TY - JOUR T1 - An examination of the new Miller Range nakhlites (MIL 090030, 090032, and 090136) AN - 959098178; 2012-034921 JF - Abstracts of Papers Submitted to the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference AU - Corrigan, C M AU - Vicenzi, E P AU - Konicek, A R AU - Lunning, N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Abstract 2657 PB - Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX VL - 42 KW - silicates KW - nakhlite KW - stony meteorites KW - Martian meteorites KW - microstructure KW - olivine group KW - SNC Meteorites KW - meteorites KW - MIL 090136 KW - pyroxene group KW - mineral composition KW - cumulates KW - crystal zoning KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - MIL 03346 KW - chain silicates KW - Miller Range Meteorites KW - MIL 090030 KW - mesostasis KW - meteorite pairing KW - MIL 090032 KW - achondrites KW - nesosilicates KW - Antarctica KW - 05B:Petrology of meteorites and tektites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959098178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+Submitted+to+the+Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=An+examination+of+the+new+Miller+Range+nakhlites+%28MIL+090030%2C+090032%2C+and+090136%29&rft.au=Corrigan%2C+C+M%3BVicenzi%2C+E+P%3BKonicek%2C+A+R%3BLunning%2C+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Corrigan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+Submitted+to+the+Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2657.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Forty-second lunar and planetary science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on Nov. 29, 2011 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - #02179 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - achondrites; Antarctica; chain silicates; crystal zoning; cumulates; Martian meteorites; mesostasis; meteorite pairing; meteorites; microstructure; MIL 03346; MIL 090030; MIL 090032; MIL 090136; Miller Range Meteorites; mineral composition; nakhlite; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; orthosilicates; pyroxene group; silicates; SNC Meteorites; stony meteorites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local and omnibus goodness-of-fit tests in classical measurement error models AN - 940979357; 4280534 JF - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society AU - Carroll, Raymond J AU - Ma, Yanyuan AU - Hart, Jeffrey D AU - Janicki, Ryan AD - Texas A&M University ; US Census Bureau Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 81 EP - 98 VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 1369-7412, 1369-7412 KW - Economics KW - Measurement KW - Distribution KW - Computational methods KW - Maximum likelihood method KW - Error KW - Methodology KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/940979357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.atitle=Local+and+omnibus+goodness-of-fit+tests+in+classical+measurement+error+models&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Raymond+J%3BMa%2C+Yanyuan%3BHart%2C+Jeffrey+D%3BJanicki%2C+Ryan&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.issn=13697412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9868.2010.00751.x LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 8163; 2671 10919; 4387; 7854; 7837 8160 8163 12230; 7994; 3641 12233 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00751.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time estimation of pH and aragonite saturation state from Argo profiling floats; prospects for an autonomous carbon observing strategy AN - 921717356; 2012-023903 AB - We demonstrate the ability to obtain accurate estimates of pH and carbonate mineral saturation state (Omega ) from an Argo profiling float in the NE subarctic Pacific. Using hydrographic surveys of the NE Pacific region, we develop empirical algorithms to predict pH and Omega using observations of temperature (T) and dissolved O (sub 2) . We attain R (super 2) values greater than 0.98 and RMS errors of 0.018 (pH), 0.052 (Omega (sub arag) ), and 0.087 (Omega (sub calc) ) for data between 30-500 m, sigma (sub theta ) <27.1. After calibrating optode-based O (sub 2) data, we apply the algorithms to T and O (sub 2) data from an Argo profiling float to produce a 14 month time-series of estimated pH and Omega (sub arag) in the upper water column of the NE subarctic Pacific. Comparison to independent data collected nearby in 2010 indicates pH and Omega (sub arag) estimates are robust. Although the method will not allow detection of anthropogenic trends in pH or Omega (sub arag) , this approach will provide insight into natural variability and the key biogeochemical controls on these parameters. Most importantly, this work demonstrates that an assemblage of well-calibrated regional algorithms and Argo float data can be used as a low-cost, readily-deployable component of a global ocean carbon observing strategy. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Juranek, L W AU - Feely, R A AU - Gilbert, D AU - Freeland, H AU - Miller, L A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L17603 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 17 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - East Pacific KW - sea water KW - oxygen KW - Northeast Pacific KW - aragonite KW - subarctic regions KW - temperature KW - saturation KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - dissolved oxygen KW - dissolved materials KW - Pacific Ocean KW - acidification KW - algorithms KW - carbonates KW - pH KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921717356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Real-time+estimation+of+pH+and+aragonite+saturation+state+from+Argo+profiling+floats%3B+prospects+for+an+autonomous+carbon+observing+strategy&rft.au=Juranek%2C+L+W%3BFeely%2C+R+A%3BGilbert%2C+D%3BFreeland%2C+H%3BMiller%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Juranek&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011GL048580 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; algorithms; aragonite; carbonates; dissolved materials; dissolved oxygen; East Pacific; hydrographs; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; oxygen; Pacific Ocean; pH; saturation; sea water; subarctic regions; temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048580 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major Mesoamerican droughts of the past millennium AN - 921717317; 2012-023269 AB - Ancient Montezuma baldcypress (Taxodium mucronatum) trees found in Barranca de Amealco, Queretaro, have been used to develop a 1,238-year tree-ring chronology that is correlated with precipitation, temperature, drought indices, and crop yields in central Mexico. This chronology has been used to reconstruct the spring-early summer soil moisture balance over the heartland of the Mesoamerican cultural province, and is the first exactly dated, annually resolved paleoclimatic record for Mesoamerica spanning the Late Classic, Post Classic, Colonial, and modern eras. The reconstruction indicates that the Terminal Classic drought extended into central Mexico, supporting other sedimentary and speleothem evidence for this early 10th century drought in Mesoamerica. The reconstruction also documents severe and sustained drought during the decline of the Toltec state (1149-1167) and during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec state (1514-1539), providing a new precisely dated climate framework for Mesoamerican cultural change. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Stahle, D W AU - Diaz, J Villanueva AU - Burnette, D J AU - Paredes, J Cerano AU - Heim, R R, Jr AU - Fye, F K AU - Acuna Soto, R AU - Therrell, M D AU - Cleaveland, M K AU - Stahle, D K Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L05703 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - United States KW - Plantae KW - Quaternary KW - vegetation KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - climate change KW - paleoecology KW - drought KW - Cenozoic KW - Mexico KW - tree rings KW - reconstruction KW - upper Holocene KW - Taxodium mucronatum KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921717317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Major+Mesoamerican+droughts+of+the+past+millennium&rft.au=Stahle%2C+D+W%3BDiaz%2C+J+Villanueva%3BBurnette%2C+D+J%3BParedes%2C+J+Cerano%3BHeim%2C+R+R%2C+Jr%3BFye%2C+F+K%3BAcuna+Soto%2C+R%3BTherrell%2C+M+D%3BCleaveland%2C+M+K%3BStahle%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Stahle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GL046472 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cenozoic; climate change; drought; Holocene; Mexico; paleoclimatology; paleoecology; Plantae; Quaternary; reconstruction; Taxodium mucronatum; tree rings; United States; upper Holocene; vegetation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046472 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Active hydrothermal discharge on the submarine Aeolian Arc AN - 921717237; 2012-023207 AB - In November 2007 we conducted a water column and seafloor mapping study of the submarine volcanoes of the Aeolian Arc in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea aboard the R/V Urania. On 26 conductivity-temperature-depth casts and tows we measured temperature, conductivity, pressure, and light scattering and also collected discrete samples for helium isotopes, methane, and pH. The (super 3) He/ (super 4) He isotope ratio, an unambiguous indicator of hydrothermal input, showed a clear excess above background at 6 of the 10 submarine volcanoes surveyed. Marsili seamount had the highest anomaly, where the (super 3) He/ (super 4) He ratio reached a delta (super 3) He value of 23% at 610 m depth compared with background values of approximately 5%. Smaller but distinct delta (super 3) He anomalies occurred over Palinuro, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and Secca del Capo. Although hydrothermal emissions are known to occur offshore of some Aeolian subaerial volcanoes, and hydrothermal deposits have been sampled throughout the arc, our results are the first to confirm active discharge on Marsili, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and Secca del Capo. Samples collected over Lametini, Filicudi North, Alicudi North, and Alcione had delta (super 3) He near the regional background values, suggesting either absence of, or very weak, hydrothermal activity on these seamounts. Hydrocasts between the volcanoes revealed a consistent delta (super 3) He maximum between 11% and 13% at 2000 m depth throughout the SE Tyrrhenian Sea. The volcanoes of the Aeolian arc and the Marsili back arc, all <1000 m deep, cannot contribute directly to this maximum. This deep (super 3) He excess may be a remnant of tritium decay or may have been produced by an unknown deep hydrothermal source. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Lupton, John AU - de Ronde, Cornel AU - Sprovieri, Mario AU - Baker, Edward T AU - Bruno, Pier Paolo G AU - Italiano, Franco AU - Walker, Sharon AU - Faure, Kevin AU - Leybourne, Matthew AU - Britten, Karen AU - Greene, Ronald Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation B02102 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - B2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - subduction zones KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Europe KW - Italy KW - temperature KW - Southern Europe KW - geothermal systems KW - conductivity KW - noble gases KW - Lipari Islands KW - bottom features KW - helium KW - ocean floors KW - discharge KW - pH KW - methane KW - geophysical methods KW - alkanes KW - hydrothermal conditions KW - seamounts KW - Tyrrhenian Sea KW - organic compounds KW - Sicily Italy KW - plate tectonics KW - marine environment KW - submarine volcanoes KW - submarine environment KW - hydrocarbons KW - volcanoes KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - bathymetry KW - West Mediterranean KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921717237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Active+hydrothermal+discharge+on+the+submarine+Aeolian+Arc&rft.au=Lupton%2C+John%3Bde+Ronde%2C+Cornel%3BSprovieri%2C+Mario%3BBaker%2C+Edward+T%3BBruno%2C+Pier+Paolo+G%3BItaliano%2C+Franco%3BWalker%2C+Sharon%3BFaure%2C+Kevin%3BLeybourne%2C+Matthew%3BBritten%2C+Karen%3BGreene%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=Lupton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Berichte+der+Deutschen+Mineralogischen+Gesellschaft&rft.issn=0935123X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map, sects. N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; bathymetry; bottom features; conductivity; discharge; Europe; geophysical methods; geothermal systems; helium; hydrocarbons; hydrothermal conditions; Italy; Lipari Islands; marine environment; Mediterranean Sea; methane; noble gases; ocean floors; organic compounds; pH; plate tectonics; seamounts; Sicily Italy; Southern Europe; subduction zones; submarine environment; submarine volcanoes; temperature; Tyrrhenian Sea; volcanoes; West Mediterranean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007738 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation AN - 921716668; 2012-023263 AB - The moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck offshore the Mentawai islands in western Indonesia on 25 October 2010 created a locally large tsunami that caused more than 400 human causalities. We identify this earthquake as a rare slow-source tsunami earthquake based on: 1) disproportionately large tsunami waves; 2) excessive rupture duration near 125 s; 3) predominantly shallow, near-trench slip determined through finite-fault modeling; and 4) deficiencies in energy-to-moment and energy-to-duration-cubed ratios, the latter in near-real time. We detail the real-time solutions that identified the slow-nature of this event, and evaluate how regional reductions in crustal rigidity along the shallow trench as determined by reduced rupture velocity contributed to increased slip, causing the 5-9 m local tsunami runup and observed transoceanic wave heights observed 1600 km to the southeast. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Newman, Andrew V AU - Hayes, Gavin AU - Wei, Yong AU - Convers, Jaime Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L05302 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - tsunamis KW - risk management KW - Far East KW - geologic hazards KW - Mentawai Islands KW - Indonesia KW - displacements KW - models KW - western Indonesia KW - mitigation KW - seismicity KW - earthquake prediction KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - tectonics KW - Mentawai earthquake 2010 KW - Asia KW - earthquakes KW - seismotectonics KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921716668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+25+October+2010+Mentawai+tsunami+earthquake%2C+from+real-time+discriminants%2C+finite-fault+rupture%2C+and+tsunami+excitation&rft.au=Newman%2C+Andrew+V%3BHayes%2C+Gavin%3BWei%2C+Yong%3BConvers%2C+Jaime&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GL046498 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; displacements; earthquake prediction; earthquakes; Far East; faults; geologic hazards; Indonesia; Mentawai earthquake 2010; Mentawai Islands; mitigation; models; natural hazards; risk assessment; risk management; seismicity; seismotectonics; tectonics; tsunamis; western Indonesia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046498 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deep-sea observations and modeling of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in Drake Passage AN - 921715350; 2012-023886 AB - The 2004 Sumatra tsunami was clearly recorded by two UK bottom pressure gauges, DPN and DPS, deployed in Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. These open-ocean records were examined to estimate characteristics of the tsunami waves and to compare the results of numerical simulations with the observations. Maximum wave heights measured at these gauges were 4.9 cm at DPN and 7.4 cm at DPS; the travel times from the source area were 19 h 46 min and 19 h 39 min respectively, consistent with the times obtained from the nearby coastal tide gauges. The numerical model described well the frequency content, amplitudes and general structure of the observed waves, with only small time shifts probably related to wave dispersion effects. The shifts were 15 min for DPN and 10 min for DPS, with the modeled waves leading the observations in each case. Further inspection of the simulated and observed records revealed that the identified tsunami waves are related to the second (main) train of waves propagating by the energy conserving route along the mid-ocean ridges, while the first train of waves travelling by the fastest route across the ocean remained unrecognizable in the observed DPS and DPN records and undetectable in the records of coastal tide gauges because of their insignificant amplitudes compared to the background variability. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Rabinovich, Alexander B AU - Woodworth, Philip L AU - Titov, Vasily V Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation L16604 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 38 IS - 16 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - tsunamis KW - Drake Passage KW - numerical models KW - geologic hazards KW - Indian Ocean tsunami 2004 KW - South Pacific KW - deep-sea environment KW - tides KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - ocean waves KW - natural hazards KW - propagation KW - mid-ocean ridges KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/921715350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Deep-sea+observations+and+modeling+of+the+2004+Sumatra+tsunami+in+Drake+Passage&rft.au=Rabinovich%2C+Alexander+B%3BWoodworth%2C+Philip+L%3BTitov%2C+Vasily+V&rft.aulast=Rabinovich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011GL048305 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deep-sea environment; Drake Passage; geologic hazards; Indian Ocean tsunami 2004; marine environment; mid-ocean ridges; natural hazards; numerical models; ocean waves; Pacific Ocean; propagation; South Pacific; tides; tsunamis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048305 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variations in the equatorial Indian Ocean AN - 919646279; 2012-020240 AB - This study examines the structure and dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. We take advantage of a variety of satellite and in situ data sets, including unprecedented 4-8 year-long velocity time series records from the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) program. Spectral analysis reveals prominent intraseasonal zonal currents variations along the equator with periods of 30-70 days. These oscillations are vertically in phase above the thermocline and propagate eastward with the local zonal winds. In the thermocline, intraseasonal zonal velocity variations also propagate eastward across a broad range of phase speeds expected for low baroclinic equatorial Kelvin waves; amplitudes decrease with depth, with deeper levels leading those near surface. Collectively, these results suggest that the near-surface layer responds directly to intraseasonal zonal wind stress forcing and that subsequently energy radiates downward and eastward in the thermocline in the form of wind-forced equatorial Kelvin waves. In addition, intraseasonal zonal current variability on the equator is coherent with off-equatorial sea surface height fluctuations in the eastern and central of the basin. This coherence is primarily due to the fact that equatorial zonal wind variations are associated with off-equatorial wind stress curls that can generate local Ekman pumping and westward propagating Rossby waves. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Iskandar, Iskhaq AU - McPhaden, Michael J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C06019 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - equatorial region KW - satellite methods KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - thermohaline circulation KW - Indian Ocean KW - seasonal variations KW - sea-surface temperature KW - climate forcing KW - winds KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919646279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+wind-forced+intraseasonal+zonal+current+variations+in+the+equatorial+Indian+Ocean&rft.au=Iskandar%2C+Iskhaq%3BMcPhaden%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Iskandar&rft.aufirst=Iskhaq&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006864 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate forcing; currents; equatorial region; Indian Ocean; ocean circulation; ocean currents; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea-surface temperature; seasonal variations; temperature; thermohaline circulation; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006864 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of eddies on an ocean observing system with profiling floats; idealized simulations of the Argo array AN - 919640601; 2012-020224 AB - This study aims at evaluating effects of the mesoscale variability on the expected accuracy of reconstruction of temperature, salinity, and velocities from the Argo measurements and trajectories. For this purpose, an idealized observing system with profiling floats is simulated in a high-resolution ocean model of the North Atlantic set up to produce annual mean hydrography and circulation. The simulations with and without mesoscale variability are compared, and the effects of the time mean and mesoscale eddy-induced advection are effectively separated and investigated. The results demonstrate several effects of mesoscale eddies on the expected accuracy of the Argo-based reconstructions of temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocities. In most of the domain, the eddies help to achieve uniform spatial coverage. The effects of eddy advection on reconstruction errors are, however, complex but moderate in most of the domain. High-frequency variability in temperature and salinity leads to enhancement of reconstruction errors, especially if the sampling is carried out for only a few years. The reconstruction of horizontal velocities from trajectories of the profiling floats is capable of detecting multiple zonal jets which have been observed already. The reconstruction of the meridional velocities is significantly less reliable, primarily due to a small signal-to-noise ratio in the in the interior of domain. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kamenkovich, Igor AU - Cheng, Wei AU - Schmid, Claudia AU - Harrison, D E Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C06003 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - numerical models KW - salinity KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - Argo array KW - hydrographs KW - eddies KW - velocity KW - reconstruction KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+eddies+on+an+ocean+observing+system+with+profiling+floats%3B+idealized+simulations+of+the+Argo+array&rft.au=Kamenkovich%2C+Igor%3BCheng%2C+Wei%3BSchmid%2C+Claudia%3BHarrison%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Kamenkovich&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2933.1 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Argo array; Atlantic Ocean; currents; eddies; hydrographs; North Atlantic; numerical models; ocean circulation; ocean currents; reconstruction; salinity; temperature; upwelling; velocity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006910 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical simulation of a synoptic event in the Southern California Bight AN - 919640463; 2012-020039 AB - In the middle of March 2002 a synoptic upwelling event occurred in the Southern California Bight; it was marked by a precipitous cooling of at least 4 degrees C within 10-20 km of the coast. By the end of the month the preevent temperatures had slowly recovered. The Regional Oceanic Model System (ROMS) is used to simulate the event with an atmospheric downscaling reanalysis for surface wind and buoyancy flux forcing. Lateral boundary conditions of temperature, salinity, velocity, and sea level are taken from a global oceanic product. Barotropic tidal fields from a global barotropic model are imposed along the open boundaries. The simulation reproduces well the upwelling process compared with observed data. The sensitivity of the simulation is examined to wind resolution, heat flux, and tidal forcing. The oceanic response to the different wind resolutions converges at the level of the 6 km resolution, which is the finest scale present in the terrain elevation data set used in the atmospheric downscaling. The combination of an analytical diurnal cycle in the solar radiation and the empirical coupling with the instantaneous ROMS sea surface temperature produces a similar oceanic response to the downscaled heat flux. Tidal effects are significant in the upwelling evolution due to the increase in wind energy input through a quasi-resonant alignment of the wind and surface current, probably by chance. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Dong, Changming AU - McWilliams, James C AU - Hall, Alex AU - Hughes, Mimi Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05018 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - East Pacific KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - monthly variations KW - Northeast Pacific KW - Southern California Bight KW - ocean currents KW - tides KW - California KW - Southern California KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - climate forcing KW - winds KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Numerical+simulation+of+a+synoptic+event+in+the+Southern+California+Bight&rft.au=Dong%2C+Changming%3BMcWilliams%2C+James+C%3BHall%2C+Alex%3BHughes%2C+Mimi&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Changming&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006578 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bathymetry; California; climate forcing; currents; East Pacific; monthly variations; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Pacific Ocean; sea-surface temperature; Southern California; Southern California Bight; tides; United States; upwelling; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006578 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic topography of the Bering Sea AN - 919640453; 2012-020038 AB - A new mean dynamic topography (MDT) for the Bering Sea is presented. The product is obtained by combining historical oceanographic and atmospheric observations with high-resolution model dynamics in the framework of a variational technique. Eighty percent of the ocean data underlying the MDT were obtained during the last 25 years and include hydrographic profiles, surface drifter trajectories, and in situ velocity observations that were combined with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric climatology. The new MDT quantifies surface geostrophic circulation in the Bering Sea with a formal accuracy of 2-4 cm/s. The corresponding sea surface height (SSH) errors are estimated by inverting the Hessian matrix in the subspace spanned by the leading modes of SSH variability observed from satellites. Comparison with similar products based on in situ observations, satellite gravity, and altimetry shows that the new MDT is in better agreement with independent velocity observations by Argo drifters and moorings. Assimilation of the satellite altimetry data referenced to the new MDT allows better reconstruction of regional circulations in the Bering Sea. Comparisons also indicate that MDT estimates derived from the latest Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid model have more in common with the presented sea surface topography than with the MDTs based on earlier versions of the geoid. The presented MDT will increase the accuracy of calculations of the satellite altimeter absolute heights and geostrophic surface currents and may also contribute to improving the precision in estimating the geoid in the Bering Sea. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Panteleev, Gleb AU - Yaremchuk, Max AU - Stabeno, Phyllis J AU - Luchin, Vladimir AU - Nechaev, Dmitri A AU - Kikuchi, Takashi Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05017 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - high-resolution methods KW - ocean circulation KW - sea water KW - density KW - Bering Sea KW - atmosphere KW - altimetry KW - satellite methods KW - models KW - topography KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - climate forcing KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dynamic+topography+of+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Panteleev%2C+Gleb%3BYaremchuk%2C+Max%3BStabeno%2C+Phyllis+J%3BLuchin%2C+Vladimir%3BNechaev%2C+Dmitri+A%3BKikuchi%2C+Takashi&rft.aulast=Panteleev&rft.aufirst=Gleb&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006354 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; atmosphere; bathymetry; Bering Sea; climate forcing; density; high-resolution methods; hydrographs; models; North Pacific; ocean circulation; Pacific Ocean; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea water; topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006354 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variational assimilation of satellite observations in a coastal ocean model off Oregon AN - 919639423; 2012-020027 AB - Satellite along-track sea surface height (SSH) and multisatellite sea surface temperature (SST) maps are assimilated in a coastal ocean circulation model off Oregon. The study period is June-October 2005, featuring intensive separation of the coastal upwelling jets in the eddy-dominated coastal transition zone (CTZ). The data assimilation (DA) system combines the nonlinear Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Advanced Variational Regional Ocean Representer Analyzer (AVRORA) tangent linear and adjoint codes developed by our group. The variational representer DA method is implemented in a series of 6 day time windows, with initial conditions corrected at the beginning of each window. To avoid the problem of matching the model and observed SSH mean levels, the observed SSH slope has been assimilated. Location, timing, and intensity of jets and eddies in the CTZ are constrained, to improve accuracy of nonlinear model analyses and forecasts. In the case assimilating SSH alone, the geometry of the SST front is improved. SSH assimilation results in the cross-shore transport more uniformly distributed along the coast than in the free run model. An outer front is identified in the DA analyses at a distance of 200 km from the coast. A strong subsurface horizontal temperature gradient across this front influences the depth of the thermocline in an area between the front and the continental slope. The DA correction term is comparable in magnitude to dominant terms in the volume-integrated heat equation. The time-averaged DA correction term in the volume-integrated heat balance is closer to 0 in the combined SSH-SST assimilation case, than in the case assimilating SSH alone. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kurapov, A L AU - Foley, D AU - Strub, P T AU - Egbert, G D AU - Allen, J S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C05006 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - East Pacific KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - Northeast Pacific KW - satellite methods KW - energy balance KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - models KW - Oregon KW - North Pacific KW - hydrographs KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919639423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Variational+assimilation+of+satellite+observations+in+a+coastal+ocean+model+off+Oregon&rft.au=Kurapov%2C+A+L%3BFoley%2C+D%3BStrub%2C+P+T%3BEgbert%2C+G+D%3BAllen%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Kurapov&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006909 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bathymetry; currents; East Pacific; energy balance; hydrographs; models; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Oregon; Pacific Ocean; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea-surface temperature; temperature; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006909 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring surface and groundwater variations using multisatellite observations and hydrological modelling AN - 907919902; 2012-000909 AB - We present a methodology combining information from complementary remote sensing datasets and hydrological modelling for the monitoring of surface and groundwater variations in two large drainage basins, the Negro and the Mekong rivers. Spatiotemporal variations of surface waters can be determined combining observations from satellite imagery (i.e. JERS-1, SPOT VGT, multisatellite products) and radar altimetry (i.e. Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1&2 RA, ENVISAT RA-2). The orbital characteristics and the type of sensors present advantages and drawbacks depending on the nature of the study region, and account for the spatial and temporal resolutions, and the accuracy of the surface water storage estimates. Water stored in aquifers is isolated from the total water storage measured by GRACE by removing the contributions of both the surface reservoir derived from satellite imagery and radar altimetry, and the root zone reservoir simulated by hydrological models. JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Frappart, Frederic AU - Seyler, Frederique AU - Papa, Fabrice AU - Martinez, Jean-Michel AU - Thuy Le, Toan AU - da Silva, Joecila Santos AU - Prigent, Catherine AU - Rossow, William B A2 - Hafeez, Mohsin A2 - van de Giesen, Nick A2 - Bardsley, Earl A2 - Seyler, Frederique A2 - Pail, Roland A2 - Taniguchi, Makoto Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 22 EP - 27 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences VL - 343 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - hydrology KW - time series analysis KW - floodplains KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - GRACE KW - Rio Negro KW - satellite methods KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - water table KW - South America KW - wetlands KW - fluvial features KW - drainage basins KW - data bases KW - Asia KW - Mekong River KW - Amazon Basin KW - remote sensing KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907919902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Monitoring+surface+and+groundwater+variations+using+multisatellite+observations+and+hydrological+modelling&rft.au=Frappart%2C+Frederic%3BSeyler%2C+Frederique%3BPapa%2C+Fabrice%3BMartinez%2C+Jean-Michel%3BThuy+Le%2C+Toan%3Bda+Silva%2C+Joecila+Santos%3BPrigent%2C+Catherine%3BRossow%2C+William+B&rft.aulast=Frappart&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 25th general assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, symposium J-H01 on GRACE, other remote sensing platform and ground-based methods for estimating multi-scale surface water budget, groundwater system characterization and hydrological processes N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amazon Basin; aquifers; Asia; data bases; data processing; drainage basins; floodplains; fluvial features; GRACE; ground water; hydrology; Mekong River; models; remote sensing; Rio Negro; satellite methods; South America; statistical analysis; surface water; time series analysis; two-dimensional models; water table; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial models of sparse data to inform cetacean conservation planning: an example from Oman AN - 907184528; 16044950 AB - Habitat models are tools for understanding the relationship between cetaceans and their environment, from which patterns of the animals' space use can be inferred and management strategies developed. Can working with space use alone be sufficient for management, when habitat cannot be modeled? Here, we analyzed cetacean sightings data collected from small boat surveys off the coast of Oman between 2000 and 2003. The waters off Oman are used by the Endangered Arabian Sea population of humpback whales. Our data were collected primarily for photo-identification, using a haphazard sampling regime, either in areas where humpback whales were thought to be relatively abundant, or in areas that were logistically easy to survey. This leads to spatially autocorrelated data that are not amenable to analysis using standard approaches. We used quasi-Poisson generalized linear models and semi-parametric spatial filtering to assess the distribution of humpback and Bryde's whales in 3 areas off Oman relative to 3 simple physiographic variables in a survey grid. Our analysis focused on the spatial eigenvector filtering of models, coupled with the spatial distribution of model residuals, rather than just on model predictions. Spatial eigenvector filtering accounts for spatial autocorrelation in models, allowing inference to be made regarding the relative importance of particular areas. As an exemplar of this approach, we demonstrate that the Dhofar coast of southern Oman is important habitat for the Arabian Sea population of humpback whales. We also suggest how conservation planning for mitigating impacts on humpback whales off the Dhofar coast could start. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Corkeron, Peter J AU - Collins, Gianna Minton Tim AU - Findlay, Ken AU - Willson, Andrew AU - Baldwin, Robert AD - Integrated Statistics, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA, peter.corkeron@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 39 EP - 52 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - ISW, Arabian Sea KW - Spatial distribution KW - Ecological distribution KW - whales KW - Models KW - spatial distribution KW - mitigation KW - Boats KW - Sampling KW - ISW, Oman KW - Coasts KW - Modelling KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - boats KW - Rare species KW - Habitat KW - Coastal zone KW - Marine mammals KW - Conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Cetacea KW - Environment management KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907184528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+sparse+data+to+inform+cetacean+conservation+planning%3A+an+example+from+Oman&rft.au=Corkeron%2C+Peter+J%3BCollins%2C+Gianna+Minton+Tim%3BFindlay%2C+Ken%3BWillson%2C+Andrew%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Corkeron&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00367 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Ecological distribution; Marine mammals; Rare species; Modelling; Endangered Species; Boats; Data processing; Spatial distribution; Endangered species; Conservation; Sampling; Habitat; Coasts; Models; spatial distribution; mitigation; Coastal zone; boats; Environment management; whales; Cetacea; ISW, Arabian Sea; ISW, Oman; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00367 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of an antihelminthic treatment in improving the body condition and survival of Hawaiian monk seals AN - 907184519; 16044949 AB - Food limitation and poor body condition are significant factors affecting the survival of juvenile Hawaiian monk seals Monachus schauinslandi in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Previous research has indicated that juvenile monk seals infected with cestodes are in worse body condition than those that are uninfected. To test whether individual growth and survivorship are boosted by intermittently reducing parasites, we initiated a deworming study on juvenile seals at Laysan Island. Forty-three unique juvenile seals were captured, weighed, measured, feces-sampled, and either given an injectable antihelminthic (praziquantel) or used as untreated controls up to 4 times at 8 to 16 wk intervals across a 7 month period. The effect of treatment on survival, egg shedding, and gain in mass was evaluated. Survival of the subset of the 3 cohorts included in the study was 100% for the 2007 and 2008 cohorts and 85.2% for the 2009 cohorts. Egg prevalence did not differ significantly between control and treated seals. Percent daily mass gain was greatest in the March to May period. Older juveniles gained more mass than young-of-the-year (treated and control), which lost mass between the first 2 treatments. Percent mass gain was significantly greater for treated than control seals during March to May, but not during December to March or over the entire treatment period (December to May). The questionable efficacy of injectable praziquantel indicates that a different route of administration or dosage of praziquantel or a different antihelminthic may be more suitable for treatment of cestodes in this species. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Gobush, K S AU - Baker, J D AU - Gulland, FMD AD - Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814, USA, kathleen.gobush@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 29 EP - 37 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Hawaiian monk seal KW - Monachus schauinslandi KW - Antihelminthic KW - Praziquantel KW - Cestodes KW - Marine KW - USA, Hawaii, Laysan I. KW - Parasites KW - Body conditions KW - Food KW - Disease control KW - Survival KW - seals KW - Growth KW - Islands KW - Marine mammals KW - Endangered species KW - Survivorship KW - survival KW - Cestoda KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - ENA 21:Wildlife KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907184519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+an+antihelminthic+treatment+in+improving+the+body+condition+and+survival+of+Hawaiian+monk+seals&rft.au=Gobush%2C+K+S%3BBaker%2C+J+D%3BGulland%2C+FMD&rft.aulast=Gobush&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00364 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasites; Growth; Body conditions; Marine mammals; Disease control; Survival; Survivorship; Endangered Species; Islands; Food; Endangered species; Praziquantel; seals; survival; Monachus schauinslandi; Cestoda; USA, Hawaii, Laysan I.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00364 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical Inferences from Formaldehyde DNA-Protein Cross-Link Data: Improving Methods for Characterization of Uncertainty AN - 907170415; 15524750 AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has reached considerable sophistication in its application to pharmacological and environmental health problems. Yet, mature methodologies for making statistical inferences have not been routinely incorporated in these applications except in a few data-rich cases. This paper demonstrates how improved statistical inference on estimated model parameters from both frequentist and Bayesian points of view can be routinely carried out. We work with a previously developed PBPK model for the formation and disposition of DNA-protein cross-links formed by inhaled formaldehyde in the nasal lining of rats and rhesus monkeys. We purposefully choose this model because it is based on sparse time-course data. JF - Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics AU - Klein, Martin D AU - Sinha, Bimal K AU - Subramaniam, Ravi P AD - Center for Statistical Research and Methodology, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 42 EP - 55 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - DNA-protein cross-links (DPX) KW - Formaldehyde KW - Nonlinear regression models KW - Ordinary differential equations KW - PBPK models KW - Statistics KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Physiology KW - Statistical analysis KW - Environmental health KW - Disposition KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Rats KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Macaca mulatta KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907170415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biopharmaceutical+Statistics&rft.atitle=Statistical+Inferences+from+Formaldehyde+DNA-Protein+Cross-Link+Data%3A+Improving+Methods+for+Characterization+of+Uncertainty&rft.au=Klein%2C+Martin+D%3BSinha%2C+Bimal+K%3BSubramaniam%2C+Ravi+P&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biopharmaceutical+Statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10543400903531601 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Mathematical models; Statistics; Bayesian analysis; Statistical analysis; Pharmaceuticals; Formaldehyde; Disposition; Pharmacokinetics; Rats; Physiology; Environmental health; Macaca mulatta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543400903531601 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of the mosquito control insecticide phenothrin to three life stages of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) AN - 904487524; 15147070 AB - Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as a contact insecticide in mosquito control programs. This study compared the toxicity of phenothrin to adult, larval and embryonic grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and examined oxidative stress responses in adult and larval grass shrimp. The adult 24-h LC50 was 0.341 Delta *mg/L (95 % confidence intervals 0.282-0.412) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.161 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.128-0.203 Delta *mg/L). The larval 24-h LC50 was 0.50 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.441-0.568) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.154 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.139-0.170 Delta *mg/L). In the presence of sediment, the 24-h LC50 was 6.30 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 5.00-7.44 Delta *mg/L) for adults and 0.771 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.630-0.944) for larvae. The sublethal biomarkers glutathione and lipid peroxidase (LPx) were examined after 96-h phenothrin exposure at five concentrations, and there were no statistically significant differences in these levels in adults or larvae compared to controls. There was a significant downward trend in larval LPx levels. This research confirms that phenothrin is highly toxic to grass shrimp and suggests that both adult and larval grass shrimp are appropriate life stages for risk assessments. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Key, Peter B AU - Chung, Katy W AU - Hoguet, Jennifer AU - Sapozhnikova, Yelena AU - Delorenzo, Marie E AD - Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Palaemonetes pugio KW - Grasses KW - Glutathione KW - Lipids KW - Peroxidase KW - Statistical analysis KW - Insecticides KW - Oxidative stress KW - Embryos KW - Pyrethroids KW - Bioindicators KW - Control programs KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Larvae KW - Developmental stages KW - Culicidae KW - Toxicity KW - Food contamination KW - biomarkers KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Sediments KW - Pesticides KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904487524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+sparse+data+to+inform+cetacean+conservation+planning%3A+an+example+from+Oman&rft.au=Corkeron%2C+Peter+J%3BCollins%2C+Gianna+Minton+Tim%3BFindlay%2C+Ken%3BWillson%2C+Andrew%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Corkeron&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00367 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a937970208~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Glutathione; Agricultural wastes; Control programs; Peroxidase; Statistical analysis; Developmental stages; Toxicity; Food contamination; biomarkers; Sediments; Lipid peroxidation; Insecticides; Oxidative stress; Pesticides; Embryos; Pyrethroids; Bioindicators; Grasses; Lipids; Larvae; Palaemonetes pugio; Culicidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.572519 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data assimilation using a hybrid ice flow model AN - 904486971; 15953624 AB - Hybrid models, or depth-integrated flow models that include the effect of both longitudinal stresses and vertical shearing, are becoming more prevalent in dynamical ice modeling. Under a wide range of conditions they closely approximate the well-known First Order stress balance, yet are of computationally lower dimension, and thus require less intensive resources. Concomitant with the development and use of these models is the need to perform inversions of observed data. Here, an inverse control method is extended to use a hybrid flow model as a forward model. We derive an adjoint of a hybrid model and use it for inversion of ice-stream basal traction from observed surface velocities. A novel aspect of the adjoint derivation is a retention of non-linearities in Glen's flow law. Experiments show that in some cases, including those nonlinearities is advantageous in minimization of the cost function, yielding a more efficient inversion procedure. JF - Cryosphere AU - Goldberg, D N AU - Sergienko, O V AD - Princeton University, Program in Atmosphere and Ocean Sciences, Princeton, USA, daniel.goldberg@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 315 EP - 327 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1994-0416, 1994-0416 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Surface Velocity KW - Stress KW - Retention KW - Data assimilation KW - Inversions KW - Model Studies KW - Costs KW - Cryosphere KW - Ice drift KW - Traction KW - Nonlinearity KW - Modelling KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 09122:Legislation KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 551.32:E. Glaciology (551.32) KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904486971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryosphere&rft.atitle=Data+assimilation+using+a+hybrid+ice+flow+model&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+D+N%3BSergienko%2C+O+V&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryosphere&rft.issn=19940416&rft_id=info:doi/10.5194%2Ftc-5-315-2011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryosphere; Traction; Ice drift; Nonlinearity; Inversions; Modelling; Data assimilation; Costs; Surface Velocity; Stress; Retention; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-315-2011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability and Trends of High Temperature, High Humidity, and Sultry Weather in the Warm Season in China during the Period 1961-2004 AN - 904468025; 14345061 AB - Using the daily maximum air temperature and mean humidity observations at 394 surface weather stations across China, the changes in the annual number of days of high temperature weather (HTW), high humidity weather (HHW), and sultry weather (STW) in China over the period 1961-2004 are studied. The results indicate that there were considerable spatial differences and temporal variability of HTW, HHW, and STW across China. Under a climatic mean condition, a notable feature is that southeastern China is the region of collocation of high values of the annual number of days of HTW, HHW, and STW, as well as the region of the most significant variabilities of these parameters. About 55% of the stations in China have increasing trends of the annual number of days of HTW. Most stations in China show decreasing trends of the annual number of days of HHW and are mainly located either in the area south of 30 degree N or in northern and northeastern China. The stations with increasing trends of the annual number of days of STW are mainly located in northern China, while the stations that have decreasing trends are primarily located in southern China. The analysis results suggest that the variability of the annual number of days of STW corresponds mainly to HTW, and less to HHW. The change in the East Asian monsoon may be responsible for the changes of these statistics in extreme weather in China. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Shi, Xiaohui AU - Lu, Chungu AU - Xu, Xiangde AD - State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China, chungu.lu@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 127 EP - 143 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Variability KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Air temperature KW - Spatial variations KW - High temperatures KW - Climatology KW - Weather KW - Air Temperature KW - Temporal variations KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - Warm seasons KW - High humidities KW - East Asian monsoon KW - Temperature trends KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Monsoons KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 551.571:Humidity (551.571) KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904468025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Variability+and+Trends+of+High+Temperature%2C+High+Humidity%2C+and+Sultry+Weather+in+the+Warm+Season+in+China+during+the+Period+1961-2004&rft.au=Shi%2C+Xiaohui%3BLu%2C+Chungu%3BXu%2C+Xiangde&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Xiaohui&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAMC2345.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Temporal variations; Humidity; Climatology; Air temperature; Monsoons; High humidities; High temperatures; East Asian monsoon; Statistical analysis; Warm seasons; Temperature trends; Weather; Variability; Statistics; Air Temperature; Temperature; China, People's Rep. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2345.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) Intersensor Calibration Using a Simultaneous Conical Overpass Technique AN - 904467829; 14345059 AB - A new intersensor calibration scheme is developed for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) to correct its scan-angle-dependent bias, the radar calibration beacon interference on the F-15 satellite, and other intersensor biases. The intersensor bias is characterized by the simultaneous overpass measurements with the F-13 SSM/I as a reference. This sensor data record (SDR) intersensor calibration procedure is routinely running at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and is now used for reprocessing all SSM/I environmental data records (EDR), including total precipitable water (TPW) and surface precipitation. Results show that this scheme improves the consistency of the monthly SDR's time series from different SSM/I sensors. Relative to the matched rain products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, the bias of SSM/I monthly precipitation is reduced by 12% after intersensor calibration. TPW biases between sensors are reduced by 75% over the global ocean and 20% over the tropical ocean, respectively. The intersensor calibration reduces biases by 20.6%, 15.7%, and 6.5% for oceanic, land, and global precipitation, respectively. The TPW climate trend is 1.59% decade super(-1) (or 0.34 mm decade super(-1)) for the global ocean and 1.39% decade super(-1) (or 0.63 mm decade super(-1)) for the tropical ocean, indicating related trends decrease of 38% and 54%, respectively, from the uncalibrated SDRs. Results demonstrate the large impacts of this calibration on the TPW climate trend. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Yang, Song AU - Weng, Fuzhong AU - Yan, Banghua AU - Sun, Ninghai AU - Goldberg, Mitch AD - NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, and I. M. Systems Group, Inc., Camp Springs, Maryland Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 77 EP - 95 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Remote Sensing KW - Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) KW - Sensors KW - Time series analysis KW - Scientific satellites KW - Microwaves KW - Calibrations KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Climatology KW - Hydrologic Data KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Climates KW - Global precipitation KW - Climatic trends KW - Radar calibration KW - Precipitation KW - Satellite instrumentation KW - Precipitable water KW - Oceans KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.578.1:Liquid (551.578.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904467829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Special+Sensor+Microwave+Imager+%28SSM%2FI%29+Intersensor+Calibration+Using+a+Simultaneous+Conical+Overpass+Technique&rft.au=Yang%2C+Song%3BWeng%2C+Fuzhong%3BYan%2C+Banghua%3BSun%2C+Ninghai%3BGoldberg%2C+Mitch&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Song&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JAMC2271.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microwaves; Sensors; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climatology; Scientific satellites; Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I); Precipitable water; Global precipitation; Radar calibration; Climatic trends; Precipitation; Satellite instrumentation; Time series analysis; Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; Calibrations; Oceans; Climates; Hydrologic Data; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2271.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms Associated with Large Daily Rainfall Events in Northeast Brazil AN - 904465621; 14345078 AB - The mechanisms resulting in large daily rainfall events in Northeast Brazil are analyzed using data filtering to exclude periods longer than 30 days. Composites of circulation fields that include all independent events do not reveal any obvious forcing mechanisms as multiple patterns contribute to Northeast Brazil precipitation variability. To isolate coherent patterns, subsets of events are selected based on anomalies that precede the Northeast Brazil precipitation events at different locations. The results indicate that at 10 degree S, 40 degree W, the area of lowest annual rainfall in Brazil, precipitation occurs mainly in association with trailing midlatitude synoptic wave trains originating in either hemisphere. Closer to the equator at 5 degree S, 37.5 degree W, an additional convection precursor is found to the west, with a spatial structure consistent with that of a Kelvin wave. Although these two sites are located within only several hundred kilometers of each other and the midlatitude patterns that induce precipitation appear to be quite similar, the dates on which large precipitation anomalies occur at each location are almost entirely independent, pointing to separate forcing mechanisms. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Liebmann, Brant AU - Kiladis, Dave AU - Allured, George N AU - Jones, Charles AU - Carvalho, M AU - Leila, M V AU - Blade, Ileana AU - Gonzales, Paula L AD - * NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, and CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 376 EP - 396 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Convection KW - Variability KW - Rainfall KW - Convection development KW - Wave trains KW - Precipitation anomalies KW - Waves KW - Circulation patterns KW - Annual rainfall KW - Climates KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Precipitation KW - Precipitation variability KW - Kelvin waves KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904465621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+Associated+with+Large+Daily+Rainfall+Events+in+Northeast+Brazil&rft.au=Liebmann%2C+Brant%3BKiladis%2C+Dave%3BAllured%2C+George+N%3BJones%2C+Charles%3BCarvalho%2C+M%3BLeila%2C+M+V%3BBlade%2C+Ileana%3BGonzales%2C+Paula+L&rft.aulast=Liebmann&rft.aufirst=Brant&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3457.