AREA OIL AND GAS LEASE SALE 193 IN THE CHUKCHI SEA, ALASKA OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF. AN - 808451512; 14679 AB - PURPOSE: The sale of oil and gas lease blocks in the Chukchi Sea Planning Area of the Alaska Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) is reconsidered. The affected area includes the Chukchi Sea marine environment, the associated coastal plain, and the North Slope Borough of Alaska. The Chukchi OCS is viewed as one of the most petroleum-rich offshore provinces in the country, with geologic plays extending offshore from some of the largest oil and gas fields on Alaska's North Slope. The current federal assessment by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) indicates that the mean recoverable oil resource amounts to 12 billion barrels, with a five percent chance of 29 billion barrels. After the release of the Chukchi Sea Planning Area final EIS in June 2007, the lease sale, designated Sale 193, was held in February 2008. It involved 6,156 whole and partial blocks within the planning area, covering 34 million acres. BOEM accepted high bids of approximately $2.7 billion and issued 487 leases for approximately 2.8 million acres. The sale area excluded a 15- to 50-mile-wide corridor along the coast, known as the polynya or spring lead system. Water depths in the sale area vary from 95 feet to 262 feet, with a small portion of the northeast corner deep-ending to 9,800 feet in the Barrow Canyon. A January, 2008 lawsuit challenged the sale and the United States District Court for the District of Alaska remanded Sale 193 for further analysis of the environmental impact of natural gas development and of missing or incomplete information within the final EIS. This draft supplemental EIS carries forward the alternatives and augments the analysis of the final EIS. The scenario for environmental analysis involves the discovery, development, and production of the first offshore oil and gas field in the Chukchi Sea. Under the proposed action ( Alternative I), all 34 million acres of the Chukchi Sea would be made available. Alternative II is the No Action or No Lease Alternative. Alternative III (Corridor I Deferral) is the proposed action minus a corridor extending 60 miles offshore along the coastward edge of the sale area and would offer 1,765 whole or partial blocks comprising 9.1 million acres for lease. Under Alternative IV (Corridor II Deferral), which is the preferred alternative, 795 whole or partial blocks along the coastward edge of the sale area would be excluded. Selection of Alternative IV would be equivalent to affirming Sale 193 as held. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Development of the Chuckchi leases would provide enormous supplies of oil for energy production in the United States, increasing the nation's energy independence and thereby reducing its dependence on foreign sources and improving the stability of the country's foreign relations with foreign sources of oil. Development of the Chuckchi energy resource would employ thousands of workers and otherwise boost the regional and state economy and contribute to the state government's revenue base. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Discharges of muds, cuttings, and produced waters would impact water quality near platforms and wells. Drilling muds would be generated during for two to four months during the exploration phase and for three to five years during the development phase. Produced waters ranging would be generated as oil and gas is pumped from the formation in the production and operation phase. Major spills of at least 1,000 barrels could occur over the life of lease development activities. Larger spills, although unlikely, would do significantly more damage to fisheries, other marine, and coastal resources, including estuaries. Construction would destroy benthos temporarily and disturb benthic habitat through the life of the project; pipelines would be cleaned, plugged, and abandoned in place. Noise-related disturbance of fish and direct loss or degradation of fish habitat would occur during construction. Seismic surveys, ship movements, drilling, platform and pipeline construction, and other activities and oil spills would affect marine mammals, particularly bowhead whales, and platforms and environmental damage could impact federally protected bird species. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1371), Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), and Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953 (43 U.S.C. 1311 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 06-0625D, Volume 30, Number 4 and 07-0199F, Volume 31, Number 2, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100408, 295 pages, October 8, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Agency number: OCS EIS/EA BOEMRE 2010-034 KW - Birds KW - Coastal Zones KW - Continental Shelves KW - Employment KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Estuaries KW - Exploration KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Geologic Surveys KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Indian Reservations KW - Leasing KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Systems KW - Minorities KW - Natural Gas KW - Noise KW - Oil Production KW - Oil Spill Analyses KW - Oil Spills KW - Pipelines KW - Seismic Surveys KW - Ships KW - Water Quality KW - Water Quality Standards Violations KW - Wildlife Surveys KW - Alaska KW - Chukchi Sea KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/808451512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=CHUKCHI+SEA+PLANNING+AREA+OIL+AND+GAS+LEASE+SALE+193+IN+THE+CHUKCHI+SEA%2C+ALASKA+OUTER+CONTINENTAL+SHELF.&rft.title=CHUKCHI+SEA+PLANNING+AREA+OIL+AND+GAS+LEASE+SALE+193+IN+THE+CHUKCHI+SEA%2C+ALASKA+OUTER+CONTINENTAL+SHELF.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement, Anchorage, Alaska; DOI N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 8, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from ship based measurements of peroxy radicals during TexAQS 2006 AN - 817608159; 13970725 AB - During the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS 2006) campaign, a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) was deployed on the NOAA research vessel R/V Brown to measure total peroxy radicals (HO sub(2)+RO sub(2)). Day-time mixing ratios of HO sub(2)+RO sub(2) between 25 and 110 ppt were observed throughout the study area - the Houston/Galveston region and the Gulf coast of the U.S. - and analyzed in relation to measurements of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and photolysis rates to assess radical sources and sinks in the region. The measurements of HO sub(2)+RO sub(2) were used to calculate the in-situ net photochemical formation of ozone. Measured median values ranged from 0.6 ppb/h in clean oceanic air masses up to several tens of ppb/h in the most polluted industrial areas. The results are consistent with previous studies and generally agree with observations made during the previous TexAQS 2000 field campaign. The net photochemical ozone formation rates determined at Barbours Cut, a site immediately south of the Houston Ship Channel, were analyzed in relation to local wind direction and VOC reactivity to understand the relationship between ozone formation and local VOC emissions. The measurements of HO sub(2)+RO sub(2) made during the R/V Brown TexAQS 2006 cruise indicate that ozone formation is NO sub(x)-limited in the Houston/Galveston region and influenced by highly reactive hydrocarbons, especially alkenes from urban and industrial sources and their photooxidation products, such as formaldehyde. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions AU - Sommariva, R AU - Brown, S S AU - Roberts, J M AU - Brookes, D M AU - Parker, A E AU - Monks, P S AU - Bates, T S AU - Bon, D AU - de Gouw, JA AU - Frost, G J AD - Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA Y1 - 2010/10/07/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 07 SP - 23109 EP - 23147 PB - European Geosciences Union, c/o E.O.S.T. Strasbourg Cedex 67084 France VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 1680-7367, 1680-7367 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Ozone measurements KW - Air quality KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Ozone production KW - Volatile organic compound emissions KW - Emission measurements KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston KW - Industrial areas KW - Oceanographic cruise data KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Ozone KW - Urban areas KW - Photolysis KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Perca KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - Channels KW - Photochemicals KW - Photooxidation KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817608159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics+Discussions&rft.atitle=Ozone+production+in+remote+oceanic+and+industrial+areas+derived+from+ship+based+measurements+of+peroxy+radicals+during+TexAQS+2006&rft.au=Sommariva%2C+R%3BBrown%2C+S+S%3BRoberts%2C+J+M%3BBrookes%2C+D+M%3BParker%2C+A+E%3BMonks%2C+P+S%3BBates%2C+T+S%3BBon%2C+D%3Bde+Gouw%2C+JA%3BFrost%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Sommariva&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=23109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics+Discussions&rft.issn=16807367&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photolysis; Ozone production; Ozone measurements; Atmospheric pollution; Atmospheric chemistry; Photooxidation; Volatile organic compound emissions; Air quality; Oceanographic cruise data; Channels; Ships; Photochemicals; Emission measurements; Industrial areas; Volatile organic compounds; Urban areas; Ozone; Perca; ASW, USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast; USA, Texas, Houston ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Colorado River runoff to dust radiative forcing in snow AN - 1351601310; 2013-040700 AB - The waters of the Colorado River serve 27 million people in seven states and two countries but are overallocated by more than 10% of the river's historical mean. Climate models project runoff losses of 7-20% from the basin in this century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown however that by the late 1800s, decades prior to allocation of the river's runoff in the 1920s, a fivefold increase in dust loading from anthropogenically disturbed soils in the southwest United States was already decreasing snow albedo and shortening the duration of snow cover by several weeks. The degree to which this increase in radiative forcing by dust in snow has affected timing and magnitude of runoff from the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) is unknown. Hereweuse the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with postdisturbance and predisturbance impacts of dust on albedo to estimate the impact on runoff from the UCRB across 1916-2003. We find that peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona has occurred on average 3 wk earlier under heavier dust loading and that increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of vegetation and soils decreases annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters or approximately 5% of the annual average. The potential to reduce dust loading through surface stabilization in the deserts and restore more persistent snow cover, slow runoff, and increase water resources in the UCRB may represent an important mitigation opportunity to reduce system management tensions and regional impacts of climate change. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Painter, Thomas H AU - Deems, Jeffrey S AU - Belnap, Jayne AU - Hamlet, Alan F AU - Landry, Christopher C AU - Udall, Bradley Y1 - 2010/10/05/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 05 SP - 17125 EP - 17130 PB - National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC VL - 107 IS - 40 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - United States KW - Lees Ferry KW - albedo KW - Colorado River basin KW - Coconino County Arizona KW - snow cover KW - optical spectra KW - water management KW - hydrogeology KW - climate change KW - Colorado River KW - snow KW - sediments KW - radiative forcing KW - spectra KW - clastic sediments KW - elevation KW - surface water KW - runoff KW - dust KW - Arizona KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - water resources KW - land use KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1351601310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Response+of+Colorado+River+runoff+to+dust+radiative+forcing+in+snow&rft.au=Painter%2C+Thomas+H%3BDeems%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BBelnap%2C+Jayne%3BHamlet%2C+Alan+F%3BLandry%2C+Christopher+C%3BUdall%2C+Bradley&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2010-10-05&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=17125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0913139107 L2 - http://www.pnas.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-18 N1 - CODEN - PNASA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; albedo; Arizona; clastic sediments; climate change; Coconino County Arizona; Colorado River; Colorado River basin; dust; elevation; hydrogeology; land use; Lees Ferry; optical spectra; radiative forcing; runoff; seasonal variations; sediments; snow; snow cover; spectra; surface water; United States; water management; water resources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913139107 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deep-water bathymetric features imaged by spaceborne SAR in the Gulf Stream region AN - 759321846; 13783109 AB - Deep-water (>500 m) oceanic bathymetric features are frequently observed in RADARSAT-1 SAR images in the Gulf Stream (GS) region. They are imaged apparently because of the unique environmental conditions in the region, oceanographically characterized by a strong GS current (2 ms-1) and favorable ocean stratification. SAR image analysis shows the basic characteristics of these bathymetric features. A coincident sea surface temperature image shows that the bathymetric feature is only "visible" by SAR within the GS pathway. The dominant wavelength of the wave-like feature is about 2.3 km and their crests are perpendicular to the GS axis. Shipboard sounding measurements confirm the SAR observation. A theoretical consideration of the ocean current and corrugated bathymetry interaction in a 3-layer ocean is presented. Using representative ocean density profile data and the GS current data, we analyze the requirements for the generation and upward propagation of the disturbance induced by the current-bathymetry interaction. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Li, Xiaofeng AU - Yang, Xiaofeng AU - Zheng, Quanan AU - Pietrafesa, Leonard J AU - Pichel, William G AU - Li, Ziwei AU - Li, Xiaoming AD - IMSG at NOAA, NESDIS, NOAA, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2010/10/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA VL - 37 IS - 19 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - 4275 Oceanography: General: Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes KW - 4219 Oceanography: General: Continental shelf and slope processes KW - 3002 Marine Geology and Geophysics: Continental shelf and slope processes KW - 3285 Mathematical Geophysics: Wave propagation KW - 4455 Nonlinear Geophysics: Nonlinear waves, shock waves, solitons KW - ocean bottom topographic waves KW - Gulf Stream KW - SAR KW - Marine KW - Density KW - A, Atlantic, Gulf Stream KW - Soundings KW - Stratification KW - Streams KW - Gulfs KW - Bathymetry KW - Wavelengths KW - Ocean currents KW - Wave crests KW - Profiles KW - Oceans KW - Sounding KW - Density profiles KW - Environmental conditions KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) KW - Q1 08481:Productivity KW - Q2 09265:Sedimentary structures and stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759321846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Deep-water+bathymetric+features+imaged+by+spaceborne+SAR+in+the+Gulf+Stream+region&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiaofeng%3BYang%2C+Xiaofeng%3BZheng%2C+Quanan%3BPietrafesa%2C+Leonard+J%3BPichel%2C+William+G%3BLi%2C+Ziwei%3BLi%2C+Xiaoming&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaofeng&rft.date=2010-10-02&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GL044406 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ocean currents; Wave crests; Density profiles; Soundings; Environmental conditions; Bathymetry; Gulf Stream; Profiles; Sounding; Density; Oceans; Stratification; Gulfs; Streams; Wavelengths; A, Atlantic, Gulf Stream; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044406 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boundary Layer Characteristics and Numerical Simulation Analysis of Winter Dense Fog in Nanjing AN - 968180665; 16473121 AB - Based on the boundary layer data of winter dense fog in 2007 from Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, the profile characteristics of temperature, wind direction, wind speed and humidity in a dense fog weather on December 13-14 in 2007 were analyzed, as well as their evolution laws in the formation and dispersion of fog, and the boundary layer characteristics of winter dense fog in Nanjing were revealed, while the development of fog was simulated by means of mesoscale numerical model. The results showed that the formation and dispersion of fog was greatly affected by inversion and humidity in the surface layer, and the wind direction in the surface layer also had effect on the formation and dispersion of advection fog. Mesoscale numerical model could preferably simulate the evolution of temperature, humidity, vertical speed in the development of fog, and the simulation of water vapor content in the fog could forecast the formation and dispersion of fog. JF - Meteorological and Environmental Research AU - Ma, G-Z AU - Yin, Y AD - Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics & Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China, noaa_1113@126.com Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 25 EP - 28,32 PB - USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation VL - 1 IS - 10 SN - 2152-3940, 2152-3940 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - China, People's Rep., Jiangsu Prov., Nanjing KW - Boundary Layers KW - Environmental research KW - Surface layers KW - Water vapor content KW - Winter KW - Wind speed KW - Numerical models KW - Wind KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - Wind direction KW - Fog forecasting KW - Fog KW - Inversions KW - Model Studies KW - Numerical simulations KW - Boundary layers KW - Mesoscale models KW - Dispersion models KW - Evolution KW - Dispersion KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968180665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteorological+and+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Boundary+Layer+Characteristics+and+Numerical+Simulation+Analysis+of+Winter+Dense+Fog+in+Nanjing&rft.au=Ma%2C+G-Z%3BYin%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=G-Z&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Meteorological+and+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=21523940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Mathematical models; Boundary layers; Humidity; Surface layers; Inversions; Fog; Winter; Dispersion; Numerical models; Numerical simulations; Environmental research; Mesoscale models; Water vapor content; Dispersion models; Wind direction; Fog forecasting; Weather; Simulation Analysis; Temperature; Boundary Layers; Evolution; Wind; Model Studies; China, People's Rep., Jiangsu Prov., Nanjing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water vapor correction to improve the operational calibration for NOAA AVHRR/3 channel 2 (0.85 mu m) over a desert target AN - 926883398; 16347113 AB - The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRRs) flown on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) polar satellites have been providing invaluable data for Earth system science and global change studies. However, the use of AVHRR solar reflectance products (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) is constrained by calibration uncertainty, largely owing to the lack of an on-orbit calibration device for solar reflectance channels. Since the mid-1990s, NOAA has been applying operational calibration to these channels using the time series of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) measurements of the Libyan Desert site. However, the assumed radiometric stability of Libyan Desert TOA measurements can be disrupted by short-term variations in atmospheric components, especially for AVHRR channel 2, which has a spectral response function covering water vapor absorption lines in the near-infrared (NIR) spectra. This study aims to improve the calibration accuracy of AVHRR channel 2 data by applying water vapor correction over the homogeneous desert target surface using the water vapor content (W) derived from the linear relationships between the AVHRR split-window temperature difference ( Delta T) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NIR water vapor product. Results show that the linear Delta T-Wrelationship is affected by the temperature lapse rate at the satellite over-passing time and the spectral response functions of AVHRR split-window channels. Water vapor correction reduces the calibration uncertainty from 2.6%-3.5% to 1.7%-1.8%, and about 1.0% surface-based relative calibration accuracy is independent of the water vapor uncertainty introduced by the Delta T-W regression. Furthermore, the short-term variations in the channel 2 operational degradation rate are largely reduced after water vapor correction. Thus, implementing water vapor correction can improve the operational calibration accuracy for AVHRR channel 2. JF - Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing/Journal Canadien de Teledetection AU - Yu, F AU - Wu, X AD - Earth Resources Technology Inc. (ERT), 6100 Frost Place, Laurel, MD 20707, USA, Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 514 EP - 526 PB - Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, 1685 Russell Rd, Unit 1R Ottawa ON K1G 0N1 Canada VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0703-8992, 0703-8992 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - U.S. satellite, POLAR KW - Reflectance KW - time series analysis KW - Water vapor in the atmosphere KW - Remote sensing KW - Temperature KW - Vegetation KW - water vapor KW - Water vapor content KW - Time series analysis KW - Meteorological satellites KW - Satellites KW - Channels KW - Deserts KW - AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) KW - Absorption KW - Lapse rates KW - Vegetation index KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926883398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.atitle=Water+vapor+correction+to+improve+the+operational+calibration+for+NOAA+AVHRR%2F3+channel+2+%280.85+mu+m%29+over+a+desert+target&rft.au=Yu%2C+F%3BWu%2C+X&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.issn=07038992&rft_id=info:doi/10.5589%2Fm10-077 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - U.S. satellite, POLAR; Reflectance; Water vapor in the atmosphere; AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer); Water vapor content; Meteorological satellites; Time series analysis; Lapse rates; Vegetation index; Channels; time series analysis; Deserts; Absorption; Temperature; Remote sensing; Vegetation; water vapor; Satellites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/m10-077 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing the Antarctic Dome C community reference standard site towards consistent measurements from Earth observation satellites AN - 926883392; 16347112 AB - Establishing satellite measurement consistency by using common desert sites has become increasingly more important not only for climate change detection but also for quantitative retrievals of geophysical variables in satellite applications. Using the Antarctic Dome C site (75 degree 06'S, 123 degree 21'E, elevation 3.2 km) for satellite radiometric calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is of great interest owing to its unique location and characteristics. The site surface is covered with uniformly distributed permanent snow, and the atmospheric effect is small and relatively constant. In this study, the long-term stability and spectral characteristics of this site are evaluated using well-calibrated satellite instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Preliminary results show that despite a few limitations, the site in general is stable in the long term, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model works well, and the site is most suitable for the Cal/Val of reflective solar bands in the 0.4-1.0 mu m range. It was found that for the past decade, the reflectivity change of the site is within 1.35% at 0.64 mu m, and interannual variability is within 2%. The site is able to resolve calibration biases between instruments at a level of similar to 1 %. The usefulness of the site is demonstrated by comparing observations from seven satellite instruments involving four space agencies, including OrbView-2-SeaWiFS, Terra-Aqua MODIS, Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) - Hyperion, Meteorological Operational satellite programme (MetOp) - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Envisat Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) - dvanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Dome C is a promising candidate site for climate quality calibration of satellite radiometers towards more consistent satellite measurements, as part of the framework for climate change detection and data quality assurance for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). JF - Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing/Journal Canadien de Teledetection AU - Cao, C AU - Uprety, S AU - Xiong, J AU - Wu, A AU - Jing, P AU - Smith, D AU - Chander, G AU - Fox, N AU - Ungar, S AD - Center for Satellite Applications and Research STAR National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NESDIS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA, changyong.cao@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 498 EP - 513 PB - Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, 1685 Russell Rd, Unit 1R Ottawa ON K1G 0N1 Canada VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0703-8992, 0703-8992 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Landsat KW - Sensors KW - Snow KW - quality assurance KW - Antarctica, East Antarctica, Antarctic Plateau, Dome C KW - Climate change KW - Remote sensing KW - Geophysics KW - Mapping KW - Satellites KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926883392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.atitle=Establishing+the+Antarctic+Dome+C+community+reference+standard+site+towards+consistent+measurements+from+Earth+observation+satellites&rft.au=Cao%2C+C%3BUprety%2C+S%3BXiong%2C+J%3BWu%2C+A%3BJing%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+D%3BChander%2C+G%3BFox%2C+N%3BUngar%2C+S&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.issn=07038992&rft_id=info:doi/10.5589%2Fm10-075 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landsat; Sensors; Snow; quality assurance; Climate change; Remote sensing; Mapping; Geophysics; Satellites; Antarctica, East Antarctica, Antarctic Plateau, Dome C DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/m10-075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticides, aquatic food webs, and the conservation of Pacific salmon AN - 902342172; 15891697 AB - Pesticides pose complex threats to the biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. In the western US, pesticides have contaminated many surface waters that provide habitat for endangered salmon. These iconic species depend on the productivity of rivers, lakes, and estuaries to provide food for juvenile growth, a key determinant of subsequent marine survival. Despite extensive societal investments in salmon habitat restoration in recent years, the role of pesticides as a limiting factor for salmon recovery has received little attention. Pesticides can be toxic to primary producers and macroinvertebrates, thereby limiting salmon population recovery through adverse, bottom-up impacts on aquatic food webs. The integration of toxicology, environmental chemistry, population biology, community ecology, landscape ecology, conservation biology, and environmental policy is needed to better understand these indirect effects of pesticides on endangered species. We highlight key information gaps and discuss how future research on pesticides and food webs can most effectively guide the long-term conservation of imperiled fish species. JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment AU - Macneale, KH AU - Kiffney, P M AU - Scholz, N L AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, Seattle, WA, USA, Nathaniel.Scholz@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 475 EP - 482 VL - 8 IS - 8 SN - 1540-9295, 1540-9295 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Surface water KW - Anadromous species KW - Survival KW - Toxicity tests KW - Identification keys KW - Ecology KW - Integration KW - Lakes KW - I, Pacific KW - Salmonidae KW - food webs KW - Food webs KW - Rivers KW - Landscape KW - Estuaries KW - Geochemistry KW - Limiting factors KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Habitat KW - Environmental policy KW - Habitat improvement KW - Pesticides KW - salmon KW - Endangered species KW - Conservation KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - Zoobenthos KW - environmental chemistry KW - Endangered Species KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902342172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Pesticides%2C+aquatic+food+webs%2C+and+the+conservation+of+Pacific+salmon&rft.au=Macneale%2C+KH%3BKiffney%2C+P+M%3BScholz%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Macneale&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15409295&rft_id=info:doi/10.1890%2F090142 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Habitat improvement; Anadromous species; Geochemistry; Pesticides; Zoobenthos; Identification keys; Toxicity tests; Food webs; Endangered Species; Rivers; Surface water; Estuaries; Landscape; Survival; Limiting factors; Habitat; Aquatic ecosystems; Environmental policy; Integration; Lakes; Conservation; Endangered species; Ecology; salmon; aquatic ecosystems; environmental chemistry; food webs; Salmonidae; I, Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/090142 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - POLYCYCLIC MUSK FRAGRANCES IN SEDIMENTS AND SHRIMP TISSUES AN - 855694110; 14062874 AB - Polycyclic musk fragrances are widely used as ingredients in personal care products, shampoos, lotions, and household cleaning agents. These chemicals have relatively high octanol-water partition coefficients, and therefore tend to accumulate in sediments, sludge, and biological tissues. We analyzed shrimp and sediment samples for the presence of synthetic musks. Samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction. Gel permeation chromatography and solid phase extraction with silica were used to clean the extracts. The extracts were analyzed with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry with Electron Impact ionization (GC-MS-EI) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Sediment samples were collected from three tidal tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. HHCB was detected in concentrations up to 9.2 (average 1.1 plus or minus 2.2) ng/g dry weight. Shrimp samples were collected as part of a seafood market survey of wild and farmed shrimp from the USA and other countries (Mexico, India, Equador, Thailand, China and others). Detected HHCB concentrations ranged from 48 to 683 (average 198 plus or minus 156) ng/g lipid in farmed shrimp, and from 66 to 762 (average 334 plus or minus 236) ng/g lipid in wild shrimp. Estimated concentrations of AHTN were up to 185 ng/g lipid in farmed shrimp, and up to 384 ng/g lipid weight in wild shrimp. HHCB was detected in all tissue samples analyzed, thus indicating the widespread distribution of this synthetic fragrance in shrimp. JF - Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds AU - Sapozhnikova, Yelena AU - Liebert, Dan AU - Wirth, Edward AU - Fulton, Michael AD - JHT Inc., (Contractor to NOAA), Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Center for Human Health Risk, NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 298 EP - 308 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 1040-6638, 1040-6638 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - polycyclic musk fragrances KW - sediment KW - shrimp KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Tissues KW - Shrimp KW - Solvent extraction KW - Chromatographic techniques KW - Thailand KW - Lipids KW - India KW - Weight KW - Seafood KW - Tributaries KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Decapoda KW - Shellfish culture KW - Solvents KW - Solids KW - Sludge KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Sediments KW - USA KW - Mexico KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Ionization KW - Aromatics KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - Q3 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855694110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polycyclic+Aromatic+Compounds&rft.atitle=POLYCYCLIC+MUSK+FRAGRANCES+IN+SEDIMENTS+AND+SHRIMP+TISSUES&rft.au=Sapozhnikova%2C+Yelena%3BLiebert%2C+Dan%3BWirth%2C+Edward%3BFulton%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Sapozhnikova&rft.aufirst=Yelena&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polycyclic+Aromatic+Compounds&rft.issn=10406638&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10406638.2010.525160 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment chemistry; Tissues; Solvent extraction; Shellfish culture; Chromatographic techniques; Seafood; Sludge; Tributaries; Aromatics; Mass Spectrometry; Shrimp; Weight; Lipids; Solvents; Solids; Ionization; Sediments; Decapoda; USA; Mexico; Thailand; China, People's Rep.; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay; India DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2010.525160 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. [Part 3 of 4] T2 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. AN - 853675804; 14669-100398_0003 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a medium-sized freshwater hydraulic diversion project from the Mississippi River into the area between the Mississippi River and the River aux Chenes at White Ditch, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana is proposed. The project is one of six elements of a Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) feasibility study to identify cost-effective, near-term restoration features addressing the most critical needs of coastal Louisiana. The LCA Medium Diversion at White Ditch study area is located near Phoenix, Louisiana which is 23 miles south-southeast of New Orleans along the Mississippi River and includes the Breton Sound area. There are over 98,000 acres of intermediate to brackish intertidal wetland habitats in the study area. Subsidence, erosion, channelization, saltwater intrusion, storm damage and the absence of fresh water, sediments and nutrients from the Mississippi River have all caused significant adverse impacts to the White Ditch project area resulting in extensive wetland loss and ecosystem degradation. There is an existing siphon at the mouth of White Ditch that was built in 1963 and has not been in operation since 1991, except for two brief episodes. Hydrologic flow in the area was originally down the River aux Chenes (Oak River), small bayous, and as sheet flow across the marsh towards the Gulf of Mexico. A No Action Alternative and four action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS and Integrated Feasibility Study. Under Alternative 4, which is the recommended plan, a 35,000-cubic-foot per second (cfs) diversion would consist of ten 15-foot by 15-foot box culverts with hydraulic-operated sluice gates that would be placed in the Mississippi River levee. An outflow channel about 7,200 feet long, 545 feet wide and 16 feet deep would be dredged to carry the flow. In addition about 8,600 feet of Bayou Garelle would be deepened to allow passage of the diverted waters. All material removed from these channels would be used beneficially. Some would be placed immediately adjacent to the outfall canal and Bayou Garelle to guide the water and to create 31 acres of ridge habitat. The rest would be placed in open water and marsh adjacent to the channels to nourish or create 385 acres of marsh. The marsh nourishment/creation areas would be surrounded by containment berms built with material from within the areas. Rip-rap would be placed along the outfall channel in key places for stabilization. Rip-rap plugs would be placed in six major canals leading to River aux Chenes to prevent diverted sediment from leaving the project area. The material that is removed would be placed adjacent to the channel to nourish or create marsh. The total estimated cost of the recommended plan is $387.6 million. Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 would involve construction of structures capable of diverting 5,000 cfs, 10,000 cfs, and 15,000 cfs, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a source of river sediment, freshwater, and nutrients to the River aux Chenes subbasin and other nearby portions of the upper Breton Sound Basin, and would help to restore and protect marsh soils and vegetation and maintain a functional salinity regime. The diversion of fresh water, sediments and nutrients would nourish 41,206 acres of wetlands and have a net value of 13,355 average annual habitat units. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the recommended plan, construction of the diversion would impact 277 acres of intermediate marsh, 363 acres of shallow open water, and five acres of bottomland hardwoods. Channel excavation would impact 233 acres of intermediate marsh and shallow open water. The conveyance channel and the marsh creation/restoration features would affect 11 of the 13 landowners within the right-of-way needs for the project. Construction of the project would also require the temporary relocation of State Highway 39 and a powerline adjacent to the highway. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0215D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100398, Final EIS--408 pages, Appendices--600 pages, October 1, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Dikes KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Hydrology KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Sediment KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi River KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: October 1, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. [Part 2 of 4] T2 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. AN - 853675624; 14669-100398_0002 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a medium-sized freshwater hydraulic diversion project from the Mississippi River into the area between the Mississippi River and the River aux Chenes at White Ditch, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana is proposed. The project is one of six elements of a Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) feasibility study to identify cost-effective, near-term restoration features addressing the most critical needs of coastal Louisiana. The LCA Medium Diversion at White Ditch study area is located near Phoenix, Louisiana which is 23 miles south-southeast of New Orleans along the Mississippi River and includes the Breton Sound area. There are over 98,000 acres of intermediate to brackish intertidal wetland habitats in the study area. Subsidence, erosion, channelization, saltwater intrusion, storm damage and the absence of fresh water, sediments and nutrients from the Mississippi River have all caused significant adverse impacts to the White Ditch project area resulting in extensive wetland loss and ecosystem degradation. There is an existing siphon at the mouth of White Ditch that was built in 1963 and has not been in operation since 1991, except for two brief episodes. Hydrologic flow in the area was originally down the River aux Chenes (Oak River), small bayous, and as sheet flow across the marsh towards the Gulf of Mexico. A No Action Alternative and four action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS and Integrated Feasibility Study. Under Alternative 4, which is the recommended plan, a 35,000-cubic-foot per second (cfs) diversion would consist of ten 15-foot by 15-foot box culverts with hydraulic-operated sluice gates that would be placed in the Mississippi River levee. An outflow channel about 7,200 feet long, 545 feet wide and 16 feet deep would be dredged to carry the flow. In addition about 8,600 feet of Bayou Garelle would be deepened to allow passage of the diverted waters. All material removed from these channels would be used beneficially. Some would be placed immediately adjacent to the outfall canal and Bayou Garelle to guide the water and to create 31 acres of ridge habitat. The rest would be placed in open water and marsh adjacent to the channels to nourish or create 385 acres of marsh. The marsh nourishment/creation areas would be surrounded by containment berms built with material from within the areas. Rip-rap would be placed along the outfall channel in key places for stabilization. Rip-rap plugs would be placed in six major canals leading to River aux Chenes to prevent diverted sediment from leaving the project area. The material that is removed would be placed adjacent to the channel to nourish or create marsh. The total estimated cost of the recommended plan is $387.6 million. Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 would involve construction of structures capable of diverting 5,000 cfs, 10,000 cfs, and 15,000 cfs, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a source of river sediment, freshwater, and nutrients to the River aux Chenes subbasin and other nearby portions of the upper Breton Sound Basin, and would help to restore and protect marsh soils and vegetation and maintain a functional salinity regime. The diversion of fresh water, sediments and nutrients would nourish 41,206 acres of wetlands and have a net value of 13,355 average annual habitat units. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the recommended plan, construction of the diversion would impact 277 acres of intermediate marsh, 363 acres of shallow open water, and five acres of bottomland hardwoods. Channel excavation would impact 233 acres of intermediate marsh and shallow open water. The conveyance channel and the marsh creation/restoration features would affect 11 of the 13 landowners within the right-of-way needs for the project. Construction of the project would also require the temporary relocation of State Highway 39 and a powerline adjacent to the highway. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0215D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100398, Final EIS--408 pages, Appendices--600 pages, October 1, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Dikes KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Hydrology KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Sediment KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi River KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: October 1, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. [Part 1 of 4] T2 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. AN - 853675617; 14669-100398_0001 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a medium-sized freshwater hydraulic diversion project from the Mississippi River into the area between the Mississippi River and the River aux Chenes at White Ditch, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana is proposed. The project is one of six elements of a Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) feasibility study to identify cost-effective, near-term restoration features addressing the most critical needs of coastal Louisiana. The LCA Medium Diversion at White Ditch study area is located near Phoenix, Louisiana which is 23 miles south-southeast of New Orleans along the Mississippi River and includes the Breton Sound area. There are over 98,000 acres of intermediate to brackish intertidal wetland habitats in the study area. Subsidence, erosion, channelization, saltwater intrusion, storm damage and the absence of fresh water, sediments and nutrients from the Mississippi River have all caused significant adverse impacts to the White Ditch project area resulting in extensive wetland loss and ecosystem degradation. There is an existing siphon at the mouth of White Ditch that was built in 1963 and has not been in operation since 1991, except for two brief episodes. Hydrologic flow in the area was originally down the River aux Chenes (Oak River), small bayous, and as sheet flow across the marsh towards the Gulf of Mexico. A No Action Alternative and four action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS and Integrated Feasibility Study. Under Alternative 4, which is the recommended plan, a 35,000-cubic-foot per second (cfs) diversion would consist of ten 15-foot by 15-foot box culverts with hydraulic-operated sluice gates that would be placed in the Mississippi River levee. An outflow channel about 7,200 feet long, 545 feet wide and 16 feet deep would be dredged to carry the flow. In addition about 8,600 feet of Bayou Garelle would be deepened to allow passage of the diverted waters. All material removed from these channels would be used beneficially. Some would be placed immediately adjacent to the outfall canal and Bayou Garelle to guide the water and to create 31 acres of ridge habitat. The rest would be placed in open water and marsh adjacent to the channels to nourish or create 385 acres of marsh. The marsh nourishment/creation areas would be surrounded by containment berms built with material from within the areas. Rip-rap would be placed along the outfall channel in key places for stabilization. Rip-rap plugs would be placed in six major canals leading to River aux Chenes to prevent diverted sediment from leaving the project area. The material that is removed would be placed adjacent to the channel to nourish or create marsh. The total estimated cost of the recommended plan is $387.6 million. Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 would involve construction of structures capable of diverting 5,000 cfs, 10,000 cfs, and 15,000 cfs, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a source of river sediment, freshwater, and nutrients to the River aux Chenes subbasin and other nearby portions of the upper Breton Sound Basin, and would help to restore and protect marsh soils and vegetation and maintain a functional salinity regime. The diversion of fresh water, sediments and nutrients would nourish 41,206 acres of wetlands and have a net value of 13,355 average annual habitat units. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the recommended plan, construction of the diversion would impact 277 acres of intermediate marsh, 363 acres of shallow open water, and five acres of bottomland hardwoods. Channel excavation would impact 233 acres of intermediate marsh and shallow open water. The conveyance channel and the marsh creation/restoration features would affect 11 of the 13 landowners within the right-of-way needs for the project. Construction of the project would also require the temporary relocation of State Highway 39 and a powerline adjacent to the highway. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0215D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100398, Final EIS--408 pages, Appendices--600 pages, October 1, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Dikes KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Hydrology KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Sediment KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi River KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: October 1, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. [Part 4 of 4] T2 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. AN - 853675539; 14669-100398_0004 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a medium-sized freshwater hydraulic diversion project from the Mississippi River into the area between the Mississippi River and the River aux Chenes at White Ditch, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana is proposed. The project is one of six elements of a Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) feasibility study to identify cost-effective, near-term restoration features addressing the most critical needs of coastal Louisiana. The LCA Medium Diversion at White Ditch study area is located near Phoenix, Louisiana which is 23 miles south-southeast of New Orleans along the Mississippi River and includes the Breton Sound area. There are over 98,000 acres of intermediate to brackish intertidal wetland habitats in the study area. Subsidence, erosion, channelization, saltwater intrusion, storm damage and the absence of fresh water, sediments and nutrients from the Mississippi River have all caused significant adverse impacts to the White Ditch project area resulting in extensive wetland loss and ecosystem degradation. There is an existing siphon at the mouth of White Ditch that was built in 1963 and has not been in operation since 1991, except for two brief episodes. Hydrologic flow in the area was originally down the River aux Chenes (Oak River), small bayous, and as sheet flow across the marsh towards the Gulf of Mexico. A No Action Alternative and four action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS and Integrated Feasibility Study. Under Alternative 4, which is the recommended plan, a 35,000-cubic-foot per second (cfs) diversion would consist of ten 15-foot by 15-foot box culverts with hydraulic-operated sluice gates that would be placed in the Mississippi River levee. An outflow channel about 7,200 feet long, 545 feet wide and 16 feet deep would be dredged to carry the flow. In addition about 8,600 feet of Bayou Garelle would be deepened to allow passage of the diverted waters. All material removed from these channels would be used beneficially. Some would be placed immediately adjacent to the outfall canal and Bayou Garelle to guide the water and to create 31 acres of ridge habitat. The rest would be placed in open water and marsh adjacent to the channels to nourish or create 385 acres of marsh. The marsh nourishment/creation areas would be surrounded by containment berms built with material from within the areas. Rip-rap would be placed along the outfall channel in key places for stabilization. Rip-rap plugs would be placed in six major canals leading to River aux Chenes to prevent diverted sediment from leaving the project area. The material that is removed would be placed adjacent to the channel to nourish or create marsh. The total estimated cost of the recommended plan is $387.6 million. Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 would involve construction of structures capable of diverting 5,000 cfs, 10,000 cfs, and 15,000 cfs, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a source of river sediment, freshwater, and nutrients to the River aux Chenes subbasin and other nearby portions of the upper Breton Sound Basin, and would help to restore and protect marsh soils and vegetation and maintain a functional salinity regime. The diversion of fresh water, sediments and nutrients would nourish 41,206 acres of wetlands and have a net value of 13,355 average annual habitat units. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the recommended plan, construction of the diversion would impact 277 acres of intermediate marsh, 363 acres of shallow open water, and five acres of bottomland hardwoods. Channel excavation would impact 233 acres of intermediate marsh and shallow open water. The conveyance channel and the marsh creation/restoration features would affect 11 of the 13 landowners within the right-of-way needs for the project. Construction of the project would also require the temporary relocation of State Highway 39 and a powerline adjacent to the highway. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0215D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100398, Final EIS--408 pages, Appendices--600 pages, October 1, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Dikes KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Hydrology KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Sediment KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi River KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: October 1, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple ice-age refugia in Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus AN - 853474501; 13854015 AB - AbstractPleistocene ice-ages greatly influenced the historical abundances of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in the North Pacific and its marginal seas. We surveyed genetic variation at 11 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial (mt) DNA in samples from twelve locations from the Sea of Japan to Washington State. Both microsatellite (mean H=0.868) and mtDNA haplotype (mean h=0.958) diversities were large and did not show any geographical trends. Genetic differentiation between samples was significantly correlated with geographical distance between samples for both microsatellites (FST = 0.028, r super(2) = 0.33) and mtDNA (FST= 0.027, r super(2) = 0.18). Both marker classes showed a strong genetic discontinuity between northwestern and northeastern Pacific populations that likely represents groups previously isolated during glaciations that are now in secondary contact. Significant differences appeared between samples from the Sea of Japan and Okhotsk Sea that may reflect ice-age isolations in the northwest Pacific. In the northeast Pacific, a microsatellite and mtDNA partition was detected between coastal and Georgia Basin populations. The presence of two major coastal mtDNA lineages on either side of the Pacific Ocean basin implies at least two ice-age refugia and separate postglacial population expansions facilitated by different glacial histories. Northward expansions into the Gulf of Alaska were possible 14-15 kyr ago, but deglaciation and colonization of the Georgia Basin probably occurred somewhat later. Population expansions were evident in mtDNA mismatch distributions and in Bayesian skyline plots of the three major lineages, but the start of expansions appeared to pre-date the last glacial maximum. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Canino, Michael F AU - Spies, Ingrid B AU - Cunningham, Kathryn M AU - Hauser, Lorenz AU - GRANT, WSTEWART AD - *NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA 1, mike.canino@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 4339 EP - 4351 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 19 IS - 19 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts KW - glaciation KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Basins KW - Mitochondria KW - Genetic diversity KW - Genotypes KW - INE, USA, Washington KW - INE, Canada, British Columbia, Georgia Basin KW - Marine fish KW - Colonization KW - Differentiation KW - Population genetics KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Haplotypes KW - Palaeoceanography KW - INW, Okhotsk Sea KW - Marine KW - Refuges KW - Microsatellites KW - Deglaciation KW - INW, Japan Sea KW - Refugia KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - Gadus macrocephalus KW - Oceans KW - DNA KW - Glaciation KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf KW - Q1 08342:Geographical distribution KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853474501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Multiple+ice-age+refugia+in+Pacific+cod%2C+Gadus+macrocephalus&rft.au=Canino%2C+Michael+F%3BSpies%2C+Ingrid+B%3BCunningham%2C+Kathryn+M%3BHauser%2C+Lorenz%3BGRANT%2C+WSTEWART&rft.aulast=Canino&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=4339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-294X.2010.04815.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 79 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Population genetics; Refuges; Palaeoceanography; Nucleotide sequence; Glaciation; Deglaciation; DNA; Genotypes; Refugia; Differentiation; Colonization; Mitochondrial DNA; Haplotypes; glaciation; Bayesian analysis; Oceans; Microsatellites; Genetic diversity; Mitochondria; Basins; Gadus macrocephalus; IN, North Pacific; INW, Japan Sea; INE, USA, Washington; INW, Okhotsk Sea; INE, Canada, British Columbia, Georgia Basin; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04815.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Piracy, Sea Robbery, and Terrorism: Enforcing Laws to Deter Ransom Payments and Hijacking AN - 853230063; 2011-38687 AB - This paper focuses on U.S. and international laws that address piracy and presents several alternatives that may help combat the unlawful attacks on a global level. By negatively affecting the proportionality of the pirate "risk v. reward" ratio, a nation can protect itself from becoming an easy pirate target. Moreover, by enforcing current laws against terrorism, the U.S. may use its existing policy to encourage local ship owners and insurers to find alternative means to paying ransoms to pirates. Figures. Adapted from the source document. JF - Transportation Law Journal AU - Lennox-Gentle, Thaine AD - United States Patent and Trademark Office Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 199 EP - 217 PB - University of Denver College of Law, Colorado VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0049-450X, 0049-450X KW - Administration of justice - Police and law enforcement KW - Administration of justice - Crime and criminals KW - International relations - War KW - Law and ethics - International law KW - Transportation and transportation policy - Maritime and inland water transport KW - Banking and public and private finance - International banking and finance and financial institutions KW - Banking and public and private finance - Banking operations and services KW - United States KW - Ships KW - Threats KW - Robbery KW - Terrorism KW - Law enforcement KW - International law KW - Hijacking of ships KW - Payment KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853230063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Piracy%2C+Sea+Robbery%2C+and+Terrorism%3A+Enforcing+Laws+to+Deter+Ransom+Payments+and+Hijacking&rft.au=Lennox-Gentle%2C+Thaine&rft.aulast=Lennox-Gentle&rft.aufirst=Thaine&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transportation+Law+Journal&rft.issn=0049450X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-16 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Law enforcement; Hijacking of ships; Threats; Terrorism; International law; Ships; Payment; United States; Robbery ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fabrication and characterization of gelatin-based test materials for verification of trace contraband vapor detectors AN - 849439259; 13981348 AB - This work describes a method to produce inexpensive and field deployable test materials that can be used to verify the performance of trace contraband vapor detection systems such as ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) currently deployed worldwide for explosives, narcotics, and chemical warfare agent (CWA) detection. Requirements for such field deployable test materials include long shelf life, portability, and low manufacturing costs. Reported here is a method for fabricating these test materials using encapsulation of high vapor pressure compounds, such as methyl salicylate (MS), into a gelatin matrix. Gelatin serves as a diffusion barrier allowing for controlled and sustained release of test vapors. Test materials were prepared by incorporating serial dilutions of MS into gelatin, which provide controlled analyte vapor release over 3 to 4 orders of magnitude of instrument response. The test materials are simple to prepare and have been shown to be stable for at least one year under controlled laboratory conditions. JF - Analyst (Cambridge UK) AU - Staymates, J L AU - Gillen, G AD - Surface and Microanalysis Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA, jessica.staymates@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 2573 EP - 2578 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Milton Road Science Park Cambridge CB4 0WF UK VL - 135 IS - 10 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Barriers KW - Costs KW - Vapor Pressure KW - Materials Testing KW - Spectrometers KW - British Isles KW - Instrument responses KW - Laboratories KW - Storage life KW - Narcotics KW - Operational costs KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Explosives KW - Fabrication KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09162:Methods and instruments KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/849439259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analyst+%28Cambridge+UK%29&rft.atitle=Fabrication+and+characterization+of+gelatin-based+test+materials+for+verification+of+trace+contraband+vapor+detectors&rft.au=Staymates%2C+J+L%3BGillen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Staymates&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analyst+%28Cambridge+UK%29&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc0an00380h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Operational costs; Barriers; Instrument responses; Storage life; Narcotics; Costs; Vapor Pressure; Laboratories; Wastewater Disposal; Explosives; Materials Testing; Fabrication; Spectrometers; British Isles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0an00380h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing habitat utilization and rockfish (Sebastes spp.) biomass on an isolated rocky ridge using acoustics and stereo image analysis AN - 847437535; 13783476 AB - For those marine fish species with specific habitat preferences, a habitat-based assessment may provide an alternative to traditional surveys. We conducted a habitat-based acoustic and stereo image stock assessment survey for rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) on a rocky ridge habitat in the eastern Bering Sea. Video analysis suggested that juvenile and adult rockfishes were more abundant on the seafloor in the rocky ridge area than on the surrounding sandy flats. Over the ridges, the distribution of rockfishes was uniformly low in the water column during nighttime surveys and higher during daytime surveys. The opposite pattern was observed in the video on the seafloor between night (high density) and day (lower density), indicating that fish in the water column during the day moved to the seafloor at night. Mean biomass of adult rockfishes for the rocky ridges was 1.54 10 super(4) tonnes based on acoustic data. The biomass of juvenile fish was estimated to be 9.2 10 super(2) tonnes. Utilization of similar survey methodologies on a larger scale might improve assessment of rockfishes not only in Alaska, but also throughout their range where fishery-independent biomass estimates have been difficult to obtain.Original Abstract: Chez les especes de poissons marins qui possedent des preferences specifiques d'habitat, une evaluation basee sur l'habitat pourrait etre une methode de rechange aux inventaires traditionnels. Nous avons fait un inventaire acoustique et video d'evaluation des stocks des sebastes (Sebastes spp.) base sur l'habitat dans un milieu de crete rocheuse dans l'est de la mer de Bering. L'analyse video indique que les sebastes jeunes et adultes sont plus abondants sur le fond marin dans la region de la crete rocheuse que sur les plats sablonneux adjacents. Sur les cretes, la repartition des sebastes est uniformement basse dans la colonne d'eau durant les inventaires de nuit et plus elevee durant les inventaires de jour. Un patron contraire s'observe par video sur le fond marin entre les inventaires de nuit (densite elevee) et de jour (densite basse), ce qui indique que les poissons qui sont dans la colonne d'eau durant le jour se deplacent vers le fond marin la nuit. La biomasse moyenne des sebastes adultes sur les cretes rocheuses est de 1,54 10 super(4) tonnes d'apres les donnees acoustiques. La biomasse des jeunes poissons est estimee a 9,2 10 super(2) tonnes. L'utilisation de methodes semblables d'inventaire sur une plus grande echelle pourrait ameliorer l'evaluation des sebastes, non seulement en Alaska, mais aussi sur toute leur aire de repartition dans laquelle des estimations des biomasses independantes de la peche sont difficiles a obtenir. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Rooper, Christopher N AU - Hoff, Gerald R AU - Robertis, Alex De AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle WA 98115, USA., Chris.Rooper@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 1658 EP - 1670 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 10 KW - Rockcod KW - Rockfishes KW - Rosefishes KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Acoustic data KW - Habitat selection KW - Water column KW - Marine fish KW - Daytime KW - Habitat utilization KW - Ocean floor KW - marine fishes KW - Acoustics KW - Surveys KW - Image processing KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - ridges KW - Fish KW - Ecological distribution KW - habitat preferences KW - Habitats KW - Assessments KW - Nighttime KW - Fisheries KW - stock assessment KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Density KW - Stock assessment KW - Habitat preferences KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Scales KW - water column KW - Sebastes KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - Q1 08342:Geographical distribution KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/847437535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Assessing+habitat+utilization+and+rockfish+%28Sebastes+spp.%29+biomass+on+an+isolated+rocky+ridge+using+acoustics+and+stereo+image+analysis&rft.au=Rooper%2C+Christopher+N%3BHoff%2C+Gerald+R%3BRobertis%2C+Alex+De&rft.aulast=Rooper&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-088 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Marine fish; Acoustic data; Ecological distribution; Stock assessment; Biomass; Habitat selection; Habitat; Ocean floor; Daytime; Data processing; Acoustics; Scales; Nighttime; Habitat preferences; Image processing; Habitat utilization; Water column; ridges; marine fishes; habitat preferences; water column; Fish; stock assessment; Habitats; Assessments; Density; Fisheries; Surveys; Sebastes; IN, Bering Sea; INE, USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-088 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An inexpensive millimeter-accuracy electronic length measuring board AN - 839668456; 13719367 AB - A design is presented for a cost-effective, easy to use, millimeter resolution electronic fish measuring board. The device is easily assembled from commercially available electronic components and a customized electronic control board. The principal component of this design is a magnetostrictive linear distance sensor. This sensor is an alternative to previous approaches in magnetic measuring technology that used magnetoresistive or Hall-effect sensors. The measuring device is connected to a personal computer or personal digital assistant running a data acquisition application. Length measurements are taken by momentarily placing a magnet on the length board sensor at the desired measurement location. The described electronic fish measuring board is a robust, inexpensive and efficient alternative to other methods and devices used to rapidly collect relatively large numbers of high-resolution length measurements. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Towler, Richard AU - Williams, Kresimir AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA, rick.towler@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 107 EP - 111 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Fish measuring board KW - Fish length measurement KW - Sensors KW - Magnets KW - Computers KW - Measuring devices KW - Data acquisition KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q4 27720:Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839668456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=An+inexpensive+millimeter-accuracy+electronic+length+measuring+board&rft.au=Towler%2C+Richard%3BWilliams%2C+Kresimir&rft.aulast=Towler&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.06.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensors; Magnets; Measuring devices; Data acquisition; Computers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.06.012 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Arctic report card; update for 2010; tracking recent environmental changes AN - 821968516; 2011-009147 JF - Arctic report card; update for 2010; tracking recent environmental changes A2 - Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A. A2 - Overland, J. E. Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 103 KW - ocean circulation KW - ice KW - Arctic region KW - snow KW - sea ice KW - report KW - Arctic Ocean KW - ecology KW - climate change KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/821968516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Arctic+report+card%3B+update+for+2010%3B+tracking+recent+environmental+changes&rft.title=Arctic+report+card%3B+update+for+2010%3B+tracking+recent+environmental+changes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States N1 - SuppNotes - Individual chapters within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Glaciers outside Greenland AN - 821968033; 2011-009155 JF - Arctic report card; update for 2010; tracking recent environmental changes AU - Sharp, M AU - Wolken, G A2 - Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A. A2 - Overland, J. E. Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 KW - weather observations KW - Arctic region KW - GRACE KW - glaciers KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - satellite methods KW - climate change KW - mass balance KW - ice KW - snow KW - surveys KW - Arctic Ocean KW - glacial geology KW - meteorology KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/821968033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sharp%2C+M%3BWolken%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Glaciers+outside+Greenland&rft.title=Glaciers+outside+Greenland&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Availability - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Permafrost AN - 821968006; 2011-009152 JF - Arctic report card; update for 2010; tracking recent environmental changes AU - Romanovsky, V AU - Oberman, N AU - Drozdov, D AU - Malkova, G AU - Kholodov, A AU - Marchenko, S A2 - Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A. A2 - Overland, J. E. Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 KW - United States KW - permafrost KW - North Slope KW - Arctic region KW - Northern Alaska KW - surveys KW - Arctic Ocean KW - Alaska KW - frozen ground KW - thawing KW - temperature KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/821968006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Romanovsky%2C+V%3BOberman%2C+N%3BDrozdov%2C+D%3BMalkova%2C+G%3BKholodov%2C+A%3BMarchenko%2C+S&rft.aulast=Romanovsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Permafrost&rft.title=Permafrost&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Availability - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Greenland AN - 821965947; 2011-009156 JF - Arctic report card; update for 2010; tracking recent environmental changes AU - Box, J E AU - Cappelen, J AU - Decker, D AU - Fettweis, X AU - Mote, T AU - Tedesco, M AU - van de Wal, R S W A2 - Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A. A2 - Overland, J. E. Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 KW - weather observations KW - Arctic region KW - Greenland ice sheet KW - glaciers KW - ice sheets KW - temperature KW - Greenland KW - atmospheric circulation KW - melting KW - mass balance KW - air KW - seasonal variations KW - glacial geology KW - meteorology KW - meltwater KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/821965947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Box%2C+J+E%3BCappelen%2C+J%3BDecker%2C+D%3BFettweis%2C+X%3BMote%2C+T%3BTedesco%2C+M%3Bvan+de+Wal%2C+R+S+W&rft.aulast=Box&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Greenland&rft.title=Greenland&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Availability - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaching Scientific Consensus Through a Competition AN - 817608745; 13971506 JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Lakshmanan, Valliappa AU - Elmore, Kimberly L AU - Richman, Michael B AD - Cooperative Institute of Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 1423 EP - 1427 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 91 IS - 10 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Conferences KW - Meteorology KW - American Meteorological Society KW - Research KW - Competition KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - Q2 09105:Research programmes and expeditions KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817608745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=Reaching+Scientific+Consensus+Through+a+Competition&rft.au=Lakshmanan%2C+Valliappa%3BElmore%2C+Kimberly+L%3BRichman%2C+Michael+B&rft.aulast=Lakshmanan&rft.aufirst=Valliappa&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2870.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meteorology; Research; Competition; American Meteorological Society; Conferences DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS2870.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid-Scan Super-Resolution Observations of a Cyclic Supercell with a Dual-Polarization WSR-88D AN - 817608694; 13971494 AB - In recent years, there has been widespread interest in collecting and analyzing rapid updates of radar data in severe convective storms. To this end, conventional single-polarization rapid-scan radars and phased array radar systems have been employed in numerous studies. However, rapid updates of dual-polarization radar data in storms are not widely available. For this study, a rapid scanning strategy is developed for the polarimetric prototype research Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), which emulates the future capabilities of a polarimetric multifunction phased array radar (MPAR). With this strategy, data are collected over an 80 sector with 0.5 azimuthal spacing and 250-m radial resolution ("super resolution"), with 12 elevation angles. Thus, full volume scans over a limited area are collected every 71-73 s. The scanning strategy was employed on a cyclic nontornadic supercell storm in western Oklahoma on 1 June 2008. The evolution of the polarimetric signatures in the supercell is analyzed. The repetitive pattern of evolution of these polarimetric features is found to be directly tied to the cyclic occlusion process of the low-level mesocyclone. The cycle for each of the polarimetric signatures is presented and described in detail, complete with a microphysical interpretation. In doing so, for the first time the bulk microphysical properties of the storm on small time scales (inferred from polarimetric data) are analyzed. The documented evolution of the polarimetric signatures could be used operationally to aid in the detection and determination of various stages of the low-level mesocyclone occlusion. JF - Monthly Weather Review AU - Kumjian, Matthew R AU - Ryzhkov, Alexander V AU - Melnikov, Valery M AU - Schuur, Terry J AD - Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, and NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma, matthew.kumjian@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 3762 EP - 3786 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 138 IS - 10 SN - 0027-0644, 0027-0644 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Supercells KW - Radars/Radar observations KW - Mesocyclones KW - Hail KW - Convective-scale processes KW - Weather KW - Prototypes KW - Storms KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Occlusions KW - Reviews KW - Elevation KW - Radar KW - Severe convective storms KW - Evolution KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - M2 551.508:Instruments (551.508) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817608694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Rapid-Scan+Super-Resolution+Observations+of+a+Cyclic+Supercell+with+a+Dual-Polarization+WSR-88D&rft.au=Kumjian%2C+Matthew+R%3BRyzhkov%2C+Alexander+V%3BMelnikov%2C+Valery+M%3BSchuur%2C+Terry+J&rft.aulast=Kumjian&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3762&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issn=00270644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010MWR3322.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 95 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occlusions; Radar; Supercells; Severe convective storms; Storms; Weather; Prototypes; Reviews; Elevation; Evolution; USA, Oklahoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3322.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bias in Differential Reflectivity due to Cross Coupling through the Radiation Patterns of Polarimetric Weather Radars AN - 815537050; 13851745 AB - Examined is bias in differential reflectivity and its effect on estimates of rain rate due to coupling of the vertically and horizontally polarized fields through the radiation patterns. To that end, a brief review of the effects of the bias on quantitative rainfall measurements is given. Suggestions for tolerable values of this bias are made. Of utmost interest is the bias produced by radars simultaneously transmitting horizontally and vertically polarized fields, as this configuration has been chosen for pending upgrades to the U.S. national network of radars (Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler; WSR-88D). The bias strongly depends on the cross-polar radiation pattern. Two patterns, documented in the literature, are considered. JF - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology AU - Zrnic, Dusan AU - Doviak, Richard AU - Zhang, Guifu AU - Ryzhkov, Alexander AD - NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma, dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 1624 EP - 1637 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 27 IS - 10 SN - 0739-0572, 0739-0572 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Radars/radar observations KW - Rainfall KW - Bias KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Reflectance KW - Surveillance and enforcement KW - USA KW - Weather radar KW - Radiation KW - Reviews KW - Radar KW - Networks KW - Rain KW - Rainfall measurements KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.578.1:Liquid (551.578.1) KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815537050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.atitle=Bias+in+Differential+Reflectivity+due+to+Cross+Coupling+through+the+Radiation+Patterns+of+Polarimetric+Weather+Radars&rft.au=Zrnic%2C+Dusan%3BDoviak%2C+Richard%3BZhang%2C+Guifu%3BRyzhkov%2C+Alexander&rft.aulast=Zrnic&rft.aufirst=Dusan&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.issn=07390572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JTECHA1350.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reflectance; Surveillance and enforcement; Weather radar; Radiation; Radar; Rainfall measurements; Weather; Rainfall; Reviews; Networks; Rain; USA; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHA1350.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Momentum Flux Budget across the Air-Sea Interface under Uniform and Tropical Cyclone Winds AN - 815536471; 13851771 AB - In coupled ocean-atmosphere models, it is usually assumed that the momentum flux into ocean currents is equal to the flux from air (wind stress). However, when the surface wave field grows (decays) in space or time, it gains (loses) momentum and reduces (increases) the momentum flux into subsurface currents compared to the flux from the wind. In particular, under tropical cyclone (TC) conditions the surface wave field is complex and fast varying in space and time and may significantly affect the momentum flux from wind into ocean. In this paper, numerical experiments are performed to investigate the momentum flux budget across the air-sea interface under both uniform and idealized TC winds. The wave fields are simulated using the WAVEWATCH III model. The difference between the momentum flux from wind and the flux into currents is estimated using an air-sea momentum flux budget model. In many of the experiments, the momentum flux into currents is significantly reduced relative to the flux from the wind. The percentage of this reduction depends on the choice of the drag coefficient parameterization and can be as large as 25%. For the TC cases, the reduction is mainly in the right-rear quadrant of the hurricane, and the percentage of the flux reduction is insensitive to the changes of the storm size and the asymmetry in the wind field but varies with the TC translation speed and the storm intensity. The results of this study suggest that it is important to explicitly resolve the effect of surface waves for accurate estimations of the momentum flux into currents under TCs. JF - Journal of Physical Oceanography AU - Fan, Yalin AU - Ginis, Isaac AU - Hara, Tetsu AD - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, yalinfan@princeton.edu Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 2221 EP - 2242 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0022-3670, 0022-3670 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Air-sea flux KW - Surface water waves KW - Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models KW - Storms KW - Wind fields KW - Subsurface currents KW - Air-sea coupling KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Momentum transfer, sea-atmosphere KW - Decay KW - Drag coefficient KW - budgets KW - Marine KW - Stress KW - cyclones KW - Air-water interface KW - ocean currents KW - Air-sea interaction KW - Ocean currents KW - Hurricanes KW - Currents KW - Translations KW - Oceans KW - Momentum flux KW - Drag coefficients KW - Momentum transfer KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physical+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Momentum+Flux+Budget+across+the+Air-Sea+Interface+under+Uniform+and+Tropical+Cyclone+Winds&rft.au=Fan%2C+Yalin%3BGinis%2C+Isaac%3BHara%2C+Tetsu&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Yalin&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Physical+Oceanography&rft.issn=00223670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JPO4299.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Translations; Air-sea coupling; Surface water waves; Ocean-atmosphere system; Drag coefficient; Wind fields; Air-water interface; Momentum transfer; Ocean currents; Air-sea interaction; Air-sea flux; Subsurface currents; Momentum transfer, sea-atmosphere; Drag coefficients; Momentum flux; Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models; Storms; Currents; Oceans; Stress; Decay; cyclones; budgets; ocean currents; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4299.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Native fish diversity alters the effects of an invasive species on food webs AN - 807285734; 13921713 AB - Aquatic communities have been altered by invasive species, with impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem function. At the same time, native biodiversity may mitigate the effects of an invader. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a ubiquitous, invasive fish species that strongly influences community and ecosystem processes. We used common carp to test whether the potential effects of an invasive species are altered across a range of species diversity in native communities. In mesocosms, treatments of zero, one, three, and six native fish species were used to represent the nested subset patterns observed in fish communities of lakes in Illinois, USA. The effect of the invader was tested across fish richness treatments by adding common carp to the native community and substituting native biomass with common carp. Native species and intraspecific effects reduced invader growth. The invader reduced native fish growth; however, the negative effect was minimized with increasing native richness. The zooplankton grazer community was modified by a top-down effect from the invader that increased the amount of phytoplankton. Neither the invader nor richness treatments influenced total phosphorus or community metabolism. Overall, the invader reduced resources for native species, and the effect scaled with how the invader was incorporated into the community. Higher native diversity mitigated the impact of the invader, confirming the need to consider biodiversity when predicting the impacts of invasive species. JF - Ecology AU - Carey, M P AU - Wahl, D H AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112 USA, Michael.P.Carey@noaa.gov A2 - Schindler, DE (ed) Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 2965 EP - 2974 VL - 91 IS - 10 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Phosphorus KW - Biological diversity KW - Phytoplankton KW - Biodiversity KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Lakes KW - Growth KW - Aquatic communities KW - invasive species KW - food webs KW - Food webs KW - USA, Illinois KW - Invasive Species KW - Zooplankton KW - Biomass KW - Mesocosms KW - Indigenous species KW - Community composition KW - Cyprinus carpio KW - Species diversity KW - Fish KW - Introduced species KW - Metabolism KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807285734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Native+fish+diversity+alters+the+effects+of+an+invasive+species+on+food+webs&rft.au=Carey%2C+M+P%3BWahl%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2965&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Growth; Invasive Species; Species diversity; Biodiversity; Freshwater fish; Introduced species; Food webs; Mesocosms; Zooplankton; Phosphorus; Phytoplankton; Biomass; Indigenous species; Lakes; Aquatic communities; Metabolism; invasive species; Biological diversity; Fish; food webs; Cyprinus carpio; USA, Illinois; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Adequacy of Observing Systems in Monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and North Atlantic Climate AN - 807284084; 13851770 AB - The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has an important influence on climate, and yet adequate observations of this circulation are lacking. Here, the authors assess the adequacy of past and current widely deployed routine observing systems for monitoring the AMOC and associated North Atlantic climate. To do so, this study draws on two independent simulations of the twentieth century using an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled climate model. One simulation is treated as "truth" and is sampled according to the observing system being evaluated. The authors then assimilate these synthetic "observations" into the second simulation within a fully coupled system that instantaneously exchanges information among all coupled components and produces a nearly balanced and coherent estimate for global climate states including the North Atlantic climate system. The degree to which the assimilation recovers the truth is an assessment of the adequacy of the observing system being evaluated. As the coupled system responds to the constraint of the atmosphere or ocean, the assessment of the recovery for climate quantities such as Labrador Sea Water (LSW) and the North Atlantic Oscillation increases the understanding of the factors that determine AMOC variability. For example, the low-frequency sea surface forcings provided by the atmospheric and sea surface temperature observations are found to excite a LSW variation that governs the long-time-scale variability of the AMOC. When the most complete modern observing system, consisting of atmospheric winds and temperature, is used along with Argo ocean temperature and salinity down to 2000 m, a skill estimate of AMOC reconstruction is 90% (out of 100% maximum). Similarly encouraging results hold for other quantities, such as the LSW. The past XBT observing system, in which deep-ocean temperature and salinity were not available, has a lesser ability to recover the truth AMOC (the skill is reduced to 52%). While these results raise concerns about the ability to properly characterize past variations of the AMOC, they also hold promise for future monitoring of the AMOC and for initializing prediction models. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Zhang, S AU - Rosati, A AU - Delworth, T AD - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 5311 EP - 5324 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 23 IS - 19 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Meridional overturning circulation KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Coupled models KW - Climate sensitivity KW - Climate prediction KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - Marine KW - Meteorological data KW - XBTs KW - Oscillations KW - Climate change KW - Ocean circulation KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models KW - Data assimilation KW - ANE, Atlantic, Labrador Sea Water KW - Numerical simulations KW - Air-sea coupling KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Paleoceanography KW - AN, North Atlantic, North Atlantic Oscillation KW - Oceanographic data KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807284084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+Adequacy+of+Observing+Systems+in+Monitoring+the+Atlantic+Meridional+Overturning+Circulation+and+North+Atlantic+Climate&rft.au=Zhang%2C+S%3BRosati%2C+A%3BDelworth%2C+T&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=5311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3677.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - XBTs; Oscillations; Air-sea coupling; Climate change; Atmospheric forcing; Ocean-atmosphere system; Ocean circulation; North Atlantic Oscillation; Meridional overturning circulation; Meteorological data; Numerical simulations; Paleoceanography; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models; Data assimilation; Oceanographic data; ANE, Atlantic, Labrador Sea Water; AN, North Atlantic; AN, North Atlantic, North Atlantic Oscillation; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3677.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Real-Time Algorithm for the Correction of Brightband Effects in Radar-Derived QPE AN - 807282995; 13848128 AB - The bright band (BB) is a layer of enhanced reflectivity due to melting of aggregated snow and ice crystals. The locally high reflectivity causes significant overestimation in radar precipitation estimates if an appropriate correction is not applied. The main objective of the current study is to develop a method that automatically corrects for large errors due to BB effects in a real-time national radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product. An approach that combines the mean apparent vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) computed from a volume scan of radar reflectivity observations and an idealized linear VPR model was used for computational efficiency. The methodology was tested for eight events from different regions and seasons in the United States. The VPR correction was found to be effective and robust in reducing overestimation errors in radar-derived QPE, and the corrected radar precipitation fields showed physically continuous distributions. The correction worked consistently well for radars in flat land regions because of the relatively uniform spatial distributions of the BB in those areas. For radars in mountainous regions, the performance of the correction is mixed because of limited radar visibility in addition to large spatial variations of the vertical precipitation structure due to underlying topography. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Zhang, Jian AU - Qi, Youcun AD - NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma, jian.zhang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 1157 EP - 1171 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Reflectance KW - Spatial distribution KW - Melting KW - Spatial variations KW - Precipitation estimation KW - Radar reflectivity KW - Seasonal variability KW - Topography KW - Ice KW - Mathematical models KW - Snow KW - Snow and ice KW - Precipitation KW - Errors KW - Vertical profiles KW - Hydrometeorology KW - USA KW - Hydrometeorological research KW - Radar KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09162:Methods and instruments KW - M2 551.579.1:Water supply from precipitation (551.579.1) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807282995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=A+Real-Time+Algorithm+for+the+Correction+of+Brightband+Effects+in+Radar-Derived+QPE&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jian%3BQi%2C+Youcun&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jian&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JHM1201.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Mathematical models; Reflectance; Snow; Radar; Vertical profiles; Hydrometeorological research; Precipitation estimation; Radar reflectivity; Spatial distribution; Snow and ice; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Topography; Hydrometeorology; Melting; Ice; Errors; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1201.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Heat Transfer Model for Firefighters' Protective Clothing, Continued Developments in Protective Clothing Modeling AN - 787299040; 13705348 AB - In the year 2000, a paper entitled "A Heat Transfer Model for Firefighters' Protective Clothing" was published in Volume 36, No. 1, of Fire Technology, and it received the 2001 Harry C. Bigglestone Award for Excellence in Written Communication of Fire Protection Concepts from The Fire Protection Research Foundation. Since the publication of this paper, there has been additional development of the heat transfer model. The radiant heat transfer element has been refined, and the model can now address predictions of heat transfer through wet protective clothing materials. Additionally, there has been an extension of the thermal properties database for fabric materials used to manufacture firefighters' protective clothing. These improvements have significantly expanded the capabilities of the model and provide users with a more robust tool for economically predicting thermal protective clothing performance. JF - Fire Technology AU - Lawson, James R AU - Mell, William E AU - Prasad, Kuldeep AD - Fire Fighting Technology Group, Fire Research Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8661, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8661, USA, james.lawson@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 833 EP - 841 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fabrics KW - Fires KW - Protective clothing KW - Communications KW - firefighter services KW - awards KW - heat transfer KW - Technology KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/787299040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=A+Heat+Transfer+Model+for+Firefighters%27+Protective+Clothing%2C+Continued+Developments+in+Protective+Clothing+Modeling&rft.au=Lawson%2C+James+R%3BMell%2C+William+E%3BPrasad%2C+Kuldeep&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-010-0139-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Fires; Protective clothing; Communications; firefighter services; awards; heat transfer; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-010-0139-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sizing the government AN - 772297046; 201058530 AB - Is there such a thing as an optimal government size? We investigate the so-called Armey curve, which claims an inverted U-shaped relationship between government size and economic performance, using non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The DEA scores are linked to control variables, such as initial per capita income, openness, population density, urbanization, country size and family size. For 23 OECD-countries we estimate the country specific efficiency scores, which reveal the extent to which a country uses excess public resources to achieve the observed growth rate of GDP. Adapted from the source document. JF - Public Choice AU - De Witte, Kristof AU - Moesen, Wim AD - Center for Economic Studies, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium kristof.dewitte@econ.kuleuven.be Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 39 EP - 55 PB - Springer, Dordrecht The Netherlands VL - 145 IS - 1-2 SN - 0048-5829, 0048-5829 KW - Data envelopment analysis Government size Public sector performance Armey-curve KW - Gross Domestic Product KW - Efficiency KW - Urbanization KW - Government Size KW - Population Density KW - Family Size KW - Performance KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/772297046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Choice&rft.atitle=Sizing+the+government&rft.au=De+Witte%2C+Kristof%3BMoesen%2C+Wim&rft.aulast=De+Witte&rft.aufirst=Kristof&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Choice&rft.issn=00485829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11127-009-9527-7 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-11 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - PUCHBX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government Size; Efficiency; Urbanization; Population Density; Performance; Family Size; Gross Domestic Product DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9527-7 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MEDIUM DIVERSION AT WHITE DITCH, LOUISIANA COASTAL AREA (LCA), PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA. AN - 772276277; 14669 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a medium-sized freshwater hydraulic diversion project from the Mississippi River into the area between the Mississippi River and the River aux Chenes at White Ditch, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana is proposed. The project is one of six elements of a Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) feasibility study to identify cost-effective, near-term restoration features addressing the most critical needs of coastal Louisiana. The LCA Medium Diversion at White Ditch study area is located near Phoenix, Louisiana which is 23 miles south-southeast of New Orleans along the Mississippi River and includes the Breton Sound area. There are over 98,000 acres of intermediate to brackish intertidal wetland habitats in the study area. Subsidence, erosion, channelization, saltwater intrusion, storm damage and the absence of fresh water, sediments and nutrients from the Mississippi River have all caused significant adverse impacts to the White Ditch project area resulting in extensive wetland loss and ecosystem degradation. There is an existing siphon at the mouth of White Ditch that was built in 1963 and has not been in operation since 1991, except for two brief episodes. Hydrologic flow in the area was originally down the River aux Chenes (Oak River), small bayous, and as sheet flow across the marsh towards the Gulf of Mexico. A No Action Alternative and four action alternatives are analyzed in this final EIS and Integrated Feasibility Study. Under Alternative 4, which is the recommended plan, a 35,000-cubic-foot per second (cfs) diversion would consist of ten 15-foot by 15-foot box culverts with hydraulic-operated sluice gates that would be placed in the Mississippi River levee. An outflow channel about 7,200 feet long, 545 feet wide and 16 feet deep would be dredged to carry the flow. In addition about 8,600 feet of Bayou Garelle would be deepened to allow passage of the diverted waters. All material removed from these channels would be used beneficially. Some would be placed immediately adjacent to the outfall canal and Bayou Garelle to guide the water and to create 31 acres of ridge habitat. The rest would be placed in open water and marsh adjacent to the channels to nourish or create 385 acres of marsh. The marsh nourishment/creation areas would be surrounded by containment berms built with material from within the areas. Rip-rap would be placed along the outfall channel in key places for stabilization. Rip-rap plugs would be placed in six major canals leading to River aux Chenes to prevent diverted sediment from leaving the project area. The material that is removed would be placed adjacent to the channel to nourish or create marsh. The total estimated cost of the recommended plan is $387.6 million. Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 would involve construction of structures capable of diverting 5,000 cfs, 10,000 cfs, and 15,000 cfs, respectively. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a source of river sediment, freshwater, and nutrients to the River aux Chenes subbasin and other nearby portions of the upper Breton Sound Basin, and would help to restore and protect marsh soils and vegetation and maintain a functional salinity regime. The diversion of fresh water, sediments and nutrients would nourish 41,206 acres of wetlands and have a net value of 13,355 average annual habitat units. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the recommended plan, construction of the diversion would impact 277 acres of intermediate marsh, 363 acres of shallow open water, and five acres of bottomland hardwoods. Channel excavation would impact 233 acres of intermediate marsh and shallow open water. The conveyance channel and the marsh creation/restoration features would affect 11 of the 13 landowners within the right-of-way needs for the project. Construction of the project would also require the temporary relocation of State Highway 39 and a powerline adjacent to the highway. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0215D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100398, Final EIS--408 pages, Appendices--600 pages, October 1, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Dikes KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Hydrology KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Rivers KW - Salinity KW - Sediment KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi River KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/772276277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.title=MEDIUM+DIVERSION+AT+WHITE+DITCH%2C+LOUISIANA+COASTAL+AREA+%28LCA%29%2C+PLAQUEMINES+PARISH%2C+LOUISIANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: October 1, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes of time mean state and variability of hydrology in response to a doubling and quadrupling of CO sub(2) AN - 762282446; 13810238 AB - This paper examines the subject of hydrologic variability and its changes in two separate integrations of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA assuming a 1% per year increase to a doubling and quadrupling of CO sub(2), respectively. Changes in time mean state and variability of precipitation, runoff and soil moisture are evaluated using monthly and seasonal mean data derived from these integrations. Various statistical tests are then performed on the resulting time mean and variability changes. The patterns of hydrologic change for these three quantities are similar to those obtained from previous studies. In northern middle to higher latitudes for the time means, the changes include increases in monthly mean precipitation, increases in monthly mean runoff during the fall, winter and spring seasons and decreases of monthly mean soil moisture during summer. Many of these changes are found to be statistically significant at the 5% significance level for both the time mean and variability especially for the results where CO sub(2) is quadrupled such as monthly mean precipitation. Significant changes also include increases of runoff variability during spring, winter and spring and increases of soil moisture variability during the summer season. These results support statements made in previous IPCC reports that increasing greenhouse gases can lead to more severe and frequent floods and droughts depending upon season and latitude. This study also indicates that the approaches to equilibrium of these two integrations, and the resulting hydrologic changes, take place over time scales of hundreds of years in agreement with several previous investigations. JF - Climatic Change AU - Wetherald, Richard T AD - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), NOAA, Princeton, NJ, 08542, USA, Dick.Wetherald@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 651 EP - 670 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 102 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Rainfall KW - Climate change KW - Monthly mean precipitation KW - Statistical analysis KW - Soil Water KW - fluid dynamics KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Floods KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variability KW - Seasonal variations KW - Droughts KW - Marine KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Rainfall runoff KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Precipitation KW - winter KW - General circulation models KW - Fluid dynamics KW - summer KW - Moisture Content KW - latitude KW - Soil moisture KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Runoff KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762282446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Changes+of+time+mean+state+and+variability+of+hydrology+in+response+to+a+doubling+and+quadrupling+of+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Wetherald%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Wetherald&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10584-009-9701-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climate change; Ocean-atmosphere system; Fluid dynamics; Hydrology; Atmospheric circulation; Greenhouse effect; Carbon dioxide; Droughts; Runoff; Rainfall runoff; General circulation models; Statistical analysis; Monthly mean precipitation; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Greenhouse gases; Soil moisture; winter; Rainfall; summer; latitude; fluid dynamics; Seasonal variations; Variability; Hydrologic Models; Floods; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Moisture Content; Soil Water; Carbon Dioxide; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9701-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energy dynamics and growth of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Central Valley of California during the estuarine phase and first ocean year AN - 759322198; 13783469 AB - The greatest rates of energy accumulation and growth in subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) occurred during the first month following ocean entry, supporting the importance of this critical period. Data from an 11-year study in the coastal ocean off California and the San Francisco Estuary revealed that juvenile salmon gained 3.2 kJ.day super(-1) and 0.8 g.day super(-1), representing 4.3%.day super(-1) and 5.2% day super(-1), respectively, relative to estuary exit values. Little gain in energy (0.28 kJ.day super(-1)) or size (0.07 g.day super(-1)) occurred in the estuary, indicating that the nursery function typically ascribed to estuaries can be deferred to initial ocean residence. Calculated northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) equivalents to meet energy gains were one anchovy per day in the estuary (8% body weight.day super(-1)) and about three per day immediately following ocean entry (15% body weight.day super(-1)). Energy content in the estuary was positively related to higher salinity and lower freshwater outflow, whereas in the ocean, cooler temperatures, lower sea level, and greater upwelling resulted in greater gains. These results suggest that greater freshwater flows, warmer sea temperatures, and reduced or delayed upwelling, all of which are indicated by some (but not all) climate models, will likely decrease growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, leading to reduced survival.Original Abstract: Les taux les plus importants d'accumulation d'energie et de croissance chez les saumons chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) de moins d'un an ont lieu durant le premier mois qui suit leur entree dans l'ocean, ce qui souligne l'importance de cette periode critique. Des donnees tirees d'une etude de 11 annees dans l'ocean cotier au large de la Californie et de l'estuaire de San Francisco indiquent que les jeunes saumons ont accumule 3,2 kJ.jour super(-1) et 0,8 g.jour super(-1), ce qui represente respectivement 4,3 %.jour super(-1) et 5,2 %.jour super(-1), par rapport aux valeurs a la sortie de l'estuaire. Il se produit peu de gains en energie (0,28 kJ.jour super(-1)) ou en taille (0,07 g.jour super(-1)) dans l'estuaire, ce qui veut dire que la fonction de nourricerie typiquement assignee aux estuaires doit etre attribuee plutot a la residence initiale dans l'ocean. Les equivalents calcules en anchois du Pacifique (Engraulis mordax) necessaires pour expliquer les gains d'energie sont d'un anchois par jour dans l'estuaire (8 % de la masse corporelle.jour super(-1)) et environ trois par jour immediatement apres la penetration dans l'ocean (15 % de la masse corporelle.jour super(-1)). Le contenu energetique de l'estuaire est en relation positive avec une salinite elevee et un apport reduit d'eau douce, alors que dans l'ocean, les temperatures plus fraiches, le niveau plus bas de la mer et les resurgences plus importantes entrainent des gains plus marques. Nos resultats indiquent que des apports plus considerables d'eau douce, des temperatures de la mer plus elevees et des resurgences reduites ou retardees, tous des phenomenes signales dans certains modeles climatiques (mais pas tous), vont vraisemblablement reduire la croissance des saumons chinook et mener a une diminution de la survie. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - MacFarlane, RBruce AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA ()., Bruce.MacFarlane@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 1549 EP - 1565 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 10 KW - Chinook salmon KW - Northern anchovy KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Engraulis mordax KW - Sea level KW - Upwelling KW - Anadromous species KW - outflow KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Salinity KW - Salmon KW - Freshwater environments KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Growth Rates KW - salmon KW - survival KW - Nursery grounds KW - Survival KW - Models KW - Growth KW - Salinity effects KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Brackishwater environment KW - INE, USA, California, San Francisco Estuary KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Temperature KW - Oceans KW - Energy KW - Critical period KW - USA, California, Central Valley KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q1 08342:Geographical distribution KW - Q4 27750:Environmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759322198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Energy+dynamics+and+growth+of+Chinook+salmon+%28Oncorhynchus+tshawytscha%29+from+the+Central+Valley+of+California+during+the+estuarine+phase+and+first+ocean+year&rft.au=MacFarlane%2C+RBruce&rft.aulast=MacFarlane&rft.aufirst=RBruce&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-080 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 78 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Sea level; Upwelling; Anadromous species; Climate; Nursery grounds; Estuaries; Ocean-atmosphere system; Brackishwater environment; Temperature effects; Data processing; Freshwater environments; Salinity effects; Energy; Oceans; Survival; Critical period; Models; Growth; Salinity; Temperature; outflow; salmon; survival; Salmon; Climates; Growth Rates; Engraulis mordax; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA, California, Central Valley; INE, USA, California, San Francisco Estuary; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-080 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A preferred approach for the cognitive testing of translated materials: testing the source version as a basis for comparison AN - 758121877; 201056245 AB - In recent years, a growing amount of research has demonstrated that parallel development of different language versions of a survey instrument is a preferred method to enhance the collection of equivalent data across language groups. This method involves the simultaneous development and pretesting of different language versions of a questionnaire in order to allow for two-way feedback and to maximize the likelihood that each version is culturally and linguistically appropriate for its target population. Unfortunately, it is common practice among many large survey organizations to pretest and finalize source language versions of survey questions and other materials prior to having them translated. Pretesting of translations does not always take place and when it does, the source language documents have often been finalized and the results of the translation pretesting cannot have any impact on further revisions to the source documents. This paper describes a methodological approach for the cognitive testing of a translation that can be used when pure parallel development of different language versions of a survey instrument is not feasible. In short, we examine the advantages of cognitively testing both source language materials and translations concurrently, even when source materials have already been finalized. Methodological, cost, and logistical implications are discussed. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Social Research Methodology AU - Goerman, Patricia L AU - Caspar, Rachel A AD - Statistical Research Division, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 303 EP - 316 PB - Taylor & Francis, Abingdon UK VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1364-5579, 1364-5579 KW - pretesting of survey translations cognitive interviews in non-English languages bilingual questionnaires KW - Measurement KW - Cognitive Development KW - Tests KW - Surveys KW - Language KW - article KW - 0104: methodology and research technology; research methods/tools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/758121877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Social+Research+Methodology&rft.atitle=A+preferred+approach+for+the+cognitive+testing+of+translated+materials%3A+testing+the+source+version+as+a+basis+for+comparison&rft.au=Goerman%2C+Patricia+L%3BCaspar%2C+Rachel+A&rft.aulast=Goerman&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Social+Research+Methodology&rft.issn=13645579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F13645570903251516 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Language; Surveys; Tests; Measurement; Cognitive Development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645570903251516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciguatera fish poisoning and sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. AN - 748972800; 20206196 AB - Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a circumtropical disease caused by ingestion of a variety of reef fish that bioaccumulate algal toxins. Distribution and abundance of the organisms that produce these toxins, chiefly dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus, are reported to correlate positively with water temperature. Consequently, there is growing concern that increasing temperatures associated with climate change could increase the incidence of CFP. This concern prompted experiments on the growth rates of six Gambierdiscus species at temperatures between 18 degrees C and 33 degrees C and the examination of sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean and West Indies for areas that could sustain rapid Gambierdiscus growth rates year-round. The thermal optimum for five of six Gambierdiscus species tested was >/=29 degrees C. Long-term SST data from the southern Gulf of Mexico indicate the number of days with sea surface temperatures >/=29 degrees C has nearly doubled (44 to 86) in the last three decades. To determine how the sea surface temperatures and Gambierdiscus growth data correlate with CFP incidences in the Caribbean, a literature review and a uniform, region-wide survey (1996-2006) of CFP cases were conducted. The highest CFP incidence rates were in the eastern Caribbean where water temperatures are warmest and least variable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Tester, Patricia A AU - Feldman, Rebecca L AU - Nau, Amy W AU - Kibler, Steven R AU - Wayne Litaker, R AD - National Ocean Service, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. pat.tester@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 698 EP - 710 VL - 56 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Climate Change KW - Seawater KW - Humans KW - West Indies KW - Incidence KW - Caribbean Region KW - Ciguatera Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Temperature UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/748972800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Ciguatera+fish+poisoning+and+sea+surface+temperatures+in+the+Caribbean+Sea+and+the+West+Indies.&rft.au=Tester%2C+Patricia+A%3BFeldman%2C+Rebecca+L%3BNau%2C+Amy+W%3BKibler%2C+Steven+R%3BWayne+Litaker%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tester&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=698&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=1879-3150&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2010.02.026 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2010-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.02.026 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global distribution of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. AN - 748972777; 20561539 AB - Dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus produce toxins that bioaccumulate in tropical and sub-tropical fishes causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). Little is known about the diversity and distribution of Gambierdiscus species, the degree to which individual species vary in toxicity, and the role each plays in causing CFP. This paper presents the first global distribution of Gambierdiscus species. Phylogenetic analyses of the existing isolates indicate that five species are endemic to the Atlantic (including the Caribbean/West Indies and Gulf of Mexico), five are endemic to the tropical Pacific, and that two species, Gambierdiscus carpenteri and Gambierdiscus caribaeus are globally distributed. The differences in Gambierdiscus species composition in the Atlantic and Pacific correlated with structural differences in the ciguatoxins reported from Atlantic and Pacific fish. This correlation supports the hypothesis that Gambierdiscus species in each region produce different toxin suites. A literature survey indicated a >100-fold variation in toxicity among species compared with a 2 to 9-fold within species variation due to changing growth conditions. These observations suggest that CFP events are driven more by inherent differences in species toxicity than by environmental modulation. How variations in species toxicity may affect the development of an early warning system for CFP is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Litaker, R Wayne AU - Vandersea, Mark W AU - Faust, Maria A AU - Kibler, Steven R AU - Nau, Amy W AU - Holland, William C AU - Chinain, Mireille AU - Holmes, Michael J AU - Tester, Patricia A AD - NOS/NOAA, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. wayne.litaker@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 711 EP - 730 VL - 56 IS - 5 KW - Ciguatoxins KW - 11050-21-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Species Specificity KW - Ciguatoxins -- toxicity KW - Dinoflagellida -- pathogenicity KW - Ciguatera Poisoning -- chemically induced KW - Dinoflagellida -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/748972777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Global+distribution+of+ciguatera+causing+dinoflagellates+in+the+genus+Gambierdiscus.&rft.au=Litaker%2C+R+Wayne%3BVandersea%2C+Mark+W%3BFaust%2C+Maria+A%3BKibler%2C+Steven+R%3BNau%2C+Amy+W%3BHolland%2C+William+C%3BChinain%2C+Mireille%3BHolmes%2C+Michael+J%3BTester%2C+Patricia+A&rft.aulast=Litaker&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=1879-3150&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2010.05.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2010-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.05.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the possibility of extending the IGRF predictive secular variation model to a higher SH degree AN - 1832657371; 782223-9 AB - The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is an internationally agreed global spherical harmonic model of the Earth's magnetic field of internal origin. It is currently computed every five years in the form of a model describing this field up to degree 13 at a reference epoch, plus a secular variation model up to degree 8, best estimating the linear evolution of this field over the following five years. Such a simple description of the field evolution is thought to provide a good enough prediction of the field, both for navigational and internationally agreed reference purposes (the very purpose of IGRF models). In particular, it assumes that any change in the field described by spherical harmonic degrees between 9 and 13 may be neglected over five years, given the uncertainties already involved in the determination of all other coefficients, and the practical accuracy needed for most IGRF applications. Recent progress in global field modelling based on increasingly accurate and numerous satellite data however show that all field coefficients can now be computed with much higher accuracy than possible in the past, and that higher degree secular variation coefficients could therefore also be considered for inclusion in IGRF models. The present short note intends to investigate the potential benefit of extending the IGRF predictive secular variation model to degrees higher than 8, given our current knowledge of the way the field behaves over time periods of five years. Copyright 2010 The Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, The Seismological Society of Japan JF - Earth, Planets and Space AU - Silva, Luis AU - Maus, Stefan AU - Hulot, Gauthier AU - Thebault, Erwan Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 815 EP - 820 PB - Terra Scientific Publishing Company (TERRAPUB), Tokyo VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 1343-8832, 1343-8832 KW - spherical harmonic analysis KW - models KW - Earth KW - International Geomagnetic Reference Field KW - secular variations KW - prediction KW - accuracy KW - magnetic field KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832657371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth%2C+Planets+and+Space&rft.atitle=On+the+possibility+of+extending+the+IGRF+predictive+secular+variation+model+to+a+higher+SH+degree&rft.au=Silva%2C+Luis%3BMaus%2C+Stefan%3BHulot%2C+Gauthier%3BThebault%2C+Erwan&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth%2C+Planets+and+Space&rft.issn=13438832&rft_id=info:doi/10.5047%2Feps.2010.07.005 L2 - http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; Earth; International Geomagnetic Reference Field; magnetic field; models; prediction; secular variations; spherical harmonic analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5047/eps.2010.07.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IGRF candidate models at times of rapid changes in core field acceleration AN - 1832647997; 782223-4 AB - We submit three candidate models following the call for IGRF-11. We apply a simple modeling approach in spherical harmonics based on a quadratic Taylor expansion for the internal field time variations. We use the D (sub st) magnetic index as a proxy for the external field variations. In order to compensate for the limitations incurred by such a conventional approach, we focus on the optimal selection of satellite data in space and time. We also show that some a priori knowledge about the core field state helps us to avoid the pitfall encountered in the case of rapid changes of core field accelerations. Indeed, various acceleration events of relevance for the IGRF 11th occurred between 2003 and 2010, one of them being a geomagnetic jerk. They could entail disagreements between IGRF candidate models for the secular variation (SV) if data prior to 2008 are used. Our SV and main field (MF) candidate models have a root mean square uncertainty less than 6 nT/yr and 8 nT, respectively, with respect to the modeled magnetic field contributions. These values correspond to the intrinsic error associated with truncating SV and MF models to spherical harmonic degree 8 and 13, respectively, as requested for IGRF models. Copyright 2010 The Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, The Seismological Society of Japan JF - Earth, Planets and Space AU - Thebault, Erwan AU - Chulliat, Arnaud AU - Maus, Stefan AU - Hulot, Gauthier AU - Langlais, Benoit AU - Chambodut, Aude AU - Menvielle, Michel Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 753 EP - 763 PB - Terra Scientific Publishing Company (TERRAPUB), Tokyo VL - 62 IS - 10 SN - 1343-8832, 1343-8832 KW - extrapolation KW - Earth KW - satellite methods KW - magnetic field KW - spherical harmonic analysis KW - models KW - errors KW - International Geomagnetic Reference Field KW - secular variatios KW - CHAMP KW - core KW - remote sensing KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832647997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth%2C+Planets+and+Space&rft.atitle=IGRF+candidate+models+at+times+of+rapid+changes+in+core+field+acceleration&rft.au=Thebault%2C+Erwan%3BChulliat%2C+Arnaud%3BMaus%2C+Stefan%3BHulot%2C+Gauthier%3BLanglais%2C+Benoit%3BChambodut%2C+Aude%3BMenvielle%2C+Michel&rft.aulast=Thebault&rft.aufirst=Erwan&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth%2C+Planets+and+Space&rft.issn=13438832&rft_id=info:doi/10.5047%2Feps.2010.05.004 L2 - http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CHAMP; core; Earth; errors; extrapolation; International Geomagnetic Reference Field; magnetic field; models; remote sensing; satellite methods; secular variatios; spherical harmonic analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5047/eps.2010.05.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extensive aerosol optical properties and aerosol mass related measurements during TRAMP/TexAQS 2006 - Implications for PM compliance and planning AN - 1777142602; 13681206 AB - Extensive aerosol optical properties, particle size distributions, and Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer measurements collected during TRAMP/TexAQS 2006 were examined in light of collocated meteorological and chemical measurements. Much of the evident variability in the observed aerosol-related air quality is due to changing synoptic meteorological situations that direct emissions from various sources to the TRAMP site near the center of the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) metropolitan area. In this study, five distinct long-term periods have been identified. During each of these periods, observed aerosol properties have implications that are of interest to environmental quality management agencies. During three of the periods, long range transport (LRT), both intra-continental and intercontinental, appears to have played an important role in producing the observed aerosol. During late August 2006, southerly winds brought super-micron Saharan dust and sea salt to the HGB area, adding mass to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) measurements, but apparently not affecting secondary particle growth or gas-phase air pollution. A second type of LRT was associated with northerly winds in early September 2006 and with increased ozone and sub-micron particulate matter in the HGB area. Later in the study, LRT of emissions from wildfires appeared to increase the abundance of absorbing aerosols (and carbon monoxide and other chemical tracers) in the HGB area. However, the greatest impacts on Houston PM2.5 air quality are caused by periods with low-wind-speed sea breeze circulation or winds that directly transport pollutants from major industrial areas, i.e., the Houston Ship Channel, into the city center. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Wright, Monica E AU - Atkinson, Dean B AU - Ziemba, Luke AU - Griffin, Robert AU - Hiranuma, Naruki AU - Brooks, Sarah AU - Lefer, Barry AU - Flynn, James AU - Perna, Ryan AU - Rappenglueck, Bernhard AU - Luke, Winston AU - Kelley, Paul AD - NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 4035 EP - 4044 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 44 IS - 33 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Channels KW - Air pollution KW - Aerosols KW - Transport KW - Optical properties KW - Atmospherics KW - Air quality KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777142602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Extensive+aerosol+optical+properties+and+aerosol+mass+related+measurements+during+TRAMP%2FTexAQS+2006+-+Implications+for+PM+compliance+and+planning&rft.au=Wright%2C+Monica+E%3BAtkinson%2C+Dean+B%3BZiemba%2C+Luke%3BGriffin%2C+Robert%3BHiranuma%2C+Naruki%3BBrooks%2C+Sarah%3BLefer%2C+Barry%3BFlynn%2C+James%3BPerna%2C+Ryan%3BRappenglueck%2C+Bernhard%3BLuke%2C+Winston%3BKelley%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=33&rft.spage=4035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2008.12.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complex contaminant exposure in cetaceans: A comparative E-Screen analysis of bottlenose dolphin blubber and mixtures of four persistent organic pollutants AN - 1777096408; 14430011 AB - Cetaceans are federally protected species that are prone to accumulate complex mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which individually may exert estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. In the present study it was assessed whether contaminant mixtures harbored by cetaceans are estrogenic or antiestrogenic using a comparative approach. Interactions of antiestrogenic and estrogenic compounds were first investigated with the E-Screen assay using a mixture of four POPs (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [4,4'-DDE], trans-nonachlor, and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] 138 180) prevalent in cetacean blubber. Estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity was determined for the individual compounds and their binary, tertiary, and quaternary combinations. Significantly different responses were observed for the various POP mixtures, including enhanced estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects and antagonistic interactions. These results were then compared to the concentrations and estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of contaminant mixtures isolated directly from the blubber of 15 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) collected from five U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico locations. The lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) determined for 4,4'-DDE (20 [mu]mol/L), PCB 138 (20 [mu]mol/L), PCB 180 (21 [mu]mol/L), and trans-nonachlor (3 [mu]mol/L) in the E-Screen were greater than estimated dolphin blood concentrations. Although estimated blood concentrations were below the LOECs, significant estrogenic activity was detected in diluted dolphin blubber from Cape May, NJ and Bermuda. Positive correlations between blubber estrogenicity and select POP concentrations ( capital sigma DDTs, capital sigma PBDEs, capital sigma HCB, capital sigma estrogenic PCBs, capital sigma estrogenic POPs) were also observed. Collectively, these results suggest that select bottlenose dolphin populations may be exposed to contaminants that act in concert to exert estrogenic effects at biologically relevant concentrations. These observations do not necessarily provide direct evidence of endocrine disruption; however, they may indicate an environmental source of xenoestrogenic exposure warranting future research. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Yordy, Jennifer E AU - Mollenhauer, Meagan AM AU - Wilson, Rachel M AU - Wells, Randall S AU - Hohn, Aleta AU - Sweeney, Jay AU - Schwacke, Lori H AU - Rowles, Teri K AU - Kucklick, John R AU - Peden-Adams, Margie M AD - Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA jennifer.yordy@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 01 SP - 2143 EP - 2153 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 29 IS - 10 SN - 1552-8618, 1552-8618 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Persistent organic pollutants KW - Contaminant mixtures KW - Estrogenicity KW - Antiestrogenicity KW - Bottlenose dolphin KW - Blood KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pollutants KW - Biological effects KW - Dolphins KW - Correlation KW - Contaminants KW - Concerts KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777096408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Complex+contaminant+exposure+in+cetaceans%3A+A+comparative+E-Screen+analysis+of+bottlenose+dolphin+blubber+and+mixtures+of+four+persistent+organic+pollutants&rft.au=Yordy%2C+Jennifer+E%3BMollenhauer%2C+Meagan+AM%3BWilson%2C+Rachel+M%3BWells%2C+Randall+S%3BHohn%2C+Aleta%3BSweeney%2C+Jay%3BSchwacke%2C+Lori+H%3BRowles%2C+Teri+K%3BKucklick%2C+John+R%3BPeden-Adams%2C+Margie+M&rft.aulast=Yordy&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=15528618&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fetc.279 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.279 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury species measured atop the Moody Tower TRAMP site, Houston, Texas AN - 1671587375; 13681205 AB - Atmospheric mercury speciation was monitored within Houston, Texas, USA, August 6-October 14, 2006 as part of the TexAQS Radical and Aerosol Measurement Program (TRAMP). On average, all mercury levels were significantly elevated compared to a rural Gulf of Mexico coastal site. Concentrations varied from very clean to very dirty. Multi-day periods of stagnant or low-wind conditions brought elevated concentrations of all mercury species, whereas multi-day periods of strong winds, particularly southerly winds off the Gulf of Mexico, brought very low values of mercury species. Over the entire mercury measurement period, the daily averages of mercury species showed distinct and consistent relationships with the average planetary boundary layer dynamics, with gaseous elemental and particulate-bound mercury near-surface concentrations enhanced by a shallow nocturnal boundary layer, and reactive gaseous mercury concentration enhanced by midday convective boundary layer air entrainment transporting air aloft to the surface. Mercury concentrations were not significantly correlated with known products of combustion, likely indicating non-combustion mercury sources from the Houston area petrochemical complexes. On the morning of August 31, 2006 an observed emission event at a refinery complex on the Houston Ship Channel resulted in extremely high concentrations of aerosol mass and particulate-bound mercury at the TRAMP measurement site 20aakm downwind. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Brooks, Steven AU - Luke, Winston AU - Cohen, Mark AU - Kelly, Paul AU - Lefer, Barry AU - Rappenglueck, Bernhard AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, Liaison to Canaan Valley Institute, 456 S. Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA steve.brooks@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 4045 EP - 4055 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 44 IS - 33 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Channels KW - Aerosols KW - Boundary layer KW - Coastal KW - Mercury KW - Atmospherics KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Elevated KW - Combustion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671587375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Mercury+species+measured+atop+the+Moody+Tower+TRAMP+site%2C+Houston%2C+Texas&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Steven%3BLuke%2C+Winston%3BCohen%2C+Mark%3BKelly%2C+Paul%3BLefer%2C+Barry%3BRappenglueck%2C+Bernhard&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=33&rft.spage=4045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2009.02.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-08 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.009 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - A spatially explicit assessment of the adverse effects of fishing on benthic habitats in the Northeast U.S.: the Swept Area Seabed Impact model AN - 1038600698; 17117991 AB - To assist fishery managers in meeting the requirement of the U. S. Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act to minimize to the extent practicable the adverse effects of fishing on fish habitats, a team of regional scientists has created a spatially explicit model that estimates bottom-tending gear impacts on the seabed, as conditioned by the vulnerability of benthic habitats likely to be encountered during fishing. The model combines fishing effort data with substrate data and sub-surface water flow velocity estimates in a geo-referenced, GIS-compatible environment. Fishing effort is scaled according to gear- and habitat component-specific susceptibility values, and decays over time according to a habitat component-specific recovery parameter. The result is a relative estimate of the magnitude of potential and/or actualized fishing effects on benthic habitats. JF - Canadian technical report of fisheries and aquatic sciences/Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques AU - Bachman, M AU - Demarest, C AU - Eayrs, S AU - Grabowski, J AU - Harris, B AU - Malkoski, V AU - Packer, D AU - Stevenson, D AU - Valentine, P A2 - Cooper, LL (ed) A2 - Stephenson, RL (ed) A2 - Annala, JH (ed) Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 139 PB - DFO, St. Andrews, NB (Canada) KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - DFO Cat. No. Fs 97-6/2904E KW - Marine KW - Commercial fishing KW - ANW, USA KW - Fishery management KW - Marine environment KW - Fishing gear KW - Environmental impact KW - Fishing effort KW - Benthic environment KW - Habitat KW - Environmental conditions KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038600698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+technical+report+of+fisheries+and+aquatic+sciences%2FRapport+technique+canadien+des+sciences+halieutiques+et+aquatiques&rft.atitle=A+spatially+explicit+assessment+of+the+adverse+effects+of+fishing+on+benthic+habitats+in+the+Northeast+U.S.%3A+the+Swept+Area+Seabed+Impact+model&rft.au=Bachman%2C+M%3BDemarest%2C+C%3BEayrs%2C+S%3BGrabowski%2C+J%3BHarris%2C+B%3BMalkoski%2C+V%3BPacker%2C+D%3BStevenson%2C+D%3BValentine%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bachman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2904&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+technical+report+of+fisheries+and+aquatic+sciences%2FRapport+technique+canadien+des+sciences+halieutiques+et+aquatiques&rft.issn=07066457&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/343154.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter, Internet; Abstract only N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire effluent component yields from room-scale fire tests AN - 1017968761; 16698303 AB - Estimation of the time available for escape (ASET) in the event of a fire is a principal component in fire hazard or risk assessment. Valid data on the yields of toxic smoke components from bench-scale apparatus is essential to accurate ASET calculations. This paper presents a methodology for obtaining pre-flashover and post-flashover toxicant yields from room-scale fire tests. The data are to be used for comparison with bench-scale data for the same combustibles: a sofa, bookcases, and electric power cable. Each was burned in a room with a long adjacent corridor. The yields of CO2, CO, HCl, HCN, and soot were determined. Other toxicants (NO2, formaldehyde, and acrolein), whose concentrations were below the detection limits, were of limited importance relative to the detected toxicants. The uncertainty values were comparable to those estimated for calculations used to determine ASET and were sufficiently small to determine whether a bench-scale apparatus is producing results that are similar to the real-scale results here. The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was useful for obtaining toxicant concentration data; however, its operation and interpretation are not routine. The losses of CO, HCN, and HCl along the corridor were dependent on the combustible. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Gann, Richard G AU - Averill, Jason D AU - Johnsson, Erik L AU - Nyden, Marc R AU - Peacock, Richard D Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 285 EP - 314 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 1099-1018, 1099-1018 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Fires KW - Electric power KW - Fourier transforms KW - flashover KW - Toxicants KW - Fire hazards KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Effluents KW - Spectroscopy KW - H 7000:Fire Safety KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017968761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Fire+effluent+component+yields+from+room-scale+fire+tests&rft.au=Gann%2C+Richard+G%3BAverill%2C+Jason+D%3BJohnsson%2C+Erik+L%3BNyden%2C+Marc+R%3BPeacock%2C+Richard+D&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=10991018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.1024 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fam.1024/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Fires; Electric power; flashover; Fourier transforms; Toxicants; Fire hazards; Spectroscopy; Effluents; Carbon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.1024 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MARINE SEISMIC RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OR CONDUCTED BY THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (DRAFT PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). [Part 1 of 1] T2 - MARINE SEISMIC RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OR CONDUCTED BY THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (DRAFT PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 873133339; 14661-0_0001 AB - PURPOSE: A programmatic approach to the assessment of marine seismic research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) or conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is proposed. Currently, environmental assessments are prepared for individual or a small group of research cruises. The potential impact identified has been the sound from seismic surveys on marine resources and species listed under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and Endangered Species Act (ESA). For research cruises with the potential for adverse impacts to listed species, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and/or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have issued a biological opinion and related incidental take statements, which included terms and conditions to minimize impacts on threatened and endangered species. In parallel with this effort, when applicable, a separate application for an Incidental Harassment Authorization (IHA) under the MMPA was submitted for each cruise to another division within NOAA, which subsequently issued the IHA. Under the proposed action, marine seismic surveys funded by NSF could take place across the worlds oceans, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans, and in the Mediterranean Sea, and may be located in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) or territorial waters of the U.S. or foreign countries. Four to seven cruises would be conducted each year with cruises lasting about one to seven weeks. Generally, vessels would be more than three nautical miles (nm) off the coast, and primarily would utilize high-energy source systems such as strings or arrays of six to 36 airguns. Seismic operations conducted during any specific research cruise could range from 20 to more than 800 hours depending upon the objectives of the research and the requirements of the geophysical study. Seismic operations generally occur in deeper, open ocean waters but can range from less than 328 feet to more than 26,247 feet. The research vessels have the capability of towing different airgun configurations and a variety of other research can also be conducted on NSF-funded marine seismic research cruises, including, but not limited to, mapping, water sampling, and scientific dredging, drilling, and coring. USGS seismic research has been primarily coastal, utilizing high-resolution, low-energy source systems. About eight to 12 cruises are conducted each year in water depths varying from less than 66 feet to generally not more than 3,281 feet. Two action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are analyzed in this draft EIS. Alternative A would involve conducting marine seismic research using cruise-specific mitigation measures. Alternative B is the preferred alternative and would involve conducting marine seismic research using cruise-specific mitigation measures with generic mitigation measures for low-energy acoustic sources. Mitigation measures would include preliminary assessment of potential impacts during cruise planning, visual monitoring for marine mammals and turtles, passive acoustic monitoring for the presence of marine mammals, proposed safety radii or mitigation zones, and other operational procedures. Under Alternative B, for any seismic survey that proposes a low-energy source there would be a standard mitigation zone of 328 feet for all marine mammals and turtles. The impact analysis presented in this draft programmatic EIS is narrowed to 13 exemplary (representative) areas, with five areas subject to detailed analysis and eight subject to qualitative analysis. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Marine seismic research would continue the investigation of the geology and geophysics of the seafloor by collecting seismic reflection and refraction data that reveal the structure and stratigraphy of the crust and/or overlying sediment below the worlds oceans thus fostering a better understanding of Earths history, natural hazards, and climate history. A programmatic approach would minimize duplication of effort in environmental documentation and to address the potential for cumulative effects of marine seismic research acoustic sources upon marine resources. The collective analysis of representative project locations would provide a strong technical basis for a more global assessment of the potential cumulative impacts of NSF-funded and USGS marine seismic activities in the future. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of either action alternative could affect, but is not likely to adversely affect, federally listed sea turtle species. Short-term, localized behavioral disturbance of small numbers of individual marine mammals, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, sea otters, and West Indian Manatees is likely to occur. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100390, Draft EIS--512 pages, Appendices--289 pages, September 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Birds KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Fish KW - Geologic Surveys KW - Geology KW - International Programs KW - Marine Mammals KW - Noise Assessments KW - Oceans KW - Research KW - Seismic Surveys KW - Shellfish KW - Ships KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Arctic Ocean KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Indian Ocean KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Southern Ocean KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MARINE+SEISMIC+RESEARCH+FUNDED+BY+THE+NATIONAL+SCIENCE+FOUNDATION+OR+CONDUCTED+BY+THE+U.S.+GEOLOGICAL+SURVEY+%28DRAFT+PROGRAMMATIC+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%2FOVERSEAS+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=MARINE+SEISMIC+RESEARCH+FUNDED+BY+THE+NATIONAL+SCIENCE+FOUNDATION+OR+CONDUCTED+BY+THE+U.S.+GEOLOGICAL+SURVEY+%28DRAFT+PROGRAMMATIC+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%2FOVERSEAS+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean Sciences, Arlington, Virginia; NSF N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of size on the sources of energy consumed by overwintering walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) AN - 839660197; 13668725 AB - The critical size hypothesis proposes the risks of winter mortality are greatest for small individuals in fish populations. This results from size-dependent predation and starvation of wintering fishes. We extend this idea to walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and argue size-dependence leads to different wintering strategies among subadult life stages. We sampled fish quarterly, measured their size, growth and energy allocation. By comparing the contributions of endogenous energy sources (storage and structure) to metabolic demand in young-of-the-year (YOY) and juvenile pollock over winter we determined how length influenced their winter foraging requirement. From this we inferred the relative risks of starvation and predation for different sized fish. Young-of-the-year ( less than or equal to 170mm) experienced high starvation risk and relied on foraging to meet routine metabolic cost. Consequently, they consumed relatively little storage or structural energy over winter. In contrast, juveniles (>170mm and less than or equal to 270mm) responded to the risk of predation by consuming significant amounts of protein and structural lipids while minimizing foraging. Consistent with these observations we found YOY maximized growth in fall while juveniles maximized energy storage. In spring, YOY resumed growth earlier than juveniles. These data indicate the critical size and period hypothesis can be extended to walleye pollock. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Heintz, Ron A AU - Vollenweider, Johanna J AD - NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd. Juneau, AK 99801, USA Y1 - 2010/09/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 30 SP - 43 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 393 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Lipids KW - Predation KW - Energy sources KW - Marine fish KW - Growth KW - overwintering KW - Risk factors KW - Body size KW - Starvation KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Data processing KW - Theragra chalcogramma KW - Overwintering KW - Energy storage KW - Storage KW - Foraging behaviour KW - winter KW - Energy resources KW - Proteins KW - Fish KW - Mortality causes KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839660197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+size+on+the+sources+of+energy+consumed+by+overwintering+walleye+pollock+%28Theragra+chalcogramma%29&rft.au=Heintz%2C+Ron+A%3BVollenweider%2C+Johanna+J&rft.aulast=Heintz&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft.volume=393&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2010.06.030 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Starvation; Marine fish; Foraging behaviour; Growth; Overwintering; Energy resources; Body size; Mortality causes; Risk assessment; Mortality; Data processing; Risk factors; Lipids; Predation; Energy storage; Storage; winter; overwintering; Proteins; Fish; Energy sources; Theragra chalcogramma; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.06.030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on the molting, growth, and lipid composition of newly-settled red king crab AN - 839659957; 13668735 AB - Red king crab (RKC) (Paralithodes camtschaticus Tilesius, 1815) is one of the most important fishery resource species in Alaska. It is threatened by heavy fishing pressure and changing climate conditions, yet little is known about the species' first year of post-settlement life. This study was undertaken to explore how temperature mediates growth and energy allocation in newly metamorphosed juveniles. RKC were reared using four temperature treatments ranging from 1.5 to 12 degree C for a period of 60days, both individually and in low-density populations. Temperature had no significant effect on survival of RKC, and there was no consistent difference in survival between individually cultured crabs and those in populations. Growth was very slow at 1.5 degree C, and increased rapidly with temperature with both a contracted intermolt period and small increase in growth increment. Twenty percent of the crabs held at 1.5 degree C never molted, while more than 90% of the crabs in 12 degree C reached juvenile stage 4 or higher. Overall growth increased as an exponential function of temperature, with slightly higher growth rates observed in populations than for isolated individuals. Growth records for individuals revealed an inverse exponential relationship between water temperature and intermolt period. There was also a small increase in growth increment from juvenile stage 1 to stage 2 with increasing temperature that appeared to be linear. Lipid class analysis revealed a trend towards higher proportions of storage lipids in larger crabs cultured at 12 degree C than in crabs cultured at low temperatures. High proportions of essential fatty acids in all crab groups coupled with elevated levels of triacylglycerols in 12 degree C animals, indicate that rapid growth does not negatively affect condition in juvenile RKC. Data provided by this study will help to model temperature-dependent growth and survival in the field, and assist in designing the best possible temperatures and diets for hatchery production of seed stock intended for enhancement of depleted RKC stocks. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Stoner, Allan W AU - Ottmar, Michele L AU - Copeman, Louise A AD - Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2030 S. Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR 97365, USA, al.stoner@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 30 SP - 138 EP - 147 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 393 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Lipids KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Survival KW - Crabs KW - Bottom culture KW - Biochemical composition KW - Growth KW - Triglycerides KW - Fisheries KW - Pressure KW - Marine crustaceans KW - USA, Alaska KW - Diets KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Decapoda KW - Crustacea KW - Climates KW - Crustacean culture KW - Temperature KW - Growth Rates KW - Water temperature KW - Rare species KW - Paralithodes KW - Energy KW - low temperature KW - Fatty acids KW - fishing KW - survival KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q3 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment KW - Q1 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839659957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+the+molting%2C+growth%2C+and+lipid+composition+of+newly-settled+red+king+crab&rft.au=Stoner%2C+Allan+W%3BOttmar%2C+Michele+L%3BCopeman%2C+Louise+A&rft.aulast=Stoner&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft.volume=393&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2010.07.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Temperature effects; Biochemical composition; Lipids; Crustacean culture; Fatty acids; Rare species; Marine crustaceans; Bottom culture; Triglycerides; Energy; Fisheries; Survival; Water temperature; Pressure; Diets; Crustacea; low temperature; Temperature; fishing; survival; Growth; Climates; Fish Hatcheries; Growth Rates; Crabs; Decapoda; Paralithodes; USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.07.011 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MARINE SEISMIC RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OR CONDUCTED BY THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (DRAFT PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT). AN - 772276193; 14661 AB - PURPOSE: A programmatic approach to the assessment of marine seismic research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) or conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is proposed. Currently, environmental assessments are prepared for individual or a small group of research cruises. The potential impact identified has been the sound from seismic surveys on marine resources and species listed under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and Endangered Species Act (ESA). For research cruises with the potential for adverse impacts to listed species, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and/or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have issued a biological opinion and related incidental take statements, which included terms and conditions to minimize impacts on threatened and endangered species. In parallel with this effort, when applicable, a separate application for an Incidental Harassment Authorization (IHA) under the MMPA was submitted for each cruise to another division within NOAA, which subsequently issued the IHA. Under the proposed action, marine seismic surveys funded by NSF could take place across the worlds oceans, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans, and in the Mediterranean Sea, and may be located in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) or territorial waters of the U.S. or foreign countries. Four to seven cruises would be conducted each year with cruises lasting about one to seven weeks. Generally, vessels would be more than three nautical miles (nm) off the coast, and primarily would utilize high-energy source systems such as strings or arrays of six to 36 airguns. Seismic operations conducted during any specific research cruise could range from 20 to more than 800 hours depending upon the objectives of the research and the requirements of the geophysical study. Seismic operations generally occur in deeper, open ocean waters but can range from less than 328 feet to more than 26,247 feet. The research vessels have the capability of towing different airgun configurations and a variety of other research can also be conducted on NSF-funded marine seismic research cruises, including, but not limited to, mapping, water sampling, and scientific dredging, drilling, and coring. USGS seismic research has been primarily coastal, utilizing high-resolution, low-energy source systems. About eight to 12 cruises are conducted each year in water depths varying from less than 66 feet to generally not more than 3,281 feet. Two action alternatives and a No Action Alternative are analyzed in this draft EIS. Alternative A would involve conducting marine seismic research using cruise-specific mitigation measures. Alternative B is the preferred alternative and would involve conducting marine seismic research using cruise-specific mitigation measures with generic mitigation measures for low-energy acoustic sources. Mitigation measures would include preliminary assessment of potential impacts during cruise planning, visual monitoring for marine mammals and turtles, passive acoustic monitoring for the presence of marine mammals, proposed safety radii or mitigation zones, and other operational procedures. Under Alternative B, for any seismic survey that proposes a low-energy source there would be a standard mitigation zone of 328 feet for all marine mammals and turtles. The impact analysis presented in this draft programmatic EIS is narrowed to 13 exemplary (representative) areas, with five areas subject to detailed analysis and eight subject to qualitative analysis. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Marine seismic research would continue the investigation of the geology and geophysics of the seafloor by collecting seismic reflection and refraction data that reveal the structure and stratigraphy of the crust and/or overlying sediment below the worlds oceans thus fostering a better understanding of Earths history, natural hazards, and climate history. A programmatic approach would minimize duplication of effort in environmental documentation and to address the potential for cumulative effects of marine seismic research acoustic sources upon marine resources. The collective analysis of representative project locations would provide a strong technical basis for a more global assessment of the potential cumulative impacts of NSF-funded and USGS marine seismic activities in the future. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of either action alternative could affect, but is not likely to adversely affect, federally listed sea turtle species. Short-term, localized behavioral disturbance of small numbers of individual marine mammals, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, sea otters, and West Indian Manatees is likely to occur. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100390, Draft EIS--512 pages, Appendices--289 pages, September 30, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Birds KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Fish KW - Geologic Surveys KW - Geology KW - International Programs KW - Marine Mammals KW - Noise Assessments KW - Oceans KW - Research KW - Seismic Surveys KW - Shellfish KW - Ships KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Arctic Ocean KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Indian Ocean KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Southern Ocean KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/772276193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MARINE+SEISMIC+RESEARCH+FUNDED+BY+THE+NATIONAL+SCIENCE+FOUNDATION+OR+CONDUCTED+BY+THE+U.S.+GEOLOGICAL+SURVEY+%28DRAFT+PROGRAMMATIC+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%2FOVERSEAS+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.title=MARINE+SEISMIC+RESEARCH+FUNDED+BY+THE+NATIONAL+SCIENCE+FOUNDATION+OR+CONDUCTED+BY+THE+U.S.