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Wave trains; Rainfall; Kelvin waves; Annual rainfall; Precipitation anomalies; Precipitation variability; Atmospheric circulation; Convection development; Precipitation; Circulation patterns; Variability; Climates; Waves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3457.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recurrent Supersynoptic Evolution of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet AN - 904465617; 14345077 AB - The evolution of supersynoptic (i.e., pentad) Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) variability, its precipitation impacts, and large-scale circulation context are analyzed in the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR)--a high-resolution precipitation-assimilating dataset--and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis. The analysis strategy leans on the extended EOF technique, which targets both spatial and temporal recurrence of a variability episode. Pentad GPLLJ variability structures are found to be spatially similar to those in the monthly analysis. The temporal evolution of the supersynoptic GPLLJ-induced precipitation anomalies reveal interesting lead and lag relationships highlighted by GPLLJ variability-leading precipitation anomalies. Interestingly, similar temporal phasing of the GPLLJ and precipitation anomalies were operative during the 1993 (1988) floods (drought) over the Great Plains, indicating the importance of these submonthly GPLLJ variability modes in the instigation of extreme hydroclimatic episodes. The northward-shifted (dry) GPLLJ variability mode is linked to large-scale circulation variations emanating from remote regions that are modified by interaction with the Rocky Mountains, suggesting that the supersynoptic GPLLJ fluctuations may have their origin in orographic modulation of baroclinic development. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Weaver, Scott J AU - Nigam, Sumant AD - NOAA/Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 575 EP - 582 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Variability KW - Empirical orthogonal functions KW - Drought KW - Data reanalysis KW - North America, Rocky Mts. KW - Mountains KW - Low-level jet stream KW - Floods KW - Precipitation anomalies KW - Droughts KW - North America KW - Climates KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Precipitation KW - Baroclinic mode KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Precipitation variability KW - Flood variability KW - Fluctuations KW - Evolution KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09161:General KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904465617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Recurrent+Supersynoptic+Evolution+of+the+Great+Plains+Low-Level+Jet&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Scott+J%3BNigam%2C+Sumant&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JCLI3445.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Baroclinic mode; Droughts; Low-level jet stream; Floods; Precipitation anomalies; Precipitation variability; Flood variability; Empirical orthogonal functions; Atmospheric circulation; Precipitation; Data reanalysis; Mountains; Variability; Climates; Drought; Fluctuations; Evolution; North America, Rocky Mts.; North America; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3445.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stream guiding algorithm for deriving flow direction from DEM and location of main streams AN - 904460762; 2011-102664 AB - The drainage paths and directions within the drainage basin are important for analyses of the interactions between human and nature. The stream burning algorithm is a popular D8-based method and can be effective in the digital reproduction of a known and generally accepted stream network. The stream guiding algorithm has been developed in this paper to overcome the stream burning algorithm's disadvantage of locally altering elevation in order to provide the consistency between existing vector hydrography and the DEM. In the new algorithm, flow direction of LMS (location of main streams) grids will be determined first; then possible outlets in non-LMS area will be found; and finally, the flow direction of undetermined area will be calculated by a "filling up" technique. Evaluations for Taiwan Island show that the new algorithm has a similar performance to that of the stream burning algorithm in river network reproduction. The new algorithm obeys the "steepest decent rule" and DEM data more strictly than the stream burning algorithm, especially around the LMS grids. JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Wang, Jiahu AU - Li, Li AU - Hao, Zhenchun AU - Gourley, Jonathan J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 198 EP - 205 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences VL - 346 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - models KW - hydrology KW - Taiwan KW - Far East KW - streamflow KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - algorithms KW - digital terrain models KW - Asia KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904460762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Stream+guiding+algorithm+for+deriving+flow+direction+from+DEM+and+location+of+main+streams&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jiahu%3BLi%2C+Li%3BHao%2C+Zhenchun%3BGourley%2C+Jonathan+J&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jiahu&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=9781907161216&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International symposium, HO2, held during IUGG 2011, the XXV general assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; Asia; digital terrain models; Far East; hydrology; models; rivers and streams; streamflow; surface water; Taiwan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical scaling of temperature, wind and humidity fluctuations: dropsondes from 13 km to the surface of the Pacific Ocean AN - 902379809; 15875434 AB - Observational data were taken in the 'vertical' structure at 2 Hz from research dropsondes for temperature, wind speed and relative humidity during the '800 s it takes to reach the surface from the '13 km altitude of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Gulfstream 4SP aircraft. The observations were made mainly through the depth of the troposphere above the eastern Pacific Ocean from 15? N to 43? N (dropsondes) and 60? N (aircraft) in 2004. Grand averages of some key figures and of probability distribution functions (PDFs) were formed by compounding the data from the Winter Storms Projects 2004, 2005 and 2006, comprising 246, 324 and 315 (some dropped up to 60? N) useable sondes, respectively. This sizeable data set was used to representatively characterize the statistical fluctuations in the 'vertical' structure from 13 km to the surface. The fluctuations are resolved at 5--10 m altitude, so covering up to 3 orders of magnitude of typical tropospheric weighting functions for passive remote sounders. Average 'vertical' statistical, multifractal, scaling exponents H, C 1 and Delta *a of temperature, wind speed and humidity fluctuations observed at high resolution were computed and are available as potential generators of representative, scale-invariant summaries of the vertical structure of the marine troposphere, for use in design and retrieval of remotely sounded observations. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Hovde, Susan J AU - Tuck, Adrian Francis AU - Lovejoy, Shaun AU - Schertzer, Daniel AD - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 5891 EP - 5918 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 32 IS - 20 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Relative humidity KW - Marine KW - IE, Pacific KW - Winter storms KW - Statistical analysis KW - Remote sensing KW - Troposphere KW - Humidity KW - Dropsondes KW - Water temperature KW - Vertical profiles KW - Humidity fluctuations KW - Wind speed KW - I, Pacific KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Oceanographic data KW - M2 551.55:Wind (551.55) KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling KW - O 2070:Meteorology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902379809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Vertical+scaling+of+temperature%2C+wind+and+humidity+fluctuations%3A+dropsondes+from+13+km+to+the+surface+of+the+Pacific+Ocean&rft.au=Hovde%2C+Susan+J%3BTuck%2C+Adrian+Francis%3BLovejoy%2C+Shaun%3BSchertzer%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Hovde&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431161.2011.602652 L2 - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431161.2011.602652 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Wind speed; Ocean-atmosphere system; Remote sensing; Humidity; Troposphere; Water temperature; Vertical profiles; Humidity fluctuations; Winter storms; Statistical analysis; Dropsondes; Oceanographic data; IE, Pacific; I, Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.602652 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite observations of environmental changes from the Tonga volcano eruption in the southern tropical Pacific AN - 902368983; 15875428 AB - Satellite measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua were used to study changes of the ocean and atmosphere following the eruption of a submarine volcano in March 2009 in the southern tropical Pacific. Significant increase of water turbidity was observed in an area of '368 km2 near the location of the eruption due to the deposition of volcanic ash. In the ocean region close to the volcanic eruption, the diffuse attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 490 nm, K d(490), increased from '0.025 to 0.16 m-1 before and after the volcanic eruption. Within two weeks of the event, the coverage of the ash-laden waters decreased to '30 km2, and after four weeks the satellite-measured marine environment parameters returned back to the pre-eruption condition. The normalized water-leaving reflectance spectra, derived from the combined near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm for the ash-laden water, show some unique optical features, different from those of the sediment-dominated turbid waters, river plume waters or other productive waters. No significant sea surface temperature (SST) change was detected from satellite measurements near the eruption site. Volcanic ash plumes in the atmosphere were observed moving north-eastward following the ocean winds on 18 March 2009. The aerosol optical thickness increased from 0.06 on the previous day to 0.25 at a location '60 km north-east of the volcanic eruption site. JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Shi, Wei AU - Wang, Menghua AD - NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, E/RA3, Camp Springs, MD, 20746, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 5785 EP - 5796 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 32 IS - 20 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Volcanic eruptions KW - Aerosols KW - Eruptions KW - ISE, Pacific, Tonga KW - Ash KW - Volcanoes KW - Remote sensing KW - Freshwater KW - IS, Tropical Pacific KW - Satellites KW - Atmosphere KW - Extinction coefficient KW - River plumes KW - Oceans KW - Tropical environment KW - Volcanic ash KW - Turbidity KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 3050:Sediment Dynamics KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Satellite+observations+of+environmental+changes+from+the+Tonga+volcano+eruption+in+the+southern+tropical+Pacific&rft.au=Shi%2C+Wei%3BWang%2C+Menghua&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431161.2010.507679 L2 - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431161.2010.507679 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Volcanic eruptions; River plumes; Extinction coefficient; Tropical environment; Remote sensing; Volcanic ash; Volcanoes; Turbidity; Eruptions; Ash; Oceans; Atmosphere; Satellites; ISE, Pacific, Tonga; IS, Tropical Pacific; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.507679 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling Efficiency of Longlines for Shortraker and Rougheye Rockfish using Observations from a Manned Submersible AN - 902368611; 15762771 AB - Populations of demersal rockfish of the genus Sebastes are challenging to assess because they inhabit rocky areas that are difficult to sample with trawl gear. In contrast, longline gear can sample rocky areas, but several factors besides fish density can affect the relationship between catch rates and density. In this study, longline catch rates of shortraker rockfish Sebastes borealis and rougheye rockfish S. aleutianus were compared with observations of density from a manned submersible to evaluate the species' catchability on longline gear. On separate occasions, rockfish behavior in the presence of longline gear was observed from the submersible. Densities averaged 3.0 shortraker and rougheye rockfish (combined) per 330 m2 of bottom (the effectively sampled area of a 100-m transect). Longline catch rates averaged 2.7 shortraker and rougheye rockfish per skate of 45 hooks. Longline catch rates were not statistically affected by submersible observations. There was a positive trend between density and longline catch rates, but the relationship was not significant. As observed from the submersible, the proportion of fish free-swimming near the longline increased through the duration of the set, indicating that rockfish were attracted to the line faster than they were caught. The catching process for shortraker and rougheye rockfish lasts longer than for more mobile species such as sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Rodgveller, Cara J AU - Sigler, Michael F AU - Hanselman, Dana H AU - Ito, Daniel H AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA, cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Rockcod KW - Rockfishes KW - Rosefishes KW - Sablefish KW - Shortraker rockfish KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Submersibles KW - Longlining KW - Fishing gear KW - Population density KW - Sebastes borealis KW - Anoplopoma fimbria KW - Coastal zone management KW - Marine fish KW - Catchability KW - Fishery management KW - Sampling KW - Sebastes KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08564:Instruments, tools, equipment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Sampling+Efficiency+of+Longlines+for+Shortraker+and+Rougheye+Rockfish+using+Observations+from+a+Manned+Submersible&rft.au=Rodgveller%2C+Cara+J%3BSigler%2C+Michael+F%3BHanselman%2C+Dana+H%3BIto%2C+Daniel+H&rft.aulast=Rodgveller&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Catchability; Fishery management; Submersibles; Fishing gear; Longlining; Population density; Sampling; Coastal zone management; Sebastes borealis; Anoplopoma fimbria; Sebastes; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model for Estimating the Minimum Number of Offspring to Sample in Studies of Reproductive Success AN - 902368081; 15568251 AB - Molecular parentage permits studies of selection and evolution in fecund species with cryptic mating systems, such as fish, amphibians, and insects. However, there exists no method for estimating the number of offspring that must be assigned parentage to achieve robust estimates of reproductive success when only a fraction of offspring can be sampled. We constructed a 2-stage model that first estimated the mean ( mu ) and variance (v) in reproductive success from published studies on salmonid fishes and then sampled offspring from reproductive success distributions simulated from the mu and v estimates. Results provided strong support for modeling salmonid reproductive success via the negative binomial distribution and suggested that few offspring samples are needed to reject the null hypothesis of uniform offspring production. However, the sampled reproductive success distributions deviated significantly ( chi super(2) goodness-of-fit test p value 0.05 and as high as 0.24, even when hundreds of offspring were assigned parentage. In general, reproductive success patterns were less accurate when offspring were sampled from cohorts with larger numbers of parents and greater variance in reproductive success. Our model can be reparameterized with data from other species and will aid researchers in planning reproductive success studies by providing explicit sampling targets required to accurately assess reproductive success. JF - Journal of Heredity AU - Anderson, Joseph H AU - Ward, Eric J AU - Carlson, Stephanie M Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 567 EP - 576 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1503, 0022-1503 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Anadromous species KW - Models KW - Mating KW - Genetics KW - Progeny KW - Sampling KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Salmonidae KW - Aquatic insects KW - Evolution KW - Breeding success KW - Modelling KW - G 07740:Evolution KW - Y 25130:Methodology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902368081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+Estimating+the+Minimum+Number+of+Offspring+to+Sample+in+Studies+of+Reproductive+Success&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+W%3BPiniak%2C+G+A%3BWilliams%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2010.10.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; Amphibiotic species; Anadromous species; Reproductive behaviour; Aquatic insects; Evolution; Modelling; Breeding success; Mating; Data processing; Progeny; Sampling; Models; Salmonidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr060 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - FishSmart: Harnessing the Knowledge of Stakeholders to Enhance U.S. Marine Recreational Fisheries with Application to the Atlantic King Mackerel Fishery AN - 902364154; 15848101 AB - Despite widespread recognition of the importance of including stakeholders in management decisions for fisheries, an integrated process for broadening stakeholder involvement in the management of marine fisheries in the United States is lacking. Many marine recreational fishery stakeholders feel frustrated by a perceived lack of inclusion in the management process. Here, we describe a collaborative, integrated process between scientists and stakeholders, called "FishSmart," which complements current management by informing fishery managers of stakeholder preferences for alternative management strategies. Strategies were designed by the stakeholders to improve the status of the king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla fishery off the southeastern coast of the United States, relative to their shared vision of an improved fishery. Over the course of four facilitated workshops, stakeholders explored and compared the consequences of voluntary and regulatory fishery management strategies, using a decision analysis model developed by project scientists. Goals identified by stakeholders included maintaining high and stable catches and retaining year-round access and the ability to catch large fish. Options modeled included both voluntary changes in fishing practices and mandatory regulations. Stakeholders agreed that status quo management options were not sufficient to ensure sustainability in the Atlantic king mackerel fishery and developed a suite of 18 consensus recommendations of how to best meet their shared vision of a quality fishery. JF - American Fisheries Society Symposium AU - Ihde, T F AU - Wilberg, MJ AU - Secor, D H AU - Miller, T J Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 19 EP - 93 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine fish KW - Marine KW - USA KW - Resource management KW - Scomberomorus cavalla KW - Fishery management KW - Mackerel fisheries KW - Scomber KW - Catch statistics KW - Fishery development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902364154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ihde%2C+T+F%3BWilberg%2C+MJ%3BSecor%2C+D+H%3BMiller%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Ihde&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=FishSmart%3A+Harnessing+the+Knowledge+of+Stakeholders+to+Enhance+U.S.