+GEOLOGICAL+SURVEY+%28DRAFT+PROGRAMMATIC+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%2FOVERSEAS+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean Sciences, Arlington, Virginia; NSF N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A passive microwave snowfall rate algorithm AN - 918072141; 16193354 AB - A snowfall rate (water equivalent) algorithm was developed using measurements from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A and AMSU-B) and European Organization for the Exploitation of METeorological SATellites' (EUMATSAT) Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS). The algorithm includes four components: snowfall identifier, Ice Water Path (IWP) retrieval, 'cloud top' height retrieval, and snowflake terminal velocity. The snowfall identifier is developed using the rule-based RIPPERk machine learning algorithm implemented in the WEKA toolkit. RIPPERk is a data mining technique that is highly effective at deriving classification rules for large noisy datasets with low error rates. The data used to train and test the model combines AMSU-B/MHS measurements with co-located in-situ weather observations. The AMSU-B/MHS data include brightness temperatures and local zenith angles. The ground observations at weather stations across the CONUS are used to identify snow or no-snow conditions. The data set contains equal numbers of snow and no-snow events. Given the snow particle's relatively slow terminal velocity, snow is present in the atmosphere for a significant time before it arrives on the ground. To account for this, the satellite data precede their associated ground observations in time. The snowfall identifiers for AMSU and MHS are developed separately because of the different frequencies used by these sensors. The AMSU-B data set contains about 23,000 instances while the MHS data set contains about 11,000 instances. Training and testing were performed using 10-fold cross-validation. The sets of rules derived by RIPPERk are shown to be robust at identifying various snowfall systems.IWP is derived using a two-stream Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). The RTM requires the brightness temperatures of four AMSU/MHS window channels (23.8, 31.4, 89, and 150 or 157 GHz) and one water vapor channel (183.31 +/- 7 or 190.31 GHz), local zenith angle, Total Precipitable Water (TPW), and surface temperature (Ts). Its retrievals include IWP, ice particle effective diameter (De), cloud temperature, and the emissivity at the above mentioned five frequencies. Initial values of the retrieved quantities are also part of the required input. The RTM couples with an iteration scheme and outputs retrievals when the differences between the simulated and the measured brightness temperatures fall under predefined thresholds. The initial values of IWP and de are found to be critical to the accuracy of these retrievals due to the nonlinearity of IWP and de versus brightness temperature. In order to achieve more accurate 'first guess' IWP and De, a set of classifiers are developed using the two-stream RTM for different atmospheric conditions and sensor view angles. The classifiers are regression equations of various combinations of AMSU-B/MHS brightness temperatures at 89, 150 / 157, and 183+/-7 / 190 GHz. They are used to derive more realistic initial IWP and de given the satellite measurements and ancillary data. It is noted that this research uses the TPW and Ts data from the NOAA Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) dataset.In this study, cloud top is defined as the 'top' of the cloud that is confined to 6 km or lower. The limit is set due to the fact that the AMSU/MHS channels used are less sensitive to cloud particles in winter atmospheres above this height. The 'cloud top' height is derived using an empirical method based on GDAS water vapor and temperature profiles. Some simplifications are made regarding the distributions and fall velocities of snow particles which allow the computation of snowfall rate from the derived IWP and 'cloud top' height. Validation of the snowfall rate algorithm is conducted using ground hourly observations from the Continental United States (CONUS) and shows reasonable agreement between the retrievals and the observations.This algorithm is applied to five satellites that carry AMSU/MHS sensors and can provide up to 10 near real-time snowfall rate retrievals per day for any given location on earth. Therefore it is potentially a useful product for users such as weather and river forecasters, as well as global blended precipitation products such as those produced by the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 27 Sep 2010. AU - Meng, Huan AU - Yan, B AU - Price, D AU - Ferraro, R R Y1 - 2010/09/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 27 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Sensors KW - Algorithms KW - Data assimilation KW - Surface radiation temperature KW - Satellite research KW - Microwaves KW - Weather forecasting KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Water vapor in the atmosphere KW - Snow KW - Temperature KW - Global precipitation KW - Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) KW - Channels KW - Clouds KW - USA KW - Marine molluscs KW - Brightness temperature KW - Cloud top heights KW - Radiative transfer KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 551.46:General (551.46) KW - SW 7010:Education - extramural UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918072141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=A+passive+microwave+snowfall+rate+algorithm&rft.au=Meng%2C+Huan%3BYan%2C+B%3BPrice%2C+D%3BFerraro%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=Huan&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Estimates of Global Biomass Burning Emissions using Fire Radiative Power Retrieved from Multiple Geostationary Satellites AN - 918072119; 16193282 AB - Biomass burning significantly affects air quality and climate change. Current estimates of burning emissions from different algorithms vary markedly. This paper investigates the use of fire radiative power (FRP) to derive emissions. The FRP is retrieved using WF_ABBA_V65 (Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm) from multiple geostationary satellites. The network of satellites consist of two Geostationary Operation Environmental Satellites (GOES) which are operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),the Meteosat Second Generation satellites (MET-09) operated by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT-1R) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The instantaneous FRP may not be continuously observed from theses satellites because of sensor saturation, cloud cover, and background surface effects. To fill the missing observations, we use a set of representative diurnal patterns of half-hourly FRP for various ecosystems that are based on climatology derived from several years of data. Combined with the observed instantaneous FRP values within a day, the representative patterns are used to fill the missed and poor quality observations of half-hourly FRP for individual fire pixels. To calculate the biomass combusted during fire activities, on the other hand, the relationship between FRP and biomass combustion is established using biomass combustions in 700 Landsat TM-based burn scars. These biomass combustions are quantified using burn severity detected from Landsat TM data and fuel loadings in individual burn scars. The algorithms are applied to estimate global biomass burning emissions every half hour in near real time. Preliminary results of the global geostationary satellite emissions will be presented. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 27 Sep 2010. AU - Zhang, Xiaoyang AU - Kondragunta, S AU - Schmidt, C C Y1 - 2010/09/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 27 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Burns KW - INW, Japan KW - Combustion products KW - Climate change KW - Remote sensing KW - Algorithms KW - LANDSAT KW - Emissions KW - Climatology KW - Satellite conferences KW - Fires KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Biomass KW - burning KW - Satellites KW - Geostationary satellites KW - Combustion KW - Satellite meteorology KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918072119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiaoyang%3BKondragunta%2C+S%3BSchmidt%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xiaoyang&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Estimates+of+Global+Biomass+Burning+Emissions+using+Fire+Radiative+Power+Retrieved+from+Multiple+Geostationary+Satellites&rft.title=Estimates+of+Global+Biomass+Burning+Emissions+using+Fire+Radiative+Power+Retrieved+from+Multiple+Geostationary+Satellites&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Assimilation of GOES Hourly Aerosol Optical Depths in a Regional Air Quality Model to Improve PM2.5 Predictions AN - 918068822; 16193421 AB - Considerable progress has been made in the last decade in the use of satellite data for air quality monitoring and forecasting applications. Despite the advances in satellite data applications, many challenges remain in using the data on a day to day basis. Especially, chemical satellite data assimilation has not really advanced beyond applications involving a single observable parameter such as ozone or Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). This work demonstrates the improvements to NOAA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model predicted particulate matter (PM2.5, particles smaller than 2.5 microns in median diameter) by assimilating GOES hourly AOD observations. This will be contrasted with the impact of assimilation of AODs from a polar-orbiting satellite, Aqua/Terra MODIS, which has a considerably less coverage. Model simulations for this study include an east coast regional haze episode due to urban/industrial pollution from August 2-6, 2006. Spatial and temporal analysis of the impact of AOD assimilation on surface PM2.5 for this episode will be presented. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 27 Sep 2010. AU - Kondragunta, Shobha AU - Zhao, Q Y1 - 2010/09/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 27 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Remote sensing KW - Particulate matter in urban air KW - Air quality KW - Particulates KW - Data assimilation KW - Haze KW - Optical analysis KW - Particulate matter in atmosphere KW - Industrial wastes KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Weather forecasting KW - Particle size KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Aerosols KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Simulation KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Satellites KW - Satellite data KW - Urban atmospheric pollution KW - Optical depth of aerosols KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.46:General (551.46) KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918068822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assimilation+of+GOES+Hourly+Aerosol+Optical+Depths+in+a+Regional+Air+Quality+Model+to+Improve+PM2.5+Predictions&rft.au=Kondragunta%2C+Shobha%3BZhao%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Kondragunta&rft.aufirst=Shobha&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Diagnosis of systematic errors in atmospheric river forecasts using satellite observations of integrated water vapor AN - 918068282; 16195222 AB - Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow, filamentary structures of water vapor flux in the atmosphere responsible for 90% of the meridional poleward water vapor transport in less than 10% of the earth's circumference. Studies have shown that these atmospheric rivers were present and an important contributor to recent major winter flooding events along the US west coast. Previous work at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory developed objective characteristics for the identification of atmospheric river (AR) events in integrated water vapor (IWV) retrievals from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). These techniques have been extended in the development of an automated AR detection procedure in which potential AR are first identified through thresholding and location of strong gradients in the IWV data, and then further distinguished through the image processing technique of skeletonization and determination of feature width and length. This tool, providing identification of the AR axis, its width, and an estimate of strength based on the IWV magnitude, is applicable both to satellite-derived and numerical weather prediction (NWP) fields of IWV. Given the important hydrological impact of AR events, understanding whether or not these phenomena are well forecast is of significant interest. We have applied the automated AR detection tool to multiple seasons of observations from the SSM/I and corresponding forecast fields from several of the operational NWP models included in the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) to evaluate and compare the ability of the models to accurately reproduce the frequency, size and intensity of AR events. Results are presented as a function of forecast lead time in terms of quantities including probability of detection and false alarm rate. Overall, the frequency and timing of events is generally well forecast, though the occurrence of landfall tends to be overestimated, particularly at longer forecast lead times. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 27 Sep 2010. AU - Wick, Gary A Y1 - 2010/09/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 27 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Automation KW - Water Vapor KW - Water vapor in the atmosphere KW - INE, USA, West Coast KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 7060:Research facilities KW - M2:551.46 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918068282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+of+systematic+errors+in+atmospheric+river+forecasts+using+satellite+observations+of+integrated+water+vapor&rft.au=Wick%2C+Gary+A&rft.aulast=Wick&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Monitoring a changing climate for coral reef ecosystems over the next few decades - Signals from the past 25 years AN - 918056605; 16193341 AB - The NOAA/NASA Pathfinder sea surface temperature (SST) data from 1985 to 2008 are examined for variability and trends and compared with NOAA/NESDIS' operational SSTs for implications on the near future of global tropical ecosystems. These twenty-four years of satellite observations reveal some noteworthy shifts that have quite different implications for each major ocean basin, in addition to revealing expected increasing trends toward higher latitudes especially in the northern hemisphere, confirming the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections. Although global SST trends throughout the tropics show several regions experiencing decreasing SSTs over the 24-year timeframe, most regions are showing rising trends. Most notable and worrisome is an obvious shift after the recent PDO reversal from cooling to warming over certain tropical waters. While a brief stabilization of upward trends during the past decade might look hopeful, the past 10 years' average data show the highest SSTs over the tropics to date. We also examine trends of coral bleaching "HotSpots" and "Degree Heating Weeks" that serve as indices for the occurrence, intensity and duration of thermal stress causing coral bleaching. Increased thermal stress has been contributing significantly to the degradation of the world's coral reef ecosystems during the past few decades. Regionally, those coral reefs experiencing troubling upwards trends in SSTs, including elevated HotSpot and Degree Heating Weeks over the past decade, are in the Caribbean and Mid-Pacific. What will be instructive for the future of our planet's precious coral reef ecosystems is whether the recent stabilization in trends continues over the global tropical ocean since the recent PDO reversal. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 27 Sep 2010. AU - Strong, Alan E AU - Liu, G AU - Skriving, W AU - Christensen, TRL AU - Eakin, C M AU - Heron, S F AU - Nim, C Y1 - 2010/09/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 27 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Ecosystems KW - Bleaching KW - Hot spots KW - Climate change KW - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KW - Pacific Decadal Oscillation KW - Stabilizing KW - Satellite meteorology KW - Satellite data KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Coral reefs KW - Ocean basins KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Satellite conferences KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918056605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Strong%2C+Alan+E%3BLiu%2C+G%3BSkriving%2C+W%3BChristensen%2C+TRL%3BEakin%2C+C+M%3BHeron%2C+S+F%3BNim%2C+C&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Monitoring+a+changing+climate+for+coral+reef+ecosystems+over+the+next+few+decades+-+Signals+from+the+past+25+years&rft.title=Monitoring+a+changing+climate+for+coral+reef+ecosystems+over+the+next+few+decades+-+Signals+from+the+past+25+years&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NOAA's operational geostatinary and blended sea surface temperature products AN - 918056195; 16193291 AB - NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) have generated Sea Surface Temperature (SST) products from Geostationary (GOES) East (E) and West (W) satellites on an operational basis since December of 2000. Since that time, a process of continual development has produced steady improvements in product accuracy. Recent improvements extended the capability to permit generation of operational SST retrievals from the Japanese Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-2 and the European Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)-2 satellite, thereby extending spatial coverage. The four geostationary satellites (longitudes 75 degree W, 135 degree W, 140 degree E, and 0 degree , respectively) provide high temporal SST retrievals for most of the tropics and mid-latitudes, with the exception of a region between ~60 degree E and ~80 degree E. Due to ongoing development, the quality of these retrievals now approaches that of SST products from the polar orbiting Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The suite of products consists of gridded, NetCDF imagery and HDF blended SST analysis. Gridded products generated from the four geostationary satellites provide hourly regional imagery, 3-hourly hemispheric imagery, and 24 hour merged composites, along with a buoy matchup data set. NetCDF Level 2 preprocessed products are generated for every satellite image. This consists of a pixel level SST and additional parameters which are generated for GOES-E/W every 30 minutes for each N and S hemispheric sectors; MTSAT-2 every 60 minutes for each full disk sector; and MSG-2 every 15 minutes for each full disk sector. The blended SST is a daily 0.1 degree 0.1 degree resolution analysis generated from blending geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite SST retrievals. These products provide to the user community a reliable source of SST observations, with improved accuracy and increased coverage in important oceanographic, meteorological, and climatic regions. A dynamic estimate of the SST field using a recursive estimation algorithm which emulates the Kalman filter (Khellah et al., 2005) is applied to the NOAA operational polar-orbiting and geostationary SST data sets to generate the 0.1 degree 0.1 degree daily global SST analysis and a 0.05 degree 0.05 degree regional analysis. Uncertainty estimates for each observation type (day and night separately) are also generated. The SST inputs to the current analysis are GOES-11, 13, MTSAT-2, MSG-2, NOAA-19 and MetOp-A. In the future, the analyses will include microwave SST data (AMSR-E, AMSR-2); other polar orbiting data (e.g. AATSR SST); and diurnal warming estimates. These analyses meets the needs of the user community for 1) resolving mesoscale oceanographic features (e.g. fronts and eddies); improving ocean forecasting, providing an important tool for the coral reef Watch, and Ocean Watch / Coast Watch for coastal and fisheries management. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 27 Sep 2010. AU - Maturi, Eileen Maria AU - Harris, A AU - Mittaz, J AU - Sapper, J AU - Potash, R AU - Meng, W Y1 - 2010/09/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 27 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - INW, Japan KW - Climate change KW - Remote sensing KW - Algorithms KW - Mesoscale features KW - Radiometers KW - Satellite research KW - Microwaves KW - Fishery management KW - AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) KW - Meteorology KW - longitude KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Sea surface temperature forecasting KW - composite materials KW - Mathematical models KW - Conferences KW - Information services KW - Temperature KW - Oceanic eddies KW - Satellites KW - Geostationary satellites KW - coral reefs KW - Oceans KW - Coral reefs KW - Oceanographic data KW - Q2 09303:Buoys and buoy systems KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918056195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Maturi%2C+Eileen+Maria%3BHarris%2C+A%3BMittaz%2C+J%3BSapper%2C+J%3BPotash%2C+R%3BMeng%2C+W&rft.aulast=Maturi&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NOAA%27s+operational+geostatinary+and+blended+sea+surface+temperature+products&rft.title=NOAA%27s+operational+geostatinary+and+blended+sea+surface+temperature+products&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Climate change and coral bleaching: From satellite-derived nowcasts to model-derived forecasts AN - 918056158; 16193336 AB - As a consequence of climate change, the frequency and intensity of mass coral bleaching has increased across the globe over the past decades. These events, which span across hundreds to thousands of kilometers, occur as a direct result of high temperatures. NOAA Coral Reef Watch has been providing operational satellite-based products to alert resource managers of the potential for coral bleaching since 2002. As these have continued to both see greater application in the research and management communities, NOAA has continued to develop and refine these products. However, these were inherently limited to short-term warnings and resource managers have been requesting products that provide longer lead-times. At the same time, the need for understanding the potential impact of future climate change has led to the need for decadal scale scenarios. In July 2008, NOAA Coral Reef Watch launched a new seasonal prediction tool for coral bleaching conditions built from the methods and lessons from real-time satellite monitoring. The current model of thermal stress provides an outlook of the risk of coral bleaching two weeks to three months in the future was developed through collaboration with the Physical Sciences Division of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. The current system is built on statistical sea surface temperature forecasts provided by NOAA's Linear Inverse Model (LIM) with new work starting to develop this system using ensemble forecasts from the dynamical NCEP Climate Forecast System and others. Future work may close the gap between these through the application of weather forecast models. At the same time the satellite-based system is serving as the basis for decadal scenarios using the GFDL Earth System Model. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 27 Sep 2010. AU - Eakin, CMark AU - Liu, G AU - Donner, S D AU - Dunne, J P AU - Matrosova, L AU - Penland, C AU - Webb, R S AU - Kumar, A AU - Chen, M AU - Christensen, TRL AU - Heron, S F AU - Morgan, JA AU - Skirving, W J AU - Strong, A E AU - Parker, BAA AU - Burgess, T F AU - Delgado, P AU - Nim, C J Y1 - 2010/09/27/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 27 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Climate change KW - Remote sensing KW - coral bleaching KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Potential resources KW - Climatology KW - Seasonal variations KW - Sea surface temperature forecasting KW - Weather forecasting KW - Satellite conferences KW - Weather KW - Climate models KW - Conferences KW - Bleaching KW - Satellites KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - coral reefs KW - Satellite meteorology KW - Satellite data KW - Coral reefs KW - Future climates KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918056158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Eakin%2C+CMark%3BLiu%2C+G%3BDonner%2C+S+D%3BDunne%2C+J+P%3BMatrosova%2C+L%3BPenland%2C+C%3BWebb%2C+R+S%3BKumar%2C+A%3BChen%2C+M%3BChristensen%2C+TRL%3BHeron%2C+S+F%3BMorgan%2C+JA%3BSkirving%2C+W+J%3BStrong%2C+A+E%3BParker%2C+BAA%3BBurgess%2C+T+F%3BDelgado%2C+P%3BNim%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Eakin&rft.aufirst=CMark&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Climate+change+and+coral+bleaching%3A+From+satellite-derived+nowcasts+to+model-derived+forecasts&rft.title=Climate+change+and+coral+bleaching%3A+From+satellite-derived+nowcasts+to+model-derived+forecasts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age and growth of the great hammerhead shark,Sphyrna mokarran, in the north-westernAtlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico AN - 759319361; 13762054 AB - The great hammerhead shark, Sphyrna mokarran, is a cosmopolitan species that is caught in a variety of fisheries throughout much of its range. The apparent decline of great hammerhead shark populations has reinforced the need for accurate biological data to enhance fishery management plans. To this end, age and growth estimates for the great hammerhead were determined from sharks (n = 216) ranging in size from 54- to 315-cm fork length (FL), captured in the Gulf of Mexico and north-western Atlantic Ocean. Growth curves were fitted using multiple models and evaluated using Akaike's information criterion. The von Bertalanffy growth model was the best fitting model, with resulting growth parameters of L sub(!) = 264.2-cm FL, k = 0.16 year super(-1), t sub(0) = -1.99 year for males, and L sub(!) = 307.8-cm FL, k = 0.11 year super(-1), t sub(0) = -2.86 year for females. Annual band pair deposition was confirmed through marginal-increment analysis and a concurrent bomb radiocarbon validation study. Great hammerheads have one of the oldest reported ages for any elasmobranch (44 years) but grow at relatively similar rates (on the basis of von Bertalanffy k value) to other large hammerhead species from this region. The present study is the first to provide vertebral ages for great hammerheads. JF - Marine & Freshwater Research AU - Piercy, Andrew N AU - Carlson, John K AU - Passerotti, Michelle S AD - Florida Program for Shark Research, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, PO Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, john.carlson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09/23/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 23 SP - 992 EP - 998 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 61 IS - 9 SN - 1323-1650, 1323-1650 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Age KW - Freshwater KW - Gulfs KW - Vertebrae KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Growth KW - Growth curves KW - Fish Management KW - Fishery management KW - cosmopolitan species KW - Fisheries KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Sphyrna mokarran KW - fishery management KW - Cosmopolite species KW - Model Studies KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Shark KW - Oceans KW - Depleted stocks KW - Deposition KW - Elasmobranchii KW - sharks KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759319361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.atitle=Age+and+growth+of+the+great+hammerhead+shark%2CSphyrna+mokarran%2C+in+the+north-westernAtlantic+Ocean+and+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Piercy%2C+Andrew+N%3BCarlson%2C+John+K%3BPasserotti%2C+Michelle+S&rft.aulast=Piercy&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=992&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.issn=13231650&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FMF09227 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Growth rate; Growth curves; Fishery management; Depleted stocks; Cosmopolite species; Age; Data processing; Oceans; Fisheries; Vertebrae; Models; Growth; cosmopolitan species; fishery management; sharks; Shark; Fish Management; Deposition; Gulfs; Model Studies; Sphyrna mokarran; Elasmobranchii; ASW, Mexico Gulf; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF09227 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solutions for determining equibiaxial substrate strain for dynamic cell culture AN - 901661593; 15313174 AB - In this work, empirical and analytical solutions of equibiaxial strain on a flexible substrate are derived for a dynamic cell culture system. The empirical formula, which fulfills the mechanistic conditions of the culture system, is based on a regression analysis from finite element analyses for a substrate undergoing large strains (15%). The analytical (closed-form) solution is derived from the superposition of two elastic responses induced in the equibiaxial strain culture system after applying pressure to a substrate undergoing small strains (microstrains). There is good agreement between the strain predicted from the solutions and from the direct measurement. Using material and geometric properties of the culture system, the solutions developed here are straightforward and can be used to circumvent experimental measurements or finite element analysis to establish substrate pressure-strain relationships. JF - Journal of Biomechanics AU - Chiang, Martin YM AU - Cheng, Tianle AU - Pakstis, Lisa AU - Dunkers, Joy AD - Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8542, USA, martin.chiang@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/09/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 17 SP - 2613 EP - 2617 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 43 IS - 13 SN - 0021-9290, 0021-9290 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Equibiaxial strain KW - Flexible substrate KW - Cell culture KW - Finite element analysis KW - Flexcell KW - Regression analysis KW - Pressure KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/901661593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.atitle=Solutions+for+determining+equibiaxial+substrate+strain+for+dynamic+cell+culture&rft.au=Chiang%2C+Martin+YM%3BCheng%2C+Tianle%3BPakstis%2C+Lisa%3BDunkers%2C+Joy&rft.aulast=Chiang&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.issn=00219290&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiomech.2010.05.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regression analysis; Cell culture; Pressure; Mechanical properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.05.002 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL RESTORATION PLAN, ALASKA (FINAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL EIS OF SEPTEMBER 1994). [Part 1 of 1] T2 - EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL RESTORATION PLAN, ALASKA (FINAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL EIS OF SEPTEMBER 1994). AN - 873132919; 14655-4_0001 AB - PURPOSE: A more efficient funding mechanism and a narrower scope for restoring the resources and services damaged by the Exxon Valdez oil spill are proposed. On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing the largest tanker oil spill in U.S. history. Approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil subsequently moved through southwestern Prince William Sound and along the western coast of the Gulf of Alaska. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council was formed in 1991, following a $900 million settlement between the Exxon companies, the United States, and the state of Alaska. Of the $780 million of joint trust funds initially managed by the Council, more than $180 million has been used for research, monitoring, and general restoration and more than $375 million has funded habitat protection. Annual program development, implementation, and administration costs have totaled more than $45 million. Approximately $15 million will be needed to fund ongoing and final stages of administration and $65 million is currently contractually-committed to multi-year projects, habitat purchases, and other previously approved projects. Therefore, as of spring 2010, approximately $81 million remain available for research, monitoring, and general restoration, and $25 million remain available for habitat acquisition and protection. This final supplemental EIS analyzes proposals for management of the remaining joint trust funds. Under the No Action Alternative (Alternative 1), the Council would continue its activities in research, monitoring, general restoration and habitat protection as it has done for the last 21 years. Under the proposed action (Alternative 2), the Council would narrow and refine the scope of the Council's monitoring efforts to five restoration categories: herring; lingering oil; long-term monitoring of marine conditions and injured resources; harbor protection, marine restoration, and lessons learned/outreach; and habitat acquisition and protection. In addition, the Council would fund longer-term programs and shift functions, such as scientific and technical review and planning, peer review, and the solicitation and management of individual projects, to the entity responsible for the funded focus area. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed action would continue restoration efforts and advance long-term resource management of injured resources while allowing for strategic and efficient allocation of remaining funds. By narrowing its focus areas and by delegating many of its existing administrative functions to a select number of entities, the Council would streamline and reduce administrative functions and allow the funded entities to design longer-term, integrated programs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Proposed actions could assist in the recovery and long-term management of herring populations, but the level of benefits is uncertain because it is not possible to attribute their population declines solely to the spill. Also, the effects of lingering oil research are largely unknown. LEGAL MANDATES: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 961(h)) and Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 94-0188D, Volume 18, Number 3 and 94-0385F, Volume 18, Number 5, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100384, 79 pages, September 17, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Employment KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Marine Systems KW - Oil Spills KW - Research KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Water Quality KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Prince William Sound KW - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, Compliance KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=EXXON+VALDEZ+OIL+SPILL+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+ALASKA+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+EIS+OF+SEPTEMBER+1994%29.&rft.title=EXXON+VALDEZ+OIL+SPILL+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+ALASKA+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+EIS+OF+SEPTEMBER+1994%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: September 17, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL RESTORATION PLAN, ALASKA (FINAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL EIS OF SEPTEMBER 1994). AN - 762465758; 14655 AB - PURPOSE: A more efficient funding mechanism and a narrower scope for restoring the resources and services damaged by the Exxon Valdez oil spill are proposed. On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing the largest tanker oil spill in U.S. history. Approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil subsequently moved through southwestern Prince William Sound and along the western coast of the Gulf of Alaska. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council was formed in 1991, following a $900 million settlement between the Exxon companies, the United States, and the state of Alaska. Of the $780 million of joint trust funds initially managed by the Council, more than $180 million has been used for research, monitoring, and general restoration and more than $375 million has funded habitat protection. Annual program development, implementation, and administration costs have totaled more than $45 million. Approximately $15 million will be needed to fund ongoing and final stages of administration and $65 million is currently contractually-committed to multi-year projects, habitat purchases, and other previously approved projects. Therefore, as of spring 2010, approximately $81 million remain available for research, monitoring, and general restoration, and $25 million remain available for habitat acquisition and protection. This final supplemental EIS analyzes proposals for management of the remaining joint trust funds. Under the No Action Alternative (Alternative 1), the Council would continue its activities in research, monitoring, general restoration and habitat protection as it has done for the last 21 years. Under the proposed action (Alternative 2), the Council would narrow and refine the scope of the Council's monitoring efforts to five restoration categories: herring; lingering oil; long-term monitoring of marine conditions and injured resources; harbor protection, marine restoration, and lessons learned/outreach; and habitat acquisition and protection. In addition, the Council would fund longer-term programs and shift functions, such as scientific and technical review and planning, peer review, and the solicitation and management of individual projects, to the entity responsible for the funded focus area. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed action would continue restoration efforts and advance long-term resource management of injured resources while allowing for strategic and efficient allocation of remaining funds. By narrowing its focus areas and by delegating many of its existing administrative functions to a select number of entities, the Council would streamline and reduce administrative functions and allow the funded entities to design longer-term, integrated programs. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Proposed actions could assist in the recovery and long-term management of herring populations, but the level of benefits is uncertain because it is not possible to attribute their population declines solely to the spill. Also, the effects of lingering oil research are largely unknown. LEGAL MANDATES: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 961(h)) and Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 94-0188D, Volume 18, Number 3 and 94-0385F, Volume 18, Number 5, respectively. JF - EPA number: 100384, 79 pages, September 17, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Birds KW - Conservation KW - Employment KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Harbors KW - Impact Monitoring Plans KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Marine Systems KW - Oil Spills KW - Research KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Water Quality KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Alaska KW - Gulf of Alaska KW - Prince William Sound KW - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, Compliance KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762465758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=EXXON+VALDEZ+OIL+SPILL+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+ALASKA+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+EIS+OF+SEPTEMBER+1994%29.&rft.title=EXXON+VALDEZ+OIL+SPILL+RESTORATION+PLAN%2C+ALASKA+%28FINAL+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+EIS+OF+SEPTEMBER+1994%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: September 17, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unique para-effect in electron ionization mass spectra of bis(perfluoroacyl) derivatives of bifunctional aminobenzenes AN - 901655280; 15267529 AB - A new kind of 'para-effect' under electron ionization (EI) conditions has been discovered for a series of bis(perfluoroacyl) derivatives of o-, m- and p-phenylenediamines, -hydroxybenzeneamines and -mercaptobenzeneamines of a common structure RCOX-C6H4-NHCOR (X = NH, S, O; R = CF3, C2F5, C3F7). Only the para-isomers showed successive loss of a radical RCO times and a molecule RCN, leading to very intense peaks in the EI spectra. The composition and the origin of the [M-COR-NCR]+ ions were confirmed by exact mass measurements and linked scan experiments. The proposed mechanism of their formation takes into account likely para-quinoid structures of the precursor ions. A similar rearrangement has not been observed for para-isomers in the series of bis(perfluoroacyl) derivatives of benzenediols, mercaptophenols and dimercaptobenzenes. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry AU - Tretyakov, Kirill V AU - Todua, Nino G AU - Borisov, Roman S AU - Zaikin, Vladimir G AU - Stein, Stephen E AU - Mikaia, Anzor I AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, kirill.tretyakov@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/09/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 15 SP - 2529 EP - 2532 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 24 IS - 17 SN - 1097-0231, 1097-0231 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Mass spectrometry KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/901655280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+Communications+in+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Unique+para-effect+in+electron+ionization+mass+spectra+of+bis%28perfluoroacyl%29+derivatives+of+bifunctional+aminobenzenes&rft.au=Tretyakov%2C+Kirill+V%3BTodua%2C+Nino+G%3BBorisov%2C+Roman+S%3BZaikin%2C+Vladimir+G%3BStein%2C+Stephen+E%3BMikaia%2C+Anzor+I&rft.aulast=Tretyakov&rft.aufirst=Kirill&rft.date=2010-09-15&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+Communications+in+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10970231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Frcm.4661 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcm.4661/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Mass spectrometry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4661 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of orthogonal liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms for the determination of amino acid concentrations in human plasma AN - 896238880; 15120239 AB - Concentrations of amino acids in a human plasma pool were determined using four independent quantification methods. Orthogonal separation schemes (LC, GC, or GCxGC) and detection systems (triple quadrupole or time-of-flight mass spectrometry) are shown to demonstrate excellent consistency among platforms for quantifying 18 amino acids in NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma using a well-characterized isotope dilution (ID) quantification method. Measured levels were consistent with reference values in plasma from the literature. Individual amino acid concentrations in plasma varied by over an order of magnitude ranging from 1.83 [micro]g/g to 28.0 [micro]g/g (7.78 [micro]mol/L to 321 [micro]mol/L). Average variability (coefficient of variation) between experimental amino acid concentrations (excluding cysteine) among all methods was 6.3%. Certified mass fraction values for amino acids in NIST SRM 1950 will be established from statistically weighted means of all experimental results. JF - Journal of Chromatography A AU - McGaw, Elizabeth A AU - Phinney, Karen W AU - Lowenthal, Mark S AD - Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20988-8392, USA Y1 - 2010/09/10/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 10 SP - 5822 EP - 5831 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 1217 IS - 37 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Plasma KW - Amino acid KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Gas chromatography KW - Isotope dilution KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Amino Acids KW - Variability KW - Amino acids KW - Chromatographic techniques KW - Pools KW - Metabolites KW - Cysteine KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Standards KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896238880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+orthogonal+liquid+and+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry+platforms+for+the+determination+of+amino+acid+concentrations+in+human+plasma&rft.au=McGaw%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BPhinney%2C+Karen+W%3BLowenthal%2C+Mark+S&rft.aulast=McGaw&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2010-09-10&rft.volume=1217&rft.issue=37&rft.spage=5822&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chroma.2010.07.025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amino acids; Chromatographic techniques; Cysteine; Isotope dilution; Mass Spectrometry; Variability; Amino Acids; Wastewater Disposal; Pools; Metabolites; Standards DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe AN - 817609709; 13970815 AB - Nearly half of the earth's photosynthetically fixed carbon derives from the oceans. To determine global and region specific rates, we rely on models that estimate marine net primary productivity (NPP) thus it is essential that these models are evaluated to determine their accuracy. Here we assessed the skill of 21 ocean color models by comparing their estimates of depth-integrated NPP to 1156 in situ super(14)C measurements encompassing ten marine regions including the Sargasso Sea, pelagic North Atlantic, coastal Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, subtropical North Pacific, Ross Sea, West Antarctic Peninsula, and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Average model skill, as determined by root-mean square difference calculations, was lowest in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, highest in the pelagic North Atlantic and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, and intermediate in the other six regions. The maximum fraction of model skill that may be attributable to uncertainties in both the input variables and in situ NPP measurements, was nearly 72%. Contrary to prior studies, ocean color models were not highly challenged in extreme conditions of surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, nor in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll waters. On average, the simplest depth/wavelength integrated models performed no worse than the more complex depth/wavelength resolved models. Water column depth (distance to coastlines) was the primary influence on ocean color model performance such that average skill was significantly higher at depths greater than 250 m, suggesting that ocean color models are more challenged in Case-2 waters (coastal) than in Case-1 (pelagic) waters. Given that in situ chlorophyll-a data was used as input data, algorithm improvement is required to eliminate the poor performance of ocean color models in Case-2 waters that are close to coastlines. Finally, ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms are challenged by optically complex Case-2 waters, thus using satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to estimate NPP in coastal areas would likely further reduce the skill of ocean color models. JF - Biogeosciences Discussions AU - Saba, V S AU - Friedrichs, MAM AU - Antoine, D AU - Armstrong, R A AU - Asanuma, I AU - Behrenfeld, MJ AU - Ciotti, A M AU - Dowell, M AU - Hoepffner, N AU - Hyde, KJW AD - NOAA/NMFS Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA Y1 - 2010/09/06/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 06 SP - 6749 EP - 6788 PB - European Geosciences Union, c/o E.O.S.T. Strasbourg Cedex 67084 France VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1810-6277, 1810-6277 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Chlorophylls KW - PS, Ross Sea KW - ISW, Arabian Sea KW - PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula KW - Algorithms KW - Primary production KW - Water column KW - Models KW - Colour KW - MED, Black Sea KW - Carbon KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Wavelength KW - AN, Sargasso Sea KW - Coasts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Carbon 14 KW - Extreme values KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Frontal zones KW - Color KW - Satellite data KW - Coastal zone KW - Oceans KW - Pelagic environment KW - Coastal oceanography KW - Q2 09142:Methods and instruments KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817609709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeosciences+Discussions&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+ocean+color+model+estimates+of+marine+primary+productivity+in+coastal+and+pelagic+regions+across+the+globe&rft.au=Saba%2C+V+S%3BFriedrichs%2C+MAM%3BAntoine%2C+D%3BArmstrong%2C+R+A%3BAsanuma%2C+I%3BBehrenfeld%2C+MJ%3BCiotti%2C+A+M%3BDowell%2C+M%3BHoepffner%2C+N%3BHyde%2C+KJW&rft.aulast=Saba&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2010-09-06&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=6749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeosciences+Discussions&rft.issn=18106277&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colour; Chlorophylls; Coastal zone; Mathematical models; Pelagic environment; Carbon 14; Extreme values; Primary production; Coasts; Temperature effects; Carbon; Data processing; Oceans; Algorithms; Wavelength; Water column; Models; Color; Satellite data; Coastal oceanography; Frontal zones; MED, Black Sea; PS, Ross Sea; ISW, Arabian Sea; IN, North Pacific; PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula; AN, North Atlantic; AN, Sargasso Sea ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NORTHWEST TRAINING RANGE COMPLEX, PACIFIC OCEAN, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON. [Part 3 of 3] T2 - NORTHWEST TRAINING RANGE COMPLEX, PACIFIC OCEAN, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON. AN - 873133312; 14636-4_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a new plan of operations for the U.S. Navy's Northwest Training Range Complex (NWTRC), extending along the Pacific Coast from Northern California to the northern tip of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is proposed. The NWTRC consists of an offshore area and an inshore area and includes ranges, operating areas, and airspace that extend west to 250 nautical miles (nm) beyond the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California; and east into Idaho. The components encompass 122,440 square nm of surface/subsurface ocean operating areas, 46,048 square nm of special use airspace, 367 square nm of restricted airspace, and 875 acres of land. The offshore area of the Range Complex includes surface and subsurface operating areas extending west from the coastline for 250 nm into international waters. The inshore area includes all air, land, sea, and undersea ranges and operating areas inland of the coastline including Puget Sound. The NWTRC provides a unique training environment for those units homeported in the Pacific Northwest area, including those aviation, surface ship, submarine, and explosive ordnance disposal units homeported at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Naval Station Everett, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Base Kitsap Bremerton, and Naval Base Bangor. Additionally, the NWTRC supports other non-resident Navy users and their training requirements. The proposed modifications to the complex are intended to maintain acceptable levels of naval military readiness, accommodate future increases in operational training tempo, and upgrade existing range capabilities to address shortfalls and deficiencies. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, which would perpetuate current operations, are considered in this final EIS. Both action alternatives would: accommodate the Fleet Response Training Plan (FRTP); achieve training requirements based on fleet deployment schedules; accommodate joint training events involving other branches of the U.S. military and the military of U.S. allies; provide for basic and intermediate training of Navy forces in an environment that replicates the dynamic nature of modern naval warfare; meet training requirements of formal military schools located at Navy installations in the Pacific Northwest region; accommodate research, development, testing and evaluation (RDT&E) activities; align NWTRC infrastructure with other Navy infrastructure, including new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology; ensure sustainable range management to protect and conserve natural and cultural resources; and preserve access to training areas for current and future training requirements, while addressing potential encroachments that threaten to impact range capabilities. Alternatives 1 and 2 differ only in the level of training and force structure change each accommodates, with Alternative 2, the preferred alternative, providing for a higher level of both training and structural support. Additional range enhancements under Alternative 2 would include new electronic combat threat simulators/targets, development of a small scale underwater training minefield, development and use of a portable undersea tracking range, and development of air and surface target services. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would achieve and maintain fleet readiness using the NWTRC to support and conduct current, emergent, and future training and RDT&E activities, primarily in the field of unmanned aerial systems. Expansion of warfare missions supported by the NWTRC would be consistent with the requirements of the FRTP. Upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities would address shortfalls and deficiencies in the current training areas and operating areas. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Soils would be damaged and degraded by exploding ordnance, the by-products of exploded materials, and the movement of personnel and equipment within inshore areas. Air pollutant emissions, primarily from aircraft, in both inshore and offshore areas of the range would increase over current levels. Although 190,000 ordnance and non-ordnance items would be expended offshore during the proposed operations, no significant impacts to water quality are anticipated. Aircraft noise and noise from ordnance explosions over inshore areas would increase somewhat. Approximately 109 annual low-altitude helicopter flights would emit more significant noise levels than other aircraft operations. Unexploded ordnance in inshore areas could pose a future safety hazard if they go undiscovered by recovery teams. The potential for collision with marine mammals, particularly cetaceans, would increase somewhat over the existing level of risk. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0010D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100364, Volumes 1-3 on CD-ROM, September 3, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Coastal Zones KW - Helicopters KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - International Programs KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Joint) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Ships KW - Soil Pollution KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Vegetation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Pacific Fleet Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: September 3, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NORTHWEST TRAINING RANGE COMPLEX, PACIFIC OCEAN, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON. [Part 2 of 3] T2 - NORTHWEST TRAINING RANGE COMPLEX, PACIFIC OCEAN, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON. AN - 873129925; 14636-4_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a new plan of operations for the U.S. Navy's Northwest Training Range Complex (NWTRC), extending along the Pacific Coast from Northern California to the northern tip of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is proposed. The NWTRC consists of an offshore area and an inshore area and includes ranges, operating areas, and airspace that extend west to 250 nautical miles (nm) beyond the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California; and east into Idaho. The components encompass 122,440 square nm of surface/subsurface ocean operating areas, 46,048 square nm of special use airspace, 367 square nm of restricted airspace, and 875 acres of land. The offshore area of the Range Complex includes surface and subsurface operating areas extending west from the coastline for 250 nm into international waters. The inshore area includes all air, land, sea, and undersea ranges and operating areas inland of the coastline including Puget Sound. The NWTRC provides a unique training environment for those units homeported in the Pacific Northwest area, including those aviation, surface ship, submarine, and explosive ordnance disposal units homeported at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Naval Station Everett, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Base Kitsap Bremerton, and Naval Base Bangor. Additionally, the NWTRC supports other non-resident Navy users and their training requirements. The proposed modifications to the complex are intended to maintain acceptable levels of naval military readiness, accommodate future increases in operational training tempo, and upgrade existing range capabilities to address shortfalls and deficiencies. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, which would perpetuate current operations, are considered in this final EIS. Both action alternatives would: accommodate the Fleet Response Training Plan (FRTP); achieve training requirements based on fleet deployment schedules; accommodate joint training events involving other branches of the U.S. military and the military of U.S. allies; provide for basic and intermediate training of Navy forces in an environment that replicates the dynamic nature of modern naval warfare; meet training requirements of formal military schools located at Navy installations in the Pacific Northwest region; accommodate research, development, testing and evaluation (RDT&E) activities; align NWTRC infrastructure with other Navy infrastructure, including new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology; ensure sustainable range management to protect and conserve natural and cultural resources; and preserve access to training areas for current and future training requirements, while addressing potential encroachments that threaten to impact range capabilities. Alternatives 1 and 2 differ only in the level of training and force structure change each accommodates, with Alternative 2, the preferred alternative, providing for a higher level of both training and structural support. Additional range enhancements under Alternative 2 would include new electronic combat threat simulators/targets, development of a small scale underwater training minefield, development and use of a portable undersea tracking range, and development of air and surface target services. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would achieve and maintain fleet readiness using the NWTRC to support and conduct current, emergent, and future training and RDT&E activities, primarily in the field of unmanned aerial systems. Expansion of warfare missions supported by the NWTRC would be consistent with the requirements of the FRTP. Upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities would address shortfalls and deficiencies in the current training areas and operating areas. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Soils would be damaged and degraded by exploding ordnance, the by-products of exploded materials, and the movement of personnel and equipment within inshore areas. Air pollutant emissions, primarily from aircraft, in both inshore and offshore areas of the range would increase over current levels. Although 190,000 ordnance and non-ordnance items would be expended offshore during the proposed operations, no significant impacts to water quality are anticipated. Aircraft noise and noise from ordnance explosions over inshore areas would increase somewhat. Approximately 109 annual low-altitude helicopter flights would emit more significant noise levels than other aircraft operations. Unexploded ordnance in inshore areas could pose a future safety hazard if they go undiscovered by recovery teams. The potential for collision with marine mammals, particularly cetaceans, would increase somewhat over the existing level of risk. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0010D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100364, Volumes 1-3 on CD-ROM, September 3, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Coastal Zones KW - Helicopters KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - International Programs KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Joint) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Ships KW - Soil Pollution KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Vegetation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Pacific Fleet Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: September 3, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NORTHWEST TRAINING RANGE COMPLEX, PACIFIC OCEAN, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON. [Part 1 of 3] T2 - NORTHWEST TRAINING RANGE COMPLEX, PACIFIC OCEAN, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON. AN - 873128175; 14636-4_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a new plan of operations for the U.S. Navy's Northwest Training Range Complex (NWTRC), extending along the Pacific Coast from Northern California to the northern tip of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is proposed. The NWTRC consists of an offshore area and an inshore area and includes ranges, operating areas, and airspace that extend west to 250 nautical miles (nm) beyond the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California; and east into Idaho. The components encompass 122,440 square nm of surface/subsurface ocean operating areas, 46,048 square nm of special use airspace, 367 square nm of restricted airspace, and 875 acres of land. The offshore area of the Range Complex includes surface and subsurface operating areas extending west from the coastline for 250 nm into international waters. The inshore area includes all air, land, sea, and undersea ranges and operating areas inland of the coastline including Puget Sound. The NWTRC provides a unique training environment for those units homeported in the Pacific Northwest area, including those aviation, surface ship, submarine, and explosive ordnance disposal units homeported at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Naval Station Everett, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Base Kitsap Bremerton, and Naval Base Bangor. Additionally, the NWTRC supports other non-resident Navy users and their training requirements. The proposed modifications to the complex are intended to maintain acceptable levels of naval military readiness, accommodate future increases in operational training tempo, and upgrade existing range capabilities to address shortfalls and deficiencies. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, which would perpetuate current operations, are considered in this final EIS. Both action alternatives would: accommodate the Fleet Response Training Plan (FRTP); achieve training requirements based on fleet deployment schedules; accommodate joint training events involving other branches of the U.S. military and the military of U.S. allies; provide for basic and intermediate training of Navy forces in an environment that replicates the dynamic nature of modern naval warfare; meet training requirements of formal military schools located at Navy installations in the Pacific Northwest region; accommodate research, development, testing and evaluation (RDT&E) activities; align NWTRC infrastructure with other Navy infrastructure, including new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology; ensure sustainable range management to protect and conserve natural and cultural resources; and preserve access to training areas for current and future training requirements, while addressing potential encroachments that threaten to impact range capabilities. Alternatives 1 and 2 differ only in the level of training and force structure change each accommodates, with Alternative 2, the preferred alternative, providing for a higher level of both training and structural support. Additional range enhancements under Alternative 2 would include new electronic combat threat simulators/targets, development of a small scale underwater training minefield, development and use of a portable undersea tracking range, and development of air and surface target services. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would achieve and maintain fleet readiness using the NWTRC to support and conduct current, emergent, and future training and RDT&E activities, primarily in the field of unmanned aerial systems. Expansion of warfare missions supported by the NWTRC would be consistent with the requirements of the FRTP. Upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities would address shortfalls and deficiencies in the current training areas and operating areas. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Soils would be damaged and degraded by exploding ordnance, the by-products of exploded materials, and the movement of personnel and equipment within inshore areas. Air pollutant emissions, primarily from aircraft, in both inshore and offshore areas of the range would increase over current levels. Although 190,000 ordnance and non-ordnance items would be expended offshore during the proposed operations, no significant impacts to water quality are anticipated. Aircraft noise and noise from ordnance explosions over inshore areas would increase somewhat. Approximately 109 annual low-altitude helicopter flights would emit more significant noise levels than other aircraft operations. Unexploded ordnance in inshore areas could pose a future safety hazard if they go undiscovered by recovery teams. The potential for collision with marine mammals, particularly cetaceans, would increase somewhat over the existing level of risk. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0010D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100364, Volumes 1-3 on CD-ROM, September 3, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Coastal Zones KW - Helicopters KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - International Programs KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Joint) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Ships KW - Soil Pollution KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Vegetation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Pacific Fleet Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: September 3, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NORTHWEST TRAINING RANGE COMPLEX, PACIFIC OCEAN, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, AND WASHINGTON. AN - 15235231; 14636 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a new plan of operations for the U.S. Navy's Northwest Training Range Complex (NWTRC), extending along the Pacific Coast from Northern California to the northern tip of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is proposed. The NWTRC consists of an offshore area and an inshore area and includes ranges, operating areas, and airspace that extend west to 250 nautical miles (nm) beyond the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California; and east into Idaho. The components encompass 122,440 square nm of surface/subsurface ocean operating areas, 46,048 square nm of special use airspace, 367 square nm of restricted airspace, and 875 acres of land. The offshore area of the Range Complex includes surface and subsurface operating areas extending west from the coastline for 250 nm into international waters. The inshore area includes all air, land, sea, and undersea ranges and operating areas inland of the coastline including Puget Sound. The NWTRC provides a unique training environment for those units homeported in the Pacific Northwest area, including those aviation, surface ship, submarine, and explosive ordnance disposal units homeported at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Naval Station Everett, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Base Kitsap Bremerton, and Naval Base Bangor. Additionally, the NWTRC supports other non-resident Navy users and their training requirements. The proposed modifications to the complex are intended to maintain acceptable levels of naval military readiness, accommodate future increases in operational training tempo, and upgrade existing range capabilities to address shortfalls and deficiencies. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, which would perpetuate current operations, are considered in this final EIS. Both action alternatives would: accommodate the Fleet Response Training Plan (FRTP); achieve training requirements based on fleet deployment schedules; accommodate joint training events involving other branches of the U.S. military and the military of U.S. allies; provide for basic and intermediate training of Navy forces in an environment that replicates the dynamic nature of modern naval warfare; meet training requirements of formal military schools located at Navy installations in the Pacific Northwest region; accommodate research, development, testing and evaluation (RDT&E) activities; align NWTRC infrastructure with other Navy infrastructure, including new weapons systems, instrumentation, and technology; ensure sustainable range management to protect and conserve natural and cultural resources; and preserve access to training areas for current and future training requirements, while addressing potential encroachments that threaten to impact range capabilities. Alternatives 1 and 2 differ only in the level of training and force structure change each accommodates, with Alternative 2, the preferred alternative, providing for a higher level of both training and structural support. Additional range enhancements under Alternative 2 would include new electronic combat threat simulators/targets, development of a small scale underwater training minefield, development and use of a portable undersea tracking range, and development of air and surface target services. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would achieve and maintain fleet readiness using the NWTRC to support and conduct current, emergent, and future training and RDT&E activities, primarily in the field of unmanned aerial systems. Expansion of warfare missions supported by the NWTRC would be consistent with the requirements of the FRTP. Upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities would address shortfalls and deficiencies in the current training areas and operating areas. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Soils would be damaged and degraded by exploding ordnance, the by-products of exploded materials, and the movement of personnel and equipment within inshore areas. Air pollutant emissions, primarily from aircraft, in both inshore and offshore areas of the range would increase over current levels. Although 190,000 ordnance and non-ordnance items would be expended offshore during the proposed operations, no significant impacts to water quality are anticipated. Aircraft noise and noise from ordnance explosions over inshore areas would increase somewhat. Approximately 109 annual low-altitude helicopter flights would emit more significant noise levels than other aircraft operations. Unexploded ordnance in inshore areas could pose a future safety hazard if they go undiscovered by recovery teams. The potential for collision with marine mammals, particularly cetaceans, would increase somewhat over the existing level of risk. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Executive Order 12114. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0010D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100364, Volumes 1-3 on CD-ROM, September 3, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Coastal Zones KW - Helicopters KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - International Programs KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Joint) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Ships KW - Soil Pollution KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Vegetation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - California KW - Oregon KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Executive Order 12114, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15235231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=NORTHWEST+TRAINING+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+PACIFIC+OCEAN%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+OREGON%2C+AND+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, Pacific Fleet Command, Silverdale, Washington; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: September 3, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GRAY'S REEF NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY RESEARCH AREA DESIGNATION, GEORGIA. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - GRAY'S REEF NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY RESEARCH AREA DESIGNATION, GEORGIA. AN - 853675623; 14635-100363_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The designation of a research area within Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) off the coast of Georgia is proposed. The sanctuary is located 16 miles offshore of Sapelo Island, Georgia, on an area of continental shelf stretching from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Canaveral, Florida called the South Atlantic Bight. Designated in 1981, GRNMS contains one of the largest nearshore live-bottom reefs in the southeastern United States and protects 22 square miles of open ocean and submerged lands of particular biological importance. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is proposing to establish a research area in GRNMS to provide for comprehensive and coordinated conservation and management of natural resources consistent with the National Marine Sanctuaries Act. Although allowable fishing gear is limited in the sanctuary, recreational fishing continues to impact resources. Four boundary scenarios, several activity restrictions, and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. Under the preferred alternative, fishing and diving activities would be prohibited and vessel transit allowed only without stopping. The preferred boundary is the Southern Option Boundary, which encompasses 8.27 square miles and would be expected to displace a minimal number (9.2 percent) of sanctuary visitors. The research area would not be conditioned by any limit on the number of years of closure, but would be evaluated or reviewed and may be subject to change each time the GRNMS management plan is reviewed. In addition, GRNMS would conduct an annual review of usage and performance criteria of the research area. Other boundary options considered include: the Optimal Scientific Option Boundary based solely on research considerations; the Minimal User Displacement Option Boundary based on the least impact on or displacement of users; and the Compromise Option Boundary based on moderate values for both user displacement and scientific needs. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A designated research area would increase the opportunity to discriminate scientifically between natural and human-induced change to species populations in the sanctuary. Regulation allowing vessel transit through the sanctuary without stopping in the research area would facilitate enforcement. The prohibition on all fishing in the proposed research area would likely result in more abundant populations of snapper-grouper and other fish species in the long term. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under Optimal Scientific Option Boundary alternative, the elimination of all fishing would have significant adverse socioeconomic impact. Minimal socioeconomic impact would result from implementation of the Southern Option or Minimal User Displacement Option boundaries. Displacement of fishing effort from the Southern Option Boundary to other areas could have adverse impact. LEGAL MANDATES: National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100363, 120 pages, September 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Marine Systems KW - Preserves KW - Recreation KW - Recreation Resources KW - Reefs KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Ships KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary KW - National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GRAY%27S+REEF+NATIONAL+MARINE+SANCTUARY+RESEARCH+AREA+DESIGNATION%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.title=GRAY%27S+REEF+NATIONAL+MARINE+SANCTUARY+RESEARCH+AREA+DESIGNATION%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Savannah, Georgia; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Californian wildfire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations AN - 807272154; 13825397 AB - Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physicochemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5-6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of ~0.7 and ~0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of r sub(eff,f) during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 km and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O sub(3) concentrations as well as elevated K super(+)/SO sub(4) ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physico-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions AU - McKendry, I AU - Strawbridge, K AU - Karumudi, M L AU - O'Neill, N AU - Macdonald, A M AU - Leaitch, R AU - Jaffe, D AU - Sharma, S AU - Sheridan, P AU - Ogren, J AD - NOAA-Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, USA Y1 - 2010/09/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 02 SP - 21047 EP - 21075 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1680-7367, 1680-7367 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Aerosol transport KW - Lidar KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Dust KW - Optical analysis KW - INE, USA, California KW - Meteorology KW - Plumes KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - Aerosols KW - Forest fires KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Optical thickness of aerosols KW - Satellites KW - Whistlers KW - Inversions KW - Smoke KW - INE, USA, Oregon KW - Lidar applications KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.593:Optical (551.593) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807272154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics+Discussions&rft.atitle=Californian+wildfire+plumes+over+Southwestern+British+Columbia%3A+lidar%2C+sunphotometry%2C+and+mountaintop+chemistry+observations&rft.au=McKendry%2C+I%3BStrawbridge%2C+K%3BKarumudi%2C+M+L%3BO%27Neill%2C+N%3BMacdonald%2C+A+M%3BLeaitch%2C+R%3BJaffe%2C+D%3BSharma%2C+S%3BSheridan%2C+P%3BOgren%2C+J&rft.aulast=McKendry&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2010-09-02&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=21047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics+Discussions&rft.issn=16807367&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoke; Aerosol transport; Forest fires; Atmospheric chemistry; Lidar applications; Optical thickness of aerosols; Meteorology; Whistlers; Inversions; Optical analysis; Aerosols; Physicochemical properties; Lidar; Satellites; Plumes; Dust; Canada, British Columbia; INE, USA, Oregon; INE, USA, California; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GRAY'S REEF NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY RESEARCH AREA DESIGNATION, GEORGIA. AN - 759301387; 14635 AB - PURPOSE: The designation of a research area within Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) off the coast of Georgia is proposed. The sanctuary is located 16 miles offshore of Sapelo Island, Georgia, on an area of continental shelf stretching from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Canaveral, Florida called the South Atlantic Bight. Designated in 1981, GRNMS contains one of the largest nearshore live-bottom reefs in the southeastern United States and protects 22 square miles of open ocean and submerged lands of particular biological importance. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is proposing to establish a research area in GRNMS to provide for comprehensive and coordinated conservation and management of natural resources consistent with the National Marine Sanctuaries Act. Although allowable fishing gear is limited in the sanctuary, recreational fishing continues to impact resources. Four boundary scenarios, several activity restrictions, and a No Action Alternative are evaluated in this draft EIS. Under the preferred alternative, fishing and diving activities would be prohibited and vessel transit allowed only without stopping. The preferred boundary is the Southern Option Boundary, which encompasses 8.27 square miles and would be expected to displace a minimal number (9.2 percent) of sanctuary visitors. The research area would not be conditioned by any limit on the number of years of closure, but would be evaluated or reviewed and may be subject to change each time the GRNMS management plan is reviewed. In addition, GRNMS would conduct an annual review of usage and performance criteria of the research area. Other boundary options considered include: the Optimal Scientific Option Boundary based solely on research considerations; the Minimal User Displacement Option Boundary based on the least impact on or displacement of users; and the Compromise Option Boundary based on moderate values for both user displacement and scientific needs. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A designated research area would increase the opportunity to discriminate scientifically between natural and human-induced change to species populations in the sanctuary. Regulation allowing vessel transit through the sanctuary without stopping in the research area would facilitate enforcement. The prohibition on all fishing in the proposed research area would likely result in more abundant populations of snapper-grouper and other fish species in the long term. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under Optimal Scientific Option Boundary alternative, the elimination of all fishing would have significant adverse socioeconomic impact. Minimal socioeconomic impact would result from implementation of the Southern Option or Minimal User Displacement Option boundaries. Displacement of fishing effort from the Southern Option Boundary to other areas could have adverse impact. LEGAL MANDATES: National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 100363, 120 pages, September 2, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Marine Systems KW - Preserves KW - Recreation KW - Recreation Resources KW - Reefs KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Ships KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Georgia KW - Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary KW - National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759301387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GRAY%27S+REEF+NATIONAL+MARINE+SANCTUARY+RESEARCH+AREA+DESIGNATION%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.title=GRAY%27S+REEF+NATIONAL+MARINE+SANCTUARY+RESEARCH+AREA+DESIGNATION%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Savannah, Georgia; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of bathymetry mapped with the Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder operated in bathymetric and fisheries modes AN - 918066159; 16141019 AB - Cutter, G. R. Jr, Berger, L., and Demer, D. A. 2010. A comparison of bathymetry mapped with the Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder operated in bathymetric and fisheries modes. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1301-1309.The Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder was designed for quantitative fisheries research and is currently installed on Ifremer's fishery survey vessel (FSV) "Thalassa" and each of the new, quiet, NOAA FSVs. The ME70 has configurable beams and transmits in the range 70-120 kHz to provide calibrated, acoustic-backscattering data throughout the detection range (fisheries mode, FM). With optional hardware and software, the ME70 can also collect soundings that potentially meet International Hydrographic Organization's S-44 Order 1 standards (bathymetric mode, BM). Furthermore, with custom algorithms and software, bathymetric data can be obtained from the ME70 operating in FM, and volume backscatter can be sampled from the ME70 operating in BM. This flexibility allows data to be concurrently collected on fish and their seabed habitat. A method is described for processing the echo amplitude and phase data from multiple split-beams formed in FM to estimate seabed range, slope, and roughness. The resulting bathymetry is compared with that collected with the ME70 operating in BM in the same area of the Bay of Biscay. A proposal is made for software development to facilitate dual-use data processing. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Cutter, George R AU - Berger, Laurent AU - Demer, David A AD - 1 NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 9203, USA, george.cutter@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 1301 EP - 1309 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - bathymetry KW - mapping KW - ME70 KW - multibeam echosounder KW - NOAA FSV KW - split-beam KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Acoustic data KW - echosounders KW - Data processing KW - Echosounders KW - Soundings KW - Habitat KW - Bathymetry KW - Computer programs KW - Comparative studies KW - ANE, Europe, Biscay Bay KW - Fishery surveys KW - Fisheries KW - Fish KW - Ocean floor KW - International standardization KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918066159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+bathymetry+mapped+with+the+Simrad+ME70+multibeam+echosounder+operated+in+bathymetric+and+fisheries+modes&rft.au=Cutter%2C+George+R%3BBerger%2C+Laurent%3BDemer%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Acoustic data; Comparative studies; Data processing; Fishery surveys; Echosounders; Soundings; Ocean floor; Bathymetry; Computer programs; echosounders; Fisheries; Fish; bathymetry; Habitat; International standardization; ANE, Europe, Biscay Bay; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shifting species assemblages in the Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem AN - 885057651; 14409303 AB - The Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME) has experienced 2 major pressures: fishing and climate. The magnitude and rate of response to these pressures are species-specific and depend on each individual species' behavior, physiology and life histories. Thus, species assemblages can be expected to change as a result of the sum of each individual species' response. In previous studies, distinct species assemblages have been identified in each of the 4 subregions by which the NES LME has traditionally been assessed: Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), Southern New England (SNE), Georges Bank (GB), and Gulf of Maine (GOM). In this study, we confirm that each subregion has a distinct species assemblage, but found that those assemblages are shifting over time. The shift appears to be towards species that prefer warmer water. The result is a species assemblage within each subregion that more closely resembles the historic assemblage found in the adjacent subregion to the south. These shifts have occurred in response to a combination of both fishing and climate, and are highly nonlinear. Therefore, current reductions in fishing pressure may not be adequate to return the system to a more historic species assemblage. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Lucey, Sean M AU - Nye, Janet A AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole Laboratory, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA, Sean.Lucey@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 23 EP - 33 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 415 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - ANW, Atlantic, Georges Bank KW - ANW, USA, Maine Gulf KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Climate KW - Environmental impact KW - ANW, USA, New England KW - Catch/effort KW - Life history KW - ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Bight KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Fishing effort KW - Pressure KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/885057651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Shifting+species+assemblages+in+the+Northeast+US+Continental+Shelf+Large+Marine+Ecosystem&rft.au=Lucey%2C+Sean+M%3BNye%2C+Janet+A&rft.aulast=Lucey&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=415&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08743 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental impact; Fishing effort; Catch/effort; Life history; Monoclonal antibodies; Climate; Marine ecosystems; Pressure; ANW, Atlantic, Georges Bank; ANW, USA, Maine Gulf; ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Bight; ANW, USA, New England; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08743 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on Fire Characteristics in Over- and Underventilated Full-scale Compartments AN - 877594598; 13638126 AB - An experimental study was conducted to investigate the thermal, chemical, and flow environments of heptane fires in an ISO 9705 room. Fuel flow rates and vent size were manipulated to create overventilated fire (OVF) and underventilated fire (UVF) conditions. Numerical simulations were also performed, for the same conditions, with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Both OVF and UVF conditions were characterized with temperature distributions, and combustion product formation measured locally in the upper layer, as well as combustion efficiency and global equivalence ratio. It was shown that the numerical results agree quantitatively with measurements in both OVF and UVF. The internal flow pattern rotated in the opposite direction for the UVF relative to the OVF so that a portion of products recirculated to the inside of compartment. This flow pattern may affect changes in the complex processes of CO and soot formation inside the compartment due to an increase in the residence time of high-temperature products. The 3D flow structures including O sub(2) and CO distribution were visualized inside the underventilated compartment fire using FDS. It was observed that the two gas sample locations in the upper layer of the room were insufficient to completely characterize the internal structure of the compartment fire. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Hwang, Cheol-Hong AU - Lock, Andrew AU - Bundy, Matthew AU - Johnsson, Erik AU - Ko, Gwon Hyun AD - Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8661, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8663, USA, andrew.lock@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 459 EP - 486 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Combustion products KW - Fuels KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Flow rates KW - Combustion KW - Soot KW - Technology KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877594598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.atitle=Studies+on+Fire+Characteristics+in+Over-+and+Underventilated+Full-scale+Compartments&rft.au=Hwang%2C+Cheol-Hong%3BLock%2C+Andrew%3BBundy%2C+Matthew%3BJohnsson%2C+Erik%3BKo%2C+Gwon+Hyun&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=Cheol-Hong&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.issn=07349041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0734904110363106 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Soot; Combustion products; Fuels; Temperature; Simulation; Flow rates; Technology; Combustion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904110363106 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An absolute detector-based spectral radiance source AN - 875077331; 14781184 AB - We describe an absolute, spectrally tunable, detector-based broad-band radiometric calibration source whose uncertainties in spectral radiance may approach those of reference detectors, on the order of 0.1 % (k=1). This uncertainty in the spectral radiance of the source is a factor of two lower than the current uncertainty in radiance sources disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (NIST). These low uncertainties in radiance calibration sources are required for satellite sensors supporting climate change missions. For example, the uncertainty requirements for the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) sensor are approximately 0.2 % (k=1) in the silicon range. The conceptual framework of the source, characterization and radiance validation data and trending of the source radiance over time are described. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering AU - Brown, Steven W AU - Saunders, Robert D AU - Li, Zhigang AU - Fein, Abra AU - Barnes, Robert A AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA) Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 PB - SPIE, P.O. BOX 10 Bellingham WA 98227-0010 USA VL - 7807 SN - 0277-786X, 0277-786X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - USA KW - Silicon KW - Sensors KW - Climate change KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Technology KW - ENA 20:Weather Modification & Geophysical Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/875077331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.atitle=An+absolute+detector-based+spectral+radiance+source&rft.au=Brown%2C+Steven+W%3BSaunders%2C+Robert+D%3BLi%2C+Zhigang%3BFein%2C+Abra%3BBarnes%2C+Robert+A&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=7807&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicon; Sensors; Climate change; Remote sensing; Satellites; Technology; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing the shallow water refuge hypothesis in flatfish nurseries AN - 867738176; 14771830 AB - The 'shallow water refuge hypothesis' (SWRH) holds that predation upon juvenile fish and crustaceans is reduced in shallow water because larger predatory fish increase in abundance with depth. We tested predictions of this hypothesis in 2 Kodiak Island flatfish nurseries, Pillar Creek Cove and Holiday Beach, using baited camera, tethering and video sled techniques. Baited camera deployments during 2007 indicated that predators increased with depth in both nurseries. In the same year, tethering indicated increased mortality of juvenile flatfish with increased depth. In contrast, video sled data from 2003 and 2004 indicated that predator abundance increased with depth at Holiday Beach, but not at Pillar Creek Cove. At Holiday Beach, juvenile abundance decreased rapidly with depth, while at Pillar Creek Cove abundance increased slightly with depth. Thus, predator-predation distribution over 3 yr at Holiday Beach was consistent with the SWRH, while at Pillar Creek Cove it was more variable. Although the SWRH is normally considered in the context of waters <2 m in depth, our results suggest that it may have efficacy for deeper water, with the relative depth distribution of predators and suitable juvenile habitat being more relevant than absolute depth. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Ryer, CH AU - Laurel, B J AU - Stoner, A W AD - Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA, cliff.ryer@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 275 EP - 282 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA VL - 415 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Predation KW - Nursery grounds KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I. KW - Predators KW - Population dynamics KW - shallow water KW - Marine fish KW - Islands KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Beaches KW - Data processing KW - Refuges KW - Habitat KW - Creek KW - predators KW - crustaceans KW - Shallow water KW - Cameras KW - Fish KW - Mortality causes KW - abundance KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867738176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Testing+the+shallow+water+refuge+hypothesis+in+flatfish+nurseries&rft.au=Ryer%2C+CH%3BLaurel%2C+B+J%3BStoner%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Ryer&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=415&rft.issue=&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08732 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Refuges; Shallow water; Cameras; Nursery grounds; Population dynamics; Creek; Marine crustaceans; Mortality causes; Mortality; Beaches; Data processing; Islands; Predation; Abundance; Predators; Habitat; shallow water; crustaceans; Fish; predators; abundance; INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08732 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indian summer monsoon during the last two millennia AN - 861982462; 2011-033991 AB - The monsoon is a large-scale feature of the tropical atmospheric circulation, affecting people and economies in the world's most densely populated regions. Future trends due to natural variability and human-induced climate changes are uncertain. Paleoclimate records can improve our understanding of monsoon dynamics and thereby reduce this uncertainty. Paleoclimate records have revealed a dramatic decrease in the Asian summer monsoon since the early Holocene maximum 9 ka BP. Here we focus on the last 2 ka, where some records indicate an increasing trend in the summer monsoon. Analysing Globigerina bulloides upwelling records from the Arabian Sea, we find the weakest monsoon occurred 1500 a BP, with an increasing trend towards the present. Abstract Copyright (2010), Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JF - JQS. Journal of Quaternary Science AU - Anderson, David M AU - Baulcomb, Corinne K AU - Duvivier, Alice K AU - Gupta, Anil K Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 911 EP - 917 PB - John Wiley and Sons for the Quaternary Research Association, Chichester VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0267-8179, 0267-8179 KW - isotopes KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - cores KW - India KW - Globigerinacea KW - Foraminifera KW - Cenozoic KW - monsoons KW - marine sediments KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Indian Ocean KW - Indian Peninsula KW - Globigerina KW - carbon KW - Globigerinidae KW - sediments KW - absolute age KW - Invertebrata KW - Asia KW - uncertainty KW - climate KW - Protista KW - Quaternary KW - Rotaliina KW - Arabian Sea KW - paleoenvironment KW - marine environment KW - Globigerina bulloides KW - C-14 KW - upper Holocene KW - winds KW - microfossils KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 03:Geochronology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861982462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JQS.+Journal+of+Quaternary+Science&rft.atitle=Indian+summer+monsoon+during+the+last+two+millennia&rft.au=Anderson%2C+David+M%3BBaulcomb%2C+Corinne+K%3BDuvivier%2C+Alice+K%3BGupta%2C+Anil+K&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JQS.+Journal+of+Quaternary+Science&rft.issn=02678179&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjqs.1369 L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/2507 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; Arabian Sea; Asia; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; climate; cores; Foraminifera; Globigerina; Globigerina bulloides; Globigerinacea; Globigerinidae; Holocene; India; Indian Ocean; Indian Peninsula; Invertebrata; isotopes; marine environment; marine sediments; microfossils; monsoons; paleoclimatology; paleoenvironment; Protista; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; Rotaliina; sediments; uncertainty; upper Holocene; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1369 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem-Based Management for the Oceans AN - 860379001; 13824922 JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Ballance, Lisa T AU - Whitty, Tara AD - 1Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, 92037, U.S.A. Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 780 EP - 781 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Resource management KW - Oceans KW - Restoration KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860379001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Ecosystem-Based+Management+for+the+Oceans&rft.au=Ballance%2C+Lisa+T%3BWhitty%2C+Tara&rft.aulast=Ballance&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=780&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1526-100X.2010.00732.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Restoration; Oceans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00732.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coral growth with thermal stress and ocean acidification: lessons from the eastern tropical Pacific AN - 860372703; 13704078 AB - The rapid growth of scleractinian corals is responsible for the persistence of coral reefs through time. Coral growth rates have declined over the past 30years in the western Pacific, Indian, and North Atlantic Oceans. The spatial scale of this decline has led researchers to suggest that a global phenomenon like ocean acidification may be responsible. A multi-species inventory of coral growth from Pacific Panama confirms that declines have occurred in some, but not all species. Linear extension declined significantly in the most important reef builder of the eastern tropical Pacific, Pocillopora damicornis, by nearly one-third from 1974 to 2006. The rate of decline in skeletal extension for P. damicornis from Pacific Panama (0.9% year super(-1)) was nearly identical to massive Porites in the Indo-Pacific over the past 20-30years (0.89-1.23% year super(-1)). The branching pocilloporid corals have shown an increased tolerance to recurrent thermal stress events in Panama, but appear to be susceptible to acidification. In contrast, the massive pavonid corals have shown less tolerance to thermal stress, but may be less sensitive to acidification. These differing sensitivities will be a fundamental determinant of eastern tropical Pacific coral reef community structure with accelerating climate change that has implications for the future of reef communities worldwide. JF - Coral Reefs AU - Manzello, D P AD - UM/CIMAS, NOAA/AOML/OCD, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL, 33149, USA, Derek.Manzello@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 749 EP - 758 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0722-4028, 0722-4028 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Porites KW - Growth rate KW - Sensitivity KW - Climate change KW - Stress KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - IS, Tropical Pacific KW - coral reefs KW - Scleractinia KW - spatial distribution KW - Community composition KW - Pocillopora damicornis KW - ASW, Panama KW - Community structure KW - Oceans KW - Coral reefs KW - Tropical environment KW - I, Indo-Pacific KW - Acidification KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860372703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coral+Reefs&rft.atitle=Coral+growth+with+thermal+stress+and+ocean+acidification%3A+lessons+from+the+eastern+tropical+Pacific&rft.au=Manzello%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Manzello&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coral+Reefs&rft.issn=07224028&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00338-010-0623-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Community composition; Tropical environment; Coral reefs; Climate change; Acidification; Sensitivity; spatial distribution; Community structure; Oceans; Stress; coral reefs; Scleractinia; Porites; Pocillopora damicornis; ASW, Panama; I, Indo-Pacific; AN, North Atlantic; IS, Tropical Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0623-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpreting dual ELISA and qPCR data for bacterial kidney disease of salmonids AN - 860372648; 13712203 AB - Although there are a variety of methods available for the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease in salmon and trout, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is probably the most widely used method. However, ELISA measures bacterial antigen, which does not necessarily reflect the number of cells present. We hypothesized that dual analysis of kidney tissue by ELISA and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) would provide complementary information about antigen level and the number of bacterial genomes. We found that DNA extracted from the insoluble fraction of the ELISA tissue preparation produced the same qPCR result as DNA extracted directly from frozen tissue, permitting true dual analysis of the same tissue sample. We examined kidney tissue in this manner from individual free-ranging juvenile Chinook salmon and antibiotic-treated captive subadult Chinook salmon and observed 3 different patterns of results. Among the majority of fish, there was a strong correlation between the ELISA value and the qPCR value. However, subsets of fish exhibited either low ELISA values with elevated qPCR values or higher ELISA values with very low qPCR values. These observations suggest a conceptual model that allows inferences about the state of infection of individual fish based on dual ELISA/qPCR results. Although this model requires further assessment through experimental infections and treatments, it may have utility in broodstock selection programs that currently apply egg-culling practices based on ELISA alone. JF - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms AU - Nance, Shelly L AU - Riederer, Michael AU - Zubkowski, Tyler AU - Trudel, Marc AU - Rhodes, Linda D AD - Aquatic Farms, Ltd., 49-139 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA, linda.rhodes@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 113 EP - 119 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany IS - 2 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Bacterial kidney disease KW - Renibacterium salmoninarum KW - Diagnostic assays KW - ELISA KW - qPCR KW - Infection state KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - Genomes KW - Bacteria KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Experimental infection KW - Data processing KW - Anadromous species KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Kidney diseases KW - Kidneys KW - Antigens KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Disease detection KW - Salmonidae KW - Brood stocks KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860372648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.atitle=Interpreting+dual+ELISA+and+qPCR+data+for+bacterial+kidney+disease+of+salmonids&rft.au=Nance%2C+Shelly+L%3BRiederer%2C+Michael%3BZubkowski%2C+Tyler%3BTrudel%2C+Marc%3BRhodes%2C+Linda+D&rft.aulast=Nance&rft.aufirst=Shelly&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fdao02252 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Antigens; Nucleotide sequence; Anadromous species; DNA; ELISA; Disease detection; Kidneys; Brood stocks; Experimental infection; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Data processing; Kidney diseases; Polymerase chain reaction; Bacteria; Renibacterium salmoninarum; Salmonidae; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02252 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of errors in the altimetric bathymetry model used by Google Earth and GEBCO AN - 857810074; 2011-029731 AB - We analyze errors in the global bathymetry models of Smith and Sandwell that combine satellite altimetry with acoustic soundings and shorelines to estimate depths. Versions of these models have been incorporated into Google Earth and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). We use Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) multibeam surveys not previously incorporated into the models as "ground truth" to compare against model versions 7.2 through 12.1, defining vertical differences as "errors." Overall error statistics improve over time: 50th percentile errors declined from 57 to 55 to 49 m, and 90th percentile errors declined from 257 to 235 to 219 m, in versions 8.2, 11.1 and 12.1. This improvement is partly due to an increasing number of soundings incorporated into successive models, and partly to improvements in the satellite gravity model. Inspection of specific sites reveals that changes in the algorithms used to interpolate across survey gaps with altimetry have affected some errors. Versions 9.1 through 11.1 show a bias in the scaling from gravity in milliGals to topography in meters that affected the 15-160 km wavelength band. Regionally averaged (>160 km wavelength) depths have accumulated error over successive versions 9 through 11. These problems have been mitigated in version 12.1, which shows no systematic variation of errors with depth. Even so, version 12.1 is in some respects not as good as version 8.2, which employed a different algorithm. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. (outside the USA) JF - Marine Geophysical Research AU - Marks, Karen M AU - Smith, W H F AU - Sandwell, D T Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 223 EP - 238 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0025-3235, 0025-3235 KW - errors KW - Google Earth KW - geophysical surveys KW - geophysical methods KW - surveys KW - altimetry KW - bathymetry KW - satellite methods KW - world ocean KW - remote sensing KW - GEBCO KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/857810074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+errors+in+the+altimetric+bathymetry+model+used+by+Google+Earth+and+GEBCO&rft.au=Marks%2C+Karen+M%3BSmith%2C+W+H+F%3BSandwell%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=00253235&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11001-010-9102-0 L2 - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/mari LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MGYRA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; bathymetry; errors; GEBCO; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; Google Earth; remote sensing; satellite methods; surveys; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11001-010-9102-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using food web model results to inform stock assessment estimates of mortality and production for ecosystem-based fisheries management AN - 856787010; 14300882 AB - Examining food web relationships for commercially important species enhances fisheries management by identifying sources of variability in mortality and production that are not included in standard single-species stock assessments. We use a static mass-balance model to evaluate relationships between species in a large marine ecosystem, the coastal Gulf of Alaska, USA. We focus on food web relationships for four case-study species: Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), longnose skate (Raja rhina), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), and squids (order Teuthoidea). For each, we present the species' position within the food web, evaluate fishing mortality relative to predation mortality, and evaluate diet compositions. We find that high trophic level (TL) species, whether commercially valuable (halibut) or incidentally caught (skates), have mortality patterns consistent with single-species assessment assumptions, where fishing mortality dominates natural mortality. However, assessments for commercially valuable (pollock) or incidentally caught (squids) mid-TL species can be enhanced by including food web derived predation information because fishing mortality is small compared with high and variable predation mortality. Finally, we outline food web relationships that suggest how production of species may change with diet composition or prey availability.Original Abstract: L'examen des relations trophiques chez les poissons d'interet commercial ameliore la gestion des peches en identifiant les sources de variabilite de la mortalite et de la production qui ne sont pas incluses dans les evaluations monospecifiques courantes des stocks. Nous utilisons un modele de bilan massique statique pour evaluer les relations entre les especes dans un grand ecosysteme marin, la region cotiere du golfe de l'Alaska, E.-U. Nous nous interessons aux relations trophiques de quatre especes representatives, le fletan du Pacifique (Hippoglossus stenolepis), le pocheteau long-nez (Raja rhina), la goberge de l'Alaska (Theragra chalcogramma) et les calmars (ordre Teuthoidea). Pour chacune, nous presentons la position de l'espece dans le reseau alimentaire, nous evaluons la mortalite due a la peche par comparaison a la mortalite due a la predation et nous determinons la composition du regime alimentaire. Les especes de haut niveau trophique, qu'elles soient commercialement interessantes (fletan) or capturees en passant (raies), ont des patrons de mortalite qui concordent avec les presuppositions des evaluations monospecifiques, lorsque la mortalite due a la peche domine la mortalite naturelle. Cependant, les evaluations des especes de niveau trophique intermediaire d'importance commerciale (goberge) ou de capture accessoire (calmars) peuvent etre ameliorees en incluant les renseignements sur la predation obtenus dans le reseau alimentaire, parce que la mortalite due a la peche est basse par rapport a la mortalite due a la predation qui est forte et variable. Nous soulignons, enfin, des relations trophiques qui indiquent comment la production des especes peut changer en fonction de la composition du regime alimentaire et de la disponibilite des proies. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Gaichas, Sarah K AU - Aydin, Kerim Y AU - Francis, Robert C AD - Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, NOAA NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Building 4, Seattle, WA 98115, USA., Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 1490 EP - 1506 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 9 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Predation KW - Models KW - Fishery management KW - Teuthoidea KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Raja rhina KW - food webs KW - stock assessment KW - Food webs KW - Prey KW - Diets KW - Mortality KW - Theragra chalcogramma KW - Stock assessment KW - fishery management KW - prey KW - Hippoglossus stenolepis KW - Mortality patterns KW - Trophic levels KW - fishing KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856787010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Using+food+web+model+results+to+inform+stock+assessment+estimates+of+mortality+and+production+for+ecosystem-based+fisheries+management&rft.au=Gaichas%2C+Sarah+K%3BAydin%2C+Kerim+Y%3BFrancis%2C+Robert+C&rft.aulast=Gaichas&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-071 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Mortality; Fishery management; Stock assessment; Predation; Marine ecosystems; Trophic levels; Prey; Food webs; Models; prey; fishery management; fishing; Mortality patterns; stock assessment; food webs; Theragra chalcogramma; Teuthoidea; Raja rhina; Hippoglossus stenolepis; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-071 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and application of an empirical multifrequency method for backscatter classification AN - 856786703; 14300886 AB - We evaluated the feasibility of identifying major acoustic scatters in North Pacific ecosystems based on empirical measurements of relative frequency response. Acoustic measurements in areas where trawl catches were dominated by single taxa indicated that it might be possible to discern among key groups of scatterers such as fish with gas-filled swimbladders, euphausiids, myctophids, and jellyfish. To establish if walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), a key species in the ecosystem, can be separated reliably from other groups under prevailing conditions, we developed a method based on the normal deviate (or Z score) to identify backscatter consistent with the pollock relative frequency response. We evaluated the performance of the method by comparing it with the traditional method of species identification (i.e., directed trawl catches and subjective interpretation of echograms) during five large-scale acoustic surveys of the eastern Bering Sea. Pollock abundance estimates employing the multifrequency method were highly correlated with those using the traditional method, which indicates that the multifrequency method performs well in this situation. In this environment, multifrequency methods will allow more inferences to be drawn when direct sampling of organisms is limited and will also complement existing abundance surveys by improving species classification and providing information about key nontarget species.Original Abstract: Nous evaluons la faisabilite d'identifier les principales retrodiffusions acoustiques dans les ecosystemes du Pacifique Nord, d'apres des mesures empiriques des frequences relatives des reponses. Les mesures acoustiques dans les regions dans lesquelles les prises au chalut sont dominees par un seul taxon indiquent qu'il devrait etre possible de discerner les groupes principaux d'organismes responsables de la retrodiffusion, tels que les poissons avec vessie natatoire remplie de gaz, les euphausiides, les myctophides et les meduses. Afin d'etablir si la goberge de l'Alaska (Theragra chalcogramma), une espece dominante de l'ecosysteme, peut etre distinguee de facon fiable des autres groupes dans les conditions actuelles, nous avons mis au point une methode basee sur l'ecart normal (ou cote Z) pour identifier la retrodiffusion correspondant aux frequences relatives des reponses de la goberge. Nous avons evalue la performance de la methode en la comparant avec la methode traditionnelle d'identification des especes (c'est-a-dire des recoltes dirigees au chalut et une interpretation subjective des echogrammes) durant cinq inventaires acoustiques a grande echelle dans l'est de la mer de Bering. Il existe une forte correlation entre les estimations de l'abondance des goberges de l'Alaska basees sur la methode des frequences multiples et celles tirees de la methode traditionnelle, ce qui indique que la methode des frequences multiples fonctionne bien dans les circonstances. Dans cet environnement, les methodes des frequences multiples permettront de faire plus de deductions lorsque l'echantillonnage direct des organismes est restreint et elles viendront completer les inventaires actuels d'abondance en ameliorant la classification des especes et fournissant des renseignements sur les especes importantes non ciblees. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Robertis, Alex De AU - McKelvey, Denise R AU - Ressler, Patrick H AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA., Alex.DeRobertis@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 1459 EP - 1474 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 9 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Ecosystems KW - Abundance KW - taxa KW - Marine fish KW - Sound measurement KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Classification KW - Fishery surveys KW - Acoustic measurements KW - Sampling KW - Swim bladder KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Theragra chalcogramma KW - Backscatter KW - Acoustics KW - Stock assessment KW - Catch statistics KW - Frequency dependence KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - classification KW - Echo surveys KW - Fish KW - abundance KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Development+and+application+of+an+empirical+multifrequency+method+for+backscatter+classification&rft.au=Robertis%2C+Alex+De%3BMcKelvey%2C+Denise+R%3BRessler%2C+Patrick+H&rft.aulast=Robertis&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-075 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sound measurement; Marine fish; Backscatter; Classification; Fishery surveys; Stock assessment; Echo surveys; Catch statistics; Swim bladder; Acoustics; Abundance; Sampling; Frequency dependence; Feasibility studies; catches; Ecosystems; classification; Fish; taxa; Acoustic measurements; abundance; Theragra chalcogramma; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of a supplementation program on the genetic and life history characteristics of an Oncorhynchus mykiss population AN - 856786668; 14300884 AB - Conservation hatcheries, which supplement natural populations by removing adults or embryos from the natural environment and rearing and releasing parr, smolts, or adults back into their natal or ancestral streams, are increasingly being used to avoid extinction of localized populations of Pacific salmonids. We collected data before and during a steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) supplementation program to investigate the effect that the program has had on the population's genetic diversity and effective population size and any changes to an important life history trait (residency or anadromy). We found that supplementation did not cause substantial changes in the genetic diversity or effective size of the population, most likely because a large proportion of all of the steelhead redds in the river each year were sampled to create the supplementation broodstock. Our data also showed that the captively reared fish released as adults successfully produced parr. Furthermore, we found that during supplementation, there was an increase in the proportion of O. mykiss with anadromous ancestry vs. resident ancestry.Original Abstract: Pour eviter l'extinction de populations locales particulieres de salmonides du Pacifique, on utilise de plus en plus souvent des piscicultures de conservation, qui suppleent les populations naturelles en retirant des adultes ou des embryons du milieu naturel et les elevant en captivite avant de remettre des tacons, des saumoneaux ou des adultes dans les cours d'eau natals ou ancestraux. Nous avons recolte des donnees avant et durant un programme de supplementation de truites arc-en-ciel anadromes (Oncorhynchus mykiss) afin d'etudier les effets du programme sur la diversite genetique et la taille effective de la population, ainsi que les changements dans un des traits importants du cycle biologique (sedentarite ou anadromie). La supplementation ne produit pas de changements substantiels dans la diversite genetique ni dans la taille effective de la population, tres vraisemblablement parce qu'une forte proportion de l'ensemble des frayeres de truites arc-en-ciel anadromes dans la riviere a ete echantillonnee chaque annee pour creer le stock reproducteur de supplementation. Nos donnees montrent aussi que les poissons eleves en captivite et liberes au stade adulte produisent des tacons avec succes. De plus, durant la supplementation, il y a une augmentation de la proportion d'O. mykiss d'ascendance anadrome plutot que d'ascendance sedentaire. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Van Doornik, Donald M AU - Berejikian, Barry A AU - Campbell, Lance A AU - Volk, Eric C AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, P.O. Box 130, Manchester, WA 98353, USA., don.vandoornik@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 1449 EP - 1458 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 9 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Anadromous species KW - Genetic diversity KW - Streams KW - Supplementation KW - Population genetics KW - I, Pacific KW - extinction KW - Embryos KW - anadromy KW - Brood stocks KW - Fish culture KW - Rivers KW - Redds KW - Data processing KW - Extinction KW - Smolts KW - life history KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - genetic diversity KW - natural populations KW - Hatcheries KW - population genetics KW - Life history KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+a+supplementation+program+on+the+genetic+and+life+history+characteristics+of+an+Oncorhynchus+mykiss+population&rft.au=Van+Doornik%2C+Donald+M%3BBerejikian%2C+Barry+A%3BCampbell%2C+Lance+A%3BVolk%2C+Eric+C&rft.aulast=Van+Doornik&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=1205-7533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-073 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 59 N1 - Last updated - 2015-01-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Redds; Population genetics; Life history; Anadromous species; Smolts; Genetic diversity; Brood stocks; Streams; Fish culture; Rivers; Hatcheries; Data processing; Extinction; Conservation; Embryos; anadromy; Supplementation; population genetics; life history; extinction; genetic diversity; Fish; natural populations; Oncorhynchus mykiss; I, Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-073 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of an Oral Aflatoxin Dose That Acutely Impairs Hepatic Function in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia) AN - 851472645; 14074765 AB - Aflatoxin B1 is a common hepatotoxin in birds. The goal of this study was to establish an acute model for hepatotoxicosis and decreased hepatic function in the white Carneaux pigeon (Columba livia) via oral administration of this mycotoxin. Aflatoxin B1 was orally administered at a dose of 3mg/kg dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to 3 groups of pigeons every 24hours for 2, 4, and 6 consecutive days, respectively. Diagnostic modalities used to evaluate hepatic damage and impaired hepatic function pre- and postaflatoxin administration included liver enzyme activity, bile acid levels, scintigraphy, and histopathologic evaluation of liver biopsy specimens. Deaths occurred in all groups, increasing with the number of consecutive days the aflatoxin B1 was dosed. Significant histopathologic lesions were seen on evaluation of hepatic tissue from each group after accumulated aflatoxin exposure (P < .05); therefore, an oral aflatoxin B1 dose of 3mg/kg given for 2 consecutive days was selected for the purpose of inducing acute hepatic damage while minimizing mortality. However, although increased liver enzyme activity indicated hepatocellular damage at this dosage, bile acids testing and hepatobiliary scintigraphy did not show significantly decreased hepatic function. JF - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery AU - Hadley, Tarah L AU - Grizzle, Judith AU - Rotstein, David S AU - Perrin, Shannon AU - Gerhardt, Lillian E AU - Beam, James D AU - Saxton, Arnold M AU - Jones, Michael P AU - Daniel, Gregory B AD - From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hadley, Gerhardt, Beam, Jones, Daniel), Animal Science (Grizzle, Perrin, Saxton), and Pathobiology (Rotstein), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Present address: Atlanta Hospital for Birds and Exotics, 2274 Salem Rd, 106-149, Conyers, GA 30013, USA (Hadley); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA (Daniel); University of Tennessee Extension, 602 John Deere Dr, Maynardville, TN, 37807-3510, USA (Perrin); and US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA (Rotstein). Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 210 EP - 221 PB - Association of Avian Veterinarians VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1082-6742, 1082-6742 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - Mortality KW - Aflatoxins KW - Oral administration KW - Enzymes KW - Biopsy KW - Scintigraphy KW - Mycotoxins KW - Bile acids KW - Liver KW - Dimethyl sulfoxide KW - Columba livia KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851472645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Avian+Medicine+and+Surgery&rft.atitle=Determination+of+an+Oral+Aflatoxin+Dose+That+Acutely+Impairs+Hepatic+Function+in+Domestic+Pigeons+%28Columba+livia%29&rft.au=Hadley%2C+Tarah+L%3BGrizzle%2C+Judith%3BRotstein%2C+David+S%3BPerrin%2C+Shannon%3BGerhardt%2C+Lillian+E%3BBeam%2C+James+D%3BSaxton%2C+Arnold+M%3BJones%2C+Michael+P%3BDaniel%2C+Gregory+B&rft.aulast=Hadley&rft.aufirst=Tarah&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Avian+Medicine+and+Surgery&rft.issn=10826742&rft_id=info:doi/10.1647%2F2008-021.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aflatoxin B1; Mortality; Mycotoxins; Bile acids; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Oral administration; Aflatoxins; Liver; Enzymes; Biopsy; Scintigraphy; Columba livia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/2008-021.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Ohio River Community HEC-RAS Model AN - 847437553; 13806423 AB - In this paper we describe the Ohio River Community HEC-RAS Model (Model) and include some preliminary results. The Model is a cooperative effort involving the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS), Ohio River Forecast Center (OHRFC) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Great Lakes and Ohio River Division (LRD), Water Management Division. Initial planning to develop a community unsteady flow model for the mainstem of the Ohio River using the USASE HEC-RAS model began in late 2006. The purpose of collaborating on the development of the joint model was that, when completed, both agencies could independently use the model for operational/forecast purposes, yet share in the development effort, which is substantial. While the Model is now complete, continued enhancements and extensions are anticipated, such as modeling reaches of major tributaries like the Cumberland and Kanawha Rivers. Subsequent changes by one agency will be passed back to the other agency in order to maintain consistency, so that future development can be easily shared. The scope of the modeling effort includes 20 locks and dams on the Ohio River, with storage areas and lateral structures such as levees, as well as bridges. The Model is comprised of over 2800 cross-sections, spanning approximately 1300 miles of modeled reach. The downstream boundaries are Chester, IL for the upstream portion on the Mississippi River and Caruthersville, MO for the downstream portion on the Mississippi River. The upstream boundaries include Braddock Lock and Dam, WV on the Monongahela River and Natrona, PA on the Allegheny River. The Model requires lateral and tributary inflows and is run in real-time; for the OHRFC the lateral and tributary inflows result from runoff produced by both observed and forecasted precipitation. Laterally, Model cross-sections extend to the 500-year floodplain limits, except for Mississippi River reaches that only extend to the USACE levees. Model development involved substantial geographic information system (GIS) data preparation to obtain consistent vertical and horizontal datums between the various data sets used. Digital elevation model (DEM) data sources included U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 10 meter DEM, and Lidar data provided by the USACE, and local and state agencies. Bathymetric and in-channel cross- section data were provided by the USACE. Every effort was made to include the best available data, and. it is anticipated that substantial improvements will be made in the future by the use of higher resolution data sets. AU - Adams, Thomas AU - Chen, Sherry AU - Davis, Raymond AU - Schade, Trent AU - Lee, Deborah AD - NOAA/NWS/Ohio River Forecast Center, 1901 S. State Route 134, Wilmington, OH 45177 Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 1512 EP - 1523 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oncogenes & Growth Factors Abstracts KW - Ohio River KW - Stormwater management KW - Great Lakes KW - Cross-sections KW - USA, New York, Allegheny R. KW - Models KW - Dams KW - USA, Pennsylvania, Monongahela R. KW - Downstream KW - Tributaries KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - Rivers KW - Weather KW - Locks KW - Data processing KW - Precipitation KW - Model Studies KW - North America, Mississippi R. KW - USA, West Virginia, Kanawha R. KW - Water management KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Boundaries KW - USA, Kentucky, Ohio R. KW - Geographic information systems KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - B 26660:Miscellaneous Oncogenes & Growth Factors KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/847437553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Ohio+River+Community+HEC-RAS+Model&rft.au=Adams%2C+Thomas%3BChen%2C+Sherry%3BDavis%2C+Raymond%3BSchade%2C+Trent%3BLee%2C+Deborah&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1512&rft.isbn=9780784411148&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F41114%28371%29160 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Weather; Data processing; Dams; Water management; Boundaries; Precipitation; Geographic information systems; Models; Locks; Cross-sections; Downstream; Tributaries; Geographical Information Systems; Model Studies; North America, Mississippi R.; USA, West Virginia, Kanawha R.; USA, Pennsylvania, Monongahela R.; North America, Great Lakes; USA, New York, Allegheny R.; USA, Kentucky, Ohio R. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)160 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The utilization of a Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus nerka subsidy by three populations of charr Salvelinus spp. AN - 839689256; 13823467 AB - The LF-at-age trajectories differentiated two populations of Dolly Varden charr Salvelinus malma and a population of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from the eastern end of Iliamna Lake, Alaska. Salvelinus malma from the Pedro Bay ponds were the smallest for a given age, followed by Salvelinus alpinus from the lake, and S. malma from the Iliamna River were much larger. The utilization of a large sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka subsidy by the three Salvelinus spp. populations was then investigated by comparing diet data and mixing model (MixSIR) outputs based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Stomach contents indicated that both S. malma populations fed on O. nerka products, especially eggs and larval Diptera that had scavenged O. nerka carcasses, whereas S. alpinus fed on a variety of prey items such as three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus and snails. Stable-isotope analysis corroborated the diet data; the two S. malma populations incorporated more O. nerka-derived nutrients into their tissues than did S. alpinus from the lake, although all populations showed substantial utilization of O. nerka-derived resources. Salvelinus alpinus also seemed to be much more omnivorous, as shown by stable-isotope mixing models, than the S. malma populations. The dramatic differences in growth rate between the two S. malma populations, despite similar trophic patterns, indicate that other important genetic or environmental factors affect their life history, including proximate temperature controls and ultimate predation pressures. JF - Journal of Fish Biology AU - Denton, K P AU - Rich, H B AU - Moore, J W AU - Quinn, T P AD - *School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. 1, keith.denton@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 1006 EP - 1023 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1112, 0022-1112 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Iliamna Lake KW - length at age KW - MixSIR KW - polymorphism KW - stable isotopes KW - Food organisms KW - Isotopes KW - Age KW - Salvelinus malma KW - Anadromous species KW - Predation KW - Salvelinus alpinus KW - Nutrients KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Environmental factors KW - Eggs KW - Ponds KW - Models KW - Gasterosteus aculeatus KW - Population genetics KW - Lakes KW - Carbon KW - Carcasses KW - Oncorhynchus nerka KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Pressure KW - USA, Alaska, Iliamna L. KW - Prey KW - Rivers KW - Growth rate KW - Diets KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Pedro Bay KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Salvelinus KW - Life history KW - Diptera KW - Stomach KW - Nitrogen KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839689256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.atitle=The+utilization+of+a+Pacific+salmon+Oncorhynchus+nerka+subsidy+by+three+populations+of+charr+Salvelinus+spp.&rft.au=Denton%2C+K+P%3BRich%2C+H+B%3BMoore%2C+J+W%3BQuinn%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Denton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.issn=00221112&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2010.02746.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Food organisms; Population genetics; Carcasses; Anadromous species; Estuaries; Brackishwater environment; Freshwater fish; Ponds; Diets; Growth rate; Rivers; Age; Isotopes; Data processing; Predation; Nutrients; Environmental factors; Eggs; Models; Lakes; Life history; Carbon; Pressure; Prey; Stomach; Nitrogen; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Salvelinus malma; Oncorhynchus nerka; Salvelinus alpinus; Diptera; Salvelinus; INE, USA, Alaska, Pedro Bay; INE, USA, Alaska; USA, Alaska, Iliamna L.; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02746.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Reconciliation of Health Care Expenditures in the National Health Expenditures Accounts and in Gross Domestic Product AN - 831088994; 2010-635490 AB - The size and scope of the recently passed Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act highlights the importance of health care spending to our economy. Understanding and accounting for health care spending in a comprehensive and consistent way continues to be of paramount importance to researchers, policymakers, and business leaders. Much of this attention results from the dramatic increase in the share of the economy devoted to health care over the past half-century, from 5.2 percent in 1960 to 16.2 percent in 2008, as well as the expectation that the share will increase to more than 19 percent by 2019. To gain insights into the consumption of medical goods and services, the financing of these purchases, and the share of our nation's economic output that is devoted to health care spending, it is important to understand and reconcile different, widely cited estimates of health care expenditures. This article presents a summarized overview of a new working paper, "Health Care Expenditures in the National Health Expenditures Accounts and in Gross Domestic Product: A Reconciliation.". Adapted from the source document. JF - Survey of Current Business AU - Hartman, Micah B AU - Kornfeld, Robert J AU - Catlin, Aaron C AD - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 42 EP - 52 PB - Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Dept of Commerce VL - 90 IS - 9 SN - 0039-6222, 0039-6222 KW - Health conditions and policy - Medicine and health care KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Law and ethics - Law and jurisprudence KW - Health conditions and policy - Health and health policy KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - United States KW - Cost KW - Economic development KW - Medical service KW - Legislation KW - Public health KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831088994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.atitle=A+Reconciliation+of+Health+Care+Expenditures+in+the+National+Health+Expenditures+Accounts+and+in+Gross+Domestic+Product&rft.au=Hartman%2C+Micah+B%3BKornfeld%2C+Robert+J%3BCatlin%2C+Aaron+C&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=Micah&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Survey+of+Current+Business&rft.issn=00396222&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-11 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical service; Cost; Legislation; United States; Public health; Economic development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bilingual Questionnaire Evaluation and Development through Mixed Pretesting Methods: The Case of the U.S. Census Nonresponse Followup Instrument AN - 822519146; 201068000 AB - The objective of this research was to develop & improve a Nonresponse Followup (NRFU) instrument for the U.S. Census. This research is unique because multiple pretesting methods were used in the development of an instrument in two different languages: English & Spanish. This article discusses results of three rounds of English cognitive testing, two rounds of Spanish cognitive testing, two rounds of behavior coding of the instrument in both languages, & an observational study in the field in both languages. The application of mixed pretesting methods to the development of one survey instrument is an all-too-uncommon situation. This article presents lessons learned about the types of findings made possible by the different pretesting methods, & offers the unique opportunity to examine issues of equivalency between a source & a translated version of a survey instrument through multiple measures. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Official Statistics AU - Childs, Jennifer AU - Goerman, Patricia AD - U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Survey Methods Research, Statistical Research Division, Washington, DC jennifer.hunter.childs@cnesus.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 535 EP - 557 PB - Statistics Sweden, Orebro, Sweden VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0282-423X, 0282-423X KW - Bilingual questionnaire development, pretesting methods, cognitive interviewing, behavior coding, observational study KW - Cognitive Development KW - Cognition KW - article KW - 0104: methodology and research technology; research methods/tools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/822519146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Official+Statistics&rft.atitle=Bilingual+Questionnaire+Evaluation+and+Development+through+Mixed+Pretesting+Methods%3A+The+Case+of+the+U.S.+Census+Nonresponse+Followup+Instrument&rft.au=Childs%2C+Jennifer%3BGoerman%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Official+Statistics&rft.issn=0282423X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-16 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cognition; Cognitive Development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of the Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM): Application to Lake Erie in 2003-2004 AN - 817606450; 13941312 AB - To simulate ice and water circulation in Lake Erie over a yearly cycle, a Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM) was developed by applying a Coupled Ice-Ocean Model (CIOM) with a 2-km resolution grid. The hourly surface wind stress and thermodynamic forcings for input into the GLIM are derived from meteorological measurements interpolated onto the 2-km model grids. The seasonal cycles for ice concentration, thickness, velocity, and other variables are well reproduced in the 2003/04 ice season. Satellite measurements of ice cover were used to validate GLIM with a mean bias deviation (MBD) of 7.4%. The seasonal cycle for lake surface temperature is well reproduced in comparison to the satellite measurements with a MBD of 1.5%. Additional sensitivity experiments further confirm the important impacts of ice cover on lake water temperature and water level variations. Furthermore, a period including an extreme cooling (due to a cold air outbreak) and an extreme warming event in February 2004 was examined to test GLIM's response to rapidly-changing synoptic forcing. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Wang, Jia AU - Hu, Haoguo AU - Schwab, David AU - Leshkevich, George AU - Beletsky, Dmitry AU - Hawley, Nathan AU - Clites, Anne AD - NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), 4840 S. State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA, jia.wang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 425 EP - 436 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research, 2205 Commonwealth Boulevard Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Surface winds KW - Wind stress KW - Surface temperatures KW - Water Temperature KW - Remote sensing KW - Freshwater KW - Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models KW - North America, Erie L. KW - Water temperatures KW - Water levels KW - Lakes KW - water circulation KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Seasonal variability KW - Seasonal variations KW - Wind KW - Great Lakes research KW - Ice Thickness KW - Modelling KW - Temperature effects KW - Ice KW - Ice Cover KW - Thermodynamics KW - Stress KW - Velocity KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Cold air outbreaks KW - Water Level KW - Satellites KW - Model Studies KW - Meteorological measurements KW - Lake ice KW - water levels KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Ice cover KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q2 09163:Air-water boundary layer KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817606450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+Great+Lakes+Ice-circulation+Model+%28GLIM%29%3A+Application+to+Lake+Erie+in+2003-2004&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jia%3BHu%2C+Haoguo%3BSchwab%2C+David%3BLeshkevich%2C+George%3BBeletsky%2C+Dmitry%3BHawley%2C+Nathan%3BClites%2C+Anne&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jia&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jglr.2010.04.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind stress; Water levels; Temperature effects; Lake ice; Thermodynamics; Seasonal variations; Ice cover; Modelling; Surface winds; Meteorological measurements; Surface temperatures; Cold air outbreaks; Atmospheric circulation; Seasonal variability; Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models; Great Lakes research; Water temperatures; Ice; water circulation; Lakes; water levels; Sulfur dioxide; Remote sensing; Velocity; Satellites; Water Temperature; Ice Cover; Stress; Water Level; Wind; Ice Thickness; Model Studies; North America, Great Lakes; North America, Erie L.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2010.04.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smolt Transformation in Two California Steelhead Populations: Effects of Temporal Variability in Growth AN - 815538241; 13848052 AB - We tested the effect of temporal patterns in food supply on life history decisions in coastal steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus from a Central California coastal (CCC) population (Scott Creek) and a Northern California Central Valley (NCCV) population (upper Sacramento River basin). We manipulated growth through feeding experiments conducted from May to the following March using warm (2006 cohort) and cool (2007 cohort) temperature regimes. Survival in seawater challenges just before the time of typical juvenile emigration provided an index of steelhead smolt versus nonsmolt life history pathways. Survival varied significantly with fish size (with larger fish being more likely to survive than smaller fish) and by source population (with CCC steelhead being more likely to survive than NCCV steelhead of the same size). The timing of increased food supply (treatment group) did not significantly affect seawater survival rates in either NCCV or CCC steelhead. For both strains, the eventual survivors of seawater challenges (putative smolts) diverged from the eventual mortalities (putative nonsmolts) in both size and growth rate by June in both years, suggesting that the initial growth advantages were maintained throughout the experiments. A significant divergence in condition factor between smolts and nonsmolts by December matched the expected morphological transition of smolts, which showed faster growth in length than weight compared with nonsmolts. The apparent timing of the decision window, several months before the typical period of smolt emigration, matches the patterns observed for other salmonids. In coastal California, this decision must occur before fish have had the opportunity to take advantage of improved winter-early spring feeding conditions. These results support the role of early growth opportunity in life history decisions and provide insight into the applicability of life history models for managing California steelhead. JF - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society AU - Beakes, Michael P AU - Satterthwaite, William H AU - Collins, Erin M AU - Swank, David R AU - Merz, Joseph E AU - Titus, Robert G AU - Sogard, Susan M AU - Mangel, Marc AD - Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; and National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA, michael.beakes@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 1263 EP - 1275 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 139 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8487, 0002-8487 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Emigration KW - Food KW - Survival KW - Freshwater KW - Models KW - Marine environment KW - Body size KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth rate KW - Mortality KW - Feeding KW - Temporal variations KW - USA, California, Sacramento R. basin KW - Smolts KW - River basins KW - Strains KW - Condition factor KW - Life history KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus KW - Feeding experiments KW - USA, California, Central Valley KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815538241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.atitle=Smolt+Transformation+in+Two+California+Steelhead+Populations%3A+Effects+of+Temporal+Variability+in+Growth&rft.au=Beakes%2C+Michael+P%3BSatterthwaite%2C+William+H%3BCollins%2C+Erin+M%3BSwank%2C+David+R%3BMerz%2C+Joseph+E%3BTitus%2C+Robert+G%3BSogard%2C+Susan+M%3BMangel%2C+Marc&rft.aulast=Beakes&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.issn=00028487&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2FT09-146.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Condition factor; Temporal variations; Smolts; Body size; Feeding experiments; River basins; Strains; Mortality causes; Temperature effects; Transformation; Feeding; Mortality; Emigration; Food; Survival; Models; Life history; Marine environment; Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus; USA, California, Sacramento R. basin; USA, California, Central Valley; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T09-146.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The NCEP GODAS Ocean Analysis of the Tropical Pacific Mixed Layer Heat Budget on Seasonal to Interannual Time Scales AN - 807283685; 13839223 AB - The mixed layer heat budget in the tropical Pacific is diagnosed using pentad (5 day) averaged outputs from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS), which is operational at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The GODAS is currently used by the NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC) to monitor and to understand El Nino and La Nina in near real time. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of using an operational ocean data assimilation system to understand SST variability. The climatological mean and seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat budgets derived from GODAS agree reasonably well with previous observational and model-based estimates. However, significant differences and biases were noticed. Large biases were found in GODAS zonal and meridional currents, which contributed to biases in the annual cycle of zonal and meridional advective heat fluxes. The warming due to tropical instability waves in boreal fall is severely underestimated owing to use of a 4-week data assimilation window. On interannual time scales, the GODAS heat budget closure is good for weak-to-moderate El Ninos. A composite for weak-to-moderate El Ninos suggests that zonal and meridional temperature advection and vertical entrainment/diffusion all contributed to the onset of the event and that zonal advection played the dominant role during decay of the event and the transition to La Nina. The net surface heat flux acts as a damping during the development stage, but plays a critical role in the decay of El Nino and the transition to the following La Nina. The GODAS heat budget closure is generally poor for strong La Ninas. Despite the biases, the GODAS heat budget analysis tool is useful in monitoring and understanding the physical processes controlling SST variability associated with ENSO. Therefore, it has been implemented operationally at CPC in support of NOAA's ENSO forecasting. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Huang, Boyin AU - Xue, Yan AU - Zhang, Dongxiao AU - Kumar, Arun AU - McPhaden, Michael J AD - NOAA/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland, boyin.huang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 4901 EP - 4925 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 23 IS - 18 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Tropics KW - Heat budgets KW - Mixed layer KW - Data assimilation KW - Sea surface temperature KW - Prediction KW - Variability KW - Entrainment KW - La Nina KW - IS, Tropical Pacific KW - Advection KW - Heat budget KW - El Nino KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Sea surface temperature forecasting KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Marine KW - Heat flux KW - Climates KW - Ocean circulation KW - Southern Oscillation KW - Heat KW - Oceans KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event KW - Heat Budget KW - Monitoring KW - Damping KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - Q1 08566:Fishery charts, grounds and water areas KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807283685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=The+NCEP+GODAS+Ocean+Analysis+of+the+Tropical+Pacific+Mixed+Layer+Heat+Budget+on+Seasonal+to+Interannual+Time+Scales&rft.au=Huang%2C+Boyin%3BXue%2C+Yan%3BZhang%2C+Dongxiao%3BKumar%2C+Arun%3BMcPhaden%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Boyin&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3373.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heat budget; Mixed layer; El Nino; Ocean-atmosphere system; Ocean circulation; Damping; El Nino phenomena; Southern Oscillation; Entrainment; Heat flux; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event; La Nina; Sea surface temperature forecasting; Data assimilation; Advection; Prediction; Variability; Heat; Oceans; Climates; Heat Budget; Monitoring; IS, Tropical Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streamflow Reductions and Habitat Drying Affect Growth, Survival, and Recruitment of Brassy Minnow across a Great Plains Riverscape AN - 807283124; 13848053 AB - Flow alterations caused by reservoir storage, groundwater pumping, diversions, and drought are widespread in North American Great Plains streams and have altered and fragmented habitats and reduced native fish biodiversity. Early life stages of fish are particularly sensitive to altered flow regimes, and reduced growth and survival may negatively affect the persistence of native species and assemblages. We investigated how growth and survival of brassy minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni larvae in the Arikaree River, Colorado, varied among three 6.4-km river segments that differed in hydrology and how climate influenced drying rates of spawning and rearing habitats in these segments over 3 years. We found that brassy minnow spawned in backwater habitats within a discrete period from mid-April to late May, based on otolith increment analysis. The timing of spawning and growth of larvae were influenced by climate and the hydrologic context of the river segment. Brassy minnow spawned 2 weeks earlier under warm, dry conditions in 1 year, and both growth rates and survival were significantly lower than during two wetter years (growth: 0.25 mm/d versus 0.30 and 0.41 mm/d; survival: 0.8391/d versus 0.894 and 0.897/d). For cohorts of larvae in individual backwaters, survival was higher in spawning habitats that were larger and that dried more slowly, and among cohorts that hatched in the middle of the spawning period under a moderate thermal regime. Overall, we found that brassy minnow spawning and recruitment were strongly influenced by habitat drying driven by interactions among stream geomorphology, groundwater pumping, and climate across multiple spatial scales. We suggest that conservation efforts explicitly consider the adaptations of this fish to harsh environments and focus on providing flows to maintain the spawning, rearing, and refuge habitats that are critical to brassy minnow population persistence. JF - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society AU - Falke, Jeffrey A AU - Bestgen, Kevin R AU - Fausch, Kurt D AD - Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1474, USA, jeffrey.falke@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 1566 EP - 1583 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 139 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8487, 0002-8487 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Backwaters KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - backwaters KW - Geomorphology KW - Hydrology KW - Droughts KW - Fish culture KW - Rivers KW - Recruitment KW - Larvae KW - Developmental stages KW - Growth Rates KW - Habitat KW - USA, Colorado KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Conservation KW - Fish KW - survival KW - Groundwater KW - Groundwater Mining KW - Survival KW - Biodiversity KW - spawning KW - Streams KW - Habitats KW - Hybognathus hankinsoni KW - Ground water KW - recruitment KW - Pumping KW - Growth rate KW - Adaptations KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Drying KW - Spawning KW - Indigenous species KW - Otoliths KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Scales KW - Harsh environments KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - SW 6030:Hydraulic machinery KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807283124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.atitle=Streamflow+Reductions+and+Habitat+Drying+Affect+Growth%2C+Survival%2C+and+Recruitment+of+Brassy+Minnow+across+a+Great+Plains+Riverscape&rft.au=Falke%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BBestgen%2C+Kevin+R%3BFausch%2C+Kurt+D&rft.aulast=Falke&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.issn=00028487&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2FT09-143.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Recruitment; Climate; Hydrology; Drying; Backwaters; Pumping; Freshwater fish; Fish culture; Rivers; Adaptations; Biodiversity; Survival; Developmental stages; Spawning; Habitat; Streams; Indigenous species; Otoliths; Geomorphology; Scales; Ground water; Conservation; Harsh environments; Droughts; backwaters; Larvae; recruitment; Fish; Groundwater; survival; spawning; Habitats; Aquatic Habitats; Climates; Groundwater Mining; Growth Rates; Hybognathus hankinsoni; USA, Colorado; USA, Great Plains; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T09-143.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-Frequency Characteristics of Regional Climate over Northeast China and Their Relationships with Atmospheric Circulation Patterns AN - 807279013; 13839229 AB - The time-frequency characteristics of the variations of temperature and precipitation over the city of Changchun in northeast China and their associations with large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions are analyzed. It is found that the variations of the regional climate are characterized by strong semiannual signals. For precipitation, the amplitude of semiannual signal is about half of that of the annual cycle. The relationships of the Changchun temperature and precipitation with local winds and large-scale patterns of atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature are also strongest on annual and semiannual time scales. These strong semiannual signals are potentially helpful for improving the prediction of the regional climate. On the annual time scale, the northeast China climate is affected by both the thermal contrast between the Asian continent and the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans and that between the continent and the extratropical North Pacific. These effects are manifested by the cyclonic (anticyclonic) pattern over the Asian continent (North Pacific) and the strong southerly flow over East Asia and northwestern Pacific associated with increases in temperature and precipitation. On the semiannual time scale, the northeast China climate is mainly related to the large-scale circulation pattern centered over the North Pacific, with its western portion over northeast China, North and South Korea, and Japan. While temperature signals are related to extratropical atmospheric process more apparently, both extratropical and tropical influences are seen in the semiannual variation of precipitation. There exist strong relationships between Changchun temperature and precipitation and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) in the frequency band up to 7 months. Temperature increases and precipitation decreases when NPO is positive. The relationships were weak before 1980 but became stronger afterward, associated with the strengthening of the East Asian trough. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Liu, Shi AU - Yang, Song AU - Lian, Yi AU - Zheng, Dawei AU - Wen, Min AU - Tu, Gang AU - Shen, Baizhu AU - Gao, Zongting AU - Wang, Donghai AD - * Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China, song.yang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 4956 EP - 4972 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 23 IS - 18 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Extratropics KW - Tropics KW - Regional effects KW - Temperature KW - Precipitation KW - Pattern detection KW - Prediction KW - INW, Japan KW - North Pacific Oscillation KW - Climate change KW - Atmospheric processes KW - Regional climates KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - I, Indo-Pacific KW - Korea, Rep. KW - Wind KW - Circulation patterns KW - Abiotic factors KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Annual variations KW - China, People's Rep., Jilin Prov., Changchun KW - Climates KW - Local winds KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Oceans KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Troughs KW - Atmospheric circulation patterns KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807279013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Time-Frequency+Characteristics+of+Regional+Climate+over+Northeast+China+and+Their+Relationships+with+Atmospheric+Circulation+Patterns&rft.au=Liu%2C+Shi%3BYang%2C+Song%3BLian%2C+Yi%3BZheng%2C+Dawei%3BWen%2C+Min%3BTu%2C+Gang%3BShen%2C+Baizhu%3BGao%2C+Zongting%3BWang%2C+Donghai&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Shi&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3554.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Annual variations; Climate change; Ocean-atmosphere system; Local winds; Abiotic factors; North Pacific Oscillation; Atmospheric processes; Atmospheric circulation; Regional climates; Precipitation; Troughs; Circulation patterns; Atmospheric circulation patterns; Prediction; Oceans; Climates; Temperature; Wind; INW, Japan; IN, North Pacific; China, People's Rep., Jilin Prov., Changchun; I, Indo-Pacific; Korea, Rep.; China, People's Rep.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3554.