+Marine+Recreational+Fisheries+with+Application+to+the+Atlantic+King+Mackerel+Fishery&rft.title=FishSmart%3A+Harnessing+the+Knowledge+of+Stakeholders+to+Enhance+U.S.+Marine+Recreational+Fisheries+with+Application+to+the+Atlantic+King+Mackerel+Fishery&rft.issn=08922284&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Species Abundance Trends in the Northern Gulf of California using Local Ecological Knowledge AN - 902358592; 15762759 AB - Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires data on all parts of the ecosystem, and this can be a barrier in data-poor systems. Marine ecologists need a means of drawing together diverse information to reconstruct species abundance trends for a variety of purposes. This article uses a fuzzy logic approach to integrate information from multiple data sources and describe biomass trends for marine species groups in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Forty-two species groups were analyzed, comprising fish, invertebrates, birds, mammals, turtles, and algae. The most important new data series comes from recent interviews with fishers in the northern part of the gulf. Respondents were asked to classify the abundance of various targeted and untargeted marine species groups from 1950 to the present. The fuzzy logic method integrates their responses with catch-per-unit-effort series, intrinsic vulnerability to fishing determined from life history parameters, biomass predicted by a Schaefer harvest model, and other simple indices. The output of the fuzzy logic routine is a time series of abundance for each species group that can be compared with known trends. The results suggest a general decline in species abundance across fished and mulshed taxa, with a few exceptions. Information gathered from interviews indicated that older fishers tended to recognize a greater relative decrease in species abundance since 1970 than did younger fishers, providing another example of Pauly's (1995) shifting cognitive baselines. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Ainsworth, CH Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 190 EP - 218 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Barriers KW - Abundance KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - coastal fisheries KW - Population dynamics KW - Models KW - fuzzy logic KW - Fishing KW - Fishery management KW - Information processing KW - Coastal fisheries KW - Vulnerability KW - ISE, Mexico, California Gulf KW - Algae KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - time series analysis KW - life history KW - relative abundance KW - Biomass KW - ecologists KW - Coastal zone management KW - Life history KW - Marine ecologists KW - Cognitive ability KW - Depleted stocks KW - Fish KW - fishing KW - abundance KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902358592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Species+Abundance+Trends+in+the+Northern+Gulf+of+California+using+Local+Ecological+Knowledge&rft.au=Ainsworth%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Ainsworth&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Barriers; Marine ecologists; Fishery management; Aquatic reptiles; Depleted stocks; Coastal fisheries; Vulnerability; Population dynamics; Coastal zone management; fuzzy logic; Fishing; Life history; Data processing; Cognitive ability; Information processing; Abundance; Biomass; Algae; Models; time series analysis; life history; relative abundance; Fish; fishing; coastal fisheries; ecologists; abundance; ISE, Mexico, California Gulf; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining Essential Fish Habitat for Atka Mackerel with Respect to Feeding within and Adjacent to Aleutian Islands Trawl Exclusion Zones AN - 902358580; 15762758 AB - The distribution patterns of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius were examined, both seasonally and spatially, to identify essential feeding habitat and to add to existing knowledge of diet composition. The study focused on two local aggregations in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: one at Seguam Pass and one near Amchitka Island. At each locale, we examined the mean stomach fullness (i.e., feeding intensity) and diet composition of randomly selected fish within and outside of trawl exclusion zones (TEZs). The trawl exclusion zones extend out 10-20 nm from Steiler sea lion Eumetopias jubatus rookeries and haulouts; no trawling is allowed inside these zones. During four of the six periods examined, mean stomach fullness was higher inside the TEZ than outside it. At Seguam Pass, fish were distributed into northern and southern aggregations and diet composition varied by age, season, and location relative to the TEZs. Feeding intensity appeared to be greatest inside the TEZ in the northern portion of Seguam Pass near a productive frontal region characterized by a transition zone of well-mixed (upwelling) and stratified water. At Seguam Pass, piscivory occurred almost entirely inside the TEZ in June. Near Amchitka Island, feeding intensity was significantly higher inside the TEZ, which coincided with an increase in egg cannibalism in October. Based on these observations, we suggest that the areas of increased feeding activity in conjunction with diet composition at Seguam Pass and Amchitka Island represent essential feeding habitat for Atka mackerel. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Rand, Kimberly M AU - Lowe, Sandra A AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, kimberly.rand@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 21 EP - 31 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Eumetopias jubatus KW - Pleurogrammus monopterygius KW - Trawling KW - Upwelling KW - Ecological distribution KW - Habitat KW - Nutrition KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass KW - Coastal zone management KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I. KW - Marine fish KW - Stomach content KW - IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Marine mammals KW - Scomber KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08567:Fishery oceanography and limnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902358580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Defining+Essential+Fish+Habitat+for+Atka+Mackerel+with+Respect+to+Feeding+within+and+Adjacent+to+Aleutian+Islands+Trawl+Exclusion+Zones&rft.au=Rand%2C+Kimberly+M%3BLowe%2C+Sandra+A&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15427951.2010.558402 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Stomach content; Trawling; Upwelling; Marine mammals; Ecological distribution; Habitat; Nutrition; Coastal zone management; Eumetopias jubatus; Pleurogrammus monopterygius; Scomber; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I.; IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2010.558402 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal, Small-Scale Distribution of Atka Mackerel in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, with Respect to Reproduction AN - 902357983; 15762770 AB - We investigated the spatial distribution of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius with respect to maturity stage at Seguam Pass in the Aleutian Islands as well as their spawning locations within trawlable areas at three small-scale (10-20-nautical mile or 18.5-37.0-km) sites. Histological methods were used to determine maturity stages, and male maturity stages are described for the first time. Spawning areas were identified by catch per unit effort of demersal egg masses. At Seguam Pass, spawning was concentrated in the area adjacent to the east side of Amlia Island and between Amlia and Seguam islands. The observed spatial segregation of Atka mackerel by sex and maturity stage appears to interact with the boundaries of the trawl exclusion zone (TEZ) at Seguam Pass. During spawning, mature fish aggregate inside the closed area and immature fish and nonreproductively active mature males aggregate outside the TEZ in the area open to fishing. This increased the commercial catch selectivity of nonreproductively active males and immature fish during the September fishery. The spawning areas observed at Seguam and Tanaga passes and near Amchitka Island were within TEZs, which may serve as de facto marine protected areas for spawning Atka mackerel. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Cooper, Daniel AU - McDermott, Susanne AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, dan.cooper@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 10 EP - 20 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 United States VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - catches KW - Pleurogrammus monopterygius KW - maturity KW - marine protected areas KW - coastal fisheries KW - Spawning KW - spawning KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I. KW - Marine fish KW - Islands KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Fishery management KW - IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Fish physiology KW - Scomber KW - Nature conservation KW - Marine parks KW - Fish KW - Reproduction KW - Seasonal variations KW - Environment management KW - O 5080:Legal/Governmental KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902357983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Seasonal%2C+Small-Scale+Distribution+of+Atka+Mackerel+in+the+Aleutian+Islands%2C+Alaska%2C+with+Respect+to+Reproduction&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Daniel%3BMcDermott%2C+Susanne&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Fishery management; Fish physiology; Marine parks; Nature conservation; Reproduction; Spawning; Environment management; catches; Sulfur dioxide; maturity; Islands; marine protected areas; Fish; coastal fisheries; Seasonal variations; spawning; Pleurogrammus monopterygius; Scomber; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Rat Is., Amchitka I.; IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; INE, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is., Seguam Pass; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inferred Paternity and Male Reproductive Success in a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Population AN - 902357550; 15568262 AB - We used data from 78 individuals at 26 microsatellite loci to infer parental and sibling relationships within a community of fish-eating ("resident") eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca). Paternity analysis involving 15 mother/calf pairs and 8 potential fathers and whole-pedigree analysis of the entire sample produced consistent results. The variance in male reproductive success was greater than expected by chance and similar to that of other aquatic mammals. Although the number of confirmed paternities was small, reproductive success appeared to increase with male age and size. We found no evidence that males from outside this small population sired any of the sampled individuals. In contrast to previous results in a different population, many offspring were the result of matings within the same "pod" (long-term social group). Despite this pattern of breeding within social groups, we found no evidence of offspring produced by matings between close relatives, and the average internal relatedness of individuals was significantly less than expected if mating were random. The population's estimated effective size was <30 or about 1/3 of the current census size. Patterns of allele frequency variation were consistent with a population bottleneck. JF - Journal of Heredity AU - Ford, Michael J AU - Hanson, MBradley AU - Hempelmann, Jennifer A AU - Ayres, Katherine L AU - Emmons, Candice K AU - Schorr, Gregory S AU - Baird, Robin W AU - Balcomb, Kenneth C AU - Wasser, Samuel K AU - Parsons, Kim M AU - Balcomb-Bartok, Kelly Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 537 EP - 553 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1503, 0022-1503 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Age KW - Allelles KW - Males KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Mating KW - Population genetics KW - Genetics KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Breeding KW - Siblings KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Population bottleneck KW - Paternity KW - Microsatellites KW - Orcinus orca KW - Marine mammals KW - DNA KW - Progeny KW - Census KW - Gene frequency KW - Cetacea KW - Breeding success KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07870:Mammals KW - Q1 08374:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902357550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=Inferred+Paternity+and+Male+Reproductive+Success+in+a+Killer+Whale+%28Orcinus+orca%29+Population&rft.au=Ford%2C+Michael+J%3BHanson%2C+MBradley%3BHempelmann%2C+Jennifer+A%3BAyres%2C+Katherine+L%3BEmmons%2C+Candice+K%3BSchorr%2C+Gregory+S%3BBaird%2C+Robin+W%3BBalcomb%2C+Kenneth+C%3BWasser%2C+Samuel+K%3BParsons%2C+Kim+M%3BBalcomb-Bartok%2C+Kelly&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.issn=00221503&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjhered%2Fesr067 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; Population genetics; Allelles; Nucleotide sequence; Males; Marine mammals; DNA; Reproductive behaviour; Breeding success; Mating; Age; Data processing; Breeding; Population bottleneck; Paternity; Microsatellites; Gene frequency; Siblings; Census; Progeny; Orcinus orca; Cetacea; IN, North Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr067 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxin profile change in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of Alexandrium fundyense after gut passage in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica AN - 899161550; 15792576 AB - Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense Balech were fed to the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin under controlled conditions. Para-lytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were measured in vegetative cells and pellicle cysts prior to feeding and directly after passage through the oyster alimentary canal and defecation as intact cells. Oysters fed with vegetative cells and those fed with pellicle cysts accumulated toxins. One experimental treatment tested for direct uptake of toxins from the water (oysters and A. fundyense cells were separated by a screen); PSTs were not accumulated from the water by the oysters. There were no significant changes in total, per-cell toxicity after passage through the oyster alimentary canal, suggesting limited transfer of toxins from intact cells to the oysters. However, there were statistically significant changes in the toxin composition of cells following gut passage. Vegetative cells and pellicle cysts from feces had increased amounts of saxitoxin (STX) and decreased amounts of gonyautoxin 4 (GTX4) per cell, compared to amounts prior to gut passage. Following gut passage, pellicle cysts showed better survival in the feces than vegetative cells, which is consistent with the view of pellicle-cyst formation as a -successful survival strategy against adverse conditions. JF - Aquatic Biology AU - Smith, Barry C AU - Persson, Agneta AU - Selander, Erik AU - Wikfors, Gary H AU - Alix, Jennifer AD - Milford Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Milford, Connecticut 06460, USA, barry.smithnoaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 193 EP - 201 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1864-7782, 1864-7782 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Alexandrium fundyense KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Dinoflagellate KW - Toxin KW - PST KW - Pellicle cyst KW - Cell survival KW - Toxicants KW - Statistical analysis KW - Hydrobiology KW - Phytoplankton KW - Vegetative cells KW - Saxitoxin KW - Dinoflagellates KW - Feces KW - Marine KW - Feeding KW - Defecation KW - Pellicle KW - gonyautoxin KW - Animal physiology KW - Toxicity KW - Cysts KW - Toxins KW - Canals KW - Digestive tract KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Controlled conditions KW - Marine molluscs KW - Defaecation KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899161550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Biology&rft.atitle=Toxin+profile+change+in+vegetative+cells+and+pellicle+cysts+of+Alexandrium+fundyense+after+gut+passage+in+the+eastern+oyster+Crassostrea+virginica&rft.au=Smith%2C+Barry+C%3BPersson%2C+Agneta%3BSelander%2C+Erik%3BWikfors%2C+Gary+H%3BAlix%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00362 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Toxicants; Phytoplankton; Hydrobiology; Marine molluscs; Animal physiology; Toxicity; Cysts; Defaecation; Cell survival; Feeding; Defecation; Statistical analysis; gonyautoxin; Pellicle; Vegetative cells; Toxins; Canals; Digestive tract; Dinoflagellates; Saxitoxin; Controlled conditions; Feces; Alexandrium fundyense; Crassostrea virginica; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00362 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The meteorological nature of variable soluble iron transport and deposition within the North Atlantic Ocean basin AN - 898201084; 2011-087228 AB - Aerosol transport from the Sahara desert to the North Atlantic Ocean generates the largest annual flux of mineral dust and total Fe found in the global oceans, enriching the mixed layer with soluble iron. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Global Chemical Transport model to examine the transport and deposition of bioavailable iron on time scales ranging from seasonal to daily. The model is compared with observed mineral dust concentrations, depositions, and soluble Fe fractions. It is shown that simulated cumulative soluble Fe deposition (SFeD) employing a variable Fe solubility parameterization compares well with observed short-term changes of dissolved iron within a thermally stratified surface mixed layer, while assuming a constant 2% solubility does not. The largest year-to-year variability of seasonal SFeD (45 to 90%) occurs throughout winter and spring in the central and northeast Atlantic Ocean. It is strongly linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, producing substantially more SFeD during the positive phase than the negative phase. The ratio of wet to total SFeD increases with distance from the Saharan source region and is especially large when concentrations are small during the negative NAO. In summer, the relatively steady circulation around the Azores high results in low interannual variability of SFeD (<30%); however, regional short-term events are found to be highly episodic, and daily deposition rates can be a factor of 4 or more higher than the monthly mean flux. Three-dimensional backward trajectories are used to determine the origin and evolution of a specific SFeD event. We show that the dust mass-mean sedimentation rate should be incorporated into the air parcel dynamical vertical velocity for a more precise transport path. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Moxim, Walter J AU - Fan, Song-Miao AU - Levy, Hiram, II Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D03203 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D3 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - sea water KW - ecosystems KW - solution KW - iron KW - transport KW - mixing KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - meteorology KW - concentration KW - three-dimensional models KW - clastic sediments KW - biochemistry KW - sedimentation KW - solubility KW - nutrients KW - deposition KW - atmospheric transport KW - metals KW - dust KW - Africa KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - wind transport KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/898201084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=The+meteorological+nature+of+variable+soluble+iron+transport+and+deposition+within+the+North+Atlantic+Ocean+basin&rft.au=Moxim%2C+Walter+J%3BFan%2C+Song-Miao%3BLevy%2C+Hiram%2C+II&rft.aulast=Moxim&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD014709 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 96 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; atmospheric transport; biochemistry; clastic sediments; concentration; deposition; dust; ecosystems; iron; metals; meteorology; mixing; North Atlantic; North Atlantic Oscillation; nutrients; sea water; seasonal variations; sedimentation; sediments; solubility; solution; three-dimensional models; transport; velocity; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014709 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of the mosquito control insecticide phenothrin to three life stages of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) AN - 888100868; 15025786 AB - Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as a contact insecticide in mosquito control programs. This study compared the toxicity of phenothrin to adult, larval and embryonic grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and examined oxidative stress responses in adult and larval grass shrimp. The adult 24-h LC50 was 0.341 Delta *mg/L (95 % confidence intervals 0.282-0.412) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.161 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.128-0.203 Delta *mg/L). The larval 24-h LC50 was 0.50 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.441-0.568) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.154 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.139-0.170 Delta *mg/L). In the presence of sediment, the 24-h LC50 was 6.30 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 5.00-7.44 Delta *mg/L) for adults and 0.771 Delta *mg/L (95 % CI 0.630-0.944) for larvae. The sublethal biomarkers glutathione and lipid peroxidase (LPx) were examined after 96-h phenothrin exposure at five concentrations, and there were no statistically significant differences in these levels in adults or larvae compared to controls. There was a significant downward trend in larval LPx levels. This research confirms that phenothrin is highly toxic to grass shrimp and suggests that both adult and larval grass shrimp are appropriate life stages for risk assessments. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Key, Peter B AU - Chung, Katy W AU - Hoguet, Jennifer AU - Sapozhnikova, Yelena AU - Delorenzo, Marie E AD - Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina, USA Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN UK SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Palaemonetes pugio KW - Grasses KW - Glutathione KW - Lipids KW - Peroxidase KW - Statistical analysis KW - Insecticides KW - Oxidative stress KW - Embryos KW - Pyrethroids KW - Bioindicators KW - Control programs KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Larvae KW - Developmental stages KW - Culicidae KW - Toxicity KW - Food contamination KW - biomarkers KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Sediments KW - Pesticides KW - Z 05350:Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Entomology KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888100868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Reconciling+stock+assessment+and+management+scales+under+conditions+of+spatially+varying+catch+histories&rft.au=Cope%2C+Jason+M%3BPunt%2C+Andre+E&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.002 L2 - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a937970208~frm=titlelink LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Glutathione; Agricultural wastes; Control programs; Peroxidase; Statistical analysis; Developmental stages; Toxicity; Food contamination; biomarkers; Sediments; Lipid peroxidation; Insecticides; Oxidative stress; Pesticides; Embryos; Pyrethroids; Bioindicators; Grasses; Lipids; Larvae; Palaemonetes pugio; Culicidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.572519 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation AN - 884419764; 2011-070738 AB - The North Brazil Current (NBC) connects the North and South Atlantic and is the major pathway for the surface return flow of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here, we calculate the NBC geostrophic transport time series based on 5 decades of observations near the western boundary off the coast of Brazil. Results reveal a multidecadal NBC variability that lags Labrador Sea deep convection by a few years. The NBC transport time series is coherent with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in sea surface temperature, which also has been widely linked to AMOC fluctuations in previous modeling studies. Our results thus suggest that the observed multidecadal NBC transport variability is a useful indicator for AMOC variations. The suggested connection between the NBC and AMOC is assessed in a 700 year control simulation of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM2.1 coupled climate model. The model results are in agreement with observations and further demonstrate that the variability of NBC transport is a good index for tracking AMOC variations. Concerning the debate about whether a slowdown of AMOC has already occurred under global warming, the observed NBC transport time series suggests strong multidecadal variability but no significant trend. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Zhang, Dongxiao AU - Msadek, Rym AU - McPhaden, Michael J AU - Delworth, Tom Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C04012 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C4 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - tropical environment KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - currents KW - decadal variations KW - ocean circulation KW - Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation KW - sea water KW - Labrador Sea KW - sea surface water KW - global change KW - ocean currents KW - South America KW - transport KW - Brazil KW - climate effects KW - South Atlantic KW - North Atlantic KW - North Brazil Current KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - global warming KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/884419764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+sea+turtles+and+dredge+gear+in+the+U.S.+sea+scallop+%28Placopecten+magellanicus%29+fishery%2C+2001-2008&rft.au=Murray%2C+Kimberly+T&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.017 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGREA2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; Atlantic Ocean; Brazil; climate effects; currents; decadal variations; global change; global warming; Labrador Sea; North Atlantic; North Atlantic Oscillation; North Brazil Current; ocean circulation; ocean currents; sea surface water; sea water; South America; South Atlantic; transport; tropical environment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006812 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour AN - 883033014; 15356483 AB - Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) employ a unique and complex foraging behaviour -- bubble-netting -- that involves expelling air underwater to form a vertical cylinder-ring of bubbles around prey. We used digital suction cup tags (DTAGs) that concurrently measure pitch, roll, heading, depth and sound (96 kHz sampling rate), to provide the first depiction of the underwater behaviours in which humpback whales engage during bubble-net feeding. Body mechanics and swim paths were analysed using custom visualization software that animates the underwater track of the whale and quantifies tag sensor values. Bubble production was identified aurally and through spectrographic analysis of tag audio records. We identified two classes of behaviour (upward-spiral; 6 animals, 118 events and double-loop; 3 animals, 182 events) that whales used to create bubble nets. Specifically, we show the actual swim path of the whales (e.g., number of revolutions, turning rate, depth interval of spiral), when and where in the process bubbles were expelled and the pattern of bubble expulsion used by the animals. Relative to other baleanopterids, bubble-netting humpbacks demonstrate increased manoeuvrability probably aided by a unique hydrodynamicly enhanced body form. We identified an approximately 20 m depth or depth interval limit to the use of bubble nets and suggest that this limit is due to the physics of bubble dispersal to which humpback whales have behaviourally adapted. All animals were feeding with at least one untagged animal and we use our data to speculate that reciprocity or by-product mutualism best explain coordinated feeding behaviour in humpbacks. JF - Behaviour AU - Wiley, D AU - Ware, C AU - Bocconcelli, A AU - Cholewiak, D AU - Friedlaender, A AU - Thompson, M AU - Weinrich, M AD - Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA National Ocean Service, 175 Edward Foster Road, Scituate, MA 02066, USA, David.Wiley@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 575 EP - 602 VL - 148 IS - 5-6 SN - 0005-7959, 0005-7959 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Food organisms KW - Foraging behavior KW - Data processing KW - Symbiosis KW - Sensors KW - Byproducts KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Nets KW - Computer programs KW - Tags KW - Foraging behaviour KW - software KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Marine mammals KW - Mutualism KW - Sound KW - Sampling KW - Dispersal KW - Feeding behavior KW - Prey KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - Y 25030:Foraging and Ingestion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883033014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behaviour&rft.atitle=Underwater+components+of+humpback+whale+bubble-net+feeding+behaviour&rft.au=Wiley%2C+D%3BWare%2C+C%3BBocconcelli%2C+A%3BCholewiak%2C+D%3BFriedlaender%2C+A%3BThompson%2C+M%3BWeinrich%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fishery+Bulletin&rft.issn=00900656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food organisms; Foraging behaviour; Tags; Symbiosis; Sensors; Feeding behaviour; Marine mammals; Byproducts; Computer programs; Foraging behavior; software; Data processing; Sound; Mutualism; Dispersal; Sampling; Feeding behavior; Prey; Nets; Megaptera novaeangliae; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511X570893 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Impact of Changes in Production Strategies in Tropical Mexico AN - 881466576; 2011-104754 AB - This paper examines how traditional multicropping milpa systems have been abandoned in a locality in southeast Veracruz. In a relatively short period of time, the economic and social fabric that allowed the people of Soteapan to maintain these production strategies was seriously disrupted. In addition, economic forces undermined the capacity of the time-honored milpa production systems to provide food security and improve household livelihoods. Trade liberalization intensified price reductions of the most important crops while support for agriculture through public policies was curtailed. A direct consequence is the weakening and abandonment of milpa systems with important negative environmental effects. Because agro-biodiversity is a critical component of sustainable agriculture, new policies are needed to recover the capacity to guarantee food security and to continue to provide important environmental services. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Sustainable Agriculture AU - Nadal, Alejandro AU - Rano, Hugo Garcia AD - Center For Economic Studies, El Colegio de Mexico, Camino al Ajusco 20, Mexico D.F. 01000, Mexico E-mail: anadal@colmex.mx Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 180 EP - 207 PB - Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia PA VL - 35 IS - 1-2 SN - 1044-0046, 1044-0046 KW - Manufacturing and heavy industry - Industrial management, production, and productivity KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Health conditions and policy - Food and nutrition KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Agriculture and agricultural policy - Crop management and agricultural production KW - Politics - Politics and policy-making KW - Population groups, population policy, and demographics - Demography and census KW - Trade and trade policy - Export-import trade KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - sustainable agriculture, agricultural policy, migration, traditional agriculture, household livelihoods, biosphere reserve area, Tropical Mexico KW - Agriculture KW - Trade liberalization KW - Mexico KW - Prices KW - Households KW - Production KW - Economics KW - Food security KW - Public policy KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881466576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sustainable+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Environmental+Impact+of+Changes+in+Production+Strategies+in+Tropical+Mexico&rft.au=Nadal%2C+Alejandro%3BRano%2C+Hugo+Garcia&rft.aulast=Nadal&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=9781118666678&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Monograph&rft.issn=00658448&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GM001008 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JSAGEB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Production; Economics; Food security; Agriculture; Mexico; Public policy; Households; Trade liberalization; Prices DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.539132 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraseasonal variability in barrier layer thickness in the south central Bay of Bengal AN - 881458115; 2011-066056 AB - Time series measurements of temperature and salinity recorded at 8 degrees N, 90 degrees E in the south central Bay of Bengal from a Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction buoy, along with satellite altimetry and scatterometer data, are utilized to describe the seasonal and intraseasonal variability of barrier layer thickness (BLT) during November 2006 to April 2009. The BLT shows strong seasonality with climatological minima during both March-May and August-September and maxima during December-February. Large-amplitude, intraseasonal fluctuations in BLT are observed during September 2007 to May 2008 and during September 2008 to April 2009. The observed intraseasonal variability in BLT is mainly controlled by the vertical movement of isothermal layer depth (ILD) in the presence of a shallow mixed layer. Further, the analysis shows that both ILD and BLT are modulated by vertical stretching of the upper water column associated with westward propagating intraseasonal Rossby waves in the southern bay. These waves are remotely forced by intraseasonal surface winds in the equatorial Indian Ocean. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Girishkumar, M S AU - Ravichandran, M AU - McPhaden, M J AU - Rao, R R Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C03009 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C3 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - time series analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - altimetry KW - salinity KW - satellite methods KW - temperature KW - measurement KW - thermohaline circulation KW - Indian Ocean KW - Bay of Bengal KW - mixing KW - thickness KW - seasonal variations KW - bathymetry KW - remote sensing KW - boundary layer KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881458115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Intraseasonal+variability+in+barrier+layer+thickness+in+the+south+central+Bay+of+Bengal&rft.au=Girishkumar%2C+M+S%3BRavichandran%2C+M%3BMcPhaden%2C+M+J%3BRao%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Girishkumar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006657 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; bathymetry; Bay of Bengal; boundary layer; Indian Ocean; measurement; mixing; remote sensing; salinity; satellite methods; seasonal variations; statistical analysis; temperature; thermohaline circulation; thickness; time series analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006657 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interannual to decadal changes in the western South Atlantic's surface circulation AN - 881451791; 2011-063924 AB - A combination of surface drifters and altimetry is used to analyze the seasonal to interannual variability of the surface velocity field in the Brazil-Malvinas confluence of the western South Atlantic Ocean. Longer-term changes are inferred from wind and sea surface temperature fields. During the period October 1992 to December 2007, a southward shift of -0.6 to -0.9 degrees decade (super -1) is found in the confluence latitude of the Brazil and Malvinas currents. A comparable trend is found in the latitude of the maximum wind stress curl averaged across the South Atlantic basin, allowing a proxy for the confluence latitude to be calculated for the prealtimeter time period. This longer time series suggests that the recent trend may be part of a longer-term oscillation, which has returned to values last sustained in the early 1980s. This variation does not appear to be related to the multidecadal trend in the Southern Annular Mode, but instead is inversely related to long-term variations in the sea surface temperature anomaly in the Agulhas-Benguela pathway of the eastern South Atlantic subtropical basin. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Lumpkin, Rick AU - Garzoli, Silvia Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C01014 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C1 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - decadal variations KW - ocean circulation KW - sea water KW - sea surface water KW - Brazil-Malvinas confluence KW - altimetry KW - satellite methods KW - confluence KW - ocean currents KW - Agulhas-Benguela Current KW - Southern Annular Mode KW - velocity KW - South Atlantic KW - seasonal variations KW - sea-surface temperature KW - winds KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - TOPEX/POSEIDON KW - remote sensing KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881451791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Interannual+to+decadal+changes+in+the+western+South+Atlantic%27s+surface+circulation&rft.au=Lumpkin%2C+Rick%3BGarzoli%2C+Silvia&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006285 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agulhas-Benguela Current; altimetry; Atlantic Ocean; Brazil-Malvinas confluence; confluence; currents; decadal variations; ocean circulation; ocean currents; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea surface water; sea water; sea-surface temperature; seasonal variations; South Atlantic; Southern Annular Mode; TOPEX/POSEIDON; velocity; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006285 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal and spatial dynamics of CO (sub 2) air-sea flux in the Gulf of Maine AN - 881451781; 2011-063922 AB - Ocean surface layer carbon dioxide (CO (sub 2) ) data collected in the Gulf of Maine from 2004 to 2008 are presented. Monthly shipboard observations are combined with additional higher-resolution CO (sub 2) observations to characterize CO (sub 2) fugacity (fCO (sub 2) ) and CO (sub 2) flux over hourly to interannual time scales. Observed fCO (sub 2) and CO (sub 2) flux dynamics are dominated by a seasonal cycle, with a large spring influx of CO (sub 2) and a fall-to-winter efflux back to the atmosphere. The temporal results at inner, middle, and outer shelf locations are highly correlated, and observed spatial variability is generally small relative to the monthly to seasonal temporal changes. The averaged annual flux is in near balance and is a net source of carbon to the atmosphere over 5 years, with a value of +0.38 mol m (super -2) yr (super -1) . However, moderate interannual variation is also observed, where years 2005 and 2007 represent cases of regional source (+0.71) and sink (-0.11) anomalies. We use moored daily CO (sub 2) measurements to quantify aliasing due to temporal undersampling, an important error budget term that is typically unresolved. The uncertainty of our derived annual flux measurement is + or -0.26 mol m (super -2) yr (super -1) and is dominated by this aliasing term. Comparison of results to the neighboring Middle and South Atlantic Bight coastal shelf systems indicates that the Gulf of Maine exhibits a similar annual cycle and range of oceanic fCO (sub 2) magnitude but differs in the seasonal phase. It also differs by enhanced fCO (sub 2) controls by factors other than temperature-driven solubility, including biological drawdown, fall-to-winter vertical mixing, and river runoff. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Vandemark, D AU - Salisbury, J E AU - Hunt, C W AU - Shellito, S M AU - Irish, J D AU - McGillis, W R AU - Sabine, C L AU - Maenner, S M Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C01012 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C1 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - cycles KW - stream transport KW - longshore currents KW - air-sea interface KW - fugacity KW - carbon dioxide KW - transport KW - dynamics KW - mixing KW - mass balance KW - diurnal variations KW - discharge KW - currents KW - monthly variations KW - annual variations KW - statistical analysis KW - atmosphere KW - solubility KW - ocean currents KW - measurement KW - biogenic processes KW - runoff KW - coastal environment KW - seasonal variations KW - North Atlantic KW - Gulf of Maine KW - winds KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881451781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Temporal+and+spatial+dynamics+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+air-sea+flux+in+the+Gulf+of+Maine&rft.au=Vandemark%2C+D%3BSalisbury%2C+J+E%3BHunt%2C+C+W%3BShellito%2C+S+M%3BIrish%2C+J+D%3BMcGillis%2C+W+R%3BSabine%2C+C+L%3BMaenner%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Vandemark&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006408 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air-sea interface; annual variations; Atlantic Ocean; atmosphere; biogenic processes; carbon dioxide; coastal environment; currents; cycles; discharge; diurnal variations; dynamics; fugacity; Gulf of Maine; longshore currents; mass balance; measurement; mixing; monthly variations; North Atlantic; ocean currents; runoff; seasonal variations; solubility; statistical analysis; stream transport; transport; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006408 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summer blooms of diatom-diazotroph assemblages and surface chlorophyll in the North Pacific gyre; a disconnect AN - 881450688; 2011-066048 AB - The discovery of large summer chlorophyll blooms in oligotrophic regions of the ocean has led to questions about the relationship between these blooms and the frequently cooccurring outburst of nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton. We compared diatom-diazotroph assemblage (DDA) abundance to size-fractionated chlorophyll (chl) and satellite ocean color chlorophyll estimates to evaluate how DDAs affected ocean color estimates in the eastern and central North Pacific gyre at 28-30 degrees N. DDA blooms were dominated by either Hemiaulus hauckii (in the central Pacific in 2003 and the eastern Pacific in 2002) or by Rhizosolenia (eastern Pacific in 2002), both with nitrogen-fixing Richelia symbionts. The 2002 DDA bloom was measured a week prior to the development of a satellite-observed chlorophyll bloom at the same location. In contrast, the 2003 Hemiaulus bloom was not within a clearly defined satellite feature. Although DDA abundance increased 10 (super 4) -10 (super 5) -fold relative to the background and they dominated the net plankton (> or =5 mu m or >10 mu m chl size) fraction, the in situ chl (maximum < or =0.11 mg m (super -3) ) never reached the 0.15 mg m (super -3) threshold used to define satellite-observed chlorophyll blooms in oligotrophic waters. The DDA blooms were not evident in the in situ fluorometer data; however, the blooms occurred within high beam attenuation features observed in the transmissometer data. Trichodesmium was not a component of either diatom bloom although elevated levels of Trichodesmium were observed at two stations where DDAs were not abundant. While DDA blooms and satellite ocean chlorophyll blooms are sometimes coincident, our data do not support that DDAs are the sole source of the satellite-observed chlorophyll in summertime blooms. DDA blooms are likely underreported in the North Pacific, particularly in the waters west of Hawaii, due to their frequent lack of distinctive ocean color, fluorescence, and chlorophyll signatures. The source of the ocean color signature in the blooms remains elusive, but scattered literature observations suggest that cooccurring members of the near-surface flora such as the small pennate diatom Mastogloia may play an important role. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Villareal, Tracy A AU - Adornato, Lori AU - Wilson, Cara AU - Schoenbaechler, Caimee A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C03001 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C3 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - sea water KW - phytoplankton KW - plankton KW - algae KW - nitrogen KW - symbiosis KW - diatoms KW - porphyrins KW - productivity KW - Plantae KW - ocean circulation KW - assemblages KW - pigments KW - geophysical methods KW - Hawaii KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - satellite methods KW - chlorophyll KW - organic compounds KW - North Pacific KW - color KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Oceania KW - Polynesia KW - remote sensing KW - algal blooms KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881450688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Summer+blooms+of+diatom-diazotroph+assemblages+and+surface+chlorophyll+in+the+North+Pacific+gyre%3B+a+disconnect&rft.au=Villareal%2C+Tracy+A%3BAdornato%2C+Lori%3BWilson%2C+Cara%3BSchoenbaechler%2C+Caimee+A&rft.aulast=Villareal&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006268 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algae; algal blooms; assemblages; chlorophyll; color; diatoms; East Pacific Ocean Islands; geophysical methods; Hawaii; nitrogen; North Pacific; ocean circulation; Oceania; organic compounds; Pacific Ocean; phytoplankton; pigments; plankton; Plantae; Polynesia; porphyrins; productivity; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea water; symbiosis; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006268 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upper ocean response to Typhoon Choi-Wan as measured by the Kuroshio Extension Observatory mooring AN - 877847327; 2011-058737 AB - The Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) is a highly instrumented moored reference station located at 32.3 degrees N, 144.5 degrees E in the recirculation gyre south of the Kuroshio Extension. On 19 September 2009, the eye of Typhoon Choi-Wan (International designation: 0914) passed approximately 40 km to the southeast of the KEO surface mooring. Hourly meteorological and physical oceanographic measurements together with 3 hourly air-sea carbon dioxide observations telemetered from KEO in near real time show the evolution of the upper ocean and its associated air-sea fluxes during the passage of this storm and its aftermath. During the approach of the storm, the mixed layer freshened because of intense rainfall. This was followed by a large outgassing of CO (sub 2) , rapid cooling, and an increase in salinity. Although these changes in mixed layer properties imply substantial entrainment, they were accompanied by upwelling and ultimately a temporary approximately 20 m shoaling of the mixed layer. This upwelling, which was observed at all depths, including the deepest sensor near 500 m, was coincident with the onset of near-inertial oscillations in the mixed layer currents. After the typhoon passed, inertial pumping caused approximately 15-20 m amplitude vertical displacements throughout the top 500 m that continued for at least 6 days. A large oceanic response was observed in this case even though the eye of Choi-Wan passed to the right of KEO, resulting in winds rotating cyclonically with time, in opposition to the anticyclonic-rotating near-inertial currents. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Bond, Nicholas A AU - Cronin, Meghan F AU - Sabine, Christopher AU - Kawai, Yoshimi AU - Ichikawa, Hiroshi AU - Freitag, Paul AU - Ronnholm, Keith Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02031 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - upwelling KW - ocean circulation KW - sea water KW - anticyclones KW - sea surface water KW - Kuroshio Extension Observatory KW - fresh water KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - cyclones KW - Typhoon Choi-Wan KW - ocean currents KW - West Pacific KW - measurement KW - carbon dioxide KW - Kuroshio KW - North Pacific KW - tropical cyclones KW - Pacific Ocean KW - storms KW - Northwest Pacific KW - winds KW - rain KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877847327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Upper+ocean+response+to+Typhoon+Choi-Wan+as+measured+by+the+Kuroshio+Extension+Observatory+mooring&rft.au=Bond%2C+Nicholas+A%3BCronin%2C+Meghan+F%3BSabine%2C+Christopher%3BKawai%2C+Yoshimi%3BIchikawa%2C+Hiroshi%3BFreitag%2C+Paul%3BRonnholm%2C+Keith&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006548 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anticyclones; atmospheric precipitation; carbon dioxide; currents; cyclones; fresh water; Kuroshio; Kuroshio Extension Observatory; measurement; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Pacific Ocean; rain; sea surface water; sea water; storms; tropical cyclones; Typhoon Choi-Wan; upwelling; West Pacific; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating gas transfer velocity parameterizations using upper ocean radon distributions AN - 877847272; 2011-058716 AB - Sea-air fluxes of gases are commonly calculated from the product of the gas transfer velocity (k) and the departure of the seawater concentration from atmospheric equilibrium. Gas transfer velocities, generally parameterized in terms of wind speed, continue to have considerable uncertainties, partly because of limited field data. Here we evaluate commonly used gas transfer parameterizations using a historical data set of (super 222) Rn measurements at 105 stations occupied on Eltanin cruises and the Geosecs program. We make this evaluation with wind speed estimates from meteorological reanalysis products (from National Centers for Environmental Prediction and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting) that were not available when the (super 22) Rn data were originally published. We calculate gas transfer velocities from the parameterizations by taking into account winds in the period prior to the date that (super 222) Rn profiles were sampled. Invoking prior wind speed histories leads to much better agreement than simply calculating parameterized gas transfer velocities from wind speeds on the day of sample collection. For individual samples from the Atlantic Ocean, where reanalyzed winds agree best with observations, three similar recent parameterizations give k values for individual stations with an rms difference of approximately 40% from values calculated using (super 222) Rn data. Agreement of basin averages is much better. For the global data set, the average difference between k constrained by (super 222) Rn and calculated from the various parameterizations ranges from -0.2 to +0.9 m/d (average, 2.9 m/d). Averaging over large domains, and working with gas data collected in recent years when reanalyzed winds are more accurate, will further decrease the uncertainties in sea-air fluxes. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Bender, Michael L AU - Kinter, Saul AU - Cassar, Nicolas AU - Wanninkhof, Rik Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02010 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - concentration KW - sea water KW - air-water interface KW - sea surface water KW - isotopes KW - atmosphere KW - radon KW - Rn-222 KW - measurement KW - gases KW - radioactive isotopes KW - noble gases KW - tracers KW - climate effects KW - velocity KW - world ocean KW - winds KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877847272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluating+gas+transfer+velocity+parameterizations+using+upper+ocean+radon+distributions&rft.au=Bender%2C+Michael+L%3BKinter%2C+Saul%3BCassar%2C+Nicolas%3BWanninkhof%2C+Rik&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GB003924 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air-water interface; atmosphere; climate effects; concentration; gases; isotopes; measurement; noble gases; radioactive isotopes; radon; Rn-222; sea surface water; sea water; tracers; velocity; winds; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005805 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A construction of pseudo salinity profiles for the global ocean; method and evaluation AN - 877843584; 2011-058708 AB - This study demonstrates a reconstruction of salinity profiles for the global ocean for the period 1993-2008. All available temperature-salinity (T-S) profiles from the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program and Argo data are divided into two subsets; one half is used for producing the vertical coupled T-S empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes, and the other half is used for the verification. We employed a weighted least-squares method that minimizes the misfits between the predetermined EOF structures and independent observed temperature and altimetry data. Verification shows that the South Indian and North Atlantic oceans maintain good correlations to 900 m depth between the observed and reconstructed salinity with altimetry data. Meanwhile, the Pacific and Antarctic oceans below 500 m shows significant negative correlations which are associated with the relationship between steric height and salinity variability in these basins. In order to guarantee general agreement with observations for all ocean depths, we calculate a regional correlation index considering the impact of altimetry data and employ it for our final products. Except for the surface ocean, the pseudo salinity profiles show general improvements compared to the existing climatology and the reanalysis outputs from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's ensemble coupled data assimilation system. Near the surface layer, reanalysis outputs show a relatively high performance due to the coupling between the atmosphere and ocean. An assimilation system produces reliable surface flux variability not accounted for the construction of the global pseudo salinity profiles. These results encourage the application of the global pseudo salinity profiles into an assimilation system for the 20th century when the observed salinity data are sparse. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Chang, You-Soon AU - Rosati, Anthony AU - Zhang, Shaoqing Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02002 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - sea water KW - statistical analysis KW - altimetry KW - salinity KW - geodesy KW - empirical orthogonal functions KW - temperature KW - Indian Ocean KW - crosscorrelation KW - North Atlantic KW - world ocean KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877843584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+construction+of+pseudo+salinity+profiles+for+the+global+ocean%3B+method+and+evaluation&rft.au=Chang%2C+You-Soon%3BRosati%2C+Anthony%3BZhang%2C+Shaoqing&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=You-Soon&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006386 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - altimetry; Atlantic Ocean; crosscorrelation; empirical orthogonal functions; geodesy; Indian Ocean; North Atlantic; salinity; sea water; statistical analysis; temperature; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006386 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea surface imprints of coastal mountain lee waves imaged by synthetic aperture radar AN - 877843048; 2011-058720 AB - A group of mountain lee waves is observed on an Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image on the lee side of Mountain Laoshan (1133 m) along the Yellow Sea coast of China. The lee waves are shown as alternating bright and dark patterns on the SAR image, indicating the ocean surface wind oscillation associated with the atmospheric wavefield. The horizontal wind variation between wave crest and trough is from 7 to 17 m/s. A Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer image acquired about 8.5 h prior to the SAR pass also showed the same group of standing lee waves. The cloud pattern matches the high-wind pattern in the SAR-derived wind image. The mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to simulate the lee wave phenomenon. We run the triply nested grid model with the highest horizontal resolution of 1 km. The WRF model successfully captures the characteristics of the lee wave. The waves are generated by the terrain forcing and the wave-induced perturbation propagates very strongly upward to the 500 hPa level. The event lasts about 24 h. Based on the WRF model wind results, we run a radar imaging model to simulate the SAR observation. The normalized radar cross section (NRCS) variations induced by the lee wave are compared between the radar simulation and the actual SAR observation. Reasonable agreement is reached. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Li, Xiaofeng AU - Zheng, Weizhong AU - Yang, Xiaofeng AU - Li, Ziwei AU - Pichel, William G Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C02014 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C2 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Yellow Sea KW - Envisat KW - imagery KW - lee waves KW - radar methods KW - Laoshan Mountain KW - West Pacific KW - mountain lee waves KW - atmospheric circulation KW - SAR KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - ocean waves KW - coastal environment KW - propagation KW - Northwest Pacific KW - meteorology KW - winds KW - MODIS KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877843048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Sea+surface+imprints+of+coastal+mountain+lee+waves+imaged+by+synthetic+aperture+radar&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiaofeng%3BZheng%2C+Weizhong%3BYang%2C+Xiaofeng%3BLi%2C+Ziwei%3BPichel%2C+William+G&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaofeng&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006643 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric circulation; coastal environment; Envisat; imagery; Laoshan Mountain; lee waves; meteorology; MODIS; mountain lee waves; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; ocean waves; Pacific Ocean; propagation; radar methods; SAR; West Pacific; winds; Yellow Sea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006643 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of the mosquito control insecticide phenothrin to three life stages of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). AN - 868994576; 21614717 AB - Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as a contact insecticide in mosquito control programs. This study compared the toxicity of phenothrin to adult, larval and embryonic grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and examined oxidative stress responses in adult and larval grass shrimp. The adult 24-h LC50 was 0.341 μg/L (95 % confidence intervals 0.282-0.412) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.161 μg/L (95 % CI 0.128-0.203 μg/L). The larval 24-h LC50 was 0.50 μg/L (95 % CI 0.441-0.568) and the 96-h LC50 was 0.154 μg/L (95 % CI 0.139-0.170 μg/L). In the presence of sediment, the 24-h LC50 was 6.30 μg/L (95 % CI 5.00-7.44 μg/L) for adults and 0.771 μg/L (95 % CI 0.630-0.944) for larvae. The sublethal biomarkers glutathione and lipid peroxidase (LPx) were examined after 96-h phenothrin exposure at five concentrations, and there were no statistically significant differences in these levels in adults or larvae compared to controls. There was a significant downward trend in larval LPx levels. This research confirms that phenothrin is highly toxic to grass shrimp and suggests that both adult and larval grass shrimp are appropriate life stages for risk assessments. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Key, Peter B AU - Chung, Katy W AU - Hoguet, Jennifer AU - Sapozhnikova, Yelena AU - Delorenzo, Marie E AD - Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. pete.key@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 426 EP - 431 VL - 46 IS - 5 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - phenothrin KW - 707484X33X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mosquito Control -- instrumentation KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Palaemonidae -- drug effects KW - Palaemonidae -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/868994576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+the+mosquito+control+insecticide+phenothrin+to+three+life+stages+of+the+grass+shrimp+%28Palaemonetes+pugio%29.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jiahu%3BLi%2C+Li%3BHao%2C+Zhenchun%3BGourley%2C+Jonathan+J&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jiahu&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=9781907161216&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2011-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2011.549409 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A VAD-Based Dealiasing Method for Radar Velocity Data Quality Control AN - 864962236; 14444959 AB - This paper describes a new velocity-azimuth display (VAD)-based dealiasing method developed for automated radar radial velocity data quality control to satisfy the high-quality standard and efficiency required by operational radar data assimilation. The method is built on an alias-robust velocity-azimuth display (AR-VAD) analysis. It upgrades and simplifies the previous three-step dealiasing method in three major aspects. First, the AR-VAD is used with sufficiently stringent threshold conditions in place of the original modified VAD for the preliminary reference check to produce alias-free seed data in the first step. Second, the AR-VAD is more accurate than the traditional VAD for the refined reference check in the original second step, so the original second step becomes unnecessary and is removed. Third, a block-to-point continuity check procedure is developed, in place of the point-to-point continuity check in the original third step, which serves to enhance the use of the available seed data in a properly enlarged block area around each flagged data point that is being checked with multiple threshold conditions to avoid false dealiasing. The new method has been tested extensively with aliased radial velocity data collected under various weather conditions, including hurricane high-wind conditions. The robustness of the new method is exemplified by the results tested with three cases. The limitations of the new method and possible improvements are discussed. JF - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology AU - Xu, Qin AU - Nai, Kang AU - Wei, Li AU - Zhang, Pengfei AU - Liu, Shun AU - Parrish, David AD - NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK 73072-7326, USA, qin.xu@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 50 EP - 62 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0739-0572, 0739-0572 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Radars/radar observations KW - Data quality control KW - Data assimilation KW - Testing Procedures KW - Marine KW - Weather KW - Seeds KW - Velocity KW - Automation KW - Weather conditions KW - Methodology KW - Hurricanes KW - Quality control KW - Radar KW - Standards KW - Quality Control KW - M2 551.515.2:Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons (551.515.2) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864962236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.atitle=A+VAD-Based+Dealiasing+Method+for+Radar+Velocity+Data+Quality+Control&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qin%3BNai%2C+Kang%3BWei%2C+Li%3BZhang%2C+Pengfei%3BLiu%2C+Shun%3BParrish%2C+David&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Qin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.issn=07390572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JTECHA1444.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Seeds; Quality control; Methodology; Data quality control; Radar; Weather conditions; Data assimilation; Testing Procedures; Weather; Automation; Velocity; Standards; Quality Control; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHA1444.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How low can you go? Impacts of a low-flow disturbance on aquatic insect communities AN - 864959560; 14690739 AB - The natural hydrology of streams and rivers is being extensively modified by human activities. Water diversion, dam construction, and climate change have the potential to increase the frequency and intensity of low-flow events. Flow is a dominant force structuring stream aquatic insect communities, but the impacts of water diversion are poorly understood. Here we report results of an experimental stream flow diversion designed to test how aquatic insect communities respond to a low-flow disturbance. We diverted 40% to 80% of the water in three replicate streams for three summers, leading to summer flow exceedance probabilities of up to 99.9%. Shifts in habitat availability appeared to be a major driver of aquatic insect community responses. Responses also varied by habitat type: total insect density decreased in riffle habitats, but there was no change in pool habitats. Overall, the total biomass of aquatic insects decreased sharply with lowered flow. Collector-filterers, collector-gatherers, and scrapers were especially susceptible, while predatory insects were more resistant. Despite extremely low flow levels, there was no shift in aquatic insect family richness. The experimental water withdrawal did not increase water temperature or decrease water quality, and some wetted habitat was always maintained, which likely prevented more severe impacts on aquatic insect communities. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Walters, A W AU - Post, D M AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112-2097 USA, annika.walters@gmail.com A2 - Nilsson, C (ed) Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 163 EP - 174 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Aquatic Insects KW - Climate change KW - Climatic changes KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - insects KW - Water quality KW - Streams KW - Habitats KW - Hydrology KW - River Flow KW - Aquatic insects KW - Water Diversion KW - Rivers KW - Temperature effects KW - disturbance KW - Habitat availability KW - Environmental impact KW - River discharge KW - Pest control KW - Water temperature KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - Insects KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Stream flow KW - summer KW - stream flow KW - Human factors KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864959560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=How+low+can+you+go%3F+Impacts+of+a+low-flow+disturbance+on+aquatic+insect+communities&rft.au=Walters%2C+A+W%3BPost%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; River discharge; Environmental impact; Man-induced effects; Pest control; Streams; Aquatic insects; Ecosystem disturbance; Stream flow; Rivers; Habitat availability; Climatic changes; Hydrology; Water temperature; Biomass; Water quality; Habitat; water quality; disturbance; stream flow; summer; Human factors; insects; Habitats; Aquatic Insects; Climate change; River Flow; Insects; Water Diversion; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leatherback nests increasing significantly in Florida, USA; trends assessed over 30 years using multilevel modeling AN - 864956469; 14690747 AB - Understanding population status for endangered species is critical to developing and evaluating recovery plans mandated by the Endangered Species Act. For sea turtles, changes in abundance are difficult to detect because most life stages occur in the water. Currently, nest counts are the most reliable way of assessing trends. We determined the rate of growth for leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nest numbers in Florida (USA) using a multilevel Poisson regression. We modeled nest counts from 68 beaches over 30 years and, using beach-level covariates (including latitude), we allowed for partial pooling of information between neighboring beaches. This modeling approach is ideal for nest count data because it recognizes the hierarchical structure of the data while incorporating variables related to survey effort. Nesting has increased at all 68 beaches in Florida, with trends ranging from 3.1% to 16.3% per year. Overall, across the state, the number of nests has been increasing by 10.2% per year since 1979. Despite being a small population (probably <1000 individuals), this nesting population may help achieve objectives in the federal recovery plan. This exponential growth rate mirrors trends observed for other Atlantic populations and may be driven partially by improved protection of nesting beaches. However, nesting is increasing even where beach protection has not been enhanced. Climate variability and associated marine food web dynamics, which could enhance productivity and reduce predators, may be driving this trend. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Stewart, K AU - Sims, M AU - Meylan, A AU - Witherington, B AU - Brost, B AU - Crowder, L B AD - NOAA-NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 3333 N. Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, California 92037 USA, kelly.stewart@noaa.gov A2 - Dayton, PK (ed) Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 263 EP - 273 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Beaches KW - Data processing KW - Climate KW - Abundance KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Climate change KW - Developmental stages KW - Predators KW - Nests KW - Nesting KW - Population status KW - Endangered species KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Dermochelys coriacea KW - Food webs KW - Endangered Species KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864956469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Leatherback+nests+increasing+significantly+in+Florida%2C+USA%3B+trends+assessed+over+30+years+using+multilevel+modeling&rft.au=Stewart%2C+K%3BSims%2C+M%3BMeylan%2C+A%3BWitherington%2C+B%3BBrost%2C+B%3BCrowder%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Nesting; Climate change; Aquatic reptiles; Reproductive behaviour; Nests; Food webs; Endangered Species; Beaches; Data processing; Abundance; Climate; Population status; Developmental stages; Endangered species; Predators; Dermochelys coriacea; ASW, USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observation of magnetic fields generated by tsunamis AN - 864947451; 2011-040117 AB - Tsunamis produce perturbations in the Earth's magnetic field by electro-magnetic induction. Recent deployments of highly accurate magnetometers and the exceptionally deep solar minimum provided ideal conditions to observe these small signals from the tsunami resulting from the strong Chilean earthquake on 27 February 2010. Magnetic observatory measurements on Easter Island, 3500 kilometers west of the epicenter, show a periodic signal of 1 nanotesla, coincident in time with recordings from the local tide gauge. The detection of these magnetic signals represents a milestone in understanding tsunami-induced electromagnetic effects. JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Manoj, Chandrasekharan AU - Maus, Stefan AU - Chulliat, Arnaud Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 13 EP - 14 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - tsunamis KW - deep solar minimum KW - Chile earthquake 2010 KW - magnetic anomalies KW - Easter Island KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - magnetometers KW - magnetic field KW - variations KW - epicenters KW - earthquakes KW - electromagnetic induction KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864947451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Observation+of+magnetic+fields+generated+by+tsunamis&rft.au=Manoj%2C+Chandrasekharan%3BMaus%2C+Stefan%3BChulliat%2C+Arnaud&rft.aulast=Manoj&rft.aufirst=Chandrasekharan&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011EO020002 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chile earthquake 2010; deep solar minimum; earthquakes; East Pacific Ocean Islands; Easter Island; electromagnetic induction; epicenters; magnetic anomalies; magnetic field; magnetometers; tsunamis; variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO020002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Fuel Location and Distribution on Full-Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires AN - 861555460; 14306952 AB - An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of fuel location and distribution on full-scale underventilated compartment fires in an ISO 9705 room. Heptane fuel was burned in three different fuel distributions: single centered burner (SCB), single rear burner (SRB), and two distributed burner (TDB). It was experimentally observed that variations in fuel placement did not significantly affect the global steady state underventilated fire characteristics such as fuel mass loss rate, heat release rate, combustion efficiency, global equivalence ratio, and global CO emission outside the compartment for these simple distributions. Supplemental numerical simulations reveal that the local characteristics of thermal and chemical environments depend on the fuel placement between the front and rear region inside the compartment. At the front region, the local fire characteristics were nearly the same regardless of fuel placement. Changes in fuel location and distribution resulted in changes in temperature, total heat flux, CO sub(2), and CO volume fraction at the rear region. Burner placement led to changes in the mixture fraction, flow dynamics, and variations in CO production in the back of the compartment. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Hwang, Cheol-Hong AU - Lock, Andrew AU - Bundy, Matthew AU - Johnsson, Erik AU - Ko, Gwon Hyun AD - Department of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Daejeon University, 96-3, Yongun-Dong, Dong-Gu, Daejeon 300-716, South Korea, andrew.lock@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 21 EP - 52 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - compartment fire KW - underventilated fire KW - fuel distribution KW - ISO 9705 room KW - heptane. KW - Fires KW - Fuels KW - Temperature KW - Emissions KW - Simulation KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Heat transfer KW - Combustion KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861555460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Sea-ice+monitoring+over+the+Caspian+Sea+using+geostationary+satellite+data&rft.au=Temimi%2C+Marouane%3BRomanov%2C+Peter%3BGhedira%2C+Hosni%3BKhanbilvardi%2C+Reza%3BSmith%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Temimi&rft.aufirst=Marouane&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431160903578820 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Fuels; Emissions; Temperature; Simulation; Carbon dioxide; Combustion; Heat transfer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904110372119 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Summary of the 18th AMS Symposium on Education AN - 860394099; 14397537 JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society AU - Pandya, Rajul AU - Smith, David AU - Ackerman, Steven A AU - Brahma, Priti P AU - Charlevoix, Donna J AU - Foster, Susan Q AU - Gaertner, Volker Karl AU - Lee, Thomas F AU - Hayes, Marianne J AU - Mostek, Anthony AD - NOAA/NWS, Boulder, Colorado Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 61 EP - 64 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0007, 0003-0007 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Education KW - Conferences KW - Education symposia KW - American Meteorological Society KW - American Meteorological Society meetings KW - Symposium KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 7010:Education - extramural KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - Q2 09108:Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860394099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=A+Summary+of+the+18th+AMS+Symposium+on+Education&rft.au=Pandya%2C+Rajul%3BSmith%2C+David%3BAckerman%2C+Steven+A%3BBrahma%2C+Priti+P%3BCharlevoix%2C+Donna+J%3BFoster%2C+Susan+Q%3BGaertner%2C+Volker+Karl%3BLee%2C+Thomas+F%3BHayes%2C+Marianne+J%3BMostek%2C+Anthony&rft.aulast=Pandya&rft.aufirst=Rajul&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.issn=00030007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010BAMS2933.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Education; Conferences; Education symposia; American Meteorological Society; American Meteorological Society meetings; Symposium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS2933.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing risk of baleen whale hearing loss from seismic surveys: The effect of uncertainty and individual variation AN - 860382938; 14537512 AB - The potential for seismic airgun "shots" to cause acoustic trauma in marine mammals is poorly understood. There are just two empirical measurements of temporary threshold shift (TTS) onset levels from airgun-like sounds in odontocetes. Considering these limited data, a model was developed examining the impact of individual variability and uncertainty on risk assessment of baleen whale TTS from seismic surveys. In each of 100 simulations: 10000 "whales" are assigned TTS onset levels accounting for: inter-individual variation; uncertainty over the population's