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Urban Atmosphere Plume Concentration Fluctuations AN - 807271554; 13751556 AB - Concentration variability in the fast-response tracer dataset for continuous, near-surface, point source releases in the urban core from the Joint Urban 2003 field study is analyzed. Concentration variability for conditionally and unconditionally sampled time series is characterized by probability densities, concentration fluctuation intensity, skewness, and kurtosis. Significant day-night differences in plume dispersion are observed. Relative to daytime, nighttime plumes were more likely to have reduced concentration fluctuation intensities, higher normalized surface concentrations, suppressed vertical mixing, and a greater prevalence of Gaussian-like distributions rather than log-normal or mixed mode distributions. This was in spite of the similar stability and turbulence conditions in the urban core for day and night. The potential roles of flow meander and thermal stability in explaining these differences are examined. Probability densities of concentration are found to be a strong function of fluctuation intensity. There are few differences in probability densities between day and night when classified by fluctuation intensity. There are no appreciable differences between conditional and unconditional probability densities and only small differences between conditional and unconditional sampling statistics relative to the larger differences usually observed in more homogeneous settings. Fluctuation intensity, skewness, and kurtosis are higher for the daytime experiments, and closer to the source, but show little difference between conditional and unconditional results over most of their range of values. The log-normal distribution provides a better overall fit to a broader range of the dataset than the exponential or clipped-normal distributions. JF - Boundary-Layer Meteorology AU - Finn, Dennis AU - Clawson, Kirk L AU - Carter, Roger G AU - Rich, Jason D AU - Biltoft, Chris AU - Leach, Martin AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory, Field Research Division, 1750 Foote Drive, Idaho Falls, ID, 83402, USA, dennis.finn@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 431 EP - 456 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 136 IS - 3 SN - 0006-8314, 0006-8314 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Statistics KW - Density KW - Vertical Distribution KW - Statistical analysis KW - turbulence KW - Time series analysis KW - Cores KW - Sampling KW - Thermal stability KW - Fluctuations KW - Plumes KW - Plume dispersion KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - M2 551.511:Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (551.511) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807271554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boundary-Layer+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Urban+Atmosphere+Plume+Concentration+Fluctuations&rft.au=Finn%2C+Dennis%3BClawson%2C+Kirk+L%3BCarter%2C+Roger+G%3BRich%2C+Jason+D%3BBiltoft%2C+Chris%3BLeach%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Boundary-Layer+Meteorology&rft.issn=00068314&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10546-010-9510-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Statistical analysis; Thermal stability; Time series analysis; Plume dispersion; Variability; Statistics; Cores; Density; Vertical Distribution; Sampling; turbulence; Plumes; Fluctuations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-010-9510-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite observations of the seasonal sediment plume in central East China Sea AN - 762266115; 13366422 AB - Ocean color and sea surface temperature (SST) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on Aqua from 2002 to 2008, wind speed data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, satellite-measured sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data, and World Ocean Atlas 1998 data are analyzed to study and understand the variability of a sediment plume in the central East China Sea, as well as its mechanism for producing this plume. The plume peaks in the winter, with an areal coverage of 44x10 super(4) km super(2) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490nm (K d (490)) reaching over 1.5m super(-1), and almost disappears in the summer. The increase (decrease) of SST is coincident with the K d (490) decrease (increase) during the late spring (fall) and early summer (winter). In the winter, the entire water column becomes uniform with SST 12 degree C in the East China Sea, while in the summer the water column is strongly stratified with SST over 27 degree C. This seasonal sediment plume is attributed to sediment resuspension due to the strong vertical mixing and convection driven by the cooling of the upper ocean and enhanced surface winds during the winter season. In addition, satellite SSHA observations also confirm that the cross-shelf circulation resulting in this plume proposed by Yuan et al. (2008) does not exist. JF - Journal of Marine Systems AU - Shi, Wei AU - Wang, Menghua AD - NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, E/RA3, Room 102, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 280 EP - 285 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0924-7963, 0924-7963 KW - Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sediment plume KW - Ocean turbidity KW - Remote sensing KW - Ocean color KW - East China Sea KW - Surface winds KW - Convection KW - Convection development KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Wind speed KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Extinction coefficient KW - Wave attenuation KW - Seasonal variability KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Plumes KW - Seasonal variations KW - Wind variability KW - Sea surface temperature forecasting KW - Upper ocean KW - Marine KW - Ocean temperature variability KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Satellites KW - Imaging techniques KW - Satellite sensing KW - Satellite data KW - winter KW - Oceans KW - INW, Donghai Sea KW - summer KW - water column KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - O 2090:Instruments/Methods KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762266115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Marine+Systems&rft.atitle=Satellite+observations+of+the+seasonal+sediment+plume+in+central+East+China+Sea&rft.au=Shi%2C+Wei%3BWang%2C+Menghua&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Marine+Systems&rft.issn=09247963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jmarsys.2010.06.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Convection; Resuspended sediments; Satellite sensing; Extinction coefficient; Wave attenuation; Remote sensing; Imaging techniques; Upper ocean; Surface winds; Satellite data; Ocean temperature variability; Atmospheric circulation; Convection development; Seasonal variability; Sea surface temperatures; Sea surface temperature forecasting; Wind variability; Sulfur dioxide; winter; Oceans; water column; summer; Satellites; Seasonal variations; Plumes; INW, Donghai Sea; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.06.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercomparison of Daily Precipitation Statistics over the United States in Observations and in NCEP Reanalysis Products AN - 759317155; 13712123 AB - A comparison of the statistics of daily precipitation over the conterminous United States is carried out using gridded station data and three generations of reanalysis products in use at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The reanalysis products are the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (Kalnay et al.), the NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (Kanamitsu et al.), and the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) reanalysis (Saha et al.). Several simple measures are used to characterize relationships between the observations and the reanalysis products, including bias, precipitation probability, variance, and correlation. Seasonality is accounted for by examining these measures for four nonoverlapping seasons, using daily data in each case. Relationships between daily precipitation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase are also considered. It is shown that the CFS reanalysis represents a clear improvement over the earlier reanalysis products, though significant biases remain. Comparisons of the error patterns in the reanalysis products provide a suitable basis for confident conversion of the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) operational monitoring and prediction products to the new generation of analyses based on CFS. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Higgins, R W AU - Kousky, V E AU - Silva, V B AU - Becker, E AU - Xie, P AD - Climate Prediction Center, NOAA/NWS/NCEP, Camp Springs, Maryland, wayne.higgins@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 4637 EP - 4650 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 23 IS - 17 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Climate prediction KW - Climate records KW - ENSO KW - Precipitation KW - Statistics KW - Prediction KW - Seasonality KW - Climate models KW - Climates KW - Statistical analysis KW - Errors KW - Data reanalysis KW - Southern Oscillation KW - USA KW - Precipitation probability KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event KW - Climatology KW - Seasonal variability KW - Monitoring KW - Daily precipitation KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Future climates KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759317155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Intercomparison+of+Daily+Precipitation+Statistics+over+the+United+States+in+Observations+and+in+NCEP+Reanalysis+Products&rft.au=Higgins%2C+R+W%3BKousky%2C+V+E%3BSilva%2C+V+B%3BBecker%2C+E%3BXie%2C+P&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=4637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3638.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seasonality; Climate prediction; El Nino phenomena; Southern Oscillation; Precipitation probability; Climate models; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event; Statistical analysis; Seasonal variability; Climatology; Daily precipitation; Data reanalysis; Future climates; Prediction; Statistics; Climates; Precipitation; Errors; Monitoring; Hydrologic Data; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3638.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms and measurements of nanomaterial-induced oxidative damage to DNA. AN - 755183902; 20563891 AB - Many of the current investigations on the environmental and human health risks of engineered nanomaterials focus on their short-term acute toxicity. However, the long-term chronic effects of nanomaterials on living systems, and in particular, on the genetic components of living systems, also warrant attention. An increasing number of nanomaterial safety studies include an assessment of genotoxicity as part of the overall risk evaluation. The potential of nanomaterials to directly or indirectly promote the formation of reactive oxygen species is one of the primary steps in their genotoxic repertoire. The subsequent modification of genomic DNA by reactive oxygen species could lead to the development of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, or other age-related diseases if the DNA damage is not repaired. This review focuses on the interactions of nanomaterials with DNA and specifically on the capacity of some nanomaterials to induce oxidative damage to DNA. A critical assessment of the analytical methodology and the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in nanomaterial induction of oxidative damage to DNA is presented, results obtained for the various studies with each nanomaterial are compared, and recommendations for future research are discussed. Researchers should consider, among other experimental recommendations, (1) the application of more chromatography-based and mass-spectrometry-based analytical techniques to the assessment of oxidative damage to DNA to facilitate an enhanced understanding of DNA damage mechanisms and (2) the verification of cellular viability before conducting genotoxicity assays to reduce the impact of fragmented DNA, formed as a consequence of cell death, on DNA damage measurements. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - Petersen, Elijah J AU - Nelson, Bryant C AD - Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA. Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 613 EP - 650 VL - 398 IS - 2 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Humans KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Nanostructures -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755183902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+and+measurements+of+nanomaterial-induced+oxidative+damage+to+DNA.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+Elijah+J%3BNelson%2C+Bryant+C&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Elijah&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=398&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=1618-2650&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00216-010-3881-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2010-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3881-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern Resident Killer Whale Recovery AN - 754903021; 13554653 AB - The federally endangered southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca), a distinct population, spends summers mostly in inland waters of the Pacific Northwest and winters in coastal waters. Between 1996 and 2001, its population fell by nearly 20% to only 79 animals. The National Marine Fisheries Service released its recovery plan for these whales in 2008, when 85 whales were counted. The plan includes strategies addressing prey availability, pollution, vessel effects, oil spills, transboundary and interagency coordination, and education and outreach. The agency is working with museums, aquaria, nonprofit groups, researchers, and schools to inform the public about the whales and how to help in their recovery. JF - Ecological Restoration (North America) AU - Barre, L AD - NMFS Northwest Regional Office, 206/526-4745, USA, lynne.barre@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 393 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 1522-4740, 1522-4740 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Marine fisheries KW - Food organisms KW - Inland waters KW - Fishing vessels KW - Coastal Waters KW - Pollution effects KW - Food availability KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - whales KW - Animal Populations KW - schools KW - Trans-boundary pollution KW - Oil Spills KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil Pollution KW - Oil spills KW - Marine KW - prey KW - Orcinus orca KW - Marine Fisheries KW - nonprofit organizations KW - Education KW - marine fisheries KW - Marine mammals KW - summer KW - Cetacea KW - Whales KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754903021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Restoration+%28North+America%29&rft.atitle=Southern+Resident+Killer+Whale+Recovery&rft.au=Barre%2C+L&rft.aulast=Barre&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Restoration+%28North+America%29&rft.issn=15224740&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Inland waters; Food organisms; Fishing vessels; Marine mammals; Pollution effects; Food availability; Oil pollution; Oil spills; nonprofit organizations; marine fisheries; Education; schools; Trans-boundary pollution; summer; prey; whales; Marine Fisheries; Animal Populations; Coastal Waters; Oil Spills; Oil Pollution; Whales; Orcinus orca; Cetacea; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial-temporal stratifications in natural populations and how they affect understanding and estimation of effective population size AN - 754898804; 13529355 AB - The concept of effective population size (Ne) is based on an elegantly simple idea which, however, rapidly becomes very complex when applied to most real-world situations. In natural populations, spatial and temporal stratifications create different classes of individuals with different vital rates, and this in turn affects (generally reduces) Ne in complex ways. I consider how these natural stratifications influence our understanding of effective size and how to estimate it, and what the consequences are for conservation and management of natural populations. Important points that emerge include the following:1. The relative influences of local vs metapopulation Ne depend on a variety of factors, including the time frame of interest.2. Levels of diversity in local populations are strongly influenced by even low levels of migration, so these measures are not reliable indicators of local Ne.3. For long-term effective size, obtaining a reliable estimate of mutation rate is the most important consideration; unless this is accomplished, estimates can be biased by orders of magnitude.4. At least some estimators of contemporary Ne appear to be robust to relatively high (approximately 10%) equilibrium levels of migration, so under many realistic scenarios they might yield reliable estimates of local Ne.5. Age structure probably has little effect on long-term estimators of Ne but can strongly influence contemporary estimates.6. More research is needed in several key areas: (i) to disentangle effects of selection and drift in metapopulations connected by intermediate levels of migration; (ii) to elucidate the relationship between Nb (effective number of breeders per year) and Ne per generation in age-structured populations; (iii) to perform rigorous sensitivity analyses of new likelihood and coalescent-based methods for estimating demographic and evolutionary histories. JF - Molecular Ecology Resources AU - Waples, Robin S AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA, robin.waples@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 785 EP - 796 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1755-098X, 1755-098X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - demography KW - migration KW - population number KW - Historical account KW - Age composition KW - metapopulations KW - Stratification KW - Mutation rates KW - Migration KW - natural populations KW - Demography KW - Drift KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Conservation KW - Evolution KW - Metapopulations KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754898804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.atitle=Spatial-temporal+stratifications+in+natural+populations+and+how+they+affect+understanding+and+estimation+of+effective+population+size&rft.au=Waples%2C+Robin+S&rft.aulast=Waples&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Resources&rft.issn=1755098X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1755-0998.2010.02876.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Age composition; Drift; Conservation; Stratification; Mutation rates; Migration; Evolution; Metapopulations; demography; Historical account; population number; migration; metapopulations; sensitivity analysis; natural populations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02876.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eating up the food web AN - 754897124; 13528362 AB - AbstractCrafting effective responses to problems faced by the world's oceans requires that we grasp the social drivers compelling harmful patterns of ocean use. One of the disquieting consequences of fishing is reduction in the mean trophic level of commercially captured species (fishing down the food web). While the trophic level of fisheries catch has declined in nearly two-thirds of the world's ecosystems, the social drivers underpinning this have been assumed or asserted, not quantified. Here, we examine patterns in seafood cookbooks as a means to gain insight into the social drivers underlying the changes observed in the trophic level of capture fisheries. We searched libraries in Washington and Oregon, U.S. for seafood cookbooks published within the U.S. Pacific Northwest. We uncovered 3092 recipes published between 1885 and 2007 that met our criteria. We found large increases in average trophic level of recipes over time ('eating up the food web'). This occurred largely because low trophic level invertebrates decreased in their frequency, while the representation of high-trophic level rockfish (Sebastes spp.), increased. We contend that cookbooks reveal much about the societal value of high trophic level species. Ultimately, sustainability of fisheries and marine ecosystems is not solely a biophysical problem - sustainability must also include the viability of socially shaped relationships between people and the sea. Knowledge of the drivers underlying the pattern of 'eating up the food web' should aide in developing policies that move beyond managing pressures (fishing), but also deal with the social drivers that generate those pressures. JF - Fish and Fisheries AU - Levin, Phillip S AU - Dufault, Aaron AD - NOAA Fisheries, Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA, phil.levin@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 307 EP - 312 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1467-2960, 1467-2960 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Resource management KW - Sustainable development KW - INE, USA, Washington KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Marine fish KW - Fishing KW - Commercial fishing KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - sustainability KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Seafood KW - Pressure KW - food webs KW - Food webs KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Environmental impact KW - Trophic levels KW - INE, USA, Oregon KW - Oceans KW - Depleted stocks KW - Fish KW - fishing KW - Sebastes KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754897124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fish+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Eating+up+the+food+web&rft.au=Levin%2C+Phillip+S%3BDufault%2C+Aaron&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fish+and+Fisheries&rft.issn=14672960&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-2979.2010.00355.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Commercial fishing; Resource management; Fishery management; Depleted stocks; Environmental impact; Sustainable development; Seafood; Food webs; Trophic levels; Fishing; Oceans; Fisheries; Marine ecosystems; Pressure; catches; Fish; sustainability; fishing; food webs; Sebastes; INE, USA, Oregon; INE, USA, Washington; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00355.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of littoral habitat complexity and sunfish composition on fish production AN - 754894424; 13528148 AB - Habitat complexity is a key driver of food web dynamics because physical structure dictates resource availability to a community. Changes in fish diversity can also alter trophic interactions and energy pathways in food webs. Few studies have examined the direct, indirect, and interactive effects of biodiversity and habitat complexity on fish production. We explored the effects of habitat complexity (simulated vegetation), sunfish diversity (intra- vs. inter-specific sunfish), and their interaction using a mesocosm experiment. Total fish production was examined across two levels of habitat complexity (low: 161 strands m-2 and high: 714 strands m-2) and two sunfish diversity treatments: bluegill only (Lepomis macrochirus) and bluegill, redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus), and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) combination. We also measured changes in total phosphorus, phytoplankton, periphyton, and invertebrates to explain patterns in fish production. Bluegill and total fish production were unaffected by the sunfish treatments. Habitat complexity had a large influence on food web structure by shifting primary productivity from pelagic to a more littoral pathway in the high habitat treatments. Periphyton was higher with dense vegetation, leading to reductions in total phosphorus, phytoplankton, cladoceran abundance and fish biomass. In tanks with low vegetation, bluegill exhibited increased growth. Habitat complexity can alter energy flow through food webs ultimately influencing higher trophic levels. The lack of an effect of sunfish diversity on fish production does not imply that conserving biodiversity is unimportant; rather, we suggest that understanding the context in which biodiversity is important to food web dynamics is critical to conservation planning. JF - Ecology of Freshwater Fish AU - Carey, M P AU - Maloney, KO AU - Chipps AU - Wahl, D H AD - Kaskaskia Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, Rural Route 1, Box 157, Sullivan, IL 61951, USA, michael.p.carey@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 466 EP - 476 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0906-6691, 0906-6691 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Resource availability KW - Phosphorus KW - Vegetation KW - Biodiversity KW - Phytoplankton KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat KW - Freshwater fish KW - Lepomis microlophus KW - Primary production KW - Mesocosms KW - Cladocera KW - Lepomis cyanellus KW - Community composition KW - Lepomis macrochirus KW - Species diversity KW - Periphyton KW - Food webs KW - Littoral zone KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754894424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.atitle=Effects+of+littoral+habitat+complexity+and+sunfish+composition+on+fish+production&rft.au=Carey%2C+M+P%3BMaloney%2C+KO%3BChipps%3BWahl%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.issn=09066691&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0633.2010.00433.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 71 N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Species diversity; Phytoplankton; Biodiversity; Periphyton; Freshwater fish; Primary production; Food webs; Littoral zone; Resource availability; Phosphorus; Vegetation; Habitat; Mesocosms; Lepomis cyanellus; Lepomis macrochirus; Lepomis microlophus; Cladocera; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00433.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of bacterioplankton assemblages from Karenia brevis bloom and nonbloom water on the west Florida shelf (Gulf of Mexico, USA) using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries AN - 754535255; 13246221 AB - The brevetoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, forms nearly annual blooms off the Florida west coast, severely impacting the region's ecology and economy. Bacteria are often cited as either promoting or interfering with the development of algal blooms, and thus a detailed study of the bacterioplankton assemblages associated with K. brevis was undertaken. We developed sixteen 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from K. brevis bloom and adjacent nonbloom water to determine the bacterial groups present and assess the influence of K. brevis cell number and-or depth on bacterioplankton community composition. Most notably, bacterial groups such as Rhodobacterales (Alphaproteobacteria) and Cytophagales-Sphingobacteriales (Bacteroidetes), reported previously to be associated with other harmful algal species, were often abundant in the presence of K. brevis. Cyanobacteria frequently dominated surface samples containing no detectable K. brevis, consistent with earlier work suggesting that these photosynthetic organisms may be important in promoting the proliferation of these blooms by conditioning the water. Moreover, differences in the abundance-diversity of traditionally more rare and often undocumented phylogenetic groups (e.g. Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Chloroflexus, Firmicutes) were apparent in bloom vs. nonbloom water. This is the first study to document the association of these phylogenetic groups with natural K. brevis populations and suggests a potential role for these microorganisms in K. brevis bloom dynamics. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Jones, Kelly L AU - Mikulski, Christina M AU - Barnhorst, Amanda AU - Doucette, Gregory J AD - 1Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA-National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC, USA 1 Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 468 EP - 485 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Algal blooms KW - Eutrophication KW - Phytoplankton KW - Gulfs KW - Bacterioplankton KW - Ecology KW - Genes KW - Libraries KW - Finite Element Method KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Phylogenetics KW - Coasts KW - Algae KW - Phylogeny KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Bacteria KW - Cell number KW - Biological poisons KW - Firmicutes KW - Chloroflexus KW - Nannoplankton KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Community composition KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Microorganisms KW - Karenia brevis KW - rRNA 16S KW - Shelf dynamics KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - Q1 08481:Productivity KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754535255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+bacterioplankton+assemblages+from+Karenia+brevis+bloom+and+nonbloom+water+on+the+west+Florida+shelf+%28Gulf+of+Mexico%2C+USA%29+using+16S+rRNA+gene+clone+libraries&rft.au=Jones%2C+Kelly+L%3BMikulski%2C+Christina+M%3BBarnhorst%2C+Amanda%3BDoucette%2C+Gregory+J&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6941.2010.00914.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal blooms; Community composition; Genes; Biological poisons; Phytoplankton; Phylogenetics; Shelf dynamics; Nannoplankton; Phylogeny; Cell number; Microorganisms; Dinoflagellates; rRNA 16S; Bacterioplankton; Algae; Coasts; Ecology; Bacteria; Eutrophication; Libraries; Finite Element Method; Gulfs; Cyanobacteria; Karenia brevis; Firmicutes; Chloroflexus; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Florida; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00914.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Structure and Activities of the U.S. Federal Statistical System: History and Recurrent Challenges AN - 754042425; 201052693 AB - This article examines the statistical system of the United States--featuring fourteen principal statistical agencies and sixty to seventy units in other federal agencies-- focusing on the system's highly decentralized nature and the ways in which the agencies attempt to evaluate the status of issues relevant to the mission of their departments and to provide information helpful in the creation of new policy. The history and challenges of the various agencies are examined, with the article showing that these challenges are inevitably tied to the cabinet departments to which they are attached. The article also examines recurrent issues facing the U.S. federal statistical system, including functional separation of statistical activities from regulatory activities, centralization versus decentralization, hiring structure of directors, data confidentiality versus access, policy relevance versus policy-making involvement, and contracting out statistical activities versus agency-conducted statistical activities. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.] JF - The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science AU - Groves, Robert M AD - U.S. Census Bureau Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 163 EP - 178 PB - Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks CA VL - 631 SN - 0002-7162, 0002-7162 KW - decentralized statistics agency cultures Committee on Government Statistics and Information Services National Center for Health Statistics KW - Hiring Practices KW - Government Agencies KW - Centralization KW - article KW - 0104: methodology and research technology; research methods/tools UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754042425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.atitle=The+Structure+and+Activities+of+the+U.S.+Federal+Statistical+System%3A+History+and+Recurrent+Challenges&rft.au=Groves%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=631&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.issn=00027162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0002716210374024 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-21 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - AAYPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government Agencies; Centralization; Hiring Practices DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716210374024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apparent seasonal cycle in isotopic discrimination of carbon in the atmosphere and biosphere due to vapor pressure deficit AN - 1520379622; 19534098 AB - We explore seasonal variability in isotopic fractionation by analyzing observational data from the atmosphere and the biosphere, as well as simulated data from a global model. Using simulated values of atmospheric CO sub(2) and its carbon isotopic composition, we evaluated different methods for specifying background concentrations when calculating the isotopic signature of source CO sub(2) ([delta] sub(s)) to the atmosphere. Based on this evaluation, we determined that free troposphere measurements should be used when available as a background reference when calculating [delta] sub(s) from boundary layer observations. We then estimate the seasonal distribution of [delta] sub(s) from monthly climatologies derived from several atmospheric sampling sites. This approach yields significant seasonal variations in [delta] sub(s) with more enriched values during the summer months that exceed the uncertainty of [delta] sub(s) estimated for any given month. Intra-annual measurements of [delta] super(13)C in the cellulose of Pinus taeda growing in the southeastern U.S. also reveal seasonal isotopic variations that are consistent in phase but not necessarily amplitude with atmospherically derived estimates of [delta] sub(s). Coherent seasonal patterns in [delta] sub(s) inferred from the atmosphere and observed in the biosphere were not consistent with the seasonal isotopic discrimination simulated by a commonly used biosphere model. However, [delta] sub(s) seasonality consistent with observations from the atmosphere and biosphere was retrieved with a revised biosphere model when stomatal conductance, and thus isotopic discrimination, was allowed to vary in response to vapor pressure deficit rather than relative humidity. Therefore, in regions where vapor pressure deficit and relative humidity are positively covariant over the growth season, such as the sub-tropics, different stomatal conductance models may yield very different estimates of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Ballantyne AU - Miller, J B AU - Tans, P P AD - NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - [np] PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 United States VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - atmospheric CO sub(2) KW - isotopes KW - stomatal conductance KW - Biosphere models KW - Relative humidity KW - Cellulose KW - Climate change KW - Biosphere KW - Atmosphere KW - Relative Humidity KW - Yield KW - Stomata KW - Vapors KW - Vapor Pressure KW - Carbon KW - Seasonal variability KW - Climatology KW - Sampling KW - Pressure KW - Seasonal variations KW - Modelling KW - Data processing KW - Conductance KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Pinus taeda KW - Troposphere KW - Seasonal distribution KW - USA KW - Carbon in the atmosphere KW - Boundary layers KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Vapor pressure KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1520379622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Apparent+seasonal+cycle+in+isotopic+discrimination+of+carbon+in+the+atmosphere+and+biosphere+due+to+vapor+pressure+deficit&rft.au=Ballantyne%3BMiller%2C+J+B%3BTans%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Ballantyne&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=%5Bnp%5D&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2009GB003623 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Carbon; Biogeochemistry; Climate change; Troposphere; Seasonal distribution; Carbon dioxide; Seasonal variations; Modelling; Data processing; Conductance; Cellulose; Biosphere; Atmosphere; Vapors; Stomata; Boundary layers; Sampling; Pressure; Biosphere models; Carbon in the atmosphere; Climatology; Seasonal variability; Vapor pressure; Yield; Vapor Pressure; Relative Humidity; Carbon Dioxide; Pinus taeda; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003623 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using surface plasmon resonance imaging to probe dynamic interactions between cells and extracellular matrix AN - 1017977014; 16714561 AB - Spatially resolved details of the interactions of cells with a fibronectin modified surface were examined using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). SPRI is a label-free technique that is based on the spatial measurement of interfacial refractive index. SPRI is sensitive to short range interactions between cells and their substratum. The high contrast in SPR signal between cell edges and substratum facilitates identification of cell edges and segmentation of cell areas. With this novel technique, we demonstrate visualization of cell-substratum interactions, and how cell-substratum interactions change over time as cells spread, migrate, and undergo membrane ruffling. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Cytometry Part A AU - Peterson, Alexander W AU - Halter, Michael AU - Tona, Alessandro AU - Bhadriraju, Kiran AU - Plant, Anne L Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 895 EP - 903 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 77A IS - 9 SN - 1552-4930, 1552-4930 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cell migration KW - Cytometry KW - Extracellular matrix KW - Fibronectin KW - Membrane ruffling KW - Probes KW - Segmentation KW - imaging KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017977014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.atitle=Using+surface+plasmon+resonance+imaging+to+probe+dynamic+interactions+between+cells+and+extracellular+matrix&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Alexander+W%3BHalter%2C+Michael%3BTona%2C+Alessandro%3BBhadriraju%2C+Kiran%3BPlant%2C+Anne+L&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=77A&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.issn=15524930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcyto.a.20938 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.20938/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - surface plasmon resonance; Membrane ruffling; Extracellular matrix; Fibronectin; Probes; Segmentation; Cell migration; imaging; Cytometry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.20938 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - An intense spring snowfall event over the northern Colorado mountains AN - 918071972; 16193206 AB - A deep and very cold low pressure system tracked along the western Wyoming and western Colorado border during 5-6 April 2010 and brought heavy snow to the central Rocky Mountains, including the Wasatch Range in northern Utah and the mountains of northwestern Colorado. This intense spring storm had near optimal conditions to bring high intensity snowfall to the central Rockies. A combination of dynamical forcing, deep potential instability, a favorable microphysical environment and orographic lift for a prolonged duration resulted in heavy snow accumulations on windward slopes with snow densities higher than typically observed for this region. Several Snotel sites measured over 2 feet of snowfall. One location, the Elk River Snotel in northwest Colorado measured an intense period of snowfall where 17 inches fell in 6 hours. This study will examine the storm evolution and factors that contributed to the intense snowfall rates. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 30 Aug 2010. AU - Meyers, Michael P AU - Frisbie, P AU - Colton, J D AU - Aleksa, M AU - Strautins, A Y1 - 2010/08/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 30 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Snow accumulation KW - Storms KW - Environmental factors KW - North America, Rocky Mts. KW - Mountains KW - Snow cover densities KW - Snow Accumulation KW - Slopes KW - Low pressure systems KW - Snow Density KW - USA, Utah KW - Rivers KW - Mountain meteorology KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Snow KW - Mountain meteorology conferences KW - USA, Colorado KW - Instability KW - Evolution KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09144:Regional studies, expeditions and data reports KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 551.578.4:Crystalline (551.578.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918071972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Meyers%2C+Michael+P%3BFrisbie%2C+P%3BColton%2C+J+D%3BAleksa%2C+M%3BStrautins%2C+A&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=An+intense+spring+snowfall+event+over+the+northern+Colorado+mountains&rft.title=An+intense+spring+snowfall+event+over+the+northern+Colorado+mountains&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Extending atmospheric river research to the Pacific Northwest and rapid response to the Howard Hanson Dam crisis AN - 918071584; 16193095 AB - Dedicated in 1962, the Howard A. Hanson Dam (HHD) brought necessary flood relief to the Green River Valley in the Metropolitan Area of Seattle, Washington, and opened the way for increased valley development. However, following a record high level of water behind HHD in January 2009, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) became concerned about the Dam's safety. Flood damage prevented by HHD from the January 2009 event is estimated at about $4 billion. Despite short-term measures to improve HHD during 2009, the chance for a significant Green River Valley flood event was estimated by the ACE to be 1 in 25 for the 2009/10 winter season. Although seasonal observed precipitation (October 2009 through March 2010) in the Seattle area was slightly greater than normal (e.g., 112% of normal at the Seattle Weather Forecast Office), there were no threatening floods observed along the Green River, primarily because the overall synoptic patter was progressive, which reduced the chance for an extensive (time and space) extreme event. More than a decade of West Coast winter storm research conducted primarily in California by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division (ESRL/PSD) has identified atmospheric rivers (ARs), narrow regions of enhanced water vapor transport, as the culprits that cause extreme precipitation events, such as the January 2009 event that stressed HHD. ESRL/PSD extended this AR research to the coast of Washington by deploying a mobile AR observatory (ARO) at Westport, Washington, in October 2009. Development of the mobile ARO is based on two decades of instrument and technology development at ESRL/PSD. ESRL/PSD also responded to the HHD crisis by rapidly deploying a fixed ARO couplet closer to HHD in order to detect and monitor the AR conditions that potentially could lead to flooding along the Green River. This paper will report on initial scientific findings resulting from the ARO deployments including orographic precipitation impacts and will document use of the ARO observations in daily forecast operations. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 30 Aug 2010. AU - White, Allen B AU - Carter, G AU - Ralph, F M AU - King, C W AU - Jankov, I AU - Colman, B R AU - Cook, L K AU - Buehner, HE Y1 - 2010/08/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 30 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Water vapor transport KW - Winter storms KW - Weather Forecasting KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Dams KW - Floods KW - INE, USA, California KW - Seasonal variability KW - Weather forecasting KW - Flood damage KW - Coasts KW - Rivers KW - Weather KW - Laboratories KW - Precipitation KW - Flood relief KW - Dam control KW - Flooding KW - INE, USA, Washington, Seattle KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918071584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=White%2C+Allen+B%3BCarter%2C+G%3BRalph%2C+F+M%3BKing%2C+C+W%3BJankov%2C+I%3BColman%2C+B+R%3BCook%2C+L+K%3BBuehner%2C+HE&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Extending+atmospheric+river+research+to+the+Pacific+Northwest+and+rapid+response+to+the+Howard+Hanson+Dam+crisis&rft.title=Extending+atmospheric+river+research+to+the+Pacific+Northwest+and+rapid+response+to+the+Howard+Hanson+Dam+crisis&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Ozone plume transport patterns across mountain barriers in California and Colorado AN - 918066518; 16193149 AB - Gaps or channels in mountain ranges are often regarded as favored transport corridors for pollutants, aerosol, moisture, or other quantities. During field measurement experiments in the Colorado Front Range and several California mountain ranges, NOAA/ESRL's airborne ozone lidar performed surveillance flight patterns over 3 summers to map out the ozone plumes from major source regions, such as Denver and Los Angeles. These flights were aimed at studying the transport patterns in to and through mountain barriers in the regions. Cases have been identified when gaps or passes formed the primary transport corridors. But more often ozone plumes followed the direction of the prevalent ridgetop-level winds and passed directly across the mountain barrier, eschewing the gaps and passes. Analyses of both types transport will be presented, highlighting the differences in winds and stability profiles associated with each transport pattern. JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 30 Aug 2010. AU - Banta, Robert M AU - Senff, C J AU - Alvarez, R J AU - Langford, A O AU - Hardesty, R M AU - Sandberg, S P Y1 - 2010/08/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 30 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Ozone measurements KW - Barriers KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Lidar KW - Air quality KW - Mountains KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - USA, Colorado, Denver KW - Pollutants KW - Corridor KW - Plumes KW - Ozone KW - USA, California, Los Angeles KW - Fires KW - Mountain meteorology KW - Aerosols KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Conferences KW - Surveillance and enforcement KW - Mountain meteorology conferences KW - USA, Colorado KW - Fronts KW - Lidar applications KW - LIDAR KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09269:Geomagnetism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918066518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Pollution+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Banta%2C+Robert+M%3BSenff%2C+C+J%3BAlvarez%2C+R+J%3BLangford%2C+A+O%3BHardesty%2C+R+M%3BSandberg%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Banta&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Ozone+plume+transport+patterns+across+mountain+barriers+in+California+and+Colorado&rft.title=Ozone+plume+transport+patterns+across+mountain+barriers+in+California+and+Colorado&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Cold air damming impacts on snowfall distribution along the eastern Wind River Mountains AN - 918062442; 16193143 AB - The eastern slope of the Wind River Mountains (3500-4000m MSL) in central Wyoming is a favored location for upslope snow with northeast low-level flow that develops in the wake of cold frontal passages. Snowfall in the adjacent Wind River Basin and lower foothills shows a marked increase in amounts from Riverton to Lander. Local forecasters are adept at adjusting snowfall forecasts to account for this increase across the basin and into the adjacent east slopes of the mountain range. More interesting, however, are those snow events where locations in the lower foothills around Lander (1700-2100m MSL) receive snowfall exceeding that of mountain sites between 2600 and 3000m MSL. Upper air soundings regularly show a stable lower atmosphere as cold air, often of Canadian origin, invades the Wind River Basin. Temperatures within this cold dome may not vary much since the air spills into the basin with higher terrain on all sides trapping the cold air. Within this cold, stable airmass, boundary layer wind observations indicate northeast upslope flow typically decelerates near Lander, either becoming near calm or light from the northwest parallel to the Wind River Mountains. While this deceleration can be partly ascribed to local mesoscale terrain features, local meteorologists have long theorized that cold air damming is occurring. A review of several cases will attempt to answer the question of, "Is cold air damming, and possibly a barrier jet, the likely determinant of heavy snowfall distribution in Lander and the lower foothills?" JF - American Meteorological Society. [np]. 30 Aug 2010. AU - Jones, Christopher N AU - McDonald, B E AU - Wesley, DA Y1 - 2010/08/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 30 PB - American Meteorological Society KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - River Basins KW - Barriers KW - Mesoscale features KW - Freshwater KW - Mountains KW - Meteorologists KW - Snowfall distribution KW - River Flow KW - Boundary layer winds KW - Slopes KW - Wind KW - Dam Effects KW - Rivers KW - Wakes KW - Mountain meteorology KW - Domes KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Snow KW - River discharge KW - River basins KW - Soundings KW - USA, Wyoming, Wind R. basin KW - Mountain meteorology conferences KW - Reviews KW - Boundary layers KW - Heavy snowfall distribution KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918062442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jones%2C+Christopher+N%3BMcDonald%2C+B+E%3BWesley%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Cold+air+damming+impacts+on+snowfall+distribution+along+the+eastern+Wind+River+Mountains&rft.title=Cold+air+damming+impacts+on+snowfall+distribution+along+the+eastern+Wind+River+Mountains&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - LAKE SUPERIOR NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE, WISCONSIN. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - LAKE SUPERIOR NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE, WISCONSIN. AN - 873130967; 14631-9_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The establishment of the Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve (LSNERR), and the designation of four sites as its components, is proposed. The National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) System is a partnership program between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the coastal states, whereby NOAA provides funding, national guidelines, and technical assistance, while each reserve is managed on a daily basis by a lead state agency or university. University of Wisconsin - Extension is the lead state agency for the proposed LSNERR. Operating under a five-year management plan, reserve staff would work with tribes, local communities and regional groups to address natural resource management issues, such as non-point source pollution, toxics contamination, habitat restoration, climate change, and invasive species. The proposed action would designate 16,697 acres of Wisconsin's lower St. Louis River freshwater estuary, Allouez Bay, and adjacent Lake Superior waters as the second NERR within the Great Lakes region and the 28th in the nation. Approval of the proposed action would result in the awarding of annual grants for up to 70 percent of operation and program costs, and additional funding for acquisition and construction of future facilities. The reserve would include uplands and submerged lands; riparian and riverine habitat; riverine islands; emergent freshwater marshes, interdunal wetlands, and scrub swamp; aspen, xeric and hardwood forests; and open sand beach and dunes within a complex of four components. These components are not contiguous but are in close proximity to each other. The 6,926-acre Red River Breaks component consists primarily of state-owned upland and wetland habitats along the St. Louis River and would be the largest component within the proposed reserve. The Pokegama Bay component, downstream of Red River Breaks, contains one of the largest municipal forests in the United States. Its 6,723 acres contain extensive forested wetlands, uplands, clay flats and submerged lands. South of Pokegama Bay is the smallest component, the Pokegama-Carnegie Wetlands. Owned by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, this 226-acre area is part of the largest and most intact red clay wetlands remaining in northwest Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Point component is approximately 2,822 acres of estuarine wetlands, xeric forest and Lake Superior water and lake bed. Wisconsin Point has exceptional habitat value and includes a bay mouth bar separating the waters of Lake Superior from Allouez Bay. Native American tribal cultural sites are found on Wisconsin Point and throughout the lower St. Louis River freshwater estuary. The lands within this component are owned by a combination of city, county, state, and university entities. In addition to the proposed action, this final EIS considers a No Action Alternative that would perpetuate the existing separate land management. Designation of a LSNERR would not introduce new state or federal regulations, nor would it prohibit traditional uses of the area. The action would not affect the rights of the Lake Superior Chippewa tribes to hunt, fish, trap and gather within the reserve boundaries. The preferred alternative is the proposed site with the addition of Oliver Marsh, a small Douglas County parcel adjacent to the St. Louis River, and additional portions of Wisconsin Point and Allouez Bay. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The establishment of the proposed reserve would protect and enhance the ecological health of the St. Louis River watershed and Lake Superior habitats. Research and monitoring within the proposed reserve would increase understanding of Lake Superior freshwater estuaries and coastal ecosystems and improve community leaders' and other decision makers' ability to address critical management issues. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Minor cumulative impacts would result from increased traffic associated with future visitation to LSNERR sites and future facilities. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0220D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100359, 366 pages, August 27, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Parks, Refuges and Forests KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Dunes KW - Estuaries KW - Forests KW - Great Lakes KW - Indian Reservations KW - Islands KW - Preserves KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Rivers KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Superior KW - St Louis River KW - Wisconsin KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=LAKE+SUPERIOR+NATIONAL+ESTUARINE+RESEARCH+RESERVE%2C+WISCONSIN.&rft.title=LAKE+SUPERIOR+NATIONAL+ESTUARINE+RESEARCH+RESERVE%2C+WISCONSIN.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 27, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - LAKE SUPERIOR NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE, WISCONSIN. AN - 758977830; 14631 AB - PURPOSE: The establishment of the Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve (LSNERR), and the designation of four sites as its components, is proposed. The National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) System is a partnership program between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the coastal states, whereby NOAA provides funding, national guidelines, and technical assistance, while each reserve is managed on a daily basis by a lead state agency or university. University of Wisconsin - Extension is the lead state agency for the proposed LSNERR. Operating under a five-year management plan, reserve staff would work with tribes, local communities and regional groups to address natural resource management issues, such as non-point source pollution, toxics contamination, habitat restoration, climate change, and invasive species. The proposed action would designate 16,697 acres of Wisconsin's lower St. Louis River freshwater estuary, Allouez Bay, and adjacent Lake Superior waters as the second NERR within the Great Lakes region and the 28th in the nation. Approval of the proposed action would result in the awarding of annual grants for up to 70 percent of operation and program costs, and additional funding for acquisition and construction of future facilities. The reserve would include uplands and submerged lands; riparian and riverine habitat; riverine islands; emergent freshwater marshes, interdunal wetlands, and scrub swamp; aspen, xeric and hardwood forests; and open sand beach and dunes within a complex of four components. These components are not contiguous but are in close proximity to each other. The 6,926-acre Red River Breaks component consists primarily of state-owned upland and wetland habitats along the St. Louis River and would be the largest component within the proposed reserve. The Pokegama Bay component, downstream of Red River Breaks, contains one of the largest municipal forests in the United States. Its 6,723 acres contain extensive forested wetlands, uplands, clay flats and submerged lands. South of Pokegama Bay is the smallest component, the Pokegama-Carnegie Wetlands. Owned by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, this 226-acre area is part of the largest and most intact red clay wetlands remaining in northwest Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Point component is approximately 2,822 acres of estuarine wetlands, xeric forest and Lake Superior water and lake bed. Wisconsin Point has exceptional habitat value and includes a bay mouth bar separating the waters of Lake Superior from Allouez Bay. Native American tribal cultural sites are found on Wisconsin Point and throughout the lower St. Louis River freshwater estuary. The lands within this component are owned by a combination of city, county, state, and university entities. In addition to the proposed action, this final EIS considers a No Action Alternative that would perpetuate the existing separate land management. Designation of a LSNERR would not introduce new state or federal regulations, nor would it prohibit traditional uses of the area. The action would not affect the rights of the Lake Superior Chippewa tribes to hunt, fish, trap and gather within the reserve boundaries. The preferred alternative is the proposed site with the addition of Oliver Marsh, a small Douglas County parcel adjacent to the St. Louis River, and additional portions of Wisconsin Point and Allouez Bay. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The establishment of the proposed reserve would protect and enhance the ecological health of the St. Louis River watershed and Lake Superior habitats. Research and monitoring within the proposed reserve would increase understanding of Lake Superior freshwater estuaries and coastal ecosystems and improve community leaders' and other decision makers' ability to address critical management issues. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Minor cumulative impacts would result from increased traffic associated with future visitation to LSNERR sites and future facilities. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0220D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100359, 366 pages, August 27, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Parks, Refuges and Forests KW - Bays KW - Beaches KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Dunes KW - Estuaries KW - Forests KW - Great Lakes KW - Indian Reservations KW - Islands KW - Preserves KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Rivers KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Superior KW - St Louis River KW - Wisconsin KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Program Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/758977830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=LAKE+SUPERIOR+NATIONAL+ESTUARINE+RESEARCH+RESERVE%2C+WISCONSIN.&rft.title=LAKE+SUPERIOR+NATIONAL+ESTUARINE+RESEARCH+RESERVE%2C+WISCONSIN.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 27, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response AN - 954579447; 13747614 AB - Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are polyether marine neurotoxins and potent activators of voltage-gated sodium channels. This toxin is carried by multiple reef-fish species and human consumption of ciguatoxins can result in an explosive gastrointestinal/neurologic illness. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response in mouse brain to a symptomatic dose of the highly toxic Pacific ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 and additionally compares this data to transcriptional profiles from liver and whole blood examined previously. Adult male C57/BL6 mice were injected with 0.26 ng/g P-CTX-1 while controls received only vehicle. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 24 hrs and transcriptional profiling was performed on brain RNA with Agilent whole genome microarrays. RT-PCR was used to independently validate gene expression and the web tool DAVID was used to analyze gene ontology (GO) and molecular pathway enrichment of the gene expression data. A pronounced 4C hypothermic response was recorded in these mice, reaching a minimum at 1 hr and lasting for 8 hrs post toxin exposure. Ratio expression data were filtered by intensity, fold change and p-value, with the resulting data used for time course analysis, K-means clustering, ontology classification and KEGG pathway enrichment. Top GO hits for this gene set included acute phase response and mono-oxygenase activity. Molecular pathway analysis showed enrichment for complement/coagulation cascades and metabolism of xenobiotics. Many immediate early genes such as Fos, Jun and Early Growth Response isoforms were down-regulated although others associated with stress such as glucocorticoid responsive genes were up-regulated. Real time PCR confirmation was performed on 22 differentially expressed genes with a correlation of 0.9 (Spearman's Rho, p & 0.0001) with microarray results. Many of the genes differentially expressed in this study, in parallel with the hypothermia, figure prominently in protection against neuroinflammation. Pathologic activity of the complement/coagulation cascade has been shown in patients suffering from a chronic form of ciguatera poisoning and is of particular interest in this model. Anti-inflammatory processes were at work not only in the brain but were also seen in whole blood and liver of these animals, creating a systemic anti-inflammatory environment to protect against the initial cellular damage caused by the toxin. JF - BMC Neuroscience AU - Ryan, James C AU - Morey, Jeanine S AU - Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui AU - Ramsdell, John S AU - Van Dolah, Frances M AD - Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA Y1 - 2010/08/26/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 26 SP - 107 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House London W1T 4LB United Kingdom VL - 11 KW - Genetics Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Sodium channels (voltage-gated) KW - Toxicants KW - Neuroprotection KW - Xenobiotics KW - DNA microarrays KW - Fos protein KW - Gene expression KW - Nervous system KW - I, Pacific KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Hypothermia KW - Data processing KW - Coagulation KW - Motor task performance KW - Profiling KW - Poisoning KW - Brain KW - Environmental impact KW - Transcription KW - Stress KW - Glucocorticoids KW - Toxins KW - Inflammation KW - Ciguatera KW - Blood KW - polyethers KW - RNA KW - Liver KW - Explosives KW - Immediate-early proteins KW - Ciguatoxin KW - Neurotoxins KW - Metabolism KW - N3 11023:Neurogenetics KW - Q1 08424:Age and growth KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants KW - G 07870:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954579447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Gene+expression+profiling+in+brain+of+mice+exposed+to+the+marine+neurotoxin+ciguatoxin+reveals+an+acute+anti-inflammatory%2C+neuroprotective+response&rft.au=Ryan%2C+James+C%3BMorey%2C+Jeanine+S%3BBottein%2C+Marie-Yasmine+Dechraoui%3BRamsdell%2C+John+S%3BVan+Dolah%2C+Frances+M&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010-08-26&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Neuroscience&rft.issn=1471-2202&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2202-11-107 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Toxicants; Profiling; Environmental impact; Brain; Polymerase chain reaction; Ciguatoxin; Neurotoxins; Ciguatera; Genomes; Sodium channels (voltage-gated); Neuroprotection; Xenobiotics; DNA microarrays; Fos protein; Nervous system; Hypothermia; Data processing; Coagulation; Motor task performance; Poisoning; Stress; Transcription; Glucocorticoids; Toxins; Inflammation; Blood; polyethers; RNA; Liver; Immediate-early proteins; Explosives; Metabolism; I, Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-11-107 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - AMENDMENT 11 TO THE ATLANTIC MACKEREL, SQUID, AND BUTTERFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JANUARY 2010). [Part 2 of 2] T2 - AMENDMENT 11 TO THE ATLANTIC MACKEREL, SQUID, AND BUTTERFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JANUARY 2010). AN - 853675532; 14589-100335_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish (MSB) fishery management plan (FMP) to establish an Atlantic mackerel limited access program is proposed. Mackerel is currently an open access fishery and any US vessel can apply for and be issued a permit to fish for mackerel. The current management program relies on an annual commercial quota, and any permitted vessel can fish without limits on the amount of mackerel that can be landed per trip. The fishery is closed when 90 percent of the quota is harvested, and the fishery continues for the rest of the year with vessels authorized to land only up to a specified possession limit. If the full quota is reached, a complete moratorium on possession is instituted. The fishery has not been closed to date. There is a small recreational fishery that has no active management measures. The fishery occurs primarily in shelf waters east of the Delmarva Peninsula to south of Cape Cod and, while quotas have been over 100,000 metric tons since 2003, 2003-2007 catches averaged 43,000 metric tons. Most of the catch is landed at Cape May, New Jersey, New Bedford and Gloucester, Massachusetts, and North Kingstown, Fall River, and Point Judith, Rhode Island. While there has not been a race to fish for mackerel to date, quotas are expected to fall in the future because of the nature of the mackerel stock, and a race to fish could develop. The Amendment 11 draft EIS considered seven alternative sets, each including a No Action Alternative for the particular purpose addressed. This draft supplemental EIS includes revised alternatives and identifies preferred alternatives for some of the proposed actions. Alternative Sets 1 through 4 relate to the proposed cap on capacity via limited access, quota provisions and trip limits, and changes to administrative rules related to implementation of limited access. Under preferred alternatives, additional vessels could not enter the fishery and existing vessels (those holding permits on March 21, 2007) would be limited from expanding beyond a certain degree. Vessels would be grouped into three tiers based on historical landings and would have different levels of access and trip limits would be set annually. Alternative Set 5 presents scenarios to update the essential fish habitat (EFH) designations for species in the MSB FMP and Alternative Set 6 includes measures to allocate the mackerel quota between the recreational and commercial sectors. Finally, Alternative Set 7 considers options for limiting at-sea processing of Atlantic mackerel. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Institution of limited access would help minimize potential future racing to fish by reducing additional capitalization of the mackerel fleet and thereby reducing potential negative socioeconomic and biological consequences. EFH update provisions would designate more area than is currently designated and would enable more effective mitigation of habitat impacts in the future. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Vessels would be constrained from increasing effort beyond their traditional participation levels and, in the event that mackerel quotas are relatively high in the future, the fleet could have difficulty actually catching the quota. EFH designations could result in gear/area closures in the future. Limiting at-sea processing of Atlantic mackerel would have uncertain economic effects. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0004D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100335, 591 pages, August 19, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Conservation KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Recreation Resources Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Massachusetts KW - New Jersey KW - Rhode Island KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=AMENDMENT+11+TO+THE+ATLANTIC+MACKEREL%2C+SQUID%2C+AND+BUTTERFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JANUARY+2010%29.&rft.title=AMENDMENT+11+TO+THE+ATLANTIC+MACKEREL%2C+SQUID%2C+AND+BUTTERFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JANUARY+2010%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, Massachusetts; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: August 19, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - AMENDMENT 11 TO THE ATLANTIC MACKEREL, SQUID, AND BUTTERFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JANUARY 2010). [Part 1 of 2] T2 - AMENDMENT 11 TO THE ATLANTIC MACKEREL, SQUID, AND BUTTERFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JANUARY 2010). AN - 853675531; 14589-100335_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish (MSB) fishery management plan (FMP) to establish an Atlantic mackerel limited access program is proposed. Mackerel is currently an open access fishery and any US vessel can apply for and be issued a permit to fish for mackerel. The current management program relies on an annual commercial quota, and any permitted vessel can fish without limits on the amount of mackerel that can be landed per trip. The fishery is closed when 90 percent of the quota is harvested, and the fishery continues for the rest of the year with vessels authorized to land only up to a specified possession limit. If the full quota is reached, a complete moratorium on possession is instituted. The fishery has not been closed to date. There is a small recreational fishery that has no active management measures. The fishery occurs primarily in shelf waters east of the Delmarva Peninsula to south of Cape Cod and, while quotas have been over 100,000 metric tons since 2003, 2003-2007 catches averaged 43,000 metric tons. Most of the catch is landed at Cape May, New Jersey, New Bedford and Gloucester, Massachusetts, and North Kingstown, Fall River, and Point Judith, Rhode Island. While there has not been a race to fish for mackerel to date, quotas are expected to fall in the future because of the nature of the mackerel stock, and a race to fish could develop. The Amendment 11 draft EIS considered seven alternative sets, each including a No Action Alternative for the particular purpose addressed. This draft supplemental EIS includes revised alternatives and identifies preferred alternatives for some of the proposed actions. Alternative Sets 1 through 4 relate to the proposed cap on capacity via limited access, quota provisions and trip limits, and changes to administrative rules related to implementation of limited access. Under preferred alternatives, additional vessels could not enter the fishery and existing vessels (those holding permits on March 21, 2007) would be limited from expanding beyond a certain degree. Vessels would be grouped into three tiers based on historical landings and would have different levels of access and trip limits would be set annually. Alternative Set 5 presents scenarios to update the essential fish habitat (EFH) designations for species in the MSB FMP and Alternative Set 6 includes measures to allocate the mackerel quota between the recreational and commercial sectors. Finally, Alternative Set 7 considers options for limiting at-sea processing of Atlantic mackerel. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Institution of limited access would help minimize potential future racing to fish by reducing additional capitalization of the mackerel fleet and thereby reducing potential negative socioeconomic and biological consequences. EFH update provisions would designate more area than is currently designated and would enable more effective mitigation of habitat impacts in the future. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Vessels would be constrained from increasing effort beyond their traditional participation levels and, in the event that mackerel quotas are relatively high in the future, the fleet could have difficulty actually catching the quota. EFH designations could result in gear/area closures in the future. Limiting at-sea processing of Atlantic mackerel would have uncertain economic effects. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0004D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100335, 591 pages, August 19, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Conservation KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Recreation Resources Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Massachusetts KW - New Jersey KW - Rhode Island KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853675531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=AMENDMENT+11+TO+THE+ATLANTIC+MACKEREL%2C+SQUID%2C+AND+BUTTERFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JANUARY+2010%29.&rft.title=AMENDMENT+11+TO+THE+ATLANTIC+MACKEREL%2C+SQUID%2C+AND+BUTTERFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JANUARY+2010%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, Massachusetts; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: August 19, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - AMENDMENT 11 TO THE ATLANTIC MACKEREL, SQUID, AND BUTTERFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF JANUARY 2010). AN - 758977757; 14589 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish (MSB) fishery management plan (FMP) to establish an Atlantic mackerel limited access program is proposed. Mackerel is currently an open access fishery and any US vessel can apply for and be issued a permit to fish for mackerel. The current management program relies on an annual commercial quota, and any permitted vessel can fish without limits on the amount of mackerel that can be landed per trip. The fishery is closed when 90 percent of the quota is harvested, and the fishery continues for the rest of the year with vessels authorized to land only up to a specified possession limit. If the full quota is reached, a complete moratorium on possession is instituted. The fishery has not been closed to date. There is a small recreational fishery that has no active management measures. The fishery occurs primarily in shelf waters east of the Delmarva Peninsula to south of Cape Cod and, while quotas have been over 100,000 metric tons since 2003, 2003-2007 catches averaged 43,000 metric tons. Most of the catch is landed at Cape May, New Jersey, New Bedford and Gloucester, Massachusetts, and North Kingstown, Fall River, and Point Judith, Rhode Island. While there has not been a race to fish for mackerel to date, quotas are expected to fall in the future because of the nature of the mackerel stock, and a race to fish could develop. The Amendment 11 draft EIS considered seven alternative sets, each including a No Action Alternative for the particular purpose addressed. This draft supplemental EIS includes revised alternatives and identifies preferred alternatives for some of the proposed actions. Alternative Sets 1 through 4 relate to the proposed cap on capacity via limited access, quota provisions and trip limits, and changes to administrative rules related to implementation of limited access. Under preferred alternatives, additional vessels could not enter the fishery and existing vessels (those holding permits on March 21, 2007) would be limited from expanding beyond a certain degree. Vessels would be grouped into three tiers based on historical landings and would have different levels of access and trip limits would be set annually. Alternative Set 5 presents scenarios to update the essential fish habitat (EFH) designations for species in the MSB FMP and Alternative Set 6 includes measures to allocate the mackerel quota between the recreational and commercial sectors. Finally, Alternative Set 7 considers options for limiting at-sea processing of Atlantic mackerel. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Institution of limited access would help minimize potential future racing to fish by reducing additional capitalization of the mackerel fleet and thereby reducing potential negative socioeconomic and biological consequences. EFH update provisions would designate more area than is currently designated and would enable more effective mitigation of habitat impacts in the future. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Vessels would be constrained from increasing effort beyond their traditional participation levels and, in the event that mackerel quotas are relatively high in the future, the fleet could have difficulty actually catching the quota. EFH designations could result in gear/area closures in the future. Limiting at-sea processing of Atlantic mackerel would have uncertain economic effects. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0004D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100335, 591 pages, August 19, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Biologic Assessments KW - Conservation KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Recreation Resources Management KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Massachusetts KW - New Jersey KW - Rhode Island KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/758977757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=AMENDMENT+11+TO+THE+ATLANTIC+MACKEREL%2C+SQUID%2C+AND+BUTTERFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JANUARY+2010%29.&rft.title=AMENDMENT+11+TO+THE+ATLANTIC+MACKEREL%2C+SQUID%2C+AND+BUTTERFISH+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+DRAFT+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+JANUARY+2010%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, Massachusetts; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: August 19, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Options to accelerate ozone recovery: ozone and climate benefits AN - 807264694; 13703357 AB - Hypothetical reductions in future emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and N sub(2)O are evaluated in terms of effects on equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), globally-averaged total column ozone, and radiative forcing through 2100. Due to the established success of the Montreal Protocol, these actions can have only a fraction of the impact on ozone depletion that regulations already in force have had. If all anthropogenic ODS and N sub(2)O emissions were halted beginning in 2011, ozone is calculated to be higher by about 1-2% during the period 2030-2100 compared to a case of no additional restrictions. Direct radiative forcing by 2100 would be about 0.23 W/m super(2) lower from the elimination of anthropogenic N sub(2)O emissions and about 0.005 W/m super(2) lower from the destruction of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) bank. Due to the potential impact of N sub(2)O on future ozone levels, we provide an approach to incorporate it into the EESC formulation, which is used extensively in ozone depletion analyses. The ability of EESC to describe total ozone changes arising from additional ODS and N sub(2)O controls is also quantified. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Daniel, J S AU - Fleming, EL AU - Portmann, R W AU - Velder s, GJM AU - Jackman, CH AU - Ravishankara, A R AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305, USA Y1 - 2010/08/18/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 18 SP - 7697 EP - 7707 PB - European Geophysical Society, Max-Planck-Str. 13 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany VL - 10 IS - 16 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Chlorine KW - Ozone depletion KW - Chlorofluorocarbons KW - Radiative forcing KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emissions KW - Banks KW - Regulations KW - Ozone KW - Atmospheric Chemistry KW - Depletion KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Climates KW - Stratosphere KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental protection KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Canada, Quebec, Montreal KW - Montreal Protocol KW - Recovery KW - Future ozone levels KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Benefits KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807264694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Options+to+accelerate+ozone+recovery%3A+ozone+and+climate+benefits&rft.au=Daniel%2C+J+S%3BFleming%2C+EL%3BPortmann%2C+R+W%3BVelder+s%2C+GJM%3BJackman%2C+CH%3BRavishankara%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=7697&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrous oxide; Recovery; Atmospheric chemistry; Anthropogenic factors; Ecosystem disturbance; Ozone; Ozone depletion; Radiative forcing; Montreal Protocol; Future ozone levels; Chlorofluorocarbons; anthropogenic factors; Emissions; Chlorine; Environmental policy; Stratosphere; Environmental protection; Atmospheric Chemistry; Depletion; Climates; Banks; Regulations; Benefits; Canada, Quebec, Montreal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An empirically derived emission algorithm for wind-blown dust AN - 902334318; 13792741 AB - A wind-blown dust emission algorithm was developed by matching the frequency of high-aerosol optical depth (AOD) events derived from the MODIS Deep Blue algorithm with the frequency of friction velocities derived from National Centers for Environmental Predictionʼ s North American Mesoscale model. The threshold friction velocity is defined as the velocity that has the same frequency of as the 0.75 AOD. The AODs are converted to an emission flux that is used to compute the linear regression slope of the flux to the friction velocity. The slope represents the potential of a particular land surface to produce airborne dust and, in combination with the friction velocity, is used as a predictor for wind-blown dust emissions. Calculations for a test period of June and July 2007 showed the model prediction to capture the major measured plume events in timing and magnitude, although peak events tended to be overpredicted and many of the near-background level ambient concentrations were underpredicted. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres AU - Draxler, Roland R AU - Ginoux, Paul AU - Stein, Ariel F AD - Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2010/08/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 17 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org], [URL:http://www.agu.org] VL - 115 IS - D16 SN - 2169-897X, 2169-897X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - North America KW - Algorithms KW - Statistical analysis KW - Velocity KW - Dust KW - Dust emission KW - Optical analysis KW - Satellite data KW - Emissions KW - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) KW - Mesoscale models KW - Plumes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902334318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=An+empirically+derived+emission+algorithm+for+wind-blown+dust&rft.au=Draxler%2C+Roland+R%3BGinoux%2C+Paul%3BStein%2C+Ariel+F&rft.aulast=Draxler&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=2169897X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2009JD013167 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite data; Statistical analysis; Algorithms; Mesoscale models; MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer); Dust emission; Optical analysis; Emissions; Velocity; Plumes; Dust; North America DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013167 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrodynamics of a ship/whale collision AN - 815533284; 13367081 AB - All endangered large whale species are vulnerable to collisions with large ships; and "ship strikes" are the greatest known threat to one of the world's rarest whales, the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). The magnitude of this threat is likely to increase as maritime commerce expands. Factors influencing the incidence and severity of ship strikes are not well understood, although vessel speed appears to be a strong contributor. The purpose of this study was to characterize the hydrodynamic effects near a moving hull that may cause a whale to be drawn to or repelled from the hull, and to assess the accelerations exerted on a whale at the time of impact. Using scale models of a container ship and a right whale in experimental flow tanks, we assessed hydrodynamic effects and measured accelerations experienced by the whale model in the presence of a moving vessel. Accelerations at impact were measured while the whale was at the surface, for various vessel speeds, orientations of the whale relative to the vessel path, and distances off the direct path of the vessel. Accelerations experienced by the whale model in a collision: increased in magnitude with increasing ship speed; were not dependent on whale orientation to the vessel path; and decreased exponentially with increasing separation distances from the ship track. Subsequent experiments with the whale model submerged at one to two times the ship's draft indicated a pronounced propeller suction effect, a drawing of the whale toward the hull, and increased probability of propeller strikes resulting from this class of encounter. Measured accelerations are a proxy for impact severity, but do not constitute a detailed study of injury mechanism in a living animal, though they may help inform future work. We present a heuristic map of the hydrodynamic field around a transiting hull likely involved in close whale/vessel encounters. These results may have bearing on policy decisions, particularly those involving vessel speed, aimed at protecting large whales from ship strikes worldwide. JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology AU - Silber, Gregory K AU - Slutsky, Jonathan AU - Bettridge, Shannon AD - Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 1315 East-West Highway, F/PR2, SSMC III, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA, greg.silber@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 15 SP - 10 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 391 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-0981, 0022-0981 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ships KW - Containers KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Injuries KW - Orientation behaviour KW - whales KW - Models KW - Accidents KW - scale models KW - Propellers KW - Eubalaena glacialis KW - Marine KW - Policies KW - Hulls KW - Rare species KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - Acceleration KW - Marine mammals KW - Problem solving KW - vulnerability KW - Cetacea KW - Q2 09148:Palaeo-studies KW - O 7090:Instruments/Equipment KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815533284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Hydrodynamics+of+a+ship%2Fwhale+collision&rft.au=Silber%2C+Gregory+K%3BSlutsky%2C+Jonathan%3BBettridge%2C+Shannon&rft.aulast=Silber&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Marine+Biology+and+Ecology&rft.issn=00220981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2010.05.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ships; Policies; Accidents; Marine mammals; Hulls; Rare species; Propellers; Acceleration; Orientation behaviour; Injuries; Hydrodynamics; Problem solving; Models; Containers; scale models; vulnerability; whales; Cetacea; Eubalaena glacialis; AN, North Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.05.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domoic acid and human exposure risks: a review. AN - 733113943; 19505488 AB - Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin that is naturally produced by several diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. The toxin acts as a glutamate agonist and is excitotoxic in the vertebrate central nervous system and other glutamate receptor-rich organs. Human exposure to domoic acid occurs via the consumption of contaminated shellfish that have accumulated the toxin while filter feeding on toxigenic phytoplankton during blooms. The first reported human domoic acid poisoning event occurred in Canada in 1987 during which clinical signs of acute toxicity such as gastrointestinal distress, confusion, disorientation, memory loss, coma and death were observed. The illness was named amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) and due to effective seafood monitoring programs there have been no documented ASP cases since 1987. However, domoic acid poisoning has a significant effect on marine wildlife and multiple poisoning events have occurred in marine birds and mammals over the last few decades. Currently, domoic acid producing diatom blooms are thought to be increasing in frequency world wide, posing an increasing threat to wildlife and human health. Of particular concern are the potential impacts of long-term low-level exposure in "at risk" human populations. The impacts of repetitive low-level domoic acid exposure are currently unknown. This review provides a basic description of the mechanism of action of domoic acid as well as a synthesis of information pertaining to domoic acid exposure routes, toxin susceptibility, and the importance of effective monitoring programs. The importance of investigating the potential human health impacts of long-term low-level domoic acid exposure in "at risk" human populations is also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Lefebvre, Kathi A AU - Robertson, Alison AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Marine Biotoxins Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, United States. kathi.lefebvre@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 15 SP - 218 EP - 230 VL - 56 IS - 2 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Ecosystem KW - Shellfish -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Shellfish Poisoning -- etiology KW - Shellfish Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Neurotoxins -- poisoning KW - Kainic Acid -- poisoning KW - Kainic Acid -- chemistry KW - Harmful Algal Bloom KW - Neurotoxins -- chemistry KW - Marine Toxins -- poisoning KW - Marine Toxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733113943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Domoic+acid+and+human+exposure+risks%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Lefebvre%2C+Kathi+A%3BRobertson%2C+Alison&rft.aulast=Lefebvre&rft.aufirst=Kathi&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=1879-3150&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2009.05.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-08-24 N1 - Date created - 2010-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.034 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - AMENDMENT 17A TO THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SNAPPER GROUPER FISHERY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC. [Part 2 of 2] T2 - AMENDMENT 17A TO THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SNAPPER GROUPER FISHERY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC. AN - 873133504; 14573-9_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Snapper Grouper Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the South Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone is proposed. The most recent assessment for the red snapper stock in the South Atlantic indicates that the stock is experiencing overfishing and is overfished. A new benchmark assessment for red snapper is scheduled to be completed in December 2010. Current regulations for red snapper allow for a recreational bag limit of two fish per person per day and require a 20-inch total length minimum size limit for both commercial and recreational fishermen. A range of options that would balance positive ecosystem effects and negative socioeconomic effects are being considered for Amendment 17A and include implementation of a total prohibition of red snapper. However, a total prohibition of the fishery alone would not end overfishing because red snapper would still experience high levels of bycatch mortality. Alternatives that would prohibit the harvest of all snapper grouper species in certain areas, primarily off the coasts of Georgia and the north and central east coasts of Florida, are also under consideration. Measures to end overfishing analyzed in this final EIS span five categories of actions. The preferred alternative for establishing a proxy for maximum sustainable yield for red snapper would use a more conservative proxy and allow for less harvest. With regard to a red snapper rebuilding plan, the preferred alternatives would establish a rebuilding schedule of 35 years and would prohibit all harvest of red snapper in the commercial and recreational sectors and set an annual catch limit (ACL) of 101,000 pounds total kill or zero pounds landed catch. Preferred management measures would include closure of seven logbook grid areas to the harvest of all snapper grouper species totaling 9,588 square miles. Fishing would be allowed for species (with the exception of red snapper) in the closed area if fish were harvested with black sea bass pots or with spear fishing gear. With regard to the use of circle hooks, the preferred alternative would require the use of non-off set, non-stainless steel circle hooks when fishing for snapper grouper species with hook and line gear north of 28 degrees latitude. Finally, the preferred alternative regarding monitoring would establish a fishery-independent monitoring program that would track progress of red snapper using chevron traps, cameras, and hook and line at randomly selected stations. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of long-term management measures would end overfishing of the red snapper stock in the South Atlantic and help to rebuild the stock to ultimately achieve optimum yield while minimizing adverse social and economic effects. The gap between current landings of approximately 440,000 pounds and potential landings for a rebuilt stock of approximately 2.2 million pounds is an indication that future benefits from the fishery would outweigh the costs of implementing stringent management measures. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Prohibition of all harvest and possession of red snapper would reduce commercial net operating revenue by 4.3 percent. Grid closure alternatives would reduce commercial revenue an additional 4.9 percent to 13.7 percent. Adverse social effects on the commercial component of the recreational sector could result if angler demand substantially declines. The fishery-independent monitoring program would require increased funding and program planning. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0195D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100319, Final EIS--417 pages on CD-ROM, Appendices--CD-ROM, August 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Fisheries Surveys KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Florida KW - Georgia KW - North Carolina KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=AMENDMENT+17A+TO+THE+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+FOR+THE+SNAPPER+GROUPER+FISHERY+OF+THE+SOUTH+ATLANTIC.&rft.title=AMENDMENT+17A+TO+THE+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+FOR+THE+SNAPPER+GROUPER+FISHERY+OF+THE+SOUTH+ATLANTIC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Petersburg, Florida; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-23 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - AMENDMENT 17A TO THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SNAPPER GROUPER FISHERY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC. [Part 1 of 2] T2 - AMENDMENT 17A TO THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SNAPPER GROUPER FISHERY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC. AN - 873133496; 14573-9_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Snapper Grouper Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the South Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone is proposed. The most recent assessment for the red snapper stock in the South Atlantic indicates that the stock is experiencing overfishing and is overfished. A new benchmark assessment for red snapper is scheduled to be completed in December 2010. Current regulations for red snapper allow for a recreational bag limit of two fish per person per day and require a 20-inch total length minimum size limit for both commercial and recreational fishermen. A range of options that would balance positive ecosystem effects and negative socioeconomic effects are being considered for Amendment 17A and include implementation of a total prohibition of red snapper. However, a total prohibition of the fishery alone would not end overfishing because red snapper would still experience high levels of bycatch mortality. Alternatives that would prohibit the harvest of all snapper grouper species in certain areas, primarily off the coasts of Georgia and the north and central east coasts of Florida, are also under consideration. Measures to end overfishing analyzed in this final EIS span five categories of actions. The preferred alternative for establishing a proxy for maximum sustainable yield for red snapper would use a more conservative proxy and allow for less harvest. With regard to a red snapper rebuilding plan, the preferred alternatives would establish a rebuilding schedule of 35 years and would prohibit all harvest of red snapper in the commercial and recreational sectors and set an annual catch limit (ACL) of 101,000 pounds total kill or zero pounds landed catch. Preferred management measures would include closure of seven logbook grid areas to the harvest of all snapper grouper species totaling 9,588 square miles. Fishing would be allowed for species (with the exception of red snapper) in the closed area if fish were harvested with black sea bass pots or with spear fishing gear. With regard to the use of circle hooks, the preferred alternative would require the use of non-off set, non-stainless steel circle hooks when fishing for snapper grouper species with hook and line gear north of 28 degrees latitude. Finally, the preferred alternative regarding monitoring would establish a fishery-independent monitoring program that would track progress of red snapper using chevron traps, cameras, and hook and line at randomly selected stations. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of long-term management measures would end overfishing of the red snapper stock in the South Atlantic and help to rebuild the stock to ultimately achieve optimum yield while minimizing adverse social and economic effects. The gap between current landings of approximately 440,000 pounds and potential landings for a rebuilt stock of approximately 2.2 million pounds is an indication that future benefits from the fishery would outweigh the costs of implementing stringent management measures. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Prohibition of all harvest and possession of red snapper would reduce commercial net operating revenue by 4.3 percent. Grid closure alternatives would reduce commercial revenue an additional 4.9 percent to 13.7 percent. Adverse social effects on the commercial component of the recreational sector could result if angler demand substantially declines. The fishery-independent monitoring program would require increased funding and program planning. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0195D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100319, Final EIS--417 pages on CD-ROM, Appendices--CD-ROM, August 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Fisheries Surveys KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Florida KW - Georgia KW - North Carolina KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=AMENDMENT+17A+TO+THE+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+FOR+THE+SNAPPER+GROUPER+FISHERY+OF+THE+SOUTH+ATLANTIC.&rft.title=AMENDMENT+17A+TO+THE+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+FOR+THE+SNAPPER+GROUPER+FISHERY+OF+THE+SOUTH+ATLANTIC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Petersburg, Florida; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-23 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary AN - 851473144; 14265327 AB - Puget Sound is a large estuary complex in the U.S. Pacific Northwest that is home to a diverse and economically important ecosystem threatened by anthropogenic impacts associated with climate change, urbanization, and ocean acidification. While ocean acidification has been studied in oceanic waters, little is known regarding its status in estuaries. Anthropogenically acidified coastal waters upwelling along the western North American continental margin can enter Puget Sound through the Strait of Juan de Fuca. In order to study the combined effects of ocean acidification and other natural and anthropogenic processes on Puget Sound waters, we made the first inorganic carbon measurements in this estuary on two survey cruises in February and August of 2008. Observed pH and aragonite saturation state values in surface and subsurface waters were substantially lower in parts of Puget Sound than would be expected from anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake alone. We estimate that ocean acidification can account for 24-49% of the pH decrease in the deep waters of the Hood Canal sub-basin of Puget Sound relative to estimated pre-industrial values. The remaining change in pH between when seawater enters the sound and when it reaches this deep basin results from remineralization of organic matter due to natural or anthropogenically stimulated respiration processes within Puget Sound. Over time, however, the relative impact of ocean acidification could increase significantly, accounting for 49-82% of the pH decrease in subsurface waters for a doubling of atmospheric CO2. These changes may have profound impacts on the Puget Sound ecosystem over the next several decades. These estimates suggest that the role ocean acidification will play in estuaries may be different from the open ocean. JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Feely, Richard A AU - Alin, Simone R AU - Newton, Jan AU - Sabine, Christopher L AU - Warner, Mark AU - Devol, Allan AU - Krembs, Christopher AU - Maloy, Carol AD - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA, richard.a.feely@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08/10/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 10 SP - 442 EP - 449 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Upwelling KW - Climatic changes KW - Basins KW - Deep water KW - Remineralization KW - Marine environment KW - Sound KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - anthropogenic factors KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Coastal waters KW - Canals KW - Carbon dioxide KW - carbonates KW - Urbanization KW - Surface water KW - Respiration KW - Climate change KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound, Hood Canal KW - Carbon KW - Acidification KW - Oceanographic cruise data KW - Organic matter KW - Oceans KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - Subsurface water KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851473144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.atitle=The+combined+effects+of+ocean+acidification%2C+mixing%2C+and+respiration+on+pH+and+carbonate+saturation+in+an+urbanized+estuary&rft.au=Feely%2C+Richard+A%3BAlin%2C+Simone+R%3BNewton%2C+Jan%3BSabine%2C+Christopher+L%3BWarner%2C+Mark%3BDevol%2C+Allan%3BKrembs%2C+Christopher%3BMaloy%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Feely&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2010.05.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urbanization; Upwelling; Respiration; Estuaries; Anthropogenic factors; Acidification; Carbon dioxide; Subsurface water; Deep water; Organic matter; Climatic changes; Basins; Coastal waters; Canals; Remineralization; Carbon; Marine environment; Oceans; Sound; pH effects; carbonates; Climate change; Oceanographic cruise data; Surface water; anthropogenic factors; pH; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound, Hood Canal; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.004 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - AMENDMENT 17A TO THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SNAPPER GROUPER FISHERY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC. AN - 755143355; 14573 AB - PURPOSE: The amendment of the Snapper Grouper Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the South Atlantic Exclusive Economic Zone is proposed. The most recent assessment for the red snapper stock in the South Atlantic indicates that the stock is experiencing overfishing and is overfished. A new benchmark assessment for red snapper is scheduled to be completed in December 2010. Current regulations for red snapper allow for a recreational bag limit of two fish per person per day and require a 20-inch total length minimum size limit for both commercial and recreational fishermen. A range of options that would balance positive ecosystem effects and negative socioeconomic effects are being considered for Amendment 17A and include implementation of a total prohibition of red snapper. However, a total prohibition of the fishery alone would not end overfishing because red snapper would still experience high levels of bycatch mortality. Alternatives that would prohibit the harvest of all snapper grouper species in certain areas, primarily off the coasts of Georgia and the north and central east coasts of Florida, are also under consideration. Measures to end overfishing analyzed in this final EIS span five categories of actions. The preferred alternative for establishing a proxy for maximum sustainable yield for red snapper would use a more conservative proxy and allow for less harvest. With regard to a red snapper rebuilding plan, the preferred alternatives would establish a rebuilding schedule of 35 years and would prohibit all harvest of red snapper in the commercial and recreational sectors and set an annual catch limit (ACL) of 101,000 pounds total kill or zero pounds landed catch. Preferred management measures would include closure of seven logbook grid areas to the harvest of all snapper grouper species totaling 9,588 square miles. Fishing would be allowed for species (with the exception of red snapper) in the closed area if fish were harvested with black sea bass pots or with spear fishing gear. With regard to the use of circle hooks, the preferred alternative would require the use of non-off set, non-stainless steel circle hooks when fishing for snapper grouper species with hook and line gear north of 28 degrees latitude. Finally, the preferred alternative regarding monitoring would establish a fishery-independent monitoring program that would track progress of red snapper using chevron traps, cameras, and hook and line at randomly selected stations. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of long-term management measures would end overfishing of the red snapper stock in the South Atlantic and help to rebuild the stock to ultimately achieve optimum yield while minimizing adverse social and economic effects. The gap between current landings of approximately 440,000 pounds and potential landings for a rebuilt stock of approximately 2.2 million pounds is an indication that future benefits from the fishery would outweigh the costs of implementing stringent management measures. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Prohibition of all harvest and possession of red snapper would reduce commercial net operating revenue by 4.3 percent. Grid closure alternatives would reduce commercial revenue an additional 4.9 percent to 13.7 percent. Adverse social effects on the commercial component of the recreational sector could result if angler demand substantially declines. The fishery-independent monitoring program would require increased funding and program planning. LEGAL MANDATES: Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0195D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100319, Final EIS--417 pages on CD-ROM, Appendices--CD-ROM, August 10, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Fisheries KW - Fisheries Management KW - Fisheries Surveys KW - Recreation Resources KW - Regulations KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Florida KW - Georgia KW - North Carolina KW - South Carolina KW - Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755143355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=AMENDMENT+17A+TO+THE+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+FOR+THE+SNAPPER+GROUPER+FISHERY+OF+THE+SOUTH+ATLANTIC.&rft.title=AMENDMENT+17A+TO+THE+FISHERY+MANAGEMENT+PLAN+FOR+THE+SNAPPER+GROUPER+FISHERY+OF+THE+SOUTH+ATLANTIC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Petersburg, Florida; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-23 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inorganic and organic nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the stratified Mid-Atlantic Bight AN - 1671503186; 13218319 AB - Little is known about the relative importance of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) sources in fueling production of phytoplankton versus heterotrophic bacteria on the continental shelf. This issue was addressed during two diel experiments conducted in the Mid-Atlantic Bight at the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory, LEO-15, off southern New Jersey. Uptake of 15N-labeled ammonium (NH4 super(+)), nitrate (NO3 super(-)), and nitrite (NO2 super(-)), and dual-labeled (15N and 13C) urea and dissolved free amino acids was measured in water taken from the surface and bottom mixed layers approximately every 4h over two 24h periods in July 2002. Two methods were used to quantify 15N uptake rates: (1) traditional filtration into various phytoplankton and bacterial size classes, and (2) flow cytometric (FCM) sorting of autotrophic cells based on the presence of chlorophyll autofluorescence. Due to a strong pycnocline, the nutrient composition was quite distinct between the surface and bottom mixed layers. Dissolved organic N (DON) comprised >99% of the total dissolved N (TDN) pool in surface waters, whereas the bottom-water TDN pool was roughly divided between NH4 super(+), NO3 super(-), and DON. Urea was the dominant N form used by all fractions at the surface, and although phytoplankton >3 mu m was responsible for most of the urea uptake, bacterial use was detected using stable isotopes and also suggested by ureC sequence analysis. The majority of ureC sequences recovered from the 0.2-0.8 mu m fraction belonged to members of the Alphaproteobacteria (46%), whereas those of the 0.8-3.0 mu m size class consisted primarily of Cyanobacteria (70%). In contrast to the surface, N uptake in the bottom layer was dominated by NH4 super(+). The bacterial fraction was responsible for 20-49% of the size-fractionated NH4 super(+) and NO3a uptake in surface samples and 36-93% at the bottom. These results suggest that organic N, such as urea, is a viable source of N nutrition to phytoplankton forced to compete with heterotrophic bacteria for limited inorganic N. JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Bradley, Paul B AU - Sanderson, Marta P AU - Frischer, Marc E AU - Brofft, Jennifer AU - Booth, Melissa G AU - Kerkhof, Lee J AU - Bronk, Deborah A AD - Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA paul.bradley@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08/10/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 10 SP - 429 EP - 441 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Chlorophylls KW - Bacteria KW - Ureas KW - Uptakes KW - Surface water KW - Pools KW - Phytoplankton KW - Dissolution KW - Nutrition KW - Brackish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671503186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.atitle=Inorganic+and+organic+nitrogen+uptake+by+phytoplankton+and+heterotrophic+bacteria+in+the+stratified+Mid-Atlantic+Bight&rft.au=Bradley%2C+Paul+B%3BSanderson%2C+Marta+P%3BFrischer%2C+Marc+E%3BBrofft%2C+Jennifer%3BBooth%2C+Melissa+G%3BKerkhof%2C+Lee+J%3BBronk%2C+Deborah+A&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2010.02.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.02.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic optimisation of wildfire intervention activities AN - 755138011; 13638354 AB - We describe how two important tools of wildfire management, wildfire prevention education and prescribed fire for fuels management, can be coordinated to minimise the combination of management costs and expected societal losses resulting from wildland fire. We present a long-run model that accounts for the dynamics of wildfire, the effects of fuels management on wildfire ignition risk and area burned, and the effects of wildfire prevention education on the ignition risk of human-caused, unintentional wildfires. Based on wildfire management activities in Florida from 2002 to 2007, we find that although wildfire prevention education and prescribed fire have different effects on timing and types of fires, the optimal solution is to increase both interventions. Prescribed fire affects whole landscapes and therefore reduces losses from all wildfire types (including lightning), whereas wildfire prevention education reduces only human-caused ignitions. However, prescribed fire offers a longer-term solution with little short-term flexibility. Wildfire prevention education programs, by comparison, are more flexible, both in time and space, and can respond to unexpected outbreaks, but with limited mitigation longevity. Only when used together in a coordinated effort do we find the costs and losses from unintentional wildfires are minimised. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Butry, David T AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P AU - Abt, Karen L AU - Sutphen, Ronda AD - Office of Applied Economics, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8603, USA Y1 - 2010/08/09/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 09 SP - 659 EP - 672 PB - CSIRO Publishing, PO Box 1139 Collingwood Vic. 3066 Australia VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - wildfire KW - Fires KW - USA, Florida KW - Fuels KW - Intervention KW - Education KW - wildland fire KW - Prevention KW - Wildfire KW - intervention KW - Economics KW - prevention KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755138011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Economic+optimisation+of+wildfire+intervention+activities&rft.au=Butry%2C+David+T%3BPrestemon%2C+Jeffrey+P%3BAbt%2C+Karen+L%3BSutphen%2C+Ronda&rft.aulast=Butry&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FWF09090 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; wildfire; Prevention; wildland fire; Education; Wildfire; Fuels; intervention; Economics; prevention; Intervention; USA, Florida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF09090 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - CORAL RESTORATION IN THE FLORIDA KEYS AND FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES. AN - 755143116; 14571 AB - PURPOSE: Measures to restore coral reef habitat in the Gulf of Mexico waters of the National Marine Sanctuary System are described and assessed. Coral reefs serve as habitat and a source of food for numerous species of plants and animals, including federally protected fish and shellfish species, and the viability of the recreational and commercial fishing sectors depends on healthy reef communities. Reefs also function as storm barriers and associated seagrass beds and mangroves serve as natural filters to reduce sediment levels in seawater. The sanctuaries intended to benefit from these measures would include the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (NMS) and the Flower Garden Banks NMS. The former, located seaward of the Florida Keys is one of the largest bank-barrier reef systems in the world. Ranging in depth from just below the surface to a meter, the reef extends 356 kilometers from Miami to the Tortugas region. Flower Garden Banks NMS, located 70 to 110 miles off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana, constitutes the northernmost coral banks in the United States and serves as a reservoir of shallow water Caribbean reef fishes and invertebrates. The Banks are surface expressions of salt domes dating back to170 million years ago. The sanctuaries are premier recreational destinations and support significant commercial fisheries. This programmatic EIS process addresses the current technologies available for effective restoration of coral to provide a basis for the selection and implementation of action when necessary. Techniques considered in this final EIS include debris and vessel removal, sediment and rubble removal, substrate stabilization, placement of boulders and preformed modules, placement of revetment mats, and reattachment and transplantation of coral. In many cases, a combination of techniques may be employed for a single restoration effort. The program would not cover restoration techniques for injuries to coral resulting from oil spills or hazardous substance releases. The proposing agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, does not typically undertake coral restoration after major storm events such as hurricanes, with the exception of removal of grounded or abandoned vessels and marine debris such as lobster or stone crab traps. POSITIVE IMPACTS: In the long-term, the selected techniques would re-establish natural coral reef habitat, which is essential to the maintenance of homeostasis within the world marine ecosystem. Environmental review of restoration projects would be streamlined and the critical ecological and economic functions of coral communities would be protected, enhanced, and expanded. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The proposed actions would address just a small percentage of the natural and anthropogenic impacts currently affecting coral communities. LEGAL MANDATES: Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Protection Act of 1990 and National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 08-0355D, Volume 32, Number 3. JF - EPA number: 100317, 109 pages, August 5, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Corals KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Fish KW - Fisheries KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Marine Systems KW - Preserves KW - Recreation Resources KW - Reefs KW - Vegetation KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Florida KW - Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary KW - Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Texas KW - Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Protection Act of 1990, Compliance KW - National Marine Sanctuaries Act, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755143116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-08-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=CORAL+RESTORATION+IN+THE+FLORIDA+KEYS+AND+FLOWER+GARDEN+BANKS+NATIONAL+MARINE+SANCTUARIES.&rft.title=CORAL+RESTORATION+IN+THE+FLORIDA+KEYS+AND+FLOWER+GARDEN+BANKS+NATIONAL+MARINE+SANCTUARIES.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-23 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 5, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrothermal cooling along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: No evidence for discharge beyond the neovolcanic zone AN - 754558096; 13359569 AB - Heat transported from the mantle beneath spreading centers creates an astonishingly narrow ribbon of convective heat discharge at plate boundaries, as apparently demonstrated by exhaustive exploration for hydrothermal discharge sites over the last three decades. Recent observations and models are now challenging this assumption of exclusively axis-centric high-temperature venting. One example is the proposal that intense cooling along the vertical boundaries of a broad low-velocity volume (LVV) of hot crust could generate high-temperature fluids several kilometers off axis. To test the hypothesis that substantial hydrothermal discharge might occur beyond the LVV, we conducted a dense survey grid of the ridge and surrounding seafloor (up to c5 km) along 175 km of the Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge (~1800 km of track line). Our sampling array extended from ~50 to 400 m above bottom and included light-scattering, oxidation-reduction potential, and hydrographic sensors attached to the tow line and beneath the IMI120 sonar mapping system. The surveys successfully mapped plumes from several vent fields in the neovolcanic zone (~c1.5 km about the axis) but did not detect evidence of significant discharge anywhere farther off-axis. At a few locations on the Valu Fa Ridge, however, we did record oxidation-reduction potential anomalies with hydrographic density signatures that imply low-temperature hydrothermal sources on the axial flank. Although these sites are hundreds of meters deeper than the adjacent crest, they are above, not beyond, the previously mapped LVV. Our results thus do not support a simple picture of high-temperature fluids ascending undiluted through the crust to the seafloor several kilometers off-axis. However, we cannot exclude the possibilities that the largely unmapped LVV is narrower here than seen on other ridges, that hydrothermal fluids formed beyond the LVV are channeled to the axis, or that discharge beyond the neovolcanic zone occurs only as dispersed, very low-temperature fluids. Our observations do demonstrate that high-temperature discharge predominantly exits the seafloor within a narrow (~c1.5 km) axial ribbon, regardless of the presence or absence of an axial magma chamber. JF - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems AU - Baker, Edward T AU - Martinez, Fernando AU - Resing, Joseph A AU - Walker, Sharon L AU - Buck, Nathaniel J AU - Edwards, Margo H AD - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, USA Y1 - 2010/08/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA VL - 11 IS - 08 SN - 1525-2027, 1525-2027 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Plate boundaries KW - Sensors KW - Sonar KW - ISE, Pacific, Lau Basin, Valu Fa Ridge KW - Surveys KW - Cooling KW - Oxidation-reduction Potential KW - Magma chambers KW - Heat KW - Boundaries KW - Exploration KW - Sampling KW - Geophysics KW - Ocean floor KW - Plumes KW - Hydrothermal fields KW - Q2 09268:Heat flow KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754558096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochemistry%2C+Geophysics%2C+Geosystems&rft.atitle=Hydrothermal+cooling+along+the+Eastern+Lau+Spreading+Center%3A+No+evidence+for+discharge+beyond+the+neovolcanic+zone&rft.au=Baker%2C+Edward+T%3BMartinez%2C+Fernando%3BResing%2C+Joseph+A%3BWalker%2C+Sharon+L%3BBuck%2C+Nathaniel+J%3BEdwards%2C+Margo+H&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=08&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochemistry%2C+Geophysics%2C+Geosystems&rft.issn=15252027&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GC003106 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magma chambers; Plate boundaries; Sensors; Geophysics; Ocean floor; Hydrothermal fields; Sonar; Heat; Boundaries; Surveys; Exploration; Sampling; Plumes; Oxidation-reduction Potential; Cooling; ISE, Pacific, Lau Basin, Valu Fa Ridge; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003106 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identifying parameters to describe local land-atmosphere coupling T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1313026659; 6032459 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Ek, M. AU - Jacobs, C AU - Santanello, J AU - Tuinenburg, O Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313026659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Identifying+parameters+to+describe+local+land-atmosphere+coupling&rft.au=Ek%2C+M.%3BJacobs%2C+C%3BSantanello%2C+J%3BTuinenburg%2C+O&rft.aulast=Ek&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigation of Long-Term Impacts of Urbanization when Considering Global Warming for a Coastal Tropical Region T2 - Ninth Symposium on the Urban Environment AN - 1313021434; 6032624 JF - Ninth Symposium on the Urban Environment AU - Gonzalez, Jorge AU - Comarazamy, D AU - Luvall, J AU - Rickman, D AU - Smith, T Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Urbanization KW - Climatic changes KW - Global warming KW - Tropical environments KW - Greenhouse gases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313021434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Ninth+Symposium+on+the+Urban+Environment&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+Long-Term+Impacts+of+Urbanization+when+Considering+Global+Warming+for+a+Coastal+Tropical+Region&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+Jorge%3BComarazamy%2C+D%3BLuvall%2C+J%3BRickman%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+T&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ninth+Symposium+on+the+Urban+Environment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_639.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Annual variability of boundary layer height and its correlation to surface meteorological variables in the California valley T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1313019719; 6032555 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Bianco, Laura AU - Djalalova, I AU - King, C AU - Wilczak, J Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - USA, California KW - Boundary layers KW - valleys KW - Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313019719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Annual+variability+of+boundary+layer+height+and+its+correlation+to+surface+meteorological+variables+in+the+California+valley&rft.au=Bianco%2C+Laura%3BDjalalova%2C+I%3BKing%2C+C%3BWilczak%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bianco&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Trademarking Intellctual Property T2 - 2010 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS 2010) AN - 1313004456; 6023264 JF - 2010 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS 2010) AU - Rodriguez, John Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Agriculture KW - Food sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313004456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Annual+Conference+of+the+American+Society+for+Horticultural+Science+%28ASHS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Trademarking+Intellctual+Property&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+John&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Annual+Conference+of+the+American+Society+for+Horticultural+Science+%28ASHS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ashs.org/downloads/2010_conference-program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Retrieval of cloud microphysical and turbulence profiles using the NOAA/PSD W-band cloud radar from R/V Ronald H. Brown during the VOCALS-REx field program T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312976922; 6032437 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Fairall, Christopher AU - de Szoeke, S. AU - Brewer, W AU - Zuidema, P AU - Ghate, V Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Clouds KW - Radar KW - Turbulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312976922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Retrieval+of+cloud+microphysical+and+turbulence+profiles+using+the+NOAA%2FPSD+W-band+cloud+radar+from+R%2FV+Ronald+H.+Brown+during+the+VOCALS-REx+field+program&rft.au=Fairall%2C+Christopher%3Bde+Szoeke%2C+S.%3BBrewer%2C+W%3BZuidema%2C+P%3BGhate%2C+V&rft.aulast=Fairall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Role of Aerosols on Precipitation for the New York Metro Region T2 - Ninth Symposium on the Urban Environment AN - 1312970774; 6032575 JF - Ninth Symposium on the Urban Environment AU - Gonzalez, Jorge AU - Hosannah, N AU - Gross, B Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - USA, New York KW - Aerosols KW - Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312970774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Ninth+Symposium+on+the+Urban+Environment&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Aerosols+on+Precipitation+for+the+New+York+Metro+Region&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+Jorge%3BHosannah%2C+N%3BGross%2C+B&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ninth+Symposium+on+the+Urban+Environment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_639.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A moist vertical turbulence mixing parameterization in the NCEP GFS T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312967701; 6032536 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Han, Jongil AU - Pan, H Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Turbulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312967701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=A+moist+vertical+turbulence+mixing+parameterization+in+the+NCEP+GFS&rft.au=Han%2C+Jongil%3BPan%2C+H&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Jongil&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impacts of cloud microphysics and surface characteristics on the Arctic cloud-atmospheric boundary layer-surface (CAS) system in observations and WRF simulations T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312966902; 6032511 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Persson, P AU - Solomon, A AU - Shupe, M AU - Morrison, H AU - Birch, C Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Arctic KW - Polar environments KW - Simulation KW - Clouds KW - Boundaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312966902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+cloud+microphysics+and+surface+characteristics+on+the+Arctic+cloud-atmospheric+boundary+layer-surface+%28CAS%29+system+in+observations+and+WRF+simulations&rft.au=Persson%2C+P%3BSolomon%2C+A%3BShupe%2C+M%3BMorrison%2C+H%3BBirch%2C+C&rft.aulast=Persson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Outlier problem for gradient-based scaling in the stable boundary layer T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312961804; 6032561 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Grachev, Andrey AU - Andreas, E AU - Fairall, C AU - Guest, P AU - Persson, P Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - scaling KW - Boundary layers KW - Scaling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312961804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Outlier+problem+for+gradient-based+scaling+in+the+stable+boundary+layer&rft.au=Grachev%2C+Andrey%3BAndreas%2C+E%3BFairall%2C+C%3BGuest%2C+P%3BPersson%2C+P&rft.aulast=Grachev&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Litter and soil respiration in a mixed hardwood forest in eastern Tennessee T2 - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AN - 1312961642; 6032329 JF - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Kochendorfer, John AU - Heuer, M AU - Sloop, K AU - Wilson, T AU - Meyers, T Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Soil KW - Respiration KW - Forests KW - hardwoods KW - Litter KW - Hardwoods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312961642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Litter+and+soil+respiration+in+a+mixed+hardwood+forest+in+eastern+Tennessee&rft.au=Kochendorfer%2C+John%3BHeuer%2C+M%3BSloop%2C+K%3BWilson%2C+T%3BMeyers%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kochendorfer&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_636.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Field Estimates of Sonic Anemometer Angle of Attack Errors T2 - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AN - 1312961448; 6032328 JF - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Meyers, Tilden AU - Kochendorfer, J AU - Heuer, M Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Measuring instruments KW - Anemometers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312961448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Field+Estimates+of+Sonic+Anemometer+Angle+of+Attack+Errors&rft.au=Meyers%2C+Tilden%3BKochendorfer%2C+J%3BHeuer%2C+M&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Tilden&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_636.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling of boundary layer processes affecting ozone in the complex terrains of California during PreCalNex 2009 field campaign T2 - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AN - 1312951092; 6032391 JF - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Kim, S.-W. AU - Lee, S. -. H. AU - Angevine, W AU - Trainer, M AU - Senff, C AU - Langford, A AU - Alvarez, R AU - Banta, R AU - Hardesty, R Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - USA, California KW - Ozone KW - Boundary layers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312951092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+boundary+layer+processes+affecting+ozone+in+the+complex+terrains+of+California+during+PreCalNex+2009+field+campaign&rft.au=Kim%2C+S.-W.%3BLee%2C+S.+-.+H.%3BAngevine%2C+W%3BTrainer%2C+M%3BSenff%2C+C%3BLangford%2C+A%3BAlvarez%2C+R%3BBanta%2C+R%3BHardesty%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=S.-W.&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_636.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Observational and measurement requirements in the boundary layer for wind energy T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312948731; 6032493 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Banta, Robert AU - Pichugina, Y AU - Kelley, N AU - Brewer, W AU - Hardesty, R Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - wind measurement KW - Wind energy KW - Boundary layers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312948731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Observational+and+measurement+requirements+in+the+boundary+layer+for+wind+energy&rft.au=Banta%2C+Robert%3BPichugina%2C+Y%3BKelley%2C+N%3BBrewer%2C+W%3BHardesty%2C+R&rft.aulast=Banta&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An investigation of a simulated low-level jet produced by different PBL schemes in the WRF-ARW as verified against tower data T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312948440; 6032504 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Olson, Joseph AU - Brown, J Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Data processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312948440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=An+investigation+of+a+simulated+low-level+jet+produced+by+different+PBL+schemes+in+the+WRF-ARW+as+verified+against+tower+data&rft.au=Olson%2C+Joseph%3BBrown%2C+J&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Total Energy - Mass Flux PBL scheme in WRF: Experience in real-time forecasts for California T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312947703; 6032538 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Angevine, Wayne AU - Mauritsen, T Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - USA, California KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312947703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=The+Total+Energy+-+Mass+Flux+PBL+scheme+in+WRF%3A+Experience+in+real-time+forecasts+for+California&rft.au=Angevine%2C+Wayne%3BMauritsen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Angevine&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Simulating the effect of surface residue on the energy, water and carbon budgets within and above a temperate deciduous forest T2 - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AN - 1312944718; 6032270 JF - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Wilson, Tim AU - Meyers, T AU - Kochendorfer, J AU - Heuer, M AU - Miller, J Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - budgets KW - Residues KW - deciduous forests KW - Carbon KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312944718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Simulating+the+effect+of+surface+residue+on+the+energy%2C+water+and+carbon+budgets+within+and+above+a+temperate+deciduous+forest&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Tim%3BMeyers%2C+T%3BKochendorfer%2C+J%3BHeuer%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_636.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Flux measurements over heterogeneous surfaces: error estimates and fetch requirements T2 - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AN - 1312940106; 6032375 JF - 29th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Kochendorfer, John AU - Paw U, K Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Fetch UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312940106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Flux+measurements+over+heterogeneous+surfaces%3A+error+estimates+and+fetch+requirements&rft.au=Kochendorfer%2C+John%3BPaw+U%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kochendorfer&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=29th+Conference+on+Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_636.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Climatological Characteristics of Surface-Based Inversions over the Arctic and Antarctic T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312939752; 6032559 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Zhang, Yehui AU - Seidel, D AU - Golaz, J AU - Deser, C AU - Tomas, R AU - Kay, J AU - Ao, C. AU - Medeiros, B AU - Park, S Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Arctic KW - Polar environments KW - Inversion KW - Climate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312939752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Climatological+Characteristics+of+Surface-Based+Inversions+over+the+Arctic+and+Antarctic&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yehui%3BSeidel%2C+D%3BGolaz%2C+J%3BDeser%2C+C%3BTomas%2C+R%3BKay%2C+J%3BAo%2C+C.%3BMedeiros%2C+B%3BPark%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yehui&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigation of mixing in a coupled air quality and weather prediction model T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312921446; 6032515 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Djalalova, Irina AU - Grell, E AU - Bao, J Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Air quality KW - prediction models KW - Weather forecasting KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312921446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+mixing+in+a+coupled+air+quality+and+weather+prediction+model&rft.au=Djalalova%2C+Irina%3BGrell%2C+E%3BBao%2C+J&rft.aulast=Djalalova&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of Indian Ocean sea-level change in a warming climate AN - 959094335; 2012-033738 JF - Nature Geoscience AU - Han, Weiqing AU - Meehl, Gerald A AU - Rajagopalan, Balaji AU - Fasullo, John T AU - Hu, Aixue AU - Lin, Jialin AU - Large, William G AU - Wang, Jih-wang AU - Quan, Xiao-Wei AU - Trenary, Laurie L AU - Wallcraft, Alan AU - Shinoda, Toshiaki AU - Yeager, Stephen Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 546 EP - 550 PB - Nature Publishing Group, London VL - 3 IS - 8 SN - 1752-0894, 1752-0894 KW - ocean circulation KW - monitoring KW - numerical models KW - statistical analysis KW - global change KW - climate change KW - variations KW - tides KW - sea-level changes KW - Indian Ocean KW - winds KW - meltwater KW - global warming KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959094335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Indian+Ocean+sea-level+change+in+a+warming+climate&rft.au=Han%2C+Weiqing%3BMeehl%2C+Gerald+A%3BRajagopalan%2C+Balaji%3BFasullo%2C+John+T%3BHu%2C+Aixue%3BLin%2C+Jialin%3BLarge%2C+William+G%3BWang%2C+Jih-wang%3BQuan%2C+Xiao-Wei%3BTrenary%2C+Laurie+L%3BWallcraft%2C+Alan%3BShinoda%2C+Toshiaki%3BYeager%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Weiqing&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=546&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Geoscience&rft.issn=17520894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fngeo901 L2 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/index.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate change; global change; global warming; Indian Ocean; meltwater; monitoring; numerical models; ocean circulation; sea-level changes; statistical analysis; tides; variations; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo901 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improvement of the use of MSG and GOES data in the NCEP GDAS AN - 880656013; 14781315 AB - Infrared (IR) observations from Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)-2 satellite are assimilated into NCEP global data assimilation system (GDAS). The assimilation of current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager data was also reinvestigated. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) was used as observation operator for the assimilation of SEVIRI radiance observations. The CRTM was enhanced with several critical components for IR radiance assimilation, such as a dynamically-updated land surface emissivity data, as well as fast and accurate gaseous absorption modules. The Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) calibration corrections were applied to improve the simulation of SEVIRI and GOES Imager radiances. Preliminary results show that inclusions of the SEVIRI radiances at water vapor channels (6.25 and 7.35 micron) and CO2 channel (13.4 micron) in Global Forecast System (GFS) produced significant positive impacts on the six-day forecasts. Assimilation of other five SEVIRI IR window channels in GFS reduces the positive impact. By applying GSICS calibration algorithm to correct SEVIRI and GOES-12 Imager observations biases, the impacts on GFS forecast were improved. Further studies are being carried out to improve the effective assimilation of SEVIRI IR window channels radiances. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering AU - Zhu, Tong AU - Weng, Fuzhong AU - Liu, Haixia AU - Derber, John AD - CIRA/Colorado State Univ. (USA) and NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (USA) Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 PB - SPIE, P.O. BOX 10 Bellingham WA 98227-0010 USA VL - 7811 SN - 0277-786X, 0277-786X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Channels KW - Data collection KW - Remote sensing KW - Absorption KW - Simulation KW - water vapor KW - Carbon dioxide KW - radiative transfer KW - Satellites KW - ENA 08:International UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/880656013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Improvement+of+the+use+of+MSG+and+GOES+data+in+the+NCEP+GDAS&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Tong%3BWeng%2C+Fuzhong%3BLiu%2C+Haixia%3BDerber%2C+John&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Tong&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=7811&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Data collection; Absorption; Remote sensing; Simulation; water vapor; radiative transfer; Carbon dioxide; Satellites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impacts of the 9 April 2009 Dust and Smoke on Convection AN - 877577515; 13712095 JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Lindsey, Daniel T AU - Miller, Steven D AU - Grasso, Louie AD - NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/RAMMB, Fort Collins, Colorado Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 991 EP - 995 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 91 IS - 8 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Smoke KW - Convection KW - Convection development KW - American Meteorological Society KW - Dusts KW - Dust KW - M2 551.558:Vertical Air Motion (551.558) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - Q2 09106:Conferences and other meetings KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877577515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=The+Impacts+of+the+9+April+2009+Dust+and+Smoke+on+Convection&rft.au=Lindsey%2C+Daniel+T%3BMiller%2C+Steven+D%3BGrasso%2C+Louie&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2964.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Smoke; Dust; Convection development; American Meteorological Society; Dusts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS2964.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optical trapping meets atomic force microscoPD: a precision force microscope for biophysics AN - 875064339; 14780354 AB - Mechanical drift between an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and sample is a longstanding problem that limits tipsample stability, registration, and the signal-to-noise ratio during imaging. We demonstrate a robust solution to drift that enables novel precision measurements, especially of biological macromolecules in physiologically relevant conditions. Our strategy - inspired by precision optical trapping microscopy - is to actively stabilize both the tip and the sample using locally generated optical signals. In particular, we scatter a laser off the apex of commercial AFM tips and use the scattered light to locally measure and thereby actively control the tip's three-dimensional position above a sample surface with atomic precision in ambient conditions. With this enhanced stability, we overcome the traditional need to scan rapidly while imaging and achieve a 5-fold increase in the image signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we demonstrate atomic-scale ( 100 pm) tip-sample stability and registration over tens of minutes with a series of AFM images. The stabilization technique requires low laser power (<1 mW), imparts a minimal perturbation upon the cantilever, and is independent of the tip-sample interaction. This work extends atomic-scale tip-sample control, previously restricted to cryogenic temperatures and ultrahigh vacuum, to a wide range of perturbative operating environments. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering AU - King, Gavin M AU - Churnside, Allison B AU - Perkins, Thomas T AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA) and Univ. of Colorado, Boulder (USA) Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 PB - SPIE, P.O. BOX 10 Bellingham WA 98227-0010 USA VL - 7762 SN - 0277-786X, 0277-786X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Microscopy KW - Physiology KW - Temperature KW - Lasers KW - ENA 08:International UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/875064339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Optical+trapping+meets+atomic+force+microscoPD%3A+a+precision+force+microscope+for+biophysics&rft.au=King%2C+Gavin+M%3BChurnside%2C+Allison+B%3BPerkins%2C+Thomas+T&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=7762&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physiology; Microscopy; Temperature; Lasers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report on the NIST workshop of December 10, 2009: calibration strategies for bridging possible climate data gaps AN - 869589295; 14781316 AB - A one-day workshop was held on December 10, 2009 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to address the issue of data gaps in the time series of satellite measurements. Such gaps can occur due to launch delay, launch failure, inconsistencies, or data jumps in radiometric scales between satellites. The presence of such gaps limit the ability of using measurements to detect the small changes in key environmental variables that result from climate change. Leading experts in the Earth Observation community from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration (NOAA), United States Geological Survey (USGS), and academia attended the meeting to prioritize the calibration strategies for bridging and mitigating satellite data gaps for climate change detection. These strategies include establishing SI traceability for satellite sensor calibration and measurements; continuing improvements in prelaunch, onboard, and vicarious calibrations and transfer standards; establishing celestial standards and procedures for intercomparisons; establishing SI traceability for alternative measurement strategies, such as in-situ networks and airborne sensor campaigns; and leveraging international satellite assets. This paper summarizes the workshop and recommendations. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering AU - Datla, Raju U AU - Rice, Joseph AU - Cooksey, Catherine AU - Thome, Kurtis J AU - Barnes, Robert A AU - Cao, Changyong AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA) Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 PB - SPIE, P.O. BOX 10 Bellingham WA 98227-0010 USA VL - 7811 SN - 0277-786X, 0277-786X KW - Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Sensors KW - time series analysis KW - geological surveys KW - Climate change KW - Remote sensing KW - Time series analysis KW - Satellites KW - USA KW - mitigation KW - Satellite data KW - International standardization KW - Technology KW - Oceanographic data KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869589295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Report+on+the+NIST+workshop+of+December+10%2C+2009%3A+calibration+strategies+for+bridging+possible+climate+data+gaps&rft.au=Datla%2C+Raju+U%3BRice%2C+Joseph%3BCooksey%2C+Catherine%3BThome%2C+Kurtis+J%3BBarnes%2C+Robert+A%3BCao%2C+Changyong&rft.aulast=Datla&rft.aufirst=Raju&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=7811&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Satellite data; Climate change; Time series analysis; Oceanographic data; mitigation; Sensors; time series analysis; geological surveys; Remote sensing; Satellites; Technology; International standardization; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential of using remote sensing for forecasting malaria in Tripura, India AN - 869589244; 14781266 AB - This study examined the relationship between environmental factors and malaria epidemic. The objective is to use NOAA environmental satellite data to produce weather seasonal forecasts as a proxy for predicting malaria epidemics in Tripura, India which has the one of the highest endemic of malaria cases in the country. An algorithm uses the Vegetation Health (VH) Indices (Vegetation Condition Index( VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI)) computed from Advance Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data flown on NOAA afternoon poler orbiting satellite.. A good correlation was found between malaria cases and TCI two months earlier than the malaria transmission period. Principal components regression (PCR) method was used to develop a model to predict malaria as a function of the TCI. The simulated results were compared with observed malaria statistics showing that the error of the estimates of malaria is small. Remote sensing therefore is a valuable tool for estimating malaria well in advance thus preventive measures can be taken. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering AU - Nizamuddin, Mohammad AU - Roytman, Leonid AU - Goldberg, Mitch AU - Kogan, Felix AD - NOAA/CREST, The City College of New York (USA) Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 PB - SPIE, P.O. BOX 10 Bellingham WA 98227-0010 USA VL - 7809 SN - 0277-786X, 0277-786X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Algorithms KW - Remote sensing KW - Malaria KW - Environmental factors KW - India KW - U.S. satellite, NOAA KW - Radiometers KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) KW - Regression analysis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Seasonal variations KW - Temperature effects KW - environmental factors KW - Weather KW - Epidemics KW - Data processing KW - disease transmission KW - India, Tripura KW - Seasonal forecasts KW - Vegetation KW - Satellites KW - Satellite data KW - malaria KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - ENA 08:International KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869589244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Potential+of+using+remote+sensing+for+forecasting+malaria+in+Tripura%2C+India&rft.au=Nizamuddin%2C+Mohammad%3BRoytman%2C+Leonid%3BGoldberg%2C+Mitch%3BKogan%2C+Felix&rft.aulast=Nizamuddin&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=7809&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Weather; Data processing; Epidemics; Statistics; Remote sensing; Algorithms; Vegetation; Malaria; Satellites; Environmental factors; Regression analysis; Polymerase chain reaction; Radiometers; U.S. satellite, NOAA; Satellite data; AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer); Statistical analysis; Seasonal forecasts; environmental factors; Sulfur dioxide; disease transmission; malaria; Seasonal variations; India, Tripura; India ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling turbulence-distorted wave front to fiber: wave propagation theory perspective AN - 869585772; 14781384 AB - We use the results of the theory of wave propagation in turbulence to analyze the effects of the atmospheric turbulence on the Free-Space Optical Communication systems under weak and strong scintillation conditions. We found that for the traditional fiber coupling arrangement statistics of the Power-in-Fiber (PIF) is sensitive to the phase fluctuation at the collecting aperture, rather than amplitude fluctuation (scintillation). Larger receiving aperture produces stronger PIF fluctuation. Similar to the scintillation of the sharp focused beams second-order scattering dominates PIF fluctuation for the weak and strong scintillation conditions. This should have serious effect on the probability distribution of the PIF. A new coupling arrangement is suggested that alleviates the destructive effect of the phase fluctuation, and allows the use of large receiving apertures. The trade-off is the decreased coupling efficiency. For our new coupling scheme the PIF fluctuation is determined by the power flux fluctuation through the collecting aperture. This allows taking advantage of the scintillation averaging effect to suppress the fading. We review the results of the rigorous Markov-approximation-based theory of the scintillation averaging that is valid both for a weak and strong scintillation conditions. This technique reveals several distinct regimes of the power flux fluctuation including the situation where fluctuation is relatively small, but is not described by the perturbation (Rytov's) theory. We also show how the energy conservation principle inherent to the wave propagation in the clear air turbulence provides an accelerated rate of the scintillation averaging compare to the typical averaging estimates. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering AU - Charnotskii, Mikhail AD - Zel Technologies, LLC (USA) and NOAA/Earth System Research Lab. (USA) Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 PB - SPIE, P.O. BOX 10 Bellingham WA 98227-0010 USA VL - 7814 SN - 0277-786X, 0277-786X KW - Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Statistical analysis KW - Energy conservation KW - Wave propagation KW - Atmospheric turbulence KW - Fibers KW - Communications KW - Clear air turbulence KW - Fronts KW - Reviews KW - Scintillation KW - atmospheric turbulence KW - Turbulence KW - M2 551.511:Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (551.511) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869585772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Coupling+turbulence-distorted+wave+front+to+fiber%3A+wave+propagation+theory+perspective&rft.au=Charnotskii%2C+Mikhail&rft.aulast=Charnotskii&rft.aufirst=Mikhail&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=7814&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SPIE+-+The+International+Society+for+Optical+Engineering&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric turbulence; Clear air turbulence; Fronts; Scintillation; Energy conservation; Statistical analysis; Wave propagation; Fibers; Communications; Reviews; atmospheric turbulence; Turbulence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bycatch of wintering common and red-throated loons in gillnets off the USA Atlantic coast, 1996-2007 AN - 867738262; 14771845 AB - Common loons Gavia immer and red-throated loons G. stellata winter along the USA Atlantic coast, where fisheries observers have documented interactions with commercial fishing operations, largely coastal gillnets. The red-throated loon is a conservation priority for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, so interest lies in gauging fisheries bycatch relative to population levels. Gillnet fisheries observer data from 1996 to 2007 were used in developing generalized linear models to predict common and red-throated loon bycatch rates and investigate gear characteristics associated with high bycatch rates. The predicted bycatch rates were applied to commercial gillnet effort data to estimate total bycatch during this time period. Bycatch was then compared to a potential biological removal (PBR) measure that was calculated from limited demographic parameters. Factors most commonly associated with the bycatch rates were bottom depth and sea surface temperature. Common loon bycatch rates were higher for strings without spacing between nets versus strings with spacing, and for strings that fished =>24 h versus strings that fished <24 h. Average annual bycatch was 74 (95% CI: 29-189) common loons in the Northeast, and 477 (370-615) common loons and 897 (620-1297) red-throated loons in the Mid-Atlantic. The average red-throated loon bycatch reached about 60% of the PBR measure. This estimated level of bycatch emphasizes that the red-throated loon is a conservation priority, especially considering the unknown level of bycatch in non-oceanic coastal gillnet fisheries and uncertain demographic parameters. JF - Aquatic Biology AU - Warden, Melissa L AD - Integrated Statistics, 16 Sumner Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA Contact address: National Marine Fisheries Service, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA, melissa.warden@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 167 EP - 180 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1864-7782, 1864-7782 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867738262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Biology&rft.atitle=Bycatch+of+wintering+common+and+red-throated+loons+in+gillnets+off+the+USA+Atlantic+coast%2C+1996-2007&rft.au=Warden%2C+Melissa+L&rft.aulast=Warden&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00273 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00273 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupling GPS tracking with dive behavior to examine the relationship between foraging strategy and fine-scale movements of northern fur seals AN - 858423895; 14409188 AB - The foraging strategies of diving marine species are often categorized into 3 fundamental groups (epipelagic, mesopelagic, and benthic foraging) based on diving, habitat use, and diet studies. Because these foraging strategies are influenced by the distribution and behavior of the prey being targeted, we would expect search behavior and space use to differ depending on the strategy employed. Since northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus display both epipelagic and benthic foraging strategies, they were an ideal model to test the hypothesis that fine-scale movement and space-use patterns will vary when animals use markedly different foraging strategies. Dive bouts were characterized into foraging strategies based on numerous dive parameters (depth, duration, etc.). For each strategy, we compared movement patterns (e.g. transit rate and path straightness) and space use (area-restricted search [ARS] zones) around St. Paul Island, Alaska, USA. Nearly all dive parameters were significantly different between foraging strategies (epipelagic vs. benthic). In addition, epipelagic bouts were more sinuous and covered a greater total distance than benthic bouts. However, the greater distances traveled in epipelagic bouts were due to longer bout durations, as transit rates were not different between the 2 strategies. On average, <2 ARS zones were identified per trip, and the characteristics of epipelagic and benthic ARS zones were not different. By combining dive behavior with precise at-sea locations, this study has provided a greater understanding of the fine-scale foraging behavior of northern fur seals. Monitoring changes in foraging behavior over time and comparing behavior among populations with differing population trajectories may provide more clues as to why northern fur seal numbers on St. Paul Island continue to decline. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Kuhn, Carey E AU - Tremblay, Yann AU - Ream, Rolf R AU - Gelatt, Thomas S AD - National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center/National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, Carey.Kuhn@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 125 EP - 139 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Food organisms KW - foraging behavior KW - Diving KW - Habitat selection KW - seals KW - Islands KW - Habitat utilization KW - Callorhinus ursinus KW - Prey KW - USA, Alaska KW - Diets KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Foraging behavior KW - Exploratory behavior KW - prey KW - Habitat KW - Tracking KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Local movements KW - Behavior KW - Marine mammals KW - Endangered species KW - Endangered Species KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Y 25030:Foraging and Ingestion KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858423895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Coupling+GPS+tracking+with+dive+behavior+to+examine+the+relationship+between+foraging+strategy+and+fine-scale+movements+of+northern+fur+seals&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Carey+E%3BTremblay%2C+Yann%3BReam%2C+Rolf+R%3BGelatt%2C+Thomas+S&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Carey&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00297 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Food organisms; Local movements; Foraging behaviour; Marine mammals; Habitat selection; Tracking; Endangered Species; Diets; Foraging behavior; Islands; Exploratory behavior; Diving; Endangered species; Habitat utilization; Prey; seals; Behavior; foraging behavior; prey; Habitat; Callorhinus ursinus; USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00297 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton and bacteria during an induced Phaeocystis pouchetii bloom, measured using size fractionation and flow cytometric sorting AN - 858423380; 14409044 AB - Uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) by phytoplankton and bacteria was investigated during a mesocosm study conducted in Raunefjord, Norway in April 2005. One mesocosm was fertilized with nitrate and phosphate at a ratio of 16:1 and maintained in the light, while one unamended light mesocosm served as a control. Dissolved nutrients, phytoplankton and bacterial biomass, and phytoplankton community composition were monitored throughout the 26 d experiment. Uptake of super(15)N-labeled ammonium and nitrate, and dual-labeled ( super(15)N and super(13)C) urea and dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) was measured for phytoplankton and bacteria using 2 methods: size fractionation into 0.2-0.8 and >0.8 mu m size classes, and flow cytometric sorting based on chlorophyll autofluorescence. Prior to fertilization, dissolved inorganic N concentrations were low and comprised ~5% of total dissolved N. Added nitrate was completely utilized in the amended mesocosm within 10 d, stimulating a large bloom of colonial Phaeocystis pouchetii. Ammonium contributed over half of total measured N uptake by phytoplankton and bacteria in both enclosures, while nitrate and urea each supplied roughly 10 to 25%. Overall, DFAA were a negligible N source to phytoplankton but contributed 11% to total bacterial N uptake. Bacterial uptake represented a significant portion of total uptake of all N forms, especially urea and DFAA. Comparison of the 2 methods for measuring phytoplankton versus bacterial uptake demonstrates how the use of 0.8 mu m filters can lead to significant overestimation of phytoplankton N uptake due to the retention of bacterial biomass. JF - Aquatic Microbial Ecology AU - Bradley, P B AU - Sanderson, M P AU - Nejstgaard, J C AU - Sazhin, A F AU - Frischer, ME AU - Killberg-Thoreson, L M AU - Verity, P G AU - Campbell, L AU - Bronk, DA AD - Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA, paul.bradley@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 89 EP - 104 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0948-3055, 0948-3055 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Nitrogen uptake KW - Mesocosm experiments KW - Phaeocystis KW - Phytoplankton KW - Bacteria KW - Flow cytometry KW - Nitrate KW - Algal blooms KW - Chlorophyll KW - ANE, Norway, Raunefjord KW - Nutrients KW - Urea KW - Fertilization KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Size KW - Ammonium KW - Amino acids KW - Organic nitrogen KW - Biomass KW - Mesocosms KW - Light effects KW - Filters KW - Community composition KW - Phosphate KW - Phaeocystis pouchetii KW - Uptake KW - Norway KW - Nitrogen KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858423380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Microbial+Ecology&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+uptake+by+phytoplankton+and+bacteria+during+an+induced+Phaeocystis+pouchetii+bloom%2C+measured+using+size+fractionation+and+flow+cytometric+sorting&rft.au=Bradley%2C+P+B%3BSanderson%2C+M+P%3BNejstgaard%2C+J+C%3BSazhin%2C+A+F%3BFrischer%2C+ME%3BKillberg-Thoreson%2C+L+M%3BVerity%2C+P+G%3BCampbell%2C+L%3BBronk%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Microbial+Ecology&rft.issn=09483055&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fame01414 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal blooms; Community composition; Organic nitrogen; Uptake; Phytoplankton; Mesocosms; Size; Nitrogen; Ammonium compounds; Nitrate; Ammonium; Chlorophyll; Amino acids; Urea; Nutrients; Biomass; Light effects; Filters; Flow cytometry; Fertilization; Phosphate; Phaeocystis pouchetii; ANE, Norway, Raunefjord; Norway DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01414 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis AN - 856760333; 13712097 AB - The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was completed for the 31-yr period from 1979 to 2009, in January 2010. The CFSR was designed and executed as a global, high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface-sea ice system to provide the best estimate of the state of these coupled domains over this period. The current CFSR will be extended as an operational, real-time product into the future. New features of the CFSR include 1) coupling of the atmosphere and ocean during the generation of the 6-h guess field, 2) an interactive sea ice model, and 3) assimilation of satellite radiances by the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) scheme over the entire period. The CFSR global atmosphere resolution is ~38 km (T382) with 64 levels extending from the surface to 0.26 hPa. The global ocean's latitudinal spacing is 0.25 at the equator, extending to a global 0.5 beyond the tropics, with 40 levels to a depth of 4737 m. The global land surface model has four soil levels and the global sea ice model has three layers. The CFSR atmospheric model has observed variations in carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) over the 1979-2009 period, together with changes in aerosols and other trace gases and solar variations. Most available in situ and satellite observations were included in the CFSR. Satellite observations were used in radiance form, rather than retrieved values, and were bias corrected with "spin up" runs at full resolution, taking into account variable CO sub(2) concentrations. This procedure enabled the smooth transitions of the climate record resulting from evolutionary changes in the satellite observing system. CFSR atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface output products are available at an hourly time resolution and a horizontal resolution of 0.5 latitude 0.5 longitude. The CFSR data will be distributed by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and NCAR. This reanalysis will serve many purposes, including providing the basis for most of the NCEP Climate Prediction Center's operational climate products by defining the mean states of the atmosphere, ocean, land surface, and sea ice over the next 30-yr climate normal (1981-2010); providing initial conditions for historical forecasts that are required to calibrate operational NCEP climate forecasts (from week 2 to 9 months); and providing estimates and diagnoses of the Earth's climate state over the satellite data period for community climate research. Preliminary analysis of the CFSR output indicates a product that is far superior in most respects to the reanalysis of the mid-1990s. The previous NCEP-NCAR reanalyses have been among the most used NCEP products in history; there is every reason to believe the CFSR will supersede these older products both in scope and quality, because it is higher in time and space resolution, covers the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land, and was executed in a coupled mode with a more modern data assimilation system and forecast model. A supplement to this article is available online: DOI: 10.1175/2010BAMS3001.2.S1 JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Saha, Suranjana AU - Moorthi, Shrinivas AU - Pan, Hua-Lu AU - Wu, Xingren AU - Wang, Jiande AU - Nadiga, Sudhir AU - Tripp, Patrick AU - Kistler, Robert AU - Woollen, John AU - Behringer, David AD - Environmental Modeling Center, NCEP/NWS/NOAA, Camp Springs, Maryland Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 1015 EP - 1057 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 91 IS - 8 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Prediction KW - Satellite design KW - Climate prediction KW - Climate change KW - Atmosphere KW - Data reanalysis KW - Data assimilation KW - Climatic data KW - Radiance KW - Air-sea coupling KW - Sea Ice KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Climatology KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Atmospheric gases KW - Aerosols KW - Climate models KW - Climates KW - Model Studies KW - Satellite data KW - Sea ice KW - Oceans KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Future climates KW - Sea ice models KW - Q2 09161:General KW - M2 551.326:Floating Ice (551.326) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - O 2050:Chemical Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856760333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=The+NCEP+Climate+Forecast+System+Reanalysis&rft.au=Saha%2C+Suranjana%3BMoorthi%2C+Shrinivas%3BPan%2C+Hua-Lu%3BWu%2C+Xingren%3BWang%2C+Jiande%3BNadiga%2C+Sudhir%3BTripp%2C+Patrick%3BKistler%2C+Robert%3BWoollen%2C+John%3BBehringer%2C+David&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=Suranjana&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS3001.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climatic data; Radiance; Aerosols; Atmospheric gases; Air-sea coupling; Climate prediction; Climate change; Ocean-atmosphere system; Carbon dioxide; Satellite design; Sea ice; Satellite data; Climate models; Climatology; Data assimilation; Data reanalysis; Sea ice models; Future climates; Prediction; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Oceans; Sea Ice; Climates; Atmosphere; Carbon Dioxide; Model Studies; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaction of Harbor Seals to Cruise Ships AN - 853483292; 14133190 AB - The largest aggregations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Alaska, USA, haul out on floating ice in tidewater glacial fjords. Seals use these fjords in peak numbers during the critical periods of pupping, breeding, and molting when visits by tour ships also peak. Documented and suspected declines of harbor seals in fjords with rising vessel traffic underscore the need to better understand possible impacts, particularly in areas where ship visits have risen substantially in the past 2 decades. We examined the interruption of haul-out bouts of harbor seals due to approaching cruise ships in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska. We conducted observations from cruise ships and focused on disturbance of seals as evidenced by seals flushing into the water from the floating ice on which they rested. We investigated rate of flushing in relation to vessel distance, approach angle, group size, and seal type (mother, pup, or other). Using a survival-regression analysis, we found that the risk of disturbing harbor seals increased when ships approached within 500 m; seals approached as close as 100 m were 25 times more likely to enter the water than seals 500 m from a ship. Seals were 4 times more prone to enter the water when ships were approaching directly rather than passing abeam. Seals responded similarly regardless of group size or seal type. Energetic models indicated a potential to disrupt energy balance and cause thermal stress in disturbed pups if they spent >50% of their time in ice-chilled water. Studies at non-glacial sites suggest that pups spend 40-70% of their time in the water. Voluntary guidelines for approaching seals in Alaska recommend that cruise ships approach greater than or equal to 91 m (100 yards), a distance at which we show 90% of seals would flush into the water. Our findings indicate a need to develop regulations to maintain a 500-m separation between cruise ships and seals in all Alaskan glacial fjords. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Jansen, John K AU - Boveng, Peter L AU - Dahle, Shawn P AU - Bengtson, John L AD - National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1186 EP - 1194 PB - Wildlife Society, 5410 Grosvenor Lane Bethesda MD 20814-2197 USA VL - 74 IS - 6 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Breeding KW - Fjords KW - Phoca vitulina KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Seals KW - D:04060 KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853483292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Reaction+of+Harbor+Seals+to+Cruise+Ships&rft.au=Jansen%2C+John+K%3BBoveng%2C+Peter+L%3BDahle%2C+Shawn+P%3BBengtson%2C+John+L&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2193%2F2008-192 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fjords; Seals; Phoca vitulina; INE, USA, Alaska DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-192 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multimodel Estimates of Atmospheric Response to Modes of SST Variability and Implications for Droughts AN - 853478723; 13712100 AB - A set of idealized global model experiments was performed by several modeling centers as part of the Drought Working Group of the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability component of the World Climate Research Programme (CLIVAR). The purpose of the experiments was to assess the role of the leading modes of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the climate over the continents, with particular emphasis on the influence of SSTs on surface climate variability and droughts over the United States. An analysis based on several models gives more creditability to the results since it relies on the assessment of impacts that are robust across different models. Coordinated atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with three modes of SST variability were analyzed. The results show that the SST-forced precipitation variability over the central United States is dominated by the SST mode with maximum loading in the central Pacific Ocean. The SST mode with loading in the Atlantic Ocean, and a mode that is dominated by trends in SSTs, lead to a smaller response. Based on the response to the idealized SSTs, the precipitation response for the twentieth century was also reconstructed. A comparison with the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations forced with the observed SSTs illustrates that the reconstructed precipitation variability was similar to the one in the AMIP simulations, further supporting the conclusion that the SST modes identified in the present analysis play a dominant role in the precipitation variability over the United States. One notable exception is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and further analysis regarding this major climate extreme is discussed. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Pegion, Philip J AU - Kumar, Arun AD - NOAA/ESRL/PSD, 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA, philip.pegion@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 4327 EP - 4341 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 23 IS - 16 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Droughts KW - Sea surface temperature KW - Atmosphericndashocean interaction KW - General circulation models KW - Precipitation KW - Variability KW - Climate change KW - Drought KW - Dust KW - Research programmes KW - Assessments KW - Climatic variability KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Paleoceanography KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Sea surface temperature forecasting KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - I, Central Pacific KW - Climate models KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Climates KW - Illustrations KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Identification KW - Dusts KW - Model Studies KW - USA KW - Numerical simulations KW - Oceans KW - Precipitation variability KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853478723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Multimodel+Estimates+of+Atmospheric+Response+to+Modes+of+SST+Variability+and+Implications+for+Droughts&rft.au=Pegion%2C+Philip+J%3BKumar%2C+Arun&rft.aulast=Pegion&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=4327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3295.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Research programmes; Illustrations; Climate change; Ocean-atmosphere system; Atmospheric circulation; Identification; Droughts; Dust; Climate models; Climatic variability; Numerical simulations; General circulation models; Precipitation variability; Paleoceanography; Drought; Sea surface temperatures; Sea surface temperature forecasting; Variability; Assessments; Simulation Analysis; Oceans; Climates; Precipitation; Dusts; Model Studies; I, Central Pacific; USA; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3295.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and mortality of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus in a marsh pond AN - 839663600; 13712234 AB - Despite the widely held view that certain estuarine habitats are more valuable as nurseries because they provide enhanced growth and reduced mortality, there remain few estimates of growth and mortality rates in support of this paradigm. We conducted field caging experiments and collected weekly nekton samples in shallow open-water habitat in a marsh pond during summer and fall 2007 in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA, to estimate growth and morality rates of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus. Growth rates (mean +/- 1 SE) were lower during the summer experiment (0.77 +/- 0.05 mm d super(-1)) than the fall (0.91 +/- 0.04 mm d super(-1)), and high summer water temperatures may have inhibited shrimp growth. Cohort analysis to derive mortality estimates from 15 weekly sampling trips failed due to extended periods of continuous recruitment, the lack of clearly identifiable cohorts, and high temporal variability in abundance estimates. Catch-curve analysis provided estimates of mean daily instantaneous mortality (Z) during the sampling period of 0.181 for post-larvae and early juveniles 28 mm. The mortality estimates must be interpreted with caution due to potential problems meeting the assumptions of catch-curve analysis. Despite the challenges, comparisons of vital rates among habitats are required to validate long-held paradigms on the functioning of estuarine nurseries and the importance of various coastal habitats in the support of fishery species. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Baker, Ronald AU - Minello, Thomas J AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Galveston Laboratory, 4700 Avenue U, Galveston, Texas 77551, USA, tom.minello@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 95 EP - 104 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 413 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Variability KW - Shrimp KW - Litopenaeus setiferus KW - Water Temperature KW - Nursery grounds KW - Ponds KW - Habitats KW - Growth KW - recruitment KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Sampling KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Decapoda KW - Recruitment KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Growth Rates KW - Water temperature KW - Marshes KW - Habitat KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston Bay KW - Nekton KW - summer KW - water temperature KW - Mortality causes KW - abundance KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839663600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Growth+and+mortality+of+juvenile+white+shrimp+Litopenaeus+setiferus+in+a+marsh+pond&rft.au=Baker%2C+Ronald%3BMinello%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=413&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08711 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nekton; Growth rate; Estuaries; Nursery grounds; Brackishwater environment; Marshes; Marine crustaceans; Ponds; Mortality causes; Mortality; Recruitment; Water temperature; Sampling; Habitat; Growth; recruitment; summer; water temperature; abundance; Variability; Habitats; Shrimp; Water Temperature; Growth Rates; Litopenaeus setiferus; Decapoda; ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston Bay; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08711 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing California Current cetacean-habitat models developed using in situ and remotely sensed sea surface temperature data AN - 839662312; 13712218 AB - Generalized linear and generalized additive habitat models were used to predict cetacean densities for 10 species in an 818000 km super(2) area off California. The performance of models built with remotely sensed oceanic data was compared to that of models built with in situ measurements. Cetacean sighting data were collected by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center on 4 systematic line-transect surveys during the summer and fall of 1991, 1993, 1996, and 2001. Predictor variables included temporally dynamic, remotely sensed environmental variables (sea surface temperature and measures of its variance) and more static geographical variables (water depth, bathymetric slope, and a categorical variable representing oceanic zone). The explanatory and predictive power of different spatial and temporal resolutions of satellite data were examined and included in the models for each of the 10 species. Alternative models were built using in situ analogs for sea surface temperature and its variance. The remotely sensed and in situ models with the highest predictive ability were selected based on a pseudo-jackknife cross validation procedure. Environmental predictors included in the final models varied by species, but, for each species, overall explanatory power was similar between the remotely sensed and in situ models. Cetacean-habitat models developed using satellite data at 8 d temporal resolution and from 5 to 35 km spatial resolution were shown to have predictive ability that generally met or exceeded models developed with analogous in situ data. This suggests that the former could be an effective tool for resource managers to develop near real-time predictions of cetacean density. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Becker, E A AU - Forney, KA AU - Ferguson, M C AU - Foley, D G AU - Smith, R C AU - Barlow, J AU - Redfern, J V AD - NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA, ebecker77@cox.net Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 163 EP - 183 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 413 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Resource management KW - Remote sensing KW - Population density KW - spatial discrimination KW - INE, Pacific, California Current KW - Models KW - Fishery surveys KW - INE, USA, California KW - Fisheries KW - Temperature data KW - Temperature effects KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Stock assessment KW - Temperature KW - fishery sciences KW - in situ measurement KW - Water temperature KW - Habitat KW - Satellites KW - Currents KW - water depth KW - Marine mammals KW - summer KW - Cetacea KW - Resource development KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839662312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Comparing+California+Current+cetacean-habitat+models+developed+using+in+situ+and+remotely+sensed+sea+surface+temperature+data&rft.au=Becker%2C+E+A%3BForney%2C+KA%3BFerguson%2C+M+C%3BFoley%2C+D+G%3BSmith%2C+R+C%3BBarlow%2C+J%3BRedfern%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=413&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08696 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Prediction; Resource management; Fishery surveys; Marine mammals; Stock assessment; Population density; Resource development; Temperature data; Temperature effects; Data processing; Fisheries; spatial discrimination; Water temperature; Habitat; Satellites; Models; Currents; water depth; Remote sensing; Temperature; summer; fishery sciences; in situ measurement; Cetacea; INE, USA, California; INE, Pacific, California Current; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08696 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate-driven synchrony in otolith growth-increment chronologies for three Bering Sea flatfish species AN - 839660683; 13712216 AB - Dendrochronology (tree-ring science) techniques were applied to otolith growth increments in 3 flatfish species collected from the eastern Bering Sea: northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, yellowfin sole Limanda aspera, and Alaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus. Within each species, otoliths were visually crossdated to ensure that the correct calendar year was assigned to each growth increment. Growth-increment widths were measured in each otolith, crossdating was statistically checked, and a single master chronology was generated for each species by averaging measurement time series after age-related growth declines had been removed. The 3 final chronologies spanned 18 to 20 yr and were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.001), indicating a high level of growth synchrony among species. Final chronologies were compared to annual and monthly climate variables including water temperature, ice cover, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the el Nino Southern Oscillation. Of the climate indices examined, chronologies were most strongly related to summertime eastern Bering Sea bottom temperatures, with R super(2) values of 0.81, 0.61, and 0.34 for the yellowfin sole, Alaska plaice, and northern rock sole chronologies, respectively. Chronologies were significantly (p < 0.01) and positively related to monthly resolved records of sea surface temperature, though the seasons of the year exhibiting the strongest correlations varied among species. The present study suggests that flatfish growth is strongly influenced by the temperature of the eastern Bering Sea, underscoring the effect of climate on fisheries in a high-latitude ecosystem. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Matta, Mary Elizabeth AU - Black, Bryan A AU - Wilderbuer, Thomas K AD - Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, beth.matta@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 137 EP - 145 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 413 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sclerochronology KW - Dendrochronology KW - Growth KW - Environment KW - Otoliths KW - Flatfishes KW - Eastern Bering Sea KW - Age KW - Oscillations KW - Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus KW - Time series KW - Marine fish KW - El Nino KW - Limanda aspera KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Southern oscillation KW - Abiotic factors KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Ice KW - Climate KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Water temperature KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Lepidopsetta polyxystra KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839660683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Climate-driven+synchrony+in+otolith+growth-increment+chronologies+for+three+Bering+Sea+flatfish+species&rft.au=Matta%2C+Mary+Elizabeth%3BBlack%2C+Bryan+A%3BWilderbuer%2C+Thomas+K&rft.aulast=Matta&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=413&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08689 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Marine fish; Growth; Otoliths; El Nino; Time series; Climate; Ocean-atmosphere system; Abiotic factors; Ice; Age; Oscillations; Water temperature; Southern oscillation; Dendrochronology; Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus; Limanda aspera; Lepidopsetta polyxystra; IN, Bering Sea; INE, USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08689 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth variability in the splitnose rockfish Sebastes diploproa of the northeast Pacific Ocean: pattern revisited AN - 839660657; 13712215 AB - Understanding patterns of somatic growth within populations greatly contributes to fisheries stock assessment. Splitnose rockfish Sebastes diploproa was reported as having a striking pattern of latitudinal growth variability from studies conducted in the 1980s. We investigated variation in growth parameters of splitnose rockfish by latitude using recent data from the NOAA Fisheries Groundfish Survey (2003-2008), current ageing techniques, and advanced modeling and statistical methods to provide an updated understanding of growth along this species' latitudinal range. Sex-specific age data were fit to a von Bertalanffy growth function incorporating ageing error, and growth parameters were estimated for 5 areas along the U.S. west coast, specified based on biogeographic boundaries. Resampled values of each growth parameter were then fit to linear models, and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was used to evaluate hypotheses for growth parameter relationship with latitude. We found that splitnose rockfish exhibited a cline in asymptotic length (L sub([infinity])), with L sub([infinity]) increasing with rising latitude. We also found that although the growth coefficient (k) was smallest in the most southern area, there was no apparent cline along the coast; a northward cline in k has previously been reported in the literature. We propose that differences in fishing intensity could be responsible for the cline in L sub([infinity]), as higher fishing pressure in the south could skew the size distribution of the population in that region and reduce southern L sub([infinity]) estimates. We also attribute slower growth in the southern area to oceanographic characteristics and low productivity of the area south of Point Conception. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Gertseva, Vladlena V AU - Cope, Jason M AU - Matson, Sean E AD - Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA, vladlena.gertseva@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 125 EP - 136 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 413 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Stock assessment KW - Aging KW - INE, USA, California, Point Conception KW - Sebastes diploproa KW - Models KW - Marine fish KW - Fishing KW - USA KW - Clines KW - Fishery surveys KW - Oceans KW - Latitudinal variations KW - Fisheries KW - Boundaries KW - Body size KW - Fishing effort KW - Coasts KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839660657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Growth+variability+in+the+splitnose+rockfish+Sebastes+diploproa+of+the+northeast+Pacific+Ocean%3A+pattern+revisited&rft.au=Gertseva%2C+Vladlena+V%3BCope%2C+Jason+M%3BMatson%2C+Sean+E&rft.aulast=Gertseva&rft.aufirst=Vladlena&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=413&rft.issue=&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08719 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Growth rate; Clines; Fishery surveys; Latitudinal variations; Aging; Stock assessment; Body size; Fishing effort; Fishing; Data processing; Oceans; Fisheries; Boundaries; Models; Coasts; Sebastes diploproa; USA; INE, USA, California, Point Conception; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08719 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychaete assemblages in the south-eastern Bering Sea: linkage with groundfish distribution and diet AN - 821734948; 13937528 AB - Ecological information on the polychaete community may improve habitat descriptions and distribution models of commercially important species that are polychaete-feeders. This study reports on the first new observations in nearly three decades on the polychaete assemblages in the south-eastern Bering Sea. This information was used in an exploratory assessment of the association between polychaete assemblages and environmental variables that define the benthic habitat. The spatial association between polychaete assemblages and groundfish predators was also explored for insight into whether prey assemblages influence predator distribution. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that surficial sediment is the most important factor in organizing polychaete assemblages, over other common environmental variables such as depth and temperature. Co-correspondence analysis of the distributions of groundfish species and polychaete families does not indicate that predators are associated with specific prey families. Families that are most frequent in stomach contents of some of the fish in the analysis, mainly Maldanidae and Nephtyidae, are widely distributed across the Bering Sea shelf in diverse sediment types, as are the principal polychaete-feeders in the eastern Bering Sea such as Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) and northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra). JF - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom AU - Yeung, Cynthia AU - Yang, Mei-Sun AU - McConnaughey, Robert A AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, Washington 98115 USA, cynthia.yeung@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 903 EP - 917 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU UK VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 0025-3154, 0025-3154 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Maldanidae KW - Food organisms KW - Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus KW - Ecological distribution KW - Predators KW - Environmental factors KW - Models KW - Nephtyidae KW - Habitats KW - Assessments KW - Commercial species KW - Flounders KW - Prey KW - Temperature effects KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Habitat KW - Ecological Distribution KW - Sediments KW - Model Studies KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Stomach content KW - Animal morphology KW - Lepidopsetta polyxystra KW - Fish KW - Polychaetes KW - Stomach KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/821734948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Polychaete+assemblages+in+the+south-eastern+Bering+Sea%3A+linkage+with+groundfish+distribution+and+diet&rft.au=Yeung%2C+Cynthia%3BYang%2C+Mei-Sun%3BMcConnaughey%2C+Robert+A&rft.aulast=Yeung&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.issn=00253154&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS002531541000024X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Animal morphology; Stomach content; Food organisms; Ecological distribution; Commercial species; Environmental factors; Temperature effects; Predators; Habitat; Stomach; Sediments; Prey; Models; Habitats; Assessments; Fish; Flounders; Ecological Distribution; Polychaetes; Model Studies; Nephtyidae; Maldanidae; Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus; Lepidopsetta polyxystra; IN, Bering Sea; INE, USA, Alaska; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002531541000024X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EXAMINING A SOUTHWARD BIAS IN LAKE-EFFECT SNOW BAND FORECASTS IN THE NORTHEAST REGIONAL ENSEMBLE AN - 817610804; 13981827 AB - In this study, simulations from the northeast regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model ensemble of two lake-effect snow events from the 2007-2008 cool season are examined. In these simulations of lake-parallel, lake-effect snow bands downwind of Lake Ontario, a systematic southward bias in forecast snow band location is found with the Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) members of the ensemble, consistent with previous research on mesoscale modeling of lake-effect snow and with qualitative forecaster assessments of other events during the 2007-2008 cool season. The bias is found to degrade the usefulness of the northeast regional ensemble. A series of sensitivity simulations is performed to help diagnose the cause of the southward bias. These simulations revealed that the WRF-ARW ensemble members underestimated the frictional slowing of wind, downwind of the central and eastern Great Lakes, when compared to a Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) analysis and WRF-Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF-NMM) simulations. The underestimation served to reposition the mesoscale convergence boundaries associated with the lake-effect snow bands farther south. These simulations also clearly indicate that model core rather than model physics and physical parameterizations is the primary source of the erroneous boundary layer flow. A final set of sensitivity simulations suggest that version 3 of the WRF-ARW improves upon this bias with forecast accuracy more comparable to the WRF-NMM shown in one case study. Given the results from this study, the feasibility of an operational mesoscale ensemble is discussed. It is shown that while this type of forecast tool shows promise, performing verification studies of each ensemble member is essential to its success. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Arnott, J AD - NOAA/National Weather Service, 8800 Passenheim Road, Gaylord, Michigan, USA, Justin.Arnott@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 67 EP - 87 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Mesoscale convergence KW - Freshwater KW - Lakes KW - Assessments KW - Forecasting KW - Seasonal variability KW - Snow bands KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind KW - Physical parameterizations KW - Weather KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Snow KW - Case Studies KW - Forecast accuracy KW - Model Studies KW - Numerical simulations KW - Boundary layers KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Boundary layer flow KW - Boundaries KW - Mesoscale models KW - North America, Ontario L. KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817610804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=EXAMINING+A+SOUTHWARD+BIAS+IN+LAKE-EFFECT+SNOW+BAND+FORECASTS+IN+THE+NORTHEAST+REGIONAL+ENSEMBLE&rft.au=Arnott%2C+J&rft.aulast=Arnott&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Lakes; Snow; Boundary layers; Weather forecasting; Numerical simulations; Boundary layer flow; Mesoscale convergence; Mesoscale models; Seasonal variability; Snow bands; Forecast accuracy; Physical parameterizations; Weather; Assessments; Simulation Analysis; Case Studies; Boundaries; Forecasting; Wind; Model Studies; North America, Great Lakes; North America, Ontario L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF A RARE "TRIPLE" THREE-BODY SCATTER SPIKE AN - 817610802; 13981825 AB - On 1 July 2006, several supercell thunderstorms produced significant hail during the late afternoon and evening across northeast Wisconsin. The hail storms were responsible for over 10.3 million dollars of damage. The most intense storm produced hail up to 4 in. in diameter that damaged over 100 cars and numerous homes in Oconto County, Wisconsin. This storm exhibited a rare, triple three-body scatter spike (TBSS) and a very long, impressive 51 mile TBSS. This paper will diagnose the structure and character of the hail cores responsible for the multiple TBSS using several different tools, illustrating that TBSS are 3-D features that are not confined to a single elevation slice. In addition, the paper will connect the unusually large scattering angle associated with the 51 mile long TBSS to the increased scattered energy responsible for the long TBSS. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Kurimski, P G AD - NOAA/National Weather Service, 9200 White Lake Road, White Lake, Michigan 48386-1126, USA, phil.kurimski@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 43 EP - 54 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Damage KW - Hail KW - Thunderstorms KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Storms KW - Cores KW - Supercell thunderstorms KW - Elevation KW - Radar KW - Q2 09387:Navigation KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - M2 551.578.7:Solid (551.578.7) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817610802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=RADAR+OBSERVATIONS+OF+A+RARE+%22TRIPLE%22+THREE-BODY+SCATTER+SPIKE&rft.au=Kurimski%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Kurimski&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hail; Thunderstorms; Supercell thunderstorms; Radar; Storms; Damage; Weather; Cores; Elevation; USA, Wisconsin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ANALYSIS OF RARE CONSECUTIVE NORTHEAST FLOW CONVECTIVE EVENTS OVER CENTRAL NEW YORK AND NORTHEAST PENNSYLVANIA AN - 817610801; 13981824 AB - Two convective events were examined that occurred over the county warning area of the National Weather Service Office in Binghamton, New York on consecutive days in June, 2007. These events were unique because they both occurred under deep northeasterly flow, a highly anomalous flow configuration for the northeastern United States, and a flow direction not typically associated with severe weather. The event on 12 June 2007 led to numerous severe hail and wind reports. The increasing organization of convection during the afternoon and early evening is examined and found to be strongly tied to interactions between existing convection and low-level boundaries. On the following day, under very similar synoptic conditions, the late morning convective environment appeared primed for a repeat episode of severe weather. By early afternoon, however, a substantial decrease in surface moisture and concurrently, surface-based convective instability, led to the development of only isolated, sub-severe convection over the Binghamton, New York County Warning Area. A comparison of the two events reveals that subtle differences in the low-level kinematic and thermodynamic fields, as well as differences in the larger-scale forcing for ascent, played a significant role in limiting the convective potential on this day. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Arnott, J AD - NOAA/National Weather Service, 8800 Passenheim Road, Gaylord, Michigan, USA, Justin.Arnott@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 17 EP - 42 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Convection KW - Moisture KW - Organizations KW - Convection development KW - Environmental factors KW - National Weather Service KW - Wind KW - Weather KW - Hail KW - Thermodynamics KW - Convective instability KW - Thermodynamic fields KW - USA, New York KW - Severe weather events KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Convective activity KW - Boundaries KW - Synoptic conditions KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - M2 551.578.7:Solid (551.578.7) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817610801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=ANALYSIS+OF+RARE+CONSECUTIVE+NORTHEAST+FLOW+CONVECTIVE+EVENTS+OVER+CENTRAL+NEW+YORK+AND+NORTHEAST+PENNSYLVANIA&rft.au=Arnott%2C+J&rft.aulast=Arnott&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Hail; Thermodynamics; Environmental factors; Severe weather events; Convective activity; Convective instability; Convection development; National Weather Service; Thermodynamic fields; Synoptic conditions; Moisture; Weather; Organizations; Boundaries; Wind; USA, Pennsylvania; USA, New York ER - TY - JOUR T1 - APPLICATION OF AMSU-BASED PRODUCTS TO SUPPORT NOAA'S MISSION GOALS AN - 817610800; 13981823 AB - Passive microwave observations and derived products from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) are now widely used in an assortment of meteorological analysis and forecasting applications. These hydrological and imagery products, which first became operational in January 2000, build upon the success of a similar product suite from the Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). This paper highlights the AMSU rainfall, total precipitable water (TPW) and snowfall rate products with examples from various applications at NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS] and National Weather Service (NWS). Discussion of the future polar-orbiting operational satellites and products are presented at the conclusion of the paper. JF - National Weather Digest AU - Ferraro, R AU - Kusselson, S AU - Kidder, S AU - Zhao, L AU - Meng, H AD - University of Maryland Research Park (M-Square), 5825 University, Research Court, Suite 4001, College Park, MD 20740-3823, USA, Ralph.R.Ferraro@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 3 EP - 16 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0271-1052, 0271-1052 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) KW - Prediction KW - Sensors KW - Rainfall KW - Scientific satellites KW - U.S. satellite, NOAA KW - Meteorological satellite program KW - Microwaves KW - Sounding KW - Forecasting KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Satellite Technology KW - Weather KW - Hydrologic analysis KW - Information services KW - Soundings KW - Satellite instrumentation KW - Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) KW - Precipitable water KW - Oceanographic data KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/817610800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Digest&rft.atitle=APPLICATION+OF+AMSU-BASED+PRODUCTS+TO+SUPPORT+NOAA%27S+MISSION+GOALS&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+R%3BKusselson%2C+S%3BKidder%2C+S%3BZhao%2C+L%3BMeng%2C+H&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Weather+Digest&rft.issn=02711052&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Microwaves; Information services; Sensors; Soundings; Scientific satellites; Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I); U.S. satellite, NOAA; Meteorological satellite program; Hydrologic analysis; Precipitable water; Satellite instrumentation; Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU); Oceanographic data; Remote Sensing; Weather; Satellite Technology; Rainfall; Sounding; Forecasting; Hydrologic Data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental evidence of fatty acid limited growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae AN - 815535539; 13712190 AB - Changing environmental conditions in the North Pacific are altering the lipid/fatty acid (FA) composition of zooplankton assemblages, but the consequences to resident fish larvae are unknown. In the laboratory, we reared Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus larvae over 4 wk on prey enriched with varying levels of 2 essential FAs (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 22:6[omega]-3, and eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 20:5[omega]-3) to determine how this species responded to such changes in prey quality. Ratios of DHA:EPA were chosen to represent the natural variation observed in zooplankton of the North Pacific. We tested the hypotheses whether (1) energetically similar diets comprised of varying levels of DHA and EPA affect growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae, and (2) the highest levels of DHA:EPA (2:1) are optimal for Pacific cod larvae, as it has been shown for Atlantic species. Pacific cod larvae grew fastest with diets containing high levels of [omega]-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA > 22%). Diets with the same total lipid content but different DHA:EPA ratios (<0.1:1 to 2:1) also mediated growth and lipid composition of the larvae. Unlike Atlantic cod, Pacific cod larvae did not show as high a requirement for DHA relative to EPA but rather achieved largest size-at-age with intermediate DHA:EPA ratios (0.8:1 to 1.1:1). This range most closely resembled DHA:EPA ratios reported from North Pacific copepods, suggesting anomalous years with an over- or under-abundance of DHA-rich dinoflagellates or EPA-rich diatoms may be detrimental to survival and growth of Pacific cod larvae in the field. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Copeman, LA AU - Laurel, B J AD - Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, lcopeman@mun.ca Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 259 EP - 272 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 412 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food organisms KW - Lipids KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Diatoms KW - Survival KW - Fish larvae KW - Marine fish KW - Docosahexaenoic acid KW - Growth KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Copepoda KW - Lipid composition KW - Dinoflagellates KW - CD95 antigen KW - Prey KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Zooplankton KW - Gadus morhua KW - Larvae KW - Environmental impact KW - Chemical oxygen demand KW - prey KW - A, Atlantic KW - EPA KW - Gadus macrocephalus KW - Fas antigen KW - Fatty acids KW - Polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - survival KW - Environmental conditions KW - Plankton KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815535539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Experimental+evidence+of+fatty+acid+limited+growth+and+survival+in+Pacific+cod+larvae&rft.au=Copeman%2C+LA%3BLaurel%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Copeman&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fmeps08661 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Food organisms; Growth; Lipids; Environmental impact; Fatty acids; Survival; Fish larvae; Plankton; Diets; Zooplankton; Diatoms; Docosahexaenoic acid; Fas antigen; Lipid composition; Dinoflagellates; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; CD95 antigen; Environmental conditions; Prey; EPA; Larvae; prey; Chemical oxygen demand; survival; Gadus macrocephalus; Copepoda; Gadus morhua; Bacillariophyceae; IN, North Pacific; A, Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08661 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of rapidly deployable instrumentation packages for data acquisition in wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires AN - 787051105; 13248797 AB - In an effort to quantify structure ignition mechanisms during wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, rapidly deployable instrumentation packages were developed. For a structure under a WUI fire attack, the packages are designed to: (1) provide temporally resolved images of structure ignition mechanisms and (2) provide quantitative data on total heat flux, wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, and relative humidity near a structure. The unique design of the packages allowed for wireless transmission of all data signals collected to a hardened location. Prior to attempting to use these instrumentation packages in real WUI fires, a proof-of-concept test was conducted under a prescribed fire. In these tests, a shed was used as a surrogate for a typical structure that would be found in the WUI. The proof-of-concept test was successful and has demonstrated that relatively inexpensive instrumentation can be used to image structure ignition in the path of an approaching crown fire and that directional flame thermometers (DFT) were acceptable instrumentation to measure total heat flux in place of cumbersome water cooled total heat flux gages. JF - Fire Safety Journal AU - Manzello, Samuel L AU - Park, Seul-Hyun AU - Cleary, Thomas G AD - Fire Research Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8662, USA, samuelm@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 327 EP - 336 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0379-7112, 0379-7112 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires KW - Instrumentation KW - Structure ignition KW - Fires KW - safety engineering KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - Velocity KW - Packaging KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/787051105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.atitle=Development+of+rapidly+deployable+instrumentation+packages+for+data+acquisition+in+wildland-urban+interface+%28WUI%29+fires&rft.au=Manzello%2C+Samuel+L%3BPark%2C+Seul-Hyun%3BCleary%2C+Thomas+G&rft.aulast=Manzello&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Safety+Journal&rft.issn=03797112&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.firesaf.2010.06.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; safety engineering; Temperature; Velocity; Humidity; Packaging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.06.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural sunlight and residual fuel oils are an acutely lethal combination for fish embryos AN - 762264961; 13200502 AB - The majority of studies characterizing the mechanisms of oil toxicity in fish embryos and larvae have focused largely on unrefined crude oil. Few studies have addressed the toxicity of modern bunker fuels, which contain residual oils that are the highly processed and chemically distinct remains of the crude oil refinement process. Here we use zebrafish embryos to investigate potential toxicological differences between unrefined crude and residual fuel oils, and test the effects of sunlight as an additional stressor. Using mechanically dispersed oil preparations, the embryotoxicity of two bunker oils was compared to a standard crude oil from the Alaska North Slope. In the absence of sunlight, all three oils produced the stereotypical cardiac toxicity that has been linked to the fraction of tricyclic aromatic compounds in an oil mixture. However, the cardiotoxicity of bunker oils did not correlate strictly with the concentrations of tricyclic compounds. Moreover, when embryos were sequentially exposed to oil and natural sunlight, the bunker oils produced a rapid onset cell-lethal toxicity not observed with crude oil. To investigate the chemical basis of this differential toxicity, a GC/MS full scan analysis was used to identify a range of compounds that were enriched in the bunker oils. The much higher phototoxic potential of chemically distinct bunker oils observed here suggests that this mode of action should be considered in the assessment of bunker oil spill impacts, and indicates the need for a broader approach to understanding the aquatic toxicity of different oils. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Hatlen, Kristin AU - Sloan, Catherine A AU - Burrows, Douglas G AU - Collier, Tracy K AU - Scholz, Nathaniel L AU - Incardona, John P AD - Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA, john.incardona@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 SP - 56 EP - 64 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 99 IS - 1 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Zebra danio KW - Zebra fish KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Fuels KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Toxicity tests KW - Fish oils KW - Oil KW - Embryos KW - Fuel KW - Oil spills KW - Heart KW - Larvae KW - sunlight KW - Danio rerio KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fish KW - Aromatics KW - Embryonic Growth Stage KW - Guanylate cyclase KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Crude oil KW - Assessments KW - Sunlight KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil Pollution KW - Mode of Action KW - USA, Alaska, North Slope KW - Oils KW - Toxicity KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - Q1 08344:Reproduction and development KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762264961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Natural+sunlight+and+residual+fuel+oils+are+an+acutely+lethal+combination+for+fish+embryos&rft.au=Hatlen%2C+Kristin%3BSloan%2C+Catherine+A%3BBurrows%2C+Douglas+G%3BCollier%2C+Tracy+K%3BScholz%2C+Nathaniel+L%3BIncardona%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Hatlen&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2010.04.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crude oil; Fuels; Embryos; Oil pollution; Toxicity; Freshwater fish; Toxicity tests; Aromatics; Oil spills; Heart; Guanylate cyclase; Aromatic compounds; Oils; Sunlight; Fish oils; Oil; Larvae; Fish; sunlight; Mode of Action; Assessments; Water Pollution Effects; Embryonic Growth Stage; Oil Pollution; Fuel; Danio rerio; USA, Alaska, North Slope; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.04.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rampant drift in artificially fragmented populations of the endangered tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi) AN - 754897252; 13529316 AB - AbstractHabitat fragmentation and its genetic consequences are a critically important issue in evaluating the evolutionary penalties of human habitat modification. Here, we examine the genetic structure and diversity in naturally subdivided and artificially fragmented populations of the endangered tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi), a small fish restricted to discrete coastal lagoons and estuaries in California, USA. We use five naturally fragmented coastal populations from a 300- km spatial scale as a standard to assess migration and drift relative to eight artificially fragmented bay populations from a 30- km spatial scale. Using nine microsatellite loci in 621 individuals, and a 522-base fragment of mitochondrial DNA control region from 103 individuals, we found striking differences in the relative influences of migration and drift on genetic variation at these two scales. Overall, the artificially fragmented populations exhibited a consistent pattern of higher genetic differentiation and significantly lower genetic diversity relative to the naturally fragmented populations. Thus, even in a species characterized by habitat isolation and subdivision, further artificial fragmentation appears to result in substantial population genetic consequences and may not be sustainable. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - McCRANEY, WTYLER AU - Goldsmith, Greg AU - Jacobs, David K AU - Kinziger, Andrew P AD - *Department of Fisheries Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA 1, Tyler.McCraney@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 3315 EP - 3327 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 19 IS - 16 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Genetic diversity KW - Lagoons KW - Migration KW - Eucyclogobius newberryi KW - genetic structure KW - spatial distribution KW - Differentiation KW - Population genetics KW - INE, USA, California KW - migration KW - Estuaries KW - Microsatellites KW - Rare species KW - Habitat KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - population genetics KW - Coastal zone KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - Drift KW - Scales KW - Migrations KW - DNA KW - Fish KW - Population structure KW - Coastal lagoons KW - Genetic structure KW - Evolution KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - Q1 08343:Taxonomy and morphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754897252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Rampant+drift+in+artificially+fragmented+populations+of+the+endangered+tidewater+goby+%28Eucyclogobius+newberryi%29&rft.au=McCRANEY%2C+WTYLER%3BGoldsmith%2C+Greg%3BJacobs%2C+David+K%3BKinziger%2C+Andrew+P&rft.aulast=McCRANEY&rft.aufirst=WTYLER&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-294X.2010.04755.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 59 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population genetics; Nucleotide sequence; DNA; Migrations; Genetic diversity; Population structure; Coastal lagoons; Rare species; Evolution; Estuaries; Microsatellites; Habitat; Migration; Lagoons; Differentiation; Mitochondrial DNA; Drift; Scales; Genetic structure; population genetics; migration; spatial distribution; Coastal zone; Fish; mitochondrial DNA; genetic structure; Eucyclogobius newberryi; INE, USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04755.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States during Recent Decades AN - 754892697; 13512435 AB - The variability of summer precipitation in the southeastern United States is examined in this study using 60-yr (1948-2007) rainfall data. The Southeast summer rainfalls exhibited higher interannual variability with more intense summer droughts and anomalous wetness in the recent 30 years (1978-2007) than in the prior 30 years (1948-77). Such intensification of summer rainfall variability was consistent with a decrease of light (0.1-1 mm day super(-1)) and medium (1-10 mm day super(-1)) rainfall events during extremely dry summers and an increase of heavy (>10 mm day super(-1)) rainfall events in extremely wet summers. Changes in rainfall variability were also accompanied by a southward shift of the region of maximum zonal wind variability at the jet stream level in the latter period. The covariability between the Southeast summer precipitation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is also analyzed using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. It is shown that the increase of Southeast summer precipitation variability is primarily associated with a higher SST variability across the equatorial Atlantic and also SST warming in the Atlantic. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Wang, Hui AU - Fu, Rong AU - Kumar, Arun AU - Li, Wenhong AD - NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland, and Wyle Information Systems, McLean, Virginia, hui.wang@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1007 EP - 1018 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Degradation KW - Rainfall data KW - Rainfall KW - Drought KW - USA, Southeast KW - Streams KW - Decomposition KW - Summer rainfall KW - Sea surface temperatures KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Droughts KW - Wind KW - Rainfall variability KW - Jet stream KW - Precipitation KW - Hydrometeorology KW - Interannual variability KW - Hydrometeorological research KW - AS, Equatorial Atlantic KW - Precipitation variability KW - Zonal wind variability KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 551.465:Structure/Dynamics/Circulation (551.465) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754892697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Intensification+of+Summer+Rainfall+Variability+in+the+Southeastern+United+States+during+Recent+Decades&rft.au=Wang%2C+Hui%3BFu%2C+Rong%3BKumar%2C+Arun%3BLi%2C+Wenhong&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JHM1229.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Rainfall; Jet stream; Droughts; Hydrometeorological research; Interannual variability; Rainfall variability; Summer rainfall; Rainfall data; Precipitation variability; Drought; Precipitation; Zonal wind variability; Sea surface temperatures; Hydrometeorology; Variability; Decomposition; Hydrologic Data; Streams; Wind; AS, Equatorial Atlantic; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1229.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatiotemporal patterns in migration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in North America AN - 754886097; 13446481 AB - The timing of ocean entry by salmon smolts is presumed adaptive to maximize survival during this critical life transition. We analyzed the peak timing, duration, and interannual variation in timing of smolt migrations for 53 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations from central California to Kodiak Island, Alaska. The objective was to examine potential influences of both local watershed characteristics and larger-scale processes in the marine environment on smolt migration patterns. Multivariate analyses demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in migration patterns with trends toward later, shorter, and more predictable migrations with increasing latitude. Cluster analysis performed on migration descriptors indicated three major population groupings that coincide with major coastal oceanic regions in the northeast Pacific: a northern group from Kodiak Island to the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, a central group from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to the Columbia River, and a southern group from the Columbia River southward. These regional patterns transcended local variability associated with watershed characteristics and trap location, suggesting that the patterns reflect adaptation to differences in timing and relative predictability of favorable conditions in the marine environments that smolts enter. resume etre une adaptation pour maximiser la survie durant cette transition importante dans la vie des saumons. Nous avons analyse le moment des migrations maximales, la duree des migrations et la variation interannuelle du calendrier de la migration des saumoneaux dans 53 populations de saumons coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) reparties du centre de la Californie a l'ile Kodiak, Alaska. Notre objectif etait d'examiner les influences possibles a la fois des caracteristiques du bassin versant local et des processus a plus grande echelle dans le milieu marin sur les patrons de migration des saumoneaux. Des analyses multidimensionnelles indiquent un fort gradient latitudinal dans les patrons de migration, avec une tendance vers des migrations plus tardives, plus courtes et plus previsibles aux latitudes plus elevees. Des analyses de groupement effectuees sur les descripteurs de la migration identifient trois principaux regroupements de populations qui coincident avec les trois regions cotieres principales du nord-est du Pacifique : un groupe boreal de l'ile Kodiak aux iles de la Reine-Charlotte, Colombie-Britannique, un groupe central des iles de la Reine-Charlotte vers le sud jusqu'au fleuve Columbia et un groupe austral au sud du Columbia. Ces patrons regionaux transcendent la variabilite locale associee aux caracteristiques du bassin versant et a la position du piege, ce qui laisse croire que les patrons sont le reflet d'une adaptation aux differences dans la presence et la previsibilite relative des conditions favorables des environnements marins dans lesquels les saumoneaux vont penetrer. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences/Journal Canadien des Sciences Halieutiques et Aquatiques AU - Spence, Brian C AU - Hall, James D AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95062, USA., Brian.Spence@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1316 EP - 1334 PB - NRC Research Press, 1200 Montreal Rd, Bldg M-55, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada, Tel.: 613-993-9084, 613-990-7873 or 1-800-668-1222 (Canada and U.S.), Fax: 613-952-7656, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Smolt KW - Marine Environment KW - Anadromous species KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I. KW - Watersheds KW - Migration KW - British Isles, England, Avon KW - Marine environment KW - INE, USA, California KW - Canada, British Columbia KW - Salmon KW - Timing KW - Rivers KW - Smolts KW - Latitudinal variations KW - salmon KW - latitude KW - survival KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Survival KW - Environmental factors KW - adaptability KW - INE, USA, Columbia Estuary KW - Islands KW - Multivariate analysis KW - smolts KW - Adaptation KW - migration KW - Adaptations KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - Oceans KW - Migrations KW - INE, Canada, British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Is. KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08341:General KW - Y 25080:Orientation, Migration and Locomotion KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754886097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences%2FJournal+Canadien+des+Sciences+Halieutiques+et+Aquatiques&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal+patterns+in+migration+timing+of+coho+salmon+%28Oncorhynchus+kisutch%29+smolts+in+North+America&rft.au=Spence%2C+Brian+C%3BHall%2C+James+D&rft.aulast=Spence&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences%2FJournal+Canadien+des+Sciences+Halieutiques+et+Aquatiques&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1139%2FF10-060 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adaptations; Latitudinal variations; Anadromous species; Smolts; Migrations; Watersheds; Environmental factors; Rivers; Islands; Multivariate analysis; Marine environment; Oceans; Survival; Migration; migration; smolts; salmon; latitude; survival; adaptability; Timing; Salmon; Smolt; Marine Environment; Adaptation; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Canada, British Columbia; INE, USA, Columbia Estuary; British Isles, England, Avon; INE, USA, California; INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I.; INE, USA, Alaska; INE, Canada, British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Is. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-060 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing non-target, data-poor species using catch limits: lessons from the Alaskan groundfish fishery AN - 754558764; 13362961 AB - Abstract The 2006 reauthorisation of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act requires annual catch limits for all target and non-target species within federally managed fisheries in the United States. In Alaska, both target and non-target species in the Alaska groundfish fisheries have been managed using catch limits since the early 1990s. Non-target species that are caught incidentally in a fishery require monitoring to ensure that the population is not negatively impacted by commercial fishing. Resource assessment scientists have been challenged with obtaining sufficient data to recommend an acceptable catch level for management of these species. This paper reviews three case studies where a catch limit is determined for non-target species when certain data are limited: (1) varying levels of biomass and catch data for all species within a species group or complex; (2) adequate catch data but no biomass data; (3) emerging target fishery of data-poor species, plus an example of how a complex of ecosystem component species is managed. JF - Fisheries Management and Ecology AU - Reuter, R F AU - Conners, Me AU - DICOSIMO, J AU - Gaichas, S AU - Ormseth, O AU - Tenbrink, T T AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA, rebecca.reuter@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 323 EP - 335 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0969-997X, 0969-997X KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - USA, Alaska KW - Environmental monitoring KW - catches KW - Resource management KW - Data processing KW - fishery management KW - Biomass KW - case studies KW - Fishing KW - Commercial fishing KW - Fishery management KW - Reviews KW - Fisheries KW - Conservation KW - Quota regulations KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q4 27800:Miscellaneous KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754558764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Management+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Managing+non-target%2C+data-poor+species+using+catch+limits%3A+lessons+from+the+Alaskan+groundfish+fishery&rft.au=Reuter%2C+R+F%3BConners%2C+Me%3BDICOSIMO%2C+J%3BGaichas%2C+S%3BOrmseth%2C+O%3BTenbrink%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Management+and+Ecology&rft.issn=0969997X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2400.2009.00726.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Commercial fishing; Resource management; Fishery management; Quota regulations; Fishing; Data processing; Fisheries; Conservation; Biomass; case studies; catches; Reviews; fishery management; USA, Alaska DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00726.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat use and movement patterns of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas determined using pop-up satellite archival tags AN - 754536530; 13246609 AB - Habitat use, movement and residency of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas were determined using satellite pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags throughout coastal areas in the U.S., Gulf of Mexico and waters off the south-east U.S. From 2005 to 2007, 18 fish (mean size = 164 cm fork length, LF) were tagged over all seasons. Fish retained tags for up to 85 days (median = 30 days). Based on geolocation data from initial tagging location to pop-off location, C. leucas generally travelled c. 5-6 km day-1 and travelled an average of 143.6 km. Overall, mean proportions of time at depth revealed C. leucas spent the majority of their time in waters <20 m. They exhibited significant differences among depths but were not found at a particular depth regardless of diurnal period. Most fish occupied temperatures c. 32 C with individuals found mostly between 26 and 33 C. Geolocation data for C. leucas were generally poor and varied considerably but tracks for two individuals revealed long distance movements. One fish travelled from the south-east coast of the U.S. to coastal Texas near Galveston while another moved up the east coast of the U.S. to South Carolina. Data on C. leucas movements indicated that they are found primarily in shallower waters and tend to remain in the same location over long periods. While some individuals made large-scale movements over open ocean areas, the results emphasize the importance of the coastal zone for this species as potential essential habitat, particularly in areas of high freshwater inflow. JF - Journal of Fish Biology AU - Carlson, J K AU - Ribera, M M AU - Conrath, CL AU - Heupel, M R AU - Burgess, G H AD - *NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, U.S.A. 1, john.carlson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 661 EP - 675 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1112, 0022-1112 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - geolocation KW - habitat utilization KW - residency KW - Leucas KW - Remote sensing KW - ANW, USA, South Carolina KW - Habitat selection KW - Marine fish KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - inflow KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston KW - Habitat utilization KW - Tagging KW - Carcharhinus leucas KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Diurnal variations KW - Data processing KW - Freshwater environments KW - Temperature KW - Habitat KW - Satellites KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Ocean currents KW - Tags KW - Satellite sensing KW - Local movements KW - Coastal zone KW - Oceans KW - Fish KW - sharks KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q2 09393:Remote geosensing KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754536530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.atitle=Habitat+use+and+movement+patterns+of+bull+sharks+Carcharhinus+leucas+determined+using+pop-up+satellite+archival+tags&rft.au=Carlson%2C+J+K%3BRibera%2C+M+M%3BConrath%2C+CL%3BHeupel%2C+M+R%3BBurgess%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.issn=00221112&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2010.02707.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ocean currents; Marine fish; Local movements; Satellite sensing; Tags; Coastal zone; Remote sensing; Tagging; Habitat selection; Temperature effects; Data processing; Freshwater environments; Oceans; Habitat utilization; Habitat; Satellites; Diurnal variations; Temperature; inflow; Fish; sharks; Carcharhinus leucas; Leucas; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Texas; ANW, USA, South Carolina; ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02707.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardization of radium-223 by liquid scintillation counting AN - 745730043; 13141909 AB - Liquid scintillation (LS) counting was undertaken as part of the primary standardization of super(223)Ra. Radium-223 decays with a half life of 11.43 d through a chain of shorter-lived daughter radionuclides, resulting in five alpha decays and three beta decays. The CIEMAT/NIST method of tritium efficiency tracing was employed, with the beta efficiencies being calculated using the program CN2004, developed by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The total calculated LS efficiency, considering all daughter radionuclides, was approximately 598%. Separate experiments were performed to rule out loss of the 3.96 s super(219)Ra daughter from the cocktail and possible counting loss of the 1.78 ms super(215)Po daughter due to LS counter dead-time. No loss was observed in either experiment. In the final experiment an expanded uncertainty (k=2) of 0.55% was achieved. Results were in excellent agreement with confirmatory measurements performed by 2[pi]a proportional counting. However, results are not in agreement with methods based on gamma ray measurements. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Cessna, J T AU - Zimmerman, B E AD - Ionizing Radiation Division, Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA, Jeffrey.cessna@nist.govbez@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1523 EP - 1528 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 68 IS - 7-8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Liquid scintillation counting KW - CIEMAT/NIST method KW - Standardization KW - Isotopes KW - Tritium KW - Scintillation KW - Radioisotopes KW - Standards KW - Decay KW - Enumeration KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745730043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Standardization+of+radium-223+by+liquid+scintillation+counting&rft.au=Cessna%2C+J+T%3BZimmerman%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Cessna&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.11.068 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standardization; Isotopes; Tritium; Scintillation; Radioisotopes; Enumeration; Standards; Decay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.068 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new primary standardization of super(229)Th AN - 745729983; 13141864 AB - The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has certified a high-purity super(229)Th Standard Reference Material as SRM 4328C, based on live-timed 4[pi]ab-g anticoincidence counting (LTAC) of the equilibrium solution. The LTAC system was optimized to minimize the uncertainty in the result due to the two short-lived ground-states present in the decay chain. Confirmatory measurements were carried out by four other methods. Furthermore, the present absolute activity and measured g-ray emission rates were combined to obtain g-ray emission probabilities. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Fitzgerald, R AU - Colle, R AU - Laureano-Perez, L AU - Pibida, L AU - Hammond, M M AU - Nour, S AU - Zimmerman, B E AD - Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1303 EP - 1308 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 68 IS - 7-8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Th-229 KW - Thorium KW - Primary standard KW - Radiochronometry KW - Tracer KW - Radioactivity KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Standard KW - Isotopes KW - Emission measurements KW - Emissions KW - Standards KW - Decay KW - Technology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745729983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=A+new+primary+standardization+of+super%28229%29Th&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+R%3BColle%2C+R%3BLaureano-Perez%2C+L%3BPibida%2C+L%3BHammond%2C+M+M%3BNour%2C+S%3BZimmerman%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2010.01.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Emissions; Emission measurements; Standards; Decay; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.01.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An automated ionization chamber for secondary radioactivity standards AN - 745713528; 13141905 AB - I report on the operation and characterization of a new ionization chamber system, AUTOIC, featuring a commercial digital electrometer and a commercial robotic sample changer. The relative accuracy of the electrometer was improved significantly beyond the manufacturer's specifications through an in-house calibration of the various ranges, applied via software. The measurement precision and repeatability of the system have been determined by measuring multiple samples of the same radionuclide over the span of two or three years. The linearity of the system was examined by following the decay of super(99m)Tc, super(99)Mo and super(133)Xe sources for up to 19 half-lives and determining half-life values. All of these values agree with the accepted literature values, within their combined uncertainties. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Fitzgerald, R AD - Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1507 EP - 1509 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 68 IS - 7-8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Ionization chamber KW - Radioactivity KW - Isotopes KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Radioisotopes KW - robotics KW - Decay KW - Ionization KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745713528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=An+automated+ionization+chamber+for+secondary+radioactivity+standards&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.12.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; software; Isotopes; Radioisotopes; robotics; Radioactivity; Ionization; Decay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.12.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation into the standardization of super(99)Tc AN - 745713524; 13141902 AB - The standardization of super(99)Tc by several primary methods was investigated. This was performed to support a new super(99)Tc transfer standard that has been developed and will be disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as Standard Reference Material SRM 4288B. The standardization for the super(99)Tc content of the solution was based on 4[pi]b liquid scintillation (LS) measurements with super(3)H-standard efficiency tracing (CIEMAT/NIST method). Confirmatory determinations were performed by 4[pi]b(LS)-g(NaI) live-timed anti-coincidence (LTAC) counting and an LS-based 4[pi]b triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Laureano-Perez, L AU - Colle, R AU - Fitzgerald, R AU - Zimmerman, B E AU - Cumberland, L AD - Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology super(1), Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA, lizbeth.laureano-perez@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1489 EP - 1494 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 68 IS - 7-8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Anti-coincidence counting KW - Beta counting KW - CIEMAT/NIST method KW - Efficiency tracing KW - Liquid scintillation (LS) KW - Radioactivity KW - SRM KW - Standards KW - Technetium-99 KW - Isotopes KW - Technology KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745713524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Investigation+into+the+standardization+of+super%2899%29Tc&rft.au=Laureano-Perez%2C+L%3BColle%2C+R%3BFitzgerald%2C+R%3BZimmerman%2C+B+E%3BCumberland%2C+L&rft.aulast=Laureano-Perez&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.11.049 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Standards; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.049 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of secondary standards for super(223)Ra AN - 744712880; 13141877 AB - Ra-223 is a bone-seeking alpha emitter currently being evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical. Concurrent with the primary standardization, NIST established that calibration factors currently used for radionuclide calibrators in the clinical setting give readings 5.7-8.7% higher than the NIST calibrated activity. This work describes the determination of calibration factors specific to dose vials and syringes. Using the calibration factors derived with standard ampoules to measure syringe activities can give readings up to 3.6% too high. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Bergeron, Denis E AU - Zimmerman, Brian E AU - Cessna, Jeffrey T AD - Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, denis.bergeron@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1367 EP - 1370 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 68 IS - 7-8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Environment Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - Dose calibrator KW - Secondary standardization KW - Ionization chamber KW - Standardization KW - Isotopes KW - syringes KW - Radioisotopes KW - Syringes KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Standards KW - Language KW - T 2065:General and Miscellaneous Topics KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744712880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Development+of+secondary+standards+for+super%28223%29Ra&rft.au=Bergeron%2C+Denis+E%3BZimmerman%2C+Brian+E%3BCessna%2C+Jeffrey+T&rft.aulast=Bergeron&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.11.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standardization; Isotopes; Radioisotopes; Pharmaceuticals; Syringes; Language; syringes; Standards DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of an international comparison of super(57)Co AN - 744709394; 13141847 AB - As part of a Cooperative Research Project (CRP) aimed at improving the state of radioactivity measurement in nuclear medicine, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a comparison of super(57)Co solutions among the participants of the project. The comparison solutions were prepared from a single master stock solution and distributed to the participating laboratories, who measured the activity concentration of the solution using either the laboratory's radionuclide activity calibrator or primary standardization methods. A total of 9 sets of results were received, with 5 laboratories reporting results of primary measurements, one reporting results of secondary measurements calibrated against primary standards, and three laboratories reporting values based on measurements in commercial re-entrant ionization chambers using manufacturer-recommended calibration figures. Most of the laboratories reporting primary standardizations also provided results from secondary standardizations. The Comparison Reference Value was calculated from the mean of the five primary standardizations and was found to be 35.54 MBq g super(-1), with a standard deviation of the mean of 0.17 MBq g super(-1). Degrees of equivalence were calculated for each reporting laboratory and demonstrated that equivalence to within about 4% could be achieved, even in the case of those laboratories that used instruments calibrated by third parties. JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes AU - Zimmerman, B E AU - Palm, S AD - Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA, bez@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1217 EP - 1220 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 68 IS - 7-8 SN - 0969-8043, 0969-8043 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Isotopes KW - comparative studies KW - Radioisotopes KW - Standards KW - Nuclear energy KW - Radioactivity KW - cooperatives KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744709394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=Results+of+an+international+comparison+of+super%2857%29Co&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+B+E%3BPalm%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.issn=09698043&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2009.12.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; comparative studies; Radioisotopes; Nuclear energy; Standards; Radioactivity; cooperatives DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.12.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Reproductive Stage and Temperature on Rates of Oxygen Consumption in Paralithodes platypus (Decapoda: Anomura) AN - 744626264; 13197456 AB - Paralithodes platypus is a large decapod that inhabits Alaskan and North Pacific waters. Females exhibit a biennial spawning cycle, requiring two years for production of fully mature ooecytes. We used respirometry and video recording to determine: 1) metabolic rates of brooding and post-brooding females, embryos, and larvae at different temperatures, 2) if females exhibit active brood care, 3) oxygen availability within the clutch, and 4) the timing of larval hatching. The rates of oxygen consumption (MO2) of brooding females was significantly higher than that of post-brooding females at night, but was similar during the day and increased significantly with temperature. MO2 of crab embryos did not differ with position in the clutch, whereas MO2 of zoeae averaged 4-fold higher than that of embryos. Larvae from the periphery of the embryo mass, either top or bottom, hatched prior to larvae from the middle of the clutch. Oxygen availability in the embryo mass varied significantly with position in the clutch; saturation was highest at the top (~ 91%), and lowest at the middle (~ 66%). Flapping of the pleon in brooding females was coincident with sudden increases in oxygen availability at the bottom of the embryo mass. The percentage of time that brooding females were engaged in flapping of the pleon was 30% higher at night than during the day. Our results address the cost of brooding in a lithodid crab and the effects of temperature on this behavior. The importance of pleonal flapping to ventilation of the embryo mass and alternative hatching mechanisms is discussed. JF - Journal of Crustacean Biology AU - Romero, MCarolina AU - Tapella, Federico AU - Stevens, Bradley AU - Buck, CLoren AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Kodiak Fishery Research Center, 301 Research Ct., Kodiak, Alaska 99615, U.S.A Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 393 EP - 400 PB - Crustacean Society VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0278-0372, 0278-0372 KW - Blue king crab KW - Crabs KW - Crayfishes KW - Lobsters KW - Prawns KW - Shrimp KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Temperature effects KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Paralithodes platypus KW - Decapoda KW - Ventilation KW - Brood care KW - Anomura KW - Metabolic rate KW - Life cycle KW - Spawning KW - Zoeae KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Clutch KW - Embryos KW - Reproduction KW - Hatching KW - Aquatic mammals KW - Crustacean larvae KW - Abiotic factors KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1030:Invertebrates KW - Q1 08284:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744626264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Crustacean+Biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Reproductive+Stage+and+Temperature+on+Rates+of+Oxygen+Consumption+in+Paralithodes+platypus+%28Decapoda%3A+Anomura%29&rft.au=Romero%2C+MCarolina%3BTapella%2C+Federico%3BStevens%2C+Bradley%3BBuck%2C+CLoren&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=MCarolina&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Crustacean+Biology&rft.issn=02780372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1651%2F09-3203.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen consumption; Temperature effects; Clutch; Life cycle; Reproduction; Aquatic mammals; Crustacean larvae; Zoeae; Abiotic factors; Ventilation; Brood care; Metabolic rate; Embryos; Spawning; Hatching; Paralithodes platypus; Decapoda; Anomura; IN, North Pacific DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/09-3203.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eosinophilia and biotoxin exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from a coastal area impacted by repeated mortality events. AN - 733994742; 20537621 AB - Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico have been impacted by recurrent unusual mortality events over the past few decades. Several of these mortality events along the Florida panhandle have been tentatively attributed to poisoning from brevetoxin produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. While dolphins in other regions of the Florida coast are often exposed to K. brevis blooms, large-scale dolphin mortality events are relatively rare and the frequency and magnitude of die-offs along the Panhandle raise concern for the apparent vulnerability of dolphins in this region. We report results from dolphin health assessments conducted near St. Joseph Bay, Florida, an area impacted by 3 unusual die-offs within a 7-year time span. An eosinophilia syndrome, manifested as an elevated blood eosinophil count without obvious cause, was observed in 23% of sampled dolphins. Elevated eosinophil counts were associated with decreased T-lymphocyte proliferation and increased neutrophil phagocytosis. In addition, indication of chronic low-level exposure to another algal toxin, domoic acid produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp., was determined. Previous studies of other marine mammal populations exposed recurrently to Pseudo-nitzschia blooms have suggested a possible link between the eosinophilia and domoic acid exposure. While the chronic eosinophilia syndrome could over the long-term produce organ damage and alter immunological status and thereby increase vulnerability to other challenges, the significance of the high prevalence of the syndrome to the observed mortality events in the St. Joseph Bay area is unclear. Nonetheless, the unusual immunological findings and concurrent evidence of domoic acid exposure in this sentinel marine species suggest a need for further investigation to elucidate potential links between chronic, low-level exposure to algal toxins and immune health. Published by Elsevier Inc. JF - Environmental research AU - Schwacke, Lori H AU - Twiner, Michael J AU - De Guise, Sylvain AU - Balmer, Brian C AU - Wells, Randall S AU - Townsend, Forrest I AU - Rotstein, David C AU - Varela, Rene A AU - Hansen, Larry J AU - Zolman, Eric S AU - Spradlin, Trevor R AU - Levin, Milton AU - Leibrecht, Heather AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - Rowles, Teresa K AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Human Health Risks, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. Lori.Schwacke@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 548 EP - 555 VL - 110 IS - 6 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Seawater -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Dinoflagellida -- growth & development KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Harmful Algal Bloom KW - Female KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Bottle-Nosed Dolphin -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Kainic Acid -- analysis KW - Eosinophilia -- mortality KW - Eosinophilia -- epidemiology KW - Kainic Acid -- metabolism KW - Eosinophilia -- veterinary KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733994742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Eosinophilia+and+biotoxin+exposure+in+bottlenose+dolphins+%28Tursiops+truncatus%29+from+a+coastal+area+impacted+by+repeated+mortality+events.&rft.au=Schwacke%2C+Lori+H%3BTwiner%2C+Michael+J%3BDe+Guise%2C+Sylvain%3BBalmer%2C+Brian+C%3BWells%2C+Randall+S%3BTownsend%2C+Forrest+I%3BRotstein%2C+David+C%3BVarela%2C+Rene+A%3BHansen%2C+Larry+J%3BZolman%2C+Eric+S%3BSpradlin%2C+Trevor+R%3BLevin%2C+Milton%3BLeibrecht%2C+Heather%3BWang%2C+Zhihong%3BRowles%2C+Teresa+K&rft.aulast=Schwacke&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=1096-0953&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2010.05.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2010-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Environ Res. 2011 Nov;111(8):1328-9 [21570682] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.05.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest road erosion control using multiobjective optimization AN - 1400617018; 2013-052721 AB - Forest roads are associated with accelerated erosion and can be a major source of sediment delivery to streams, which can degrade aquatic habitat. Controlling road-related erosion therefore remains an important issue for forest stewardship. Managers are faced with the task to develop efficient road management strategies to achieve conflicting environmental and economic goals. This manuscript uses mathematical programming techniques to identify the efficient frontier between sediment reduction and treatment costs. Information on the nature of the tradeoffs between conflicting objectives can give the decision maker more insight into the problem, and help in reaching a suitable compromise solution. This approach avoids difficulties associated with a priori establishment of targets for sediment reduction, preferences between competing objectives, and mechanisms to scale noncommensurate objectives. Computational results demonstrate the utility of this multiobjective optimization approach, which should facilitate tradeoff analysis and ideally promote efficient erosion control on forest roads. Abstract Copyright (2010), American Water Resources Association. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Thompson, Matthew AU - Sessions, John AU - Boston, Kevin AU - Skaugset, Arne AU - Tomberlin, David Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 712 EP - 723 PB - Wiley Interscience on behalf of American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - forests KW - erosion KW - numerical analysis KW - Mendocino County California KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - water erosion KW - erosion features KW - public lands KW - California KW - mitigation KW - erosion control KW - sediments KW - Caspar Creek watershed KW - policy KW - Jackson Demonstration State Forest KW - water pollution KW - roads KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1400617018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Forest+road+erosion+control+using+multiobjective+optimization&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Matthew%3BSessions%2C+John%3BBoston%2C+Kevin%3BSkaugset%2C+Arne%3BTomberlin%2C+David&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1752-1688.2010.00443.x L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 71 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-07-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; Caspar Creek watershed; erosion; erosion control; erosion features; forests; hydrology; Jackson Demonstration State Forest; Mendocino County California; mitigation; numerical analysis; optimization; policy; pollution; public lands; roads; sediments; United States; water erosion; water management; water pollution; watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00443.x ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Terahertz Spectroscopy for Investigating Biomolecular Structure and Carrier Dynamics in Photovoltaic Nanofilms T2 - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy AN - 1313000680; 6014819 JF - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy AU - Heilweil, Edwin Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Spectroscopy KW - solar cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313000680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Vibrational+Spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Terahertz+Spectroscopy+for+Investigating+Biomolecular+Structure+and+Carrier+Dynamics+in+Photovoltaic+Nanofilms&rft.au=Heilweil%2C+Edwin&rft.aulast=Heilweil&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Vibrational+Spectroscopy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2010&program=vibrspectr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Learn Latex for Efficient Thesis Writing T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312980338; 6028444 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Yasmin, Lucero Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - latex KW - Latex UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312980338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Learn+Latex+for+Efficient+Thesis+Writing&rft.au=Yasmin%2C+Lucero&rft.aulast=Yasmin&rft.aufirst=Lucero&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analysis of Time-Series Data using State-Space and Hierarchical Modeling T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312980153; 6028439 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Holmes, Eli Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - time series analysis KW - Data processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312980153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Time-Series+Data+using+State-Space+and+Hierarchical+Modeling&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Eli&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of current fishery regulations on the Northern Gulf of California marine ecosystem T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312963776; 6029579 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Morzaria-Luna, Hem AU - Ainsworth, Cameron AU - Kaplan, Isaac Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Mexico, California Gulf KW - Fisheries KW - marine ecosystems KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Fishery regulations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312963776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+current+fishery+regulations+on+the+Northern+Gulf+of+California+marine+ecosystem&rft.au=Morzaria-Luna%2C+Hem%3BAinsworth%2C+Cameron%3BKaplan%2C+Isaac&rft.aulast=Morzaria-Luna&rft.aufirst=Hem&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fishing catch shares in the face of global change: A framework for integrating cumulative impacts and single species management T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312943527; 6029681 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Kaplan, Isaac Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - catches KW - fishing KW - Fishing KW - Fishery management KW - Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312943527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Fishing+catch+shares+in+the+face+of+global+change%3A+A+framework+for+integrating+cumulative+impacts+and+single+species+management&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Isaac&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Ocean Policy Task Force: Using information about ecosystem services in marine spatial planning T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312938691; 6030854 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Sandifer, Paul Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Environmental planning KW - ocean policy KW - spatial distribution KW - Marine environment KW - Ocean policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312938691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Ocean+Policy+Task+Force%3A+Using+information+about+ecosystem+services+in+marine+spatial+planning&rft.au=Sandifer%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Sandifer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Marine ecosystem services in a changing world: synthesis of the Climate Impacts Report for policy makers T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312938647; 6030853 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Ruckelshaus, Mary Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - marine ecosystems KW - Climate KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Policies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312938647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Marine+ecosystem+services+in+a+changing+world%3A+synthesis+of+the+Climate+Impacts+Report+for+policy+makers&rft.au=Ruckelshaus%2C+Mary&rft.aulast=Ruckelshaus&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An investigation of in situ denitrification in urban and forested wetlands using the 15N push-pull method T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312935650; 6029562 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Harrison, Melanie AU - Groffman, Peter AU - Mayer, Paul AU - Kaushal, Sujay Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Urban areas KW - forested wetlands KW - Denitrification KW - Wetlands KW - Nitrogen isotopes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312935650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=An+investigation+of+in+situ+denitrification+in+urban+and+forested+wetlands+using+the+15N+push-pull+method&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Melanie%3BGroffman%2C+Peter%3BMayer%2C+Paul%3BKaushal%2C+Sujay&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential changes in life-history diversity within Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon in response to climate change T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312934109; 6029105 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Crozier, Lisa Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - USA, Snake R. KW - summer KW - life history KW - Climatic changes KW - salmon KW - Rivers KW - Temperature effects KW - Species diversity KW - Anadromous species KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312934109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Potential+changes+in+life-history+diversity+within+Snake+River+spring%2Fsummer+Chinook+salmon+in+response+to+climate+change&rft.au=Crozier%2C+Lisa&rft.aulast=Crozier&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential impacts of climate change in northeast Pacific marine food webs T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312930157; 6028485 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Samhouri, Jameal AU - Ainsworth, Cameron AU - Busch, D AU - Okey, Thomas AU - Cheung, William Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Pacific KW - food webs KW - Climatic changes KW - Food webs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312930157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Potential+impacts+of+climate+change+in+northeast+Pacific+marine+food+webs&rft.au=Samhouri%2C+Jameal%3BAinsworth%2C+Cameron%3BBusch%2C+D%3BOkey%2C+Thomas%3BCheung%2C+William&rft.aulast=Samhouri&rft.aufirst=Jameal&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tropical storm influence on nitrous oxide emissions from the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic region T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312916337; 6029877 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Stow, Craig AU - Walker, John AU - Geron, Chris Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - Hypoxia KW - Storms KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Emissions KW - Tropical depressions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312916337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Tropical+storm+influence+on+nitrous+oxide+emissions+from+the+Gulf+of+Mexico+hypoxic+region&rft.au=Stow%2C+Craig%3BWalker%2C+John%3BGeron%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Stow&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hot sour soup: Coral thresholds in two dimensions from one causative agent T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312913267; 6029111 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Eakin, C AU - Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove AU - Donner, Simon AU - Gledhill, Dwight AU - Christensen, Tyler AU - Heron, Scott AU - Liu, Gang AU - Morgan, Jessica AU - Parker, Britt AU - Skirving, William AU - Strong, Alan Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Coral reefs KW - Soups KW - Sour taste UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312913267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Hot+sour+soup%3A+Coral+thresholds+in+two+dimensions+from+one+causative+agent&rft.au=Eakin%2C+C%3BHoegh-Guldberg%2C+Ove%3BDonner%2C+Simon%3BGledhill%2C+Dwight%3BChristensen%2C+Tyler%3BHeron%2C+Scott%3BLiu%2C+Gang%3BMorgan%2C+Jessica%3BParker%2C+Britt%3BSkirving%2C+William%3BStrong%2C+Alan&rft.aulast=Eakin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improvement of the use of MSG and GOES data in the NCEP GDAS T2 - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AN - 1312900388; 6024906 JF - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AU - Zhu, Tong AU - Weng, Fuzhong AU - Liu, Haixia AU - Derber, John Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Data processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312900388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.atitle=Improvement+of+the+use+of+MSG+and+GOES+data+in+the+NCEP+GDAS&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Tong%3BWeng%2C+Fuzhong%3BLiu%2C+Haixia%3BDerber%2C+John&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Tong&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://spie.org/Documents/ConferencesExhibitions/OP10-Final-lr.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of satellite surface wind observations on ocean surface wind analyses and numerical weather prediction T2 - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AN - 1312900328; 6024905 JF - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AU - Atlas, Robert Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Oceans KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312900328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.atitle=Impact+of+satellite+surface+wind+observations+on+ocean+surface+wind+analyses+and+numerical+weather+prediction&rft.au=Atlas%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Atlas&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://spie.org/Documents/ConferencesExhibitions/OP10-Final-lr.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Food web impacts of brook trout invasion in salmon rearing streams of the Snake River Basin, ID T2 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AN - 1312897313; 6028664 JF - 95th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2010) AU - Warren, Dana AU - McClure, Michelle AU - Sanderson, Beth Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - USA, Snake R. KW - food webs KW - Streams KW - salmon KW - invasions KW - River basins KW - Food webs KW - Fish culture KW - Anadromous species KW - Salmonidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312897313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Food+web+impacts+of+brook+trout+invasion+in+salmon+rearing+streams+of+the+Snake+River+Basin%2C+ID&rft.au=Warren%2C+Dana%3BMcClure%2C+Michelle%3BSanderson%2C+Beth&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2010/techprogram/index.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Extended inter-comparison of collocated MetOp-A AVHRR - IASI brightness temperature data and its implication for AVHRR calibration T2 - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AN - 1312885079; 6024910 JF - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AU - Kovilakom, Rama Varma AU - Wu, Xiangqian Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Brightness KW - Surface radiation temperature KW - Iasis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312885079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.atitle=Extended+inter-comparison+of+collocated+MetOp-A+AVHRR+-+IASI+brightness+temperature+data+and+its+implication+for+AVHRR+calibration&rft.au=Kovilakom%2C+Rama+Varma%3BWu%2C+Xiangqian&rft.aulast=Kovilakom&rft.aufirst=Rama&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://spie.org/Documents/ConferencesExhibitions/OP10-Final-lr.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Report on the NIST workshop of Dec. 10, 2009: calibration strategies for bridging possible climate data gaps T2 - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AN - 1312885031; 6024908 JF - VI Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization: Readiness for GEOSS IV AU - Datla, Raju AU - Rice, Joseph AU - Cooksey, Catherine AU - Thome, Kurtis AU - Barnes, Robert AU - Cao, Changyong Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Data processing KW - Climate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312885031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.atitle=Report+on+the+NIST+workshop+of+Dec.+10%2C+2009%3A+calibration+strategies+for+bridging+possible+climate+data+gaps&rft.au=Datla%2C+Raju%3BRice%2C+Joseph%3BCooksey%2C+Catherine%3BThome%2C+Kurtis%3BBarnes%2C+Robert%3BCao%2C+Changyong&rft.aulast=Datla&rft.aufirst=Raju&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=VI+Conference+on+Atmospheric+and+Environmental+Remote+Sensing+Data+Processing+and+Utilization%3A+Readiness+for+GEOSS+IV&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://spie.org/Documents/ConferencesExhibitions/OP10-Final-lr.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Low-Energy EELS of Au Nanoparticles T2 - 2010 Microscopy and Microanalysis Meeting (M&M 2010) AN - 1312884655; 6025051 JF - 2010 Microscopy and Microanalysis Meeting (M&M 2010) AU - Meier, Douglas Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - nanoparticles KW - Catadromous species UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312884655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Microscopy+and+Microanalysis+Meeting+%28M%26M+2010%29&rft.atitle=Low-Energy+EELS+of+Au+Nanoparticles&rft.au=Meier%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Microscopy+and+Microanalysis+Meeting+%28M%26M+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.microscopy.org/MandM/2010/posters.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low-cost, high-throughput, automated counting of bacterial colonies AN - 1017979450; 16714570 AB - Research involving bacterial pathogens often requires enumeration of bacteria colonies. Here, we present a low-cost, high-throughput colony counting system consisting of colony counting software and a consumer-grade digital camera or document scanner. We demonstrate that this software, called 'NICE' (NIST's Integrated Colony Enumerator), can count bacterial colonies as part of a high-throughput multiplexed opsonophagocytic killing assay used to characterize pneumococcal vaccine efficacy. The results obtained with NICE correlate well with the results obtained from manual counting, with a mean difference of less than 3%. NICE is also rapid; it can count colonies from multiple reaction wells within minutes and export the results to a spreadsheet for data processing. As this program is freely available from NIST, NICE should be helpful in bacteria colony enumeration required in many microbiological studies, and in standardizing colony counting methods. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Cytometry Part A AU - Clarke, Matthew L AU - Burton, Robert L AU - Hill, A Nayo AU - Litorja, Maritoni AU - Nahm, Moon H AU - Hwang, Jeeseong AD - Optical Technology Division, Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, jch@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 790 EP - 797 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 77A IS - 8 SN - 1552-4930, 1552-4930 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cameras KW - Colonies KW - Computer programs KW - Counting methods KW - Cytometry KW - Data processing KW - Enumeration KW - Pathogens KW - Vaccines KW - software KW - Bacteria KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017979450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.atitle=Low-cost%2C+high-throughput%2C+automated+counting+of+bacterial+colonies&rft.au=Clarke%2C+Matthew+L%3BBurton%2C+Robert+L%3BHill%2C+A+Nayo%3BLitorja%2C+Maritoni%3BNahm%2C+Moon+H%3BHwang%2C+Jeeseong&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=77A&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=790&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytometry+Part+A&rft.issn=15524930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcyto.a.20864 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.20864/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-01-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; software; Colonies; Data processing; Cameras; Counting methods; Vaccines; Pathogens; Enumeration; Cytometry; Bacteria; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.20864 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining thermal properties of gypsum board at elevated temperatures AN - 1017968808; 16698306 AB - The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Center for Better Living have formed a collaboration to assess the performance and failure mechanisms of gypsum wall assemblies under real fires/furnace conditions. These measurements are being used to compile an experimental database necessary to validate models that could be used to predict their performance and ultimate failure under various design fires. A critical component of the database is thermal property data of gypsum board. The present paper describes the results of an effort to quantify thermal properties of gypsum board. The thermal conductivity specific heat mass loss and linear contraction for gypsum board types widely used in the U.S.A. and Japan were measured both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. The gypsum board types tested include Type X and Type C from the U.S.A. and Type R and Type F from Japan. Results indicate that the difference in thermal properties of all gypsum board samples tested in the present study is not significant particularly at elevated temperatures. A large difference in linear contraction among gypsum board samples was observed at elevated temperatures, implying a significant difference in mechanical behavior at fire temperatures. The experimental data set provides valuable information that can be used to model the behavior of gypsum board at elevated temperatures. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Park, Seul-Hyun AU - Manzello, Samuel L AU - Bentz, Dale P AU - Mizukami, Tensei AD - Fire Research Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899 U.S.A., samuel.manzello@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 237 EP - 250 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 1099-1018, 1099-1018 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Furnaces KW - thermal conductivity KW - specific heat KW - Temperature KW - Japan KW - Technology KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017968808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Determining+thermal+properties+of+gypsum+board+at+elevated+temperatures&rft.au=Park%2C+Seul-Hyun%3BManzello%2C+Samuel+L%3BBentz%2C+Dale+P%3BMizukami%2C+Tensei&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Seul-Hyun&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=10991018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.1017 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fam.1017/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Furnaces; thermal conductivity; specific heat; Temperature; Technology; Japan DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.1017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid dispersal of a hydrothermal plume by turbulent mixing AN - 1015460355; 2012-048659 AB - The water column imprint of the hydrothermal plume observed at the Nibelungen field (8 degrees 18 (super ') S 13 degrees 30 (super ') W) is highly variable in space and time. The off-axis location of the site, along the southern boundary of a non-transform ridge offset at the joint between two segments of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is characterized by complex, rugged topography, and thus favorable for the generation of internal tides, subsequent internal wave breaking, and associated vertical mixing in the water column. We have used towed transects and vertical profiles of stratification, turbidity, and direct current measurements to investigate the strength of turbulent mixing in the vicinity of the vent site and the adjacent rift valley, and its temporal and spatial variability in relation to the plume dispersal. Turbulent diffusivities K (sub rho ) were calculated from temperature inversions via Thorpe scales. Heightened mixing (compared to open ocean values) was observed in the whole rift valley within an order of K (sub rho ) around 10 (super -3) m (super 2) s (super -1) . The mixing close to the vent site was even more elevated, with an average of K (sub rho ) =4X10 (super -2) m (super 2) s (super -1) . The mixing, as well as the flow field, exhibited a strong tidal cycle, with strong currents and mixing at the non-buoyant plume level during ebb flow. Periods of strong mixing were associated with increased internal wave activity and frequent occurrence of turbulent overturns. Additional effects of mixing on plume dispersal include bifurcation of the particle plume, likely as a result of the interplay between the modulated mixing strength and current speed, as well as high frequency internal waves in the effluent plume layer, possibly triggered by the buoyant plume via nonlinear interaction with the elevated background turbulence or penetrative convection. JF - Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers AU - Walter, Maren AU - Mertens, Christian AU - Stober, Uwe AU - German, Christopher R AU - Yoerger, Dana R AU - Sueltenfusz, Juergen AU - Rhein, Monika AU - Melchert, Bernd AU - Baker, Edward T Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 SP - 931 EP - 945 PB - Elsevier, Oxford VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0967-0637, 0967-0637 KW - plumes KW - sea water KW - density KW - hydrothermal vents KW - aqueous solutions KW - turbulence KW - salinity KW - temperature KW - Mid-Atlantic Ridge KW - marine sediments KW - mixing KW - sediments KW - diffusivity KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - rates KW - ocean currents KW - tidal currents KW - stratification KW - South Atlantic KW - Nibelungen hydrothermal field KW - bathymetry KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - internal waves KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1015460355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deep-Sea+Research.+Part+I%3A+Oceanographic+Research+Papers&rft.atitle=Rapid+dispersal+of+a+hydrothermal+plume+by+turbulent+mixing&rft.au=Walter%2C+Maren%3BMertens%2C+Christian%3BStober%2C+Uwe%3BGerman%2C+Christopher+R%3BYoerger%2C+Dana+R%3BSueltenfusz%2C+Juergen%3BRhein%2C+Monika%3BMelchert%2C+Bernd%3BBaker%2C+Edward+T&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=Maren&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Deep-Sea+Research.+Part+I%3A+Oceanographic+Research+Papers&rft.issn=09670637&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.dsr.2010.04.010 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09670637 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DRPPD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; currents; density; diffusivity; hydrothermal vents; internal waves; marine sediments; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; mixing; Nibelungen hydrothermal field; ocean circulation; ocean currents; plumes; rates; salinity; sea water; sediments; South Atlantic; stratification; temperature; tidal currents; turbulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.010 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 24 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873133043; 14549-6_0024 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 24 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 23 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873133039; 14549-6_0023 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 23 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 22 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873133031; 14549-6_0022 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 22 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 21 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873133018; 14549-6_0021 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 21 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 20 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873133011; 14549-6_0020 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 20 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 16 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873133007; 14549-6_0016 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 16 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 6 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873133000; 14549-6_0006 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873133000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 5 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132995; 14549-6_0005 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 12 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132892; 14549-6_0012 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 12 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 11 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132886; 14549-6_0011 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 11 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 9 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132878; 14549-6_0009 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 9 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 1 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132869; 14549-6_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 15 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132188; 14549-6_0015 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 15 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 14 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132184; 14549-6_0014 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 14 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 13 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132182; 14549-6_0013 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 13 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 10 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873132180; 14549-6_0010 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 10 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873132180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 17 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873131394; 14549-6_0017 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 17 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 8 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873131275; 14549-6_0008 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 7 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873131261; 14549-6_0007 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873131261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 19 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873130707; 14549-6_0019 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 19 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 18 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873130686; 14549-6_0018 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 18 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873130686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 2 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873128055; 14549-6_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 4 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873127840; 14549-6_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. [Part 3 of 24] T2 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 873127834; 14549-6_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND THE FUNDING OF MITCHELL ACT HATCHERY PROGRAMS, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND IDAHO. AN - 755142729; 14549 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) policy direction to guide distribution of Mitchell Act funds and inform future review of individual Columbia River basin fish hatchery programs under the Endangered Species Act is proposed. Congress enacted the Mitchell Act in 1938 for the conservation of anadromous fishery resources in the Columbia River basin and has continued to appropriate Mitchell Act funds on an annual basis since 1946. These funds have been used to support research, improve fish passage, install screens on water diversions, and build and operate more than 20 salmon and steelhead hatchery facilities. For each of the past 10 years, hatchery operation funding has been between $11 million and $16 million. Historically, hatchery production levels have been as high as 128.6 million juvenile fish annually, but these levels have been substantially reduced as inflation, maintenance, and other costs have eroded the amount of funding available for fish production. At the same time, NMFS listed eight evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of salmon and five distinct population segments (DPSs) of steelhead in the Columbia River basin under the ESA and cited the adverse effects of hatchery operations as one of the factors for the decline of most of the listed ESUs/DSPs. Policy alternatives are designed to reduce or minimize adverse effects of hatchery operations on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations, while hatchery operators continue to pursue not only the conservation or harvest goals that currently apply to each hatchery program, but also different or additional conservation and harvest goals as identified within the alternatives. It is anticipated that the alternative selected after completion of this EIS process would be applicable for 10 years. Five alternatives are analyzed in this draft EIS. The No Action Alternative (Alternative A) would perpetuate current conditions. Alternative 2 would eliminate Mitchell Act funding and Mitchell Act-funded hatchery programs would be closed. Non-Mitchell programs would be steered toward intermediate performance goals regarding hatchery influence on the spawning grounds and the influence of wild fish in hatcheries. Under Alternative 3, the intermediate performance goal would be applied to all Columbia River basin hatchery programs and overall production levels would be reduced and conservation hatchery programs would be operated at a level determined by conservation need, with hatchery-origin production diminishing as natural-origin production increases. Alternatives 4 and 5 would aim for stronger performance goals for hatcheries in the Interior Columbia River recovery domain above Bonneville Dam and the Willamette/Lower Columbia River recovery domain below Bonneville Dam, respectively. Both envision new conservation and harvest hatchery initiatives and would implement a further winnowing of hatchery strays from the spawning grounds and strengthening of wild, native influence in hatcheries. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation would provide a comprehensive foundation for NOAA Fisheries decision-making under the Endangered Species and Mitchell acts. Stronger performance goals would reduce negative impacts of hatchery programs on natural-origin salmon and steelhead populations. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Natural-origin salmon and steelhead would continue to be at risk from hatchery facility failure and from water intake and effluent discharge effects. Under the action alternatives, commercial, recreational, and tribal fishing harvest would decline; tribal revenues would decline under all but one of the action alternatives. LEGAL MANDATES: Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and Mitchell Act of 1938 (16 U.S.C. 755-757). JF - EPA number: 100296, Draft EIS--638 pages, Appendices--CD-ROM, July 30, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Conservation KW - Creeks KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Environmental Justice KW - Fish KW - Fish Hatcheries KW - Recreation Resources KW - Rivers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Subsistence KW - Water Quality KW - Columbia River KW - Idaho KW - Oregon KW - Snake River KW - Washington KW - Endangered Species Act of 1973, Animals KW - Mitchell Act of 1938, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755142729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=COLUMBIA+RIVER+BASIN+HATCHERY+OPERATIONS+AND+THE+FUNDING+OF+MITCHELL+ACT+HATCHERY+PROGRAMS%2C+OREGON%2C+WASHINGTON%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington; DC N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 30, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Noaa Enterprise Archive Access Tool (Neaat): Accelerated Application Development (Xad) T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1313007179; 6019737 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Rank, Robert Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Archives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313007179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Noaa+Enterprise+Archive+Access+Tool+%28Neaat%29%3A+Accelerated+Application+Development+%28Xad%29&rft.au=Rank%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Rank&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Merging Thermal and Microwave Satellite Observations for a High-Resolution Soil Moisture Data Product T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312997311; 6020569 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Zhan, Xiwu AU - Anderson, Martha AU - Liu, Jicheng Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Soil moisture KW - Data processing KW - Microwave radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312997311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Merging+Thermal+and+Microwave+Satellite+Observations+for+a+High-Resolution+Soil+Moisture+Data+Product&rft.au=Zhan%2C+Xiwu%3BAnderson%2C+Martha%3BLiu%2C+Jicheng&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=Xiwu&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance Assessment of the Npoess Preparatory Project Cross-Track Infrared and Microwave Sounder Suite (Crimss) Environmental Data Records (Edrs) T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312995943; 6020117 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Zhou, Lihang Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - performance assessment KW - Data processing KW - Performance assessment KW - Microwave radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312995943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Performance+Assessment+of+the+Npoess+Preparatory+Project+Cross-Track+Infrared+and+Microwave+Sounder+Suite+%28Crimss%29+Environmental+Data+Records+%28Edrs%29&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Lihang&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Lihang&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tsunami Forecasting: A Framework for Advances in Tsunami Research T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312995178; 6019819 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Bernard, Eddie Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - tsunamis KW - Tsunamis KW - Prediction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312995178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Tsunami+Forecasting%3A+A+Framework+for+Advances+in+Tsunami+Research&rft.au=Bernard%2C+Eddie&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Eddie&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status of Pre-Launch Activities for the Npoess Community Collaborative Calibration/Validation Program for the Npoess Preparatory Project T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312992736; 6018880 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Kilcoyne, Heather Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Geosciences KW - Signal processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312992736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Status+of+Pre-Launch+Activities+for+the+Npoess+Community+Collaborative+Calibration%2FValidation+Program+for+the+Npoess+Preparatory+Project&rft.au=Kilcoyne%2C+Heather&rft.aulast=Kilcoyne&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Goes-R Series: The Next Generation of Goes T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312992687; 6018879 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Mandt, Gregory Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Geosciences KW - Signal processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312992687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Goes-R+Series%3A+The+Next+Generation+of+Goes&rft.au=Mandt%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Mandt&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sensing Habitat Use by Ice-Associated Seals; From Dog Noses to Satellite Observations T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312983494; 6020267 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Kelly, Brendan AU - Boveng, Peter AU - Cameron, Michael Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - seals KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Habitat utilization KW - Habitat selection KW - Nose KW - Marine mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312983494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Sensing+Habitat+Use+by+Ice-Associated+Seals%3B+From+Dog+Noses+to+Satellite+Observations&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Brendan%3BBoveng%2C+Peter%3BCameron%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Inter-Satellite Calibration of Microwave Sounders for Climate Trend Monitoring T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312983245; 6020262 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Zou, Cheng-Zhi Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Climate KW - Microwave radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312983245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Inter-Satellite+Calibration+of+Microwave+Sounders+for+Climate+Trend+Monitoring&rft.au=Zou%2C+Cheng-Zhi&rft.aulast=Zou&rft.aufirst=Cheng-Zhi&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oil Spill Detection and Tracking Using Sar Imagery in the Gulf of Mexico T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312977538; 6019903 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Pichel, William Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - Oil spills KW - Tracking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312977538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Oil+Spill+Detection+and+Tracking+Using+Sar+Imagery+in+the+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Pichel%2C+William&rft.aulast=Pichel&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System (Gsics) Sensor Intercomparisons and Corrections T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312975647; 6019487 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Goldberg, Mitchell AU - Wu, Xiangqian Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Sensors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312975647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Global+Space-Based+Inter-Calibration+System+%28Gsics%29+Sensor+Intercomparisons+and+Corrections&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Mitchell%3BWu%2C+Xiangqian&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using Hyperspectral Infrared Radiance Global Data Sets to Validate Climate Analyses T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312975350; 6019481 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Goldberg, Mitchell AU - Zhou, Lihang AU - Liu, Xingpin AU - Wang, Likun Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Data processing KW - Climate KW - Radiance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312975350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Using+Hyperspectral+Infrared+Radiance+Global+Data+Sets+to+Validate+Climate+Analyses&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Mitchell%3BZhou%2C+Lihang%3BLiu%2C+Xingpin%3BWang%2C+Likun&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Global Biomass Burning Emissions Product from a Constellation of Geostationary Satellites T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312974890; 6018932 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Kondragunta, Shobha AU - Zhang, Xiaoyang AU - Schmidt, Christopher AU - Pierce, Brad Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Combustion products KW - Remote sensing KW - burning KW - Satellites KW - Biomass KW - Emissions KW - Burning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312974890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Global+Biomass+Burning+Emissions+Product+from+a+Constellation+of+Geostationary+Satellites&rft.au=Kondragunta%2C+Shobha%3BZhang%2C+Xiaoyang%3BSchmidt%2C+Christopher%3BPierce%2C+Brad&rft.aulast=Kondragunta&rft.aufirst=Shobha&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Numerical Simulation of Wave Breaking T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312974245; 6020457 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Irisov, Vladimir AU - Voronovich, Alexander Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Simulation KW - Mathematical models KW - Waves KW - Wave breaking UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312974245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Numerical+Simulation+of+Wave+Breaking&rft.au=Irisov%2C+Vladimir%3BVoronovich%2C+Alexander&rft.aulast=Irisov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Review of Observing System Simulation Experiments to Evaluate the Potential Impact of Lidar Winds on Weather Prediction T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312973980; 6019842 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Atlas, Robert Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Reviews KW - Simulation KW - Lidar KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312973980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Review+of+Observing+System+Simulation+Experiments+to+Evaluate+the+Potential+Impact+of+Lidar+Winds+on+Weather+Prediction&rft.au=Atlas%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Atlas&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Combining Measurements and Models for Real-Time Tsunami Forecast T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312971819; 6019820 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Wei, Yong AU - Titov, Vasily Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - tsunamis KW - Models KW - Tsunamis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312971819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Combining+Measurements+and+Models+for+Real-Time+Tsunami+Forecast&rft.au=Wei%2C+Yong%3BTitov%2C+Vasily&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Noaa'S Global High Resolution Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Blended Analysis T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312968466; 6019306 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Maturi, Eileen AU - Sapper, John AU - Pichel, William Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Temperature effects KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312968466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Noaa%27S+Global+High+Resolution+Satellite+Sea+Surface+Temperature+Blended+Analysis&rft.au=Maturi%2C+Eileen%3BSapper%2C+John%3BPichel%2C+William&rft.aulast=Maturi&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nonlinear Modal Analysis and Superposition T2 - 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering (9USN/10CCEE) AN - 1312963036; 6018273 JF - 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering (9USN/10CCEE) AU - Wong, Kevin AU - Harris, John Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Geosciences KW - Environmental engineering KW - Civil engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312963036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.atitle=Nonlinear+Modal+Analysis+and+Superposition&rft.au=Wong%2C+Kevin%3BHarris%2C+John&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://2010eqconf.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/All-concurrent.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of the Dual Frequency Scatterometer on Noaa Operations T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312945224; 6019553 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Jelenak, Zorana AU - Chang, Paul Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Scatterometers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312945224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Impact+of+the+Dual+Frequency+Scatterometer+on+Noaa+Operations&rft.au=Jelenak%2C+Zorana%3BChang%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Jelenak&rft.aufirst=Zorana&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Gcom Data Utilization at Noaa T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312945114; 6019550 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Chang, Paul AU - Jelenak, Zorana AU - Wilczynski, Peter Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Data processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312945114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Gcom+Data+Utilization+at+Noaa&rft.au=Chang%2C+Paul%3BJelenak%2C+Zorana%3BWilczynski%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Global Change Observation Mission (Gcom) Data Recovery by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa) - an International Partnership to Capture Critical Operational and Climate Environmental Data Records from Space T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312942019; 6019051 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Wilczynski, Peter Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Data processing KW - Climatic changes KW - Ocean-atmosphere system UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312942019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Global+Change+Observation+Mission+%28Gcom%29+Data+Recovery+by+the+National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration+%28Noaa%29+-+an+International+Partnership+to+Capture+Critical+Operational+and+Climate+Environmental+Data+Records+from+Space&rft.au=Wilczynski%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Wilczynski&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vicarious Calibration of Goes Visible Channel T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312939865; 6019492 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Wu, Xiangqian AU - Yu, Fangfang AU - Weinreb, Michael AU - Dean, Charlie AU - Chang, I-Lok AU - Stone, Thomas AU - Chung, Sung-Rae AU - Rancic, Gordana Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Channels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312939865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Vicarious+Calibration+of+Goes+Visible+Channel&rft.au=Wu%2C+Xiangqian%3BYu%2C+Fangfang%3BWeinreb%2C+Michael%3BDean%2C+Charlie%3BChang%2C+I-Lok%3BStone%2C+Thomas%3BChung%2C+Sung-Rae%3BRancic%2C+Gordana&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Xiangqian&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reflectivity Studies of Passive Microwave Calibration Targets and Absorptive Materials T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312937420; 6019065 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Gu, Dazhen AU - Cox, Amanda AU - Houtz, Derek AU - Walker, David AU - Randa, James AU - Billinger, Robert Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Reflectance KW - Microwave radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312937420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Reflectivity+Studies+of+Passive+Microwave+Calibration+Targets+and+Absorptive+Materials&rft.au=Gu%2C+Dazhen%3BCox%2C+Amanda%3BHoutz%2C+Derek%3BWalker%2C+David%3BRanda%2C+James%3BBillinger%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Dazhen&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Offshore Tsunameter Data Analysis & Applications: Detiding, Quality Control & Model Validation T2 - 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering (9USN/10CCEE) AN - 1312934672; 6018087 JF - 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering (9USN/10CCEE) AU - Donoho, Natalia AU - Gill, Stephen AU - Glebushko, Katerina Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Quality control KW - Data processing KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312934672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.atitle=Offshore+Tsunameter+Data+Analysis+%26amp%3B+Applications%3A+Detiding%2C+Quality+Control+%26amp%3B+Model+Validation&rft.au=Donoho%2C+Natalia%3BGill%2C+Stephen%3BGlebushko%2C+Katerina&rft.aulast=Donoho&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=9th+U.S.+National+and+10th+Canadian+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering+%289USN%2F10CCEE%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://2010eqconf.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Tsunami_Program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Does Efficient Irrigation Technology Lead to Reduced Groundwater Extraction? Empirical Evidence T2 - Joint Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society and Western Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA-CAES-WAEA 2010) AN - 1312931917; 6017625 JF - Joint Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society and Western Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA-CAES-WAEA 2010) AU - Pfeiffer, Lisa AU - Lin, C.-Y. Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Irrigation KW - Ground water KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312931917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Agricultural+and+Applied+Economics+Association%2C+Canadian+Agricultural+Economics+Society+and+Western+Agricultural+Economics+Association+%28AAEA-CAES-WAEA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Does+Efficient+Irrigation+Technology+Lead+to+Reduced+Groundwater+Extraction%3F+Empirical+Evidence&rft.au=Pfeiffer%2C+Lisa%3BLin%2C+C.-Y.&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Agricultural+and+Applied+Economics+Association%2C+Canadian+Agricultural+Economics+Society+and+Western+Agricultural+Economics+Association+%28AAEA-CAES-WAEA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aaea.org/2010am/Concurrent_Sessions.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of Remotely Sensed Wind Measurements to Ocean Surface Wind Analysis T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312931109; 6020204 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Atlas, Robert Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Oceans KW - Wind measurement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312931109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Application+of+Remotely+Sensed+Wind+Measurements+to+Ocean+Surface+Wind+Analysis&rft.au=Atlas%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Atlas&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of a Hydrometeor Background Covariance Matrix Stratified by Precipitation Type on a 1d-Var Physical-Based Retrieval System T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312930965; 6020201 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Precipitation KW - Hydrometeors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312930965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Impact+of+a+Hydrometeor+Background+Covariance+Matrix+Stratified+by+Precipitation+Type+on+a+1d-Var+Physical-Based+Retrieval+System&rft.au=Iturbide-Sanchez%2C+Flavio&rft.aulast=Iturbide-Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Flavio&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Class Plans Providing Archive, Access, and Distribution Services for Goes-R Data T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312930363; 6019788 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Rank, Robert Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Data processing KW - Archives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312930363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Class+Plans+Providing+Archive%2C+Access%2C+and+Distribution+Services+for+Goes-R+Data&rft.au=Rank%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Rank&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of Global Land Surface Emissivity Product at AMSR-E Passive Microwave Frequencies T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312924466; 6018957 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Norouzi, Hamidreza AU - Temimi, Marouane AU - Khanbilvardi, Reza Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - emissivity KW - Emissivity KW - Microwave radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312924466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Development+of+Global+Land+Surface+Emissivity+Product+at+AMSR-E+Passive+Microwave+Frequencies&rft.au=Norouzi%2C+Hamidreza%3BTemimi%2C+Marouane%3BKhanbilvardi%2C+Reza&rft.aulast=Norouzi&rft.aufirst=Hamidreza&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ocean Wind Measurements with Gps Multistatic Radar from High-Altitude Aircraft T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312921059; 6020442 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Zavorotny, Valery AU - Akos, Dennis AU - Walsh, Edward Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Aircraft KW - Radar KW - Oceans KW - Wind measurement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312921059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Ocean+Wind+Measurements+with+Gps+Multistatic+Radar+from+High-Altitude+Aircraft&rft.au=Zavorotny%2C+Valery%3BAkos%2C+Dennis%3BWalsh%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Zavorotny&rft.aufirst=Valery&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimal Multi-species Harvesting in the Presence of a Nuisance Species T2 - Joint Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society and Western Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA-CAES-WAEA 2010) AN - 1312920112; 6017456 JF - Joint Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society and Western Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA-CAES-WAEA 2010) AU - Kasperski, Stephen Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - harvesting KW - Harvesting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312920112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Agricultural+and+Applied+Economics+Association%2C+Canadian+Agricultural+Economics+Society+and+Western+Agricultural+Economics+Association+%28AAEA-CAES-WAEA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Optimal+Multi-species+Harvesting+in+the+Presence+of+a+Nuisance+Species&rft.au=Kasperski%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Kasperski&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Agricultural+and+Applied+Economics+Association%2C+Canadian+Agricultural+Economics+Society+and+Western+Agricultural+Economics+Association+%28AAEA-CAES-WAEA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aaea.org/2010am/Concurrent_Sessions.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Fleet Behavior in the Bering Sea Pollock Fishery T2 - Joint Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society and Western Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA-CAES-WAEA 2010) AN - 1312920031; 6017454 JF - Joint Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society and Western Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA-CAES-WAEA 2010) AU - Pfeiffer, Lisa AU - Haynie, Alan Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Bering Sea KW - Fisheries KW - Climatic changes KW - Marine fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312920031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Agricultural+and+Applied+Economics+Association%2C+Canadian+Agricultural+Economics+Society+and+Western+Agricultural+Economics+Association+%28AAEA-CAES-WAEA+2010%29&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+Impacts+of+Climate+Change+on+Fleet+Behavior+in+the+Bering+Sea+Pollock+Fishery&rft.au=Pfeiffer%2C+Lisa%3BHaynie%2C+Alan&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Agricultural+and+Applied+Economics+Association%2C+Canadian+Agricultural+Economics+Society+and+Western+Agricultural+Economics+Association+%28AAEA-CAES-WAEA+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aaea.org/2010am/Concurrent_Sessions.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling of Microwave Backscattering from a Rough Sea Surface with Steep Waves T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312919643; 6019975 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Voronovich, Alexander AU - Zavorotny, Valery Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Waves KW - Microwave radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312919643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+Microwave+Backscattering+from+a+Rough+Sea+Surface+with+Steep+Waves&rft.au=Voronovich%2C+Alexander%3BZavorotny%2C+Valery&rft.aulast=Voronovich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Global Comparison of Sea Surface Currents Derived from Drifter and Altimetry Observations T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312918564; 6019778 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Lumpkin, Rick Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - altimetry KW - Currents KW - Altimetry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312918564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Global+Comparison+of+Sea+Surface+Currents+Derived+from+Drifter+and+Altimetry+Observations&rft.au=Lumpkin%2C+Rick&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of Ascat High Wind Retrievals within Extratropical Cyclones at Noaa Ocean Prediction Center T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312917001; 6019370 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Ahmad, Khalil AU - Jelenak, Zorana AU - Sienkiewicz, Joseph AU - Chang, Paul Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - cyclones KW - Oceans KW - Cyclones KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312917001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Ascat+High+Wind+Retrievals+within+Extratropical+Cyclones+at+Noaa+Ocean+Prediction+Center&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Khalil%3BJelenak%2C+Zorana%3BSienkiewicz%2C+Joseph%3BChang%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Khalil&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Revised Geophysical Model Function for the Advanced Scatterometer (Ascat) at Noaa/Nesdis T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312916979; 6019369 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Soisuvarn, Seubson AU - Jelenak, Zorana AU - Chang, Paul AU - Zhu, Qi Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Geophysics KW - Models KW - Scatterometers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312916979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=A+Revised+Geophysical+Model+Function+for+the+Advanced+Scatterometer+%28Ascat%29+at+Noaa%2FNesdis&rft.au=Soisuvarn%2C+Seubson%3BJelenak%2C+Zorana%3BChang%2C+Paul%3BZhu%2C+Qi&rft.aulast=Soisuvarn&rft.aufirst=Seubson&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparing the Forecast Impacts from Assimilating Ssmis and Amsu Data in Ncep Global Forecast System (Gfs) T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312914829; 6018970 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Weng, Fuzhong AU - Yan, Banghua Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Data processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312914829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+Forecast+Impacts+from+Assimilating+Ssmis+and+Amsu+Data+in+Ncep+Global+Forecast+System+%28Gfs%29&rft.au=Weng%2C+Fuzhong%3BYan%2C+Banghua&rft.aulast=Weng&rft.aufirst=Fuzhong&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Automated Monitoring of Volcanic Ash Micro- and Macro-Physical Properties: A Comparison of Current and Future Satellite Instrument Capabilities T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312914210; 6018931 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Pavolonis, Michael Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Monitoring instruments KW - Volcanic ash KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Automation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312914210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Automated+Monitoring+of+Volcanic+Ash+Micro-+and+Macro-Physical+Properties%3A+A+Comparison+of+Current+and+Future+Satellite+Instrument+Capabilities&rft.au=Pavolonis%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Pavolonis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of CRIS/ATMS Proxy Radiances/Retrievals with Iasi Retrievals, ECMWF Analysis and RAOB Measurements T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312914163; 6018930 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Divakarla, Murty Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Geosciences KW - Signal processing KW - Iasis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312914163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+CRIS%2FATMS+Proxy+Radiances%2FRetrievals+with+Iasi+Retrievals%2C+ECMWF+Analysis+and+RAOB+Measurements&rft.au=Divakarla%2C+Murty&rft.aulast=Divakarla&rft.aufirst=Murty&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Validation for Goes-R and NPOESS Land Surface Temperature Products: Analyzing Difference between Satellite and in Situ Measurements T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312914132; 6018929 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Yu, Yunyue AU - Chen, Ming AU - Tarpley, Dan AU - Privette, Jeffrey Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Temperature effects KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - in situ measurement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312914132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Validation+for+Goes-R+and+NPOESS+Land+Surface+Temperature+Products%3A+Analyzing+Difference+between+Satellite+and+in+Situ+Measurements&rft.au=Yu%2C+Yunyue%3BChen%2C+Ming%3BTarpley%2C+Dan%3BPrivette%2C+Jeffrey&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Yunyue&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The value of maritime heritage to Arctic conservation T2 - Coastal Zone Canada Conference 2010 and Youth Forum (CZC 2010) AN - 1312903208; 6015037 JF - Coastal Zone Canada Conference 2010 and Youth Forum (CZC 2010) AU - Barr, Brad Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Arctic KW - Conservation KW - Polar environments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312903208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Coastal+Zone+Canada+Conference+2010+and+Youth+Forum+%28CZC+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+value+of+maritime+heritage+to+Arctic+conservation&rft.au=Barr%2C+Brad&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coastal+Zone+Canada+Conference+2010+and+Youth+Forum+%28CZC+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/FARD_czcprogram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Use of Noaa Products Validation System in Support of Satellite Derived Product Systems T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312893386; 6019969 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Reale, Anthony Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312893386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Noaa+Products+Validation+System+in+Support+of+Satellite+Derived+Product+Systems&rft.au=Reale%2C+Anthony&rft.aulast=Reale&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Retrieving Snowfall Rate Using Satellite Passive Microwave Data T2 - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AN - 1312891978; 6019745 JF - 30th Annual for IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2010) AU - Meng, Huan AU - Yan, Banghua AU - Ferraro, Ralph AU - Price, David Y1 - 2010/07/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 25 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Data processing KW - Microwave radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312891978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Retrieving+Snowfall+Rate+Using+Satellite+Passive+Microwave+Data&rft.au=Meng%2C+Huan%3BYan%2C+Banghua%3BFerraro%2C+Ralph%3BPrice%2C+David&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=Huan&rft.date=2010-07-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+for+IEEE+International+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium+%28IGARSS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.igarss10.org/IGARSS2010_ProgramGuide.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER -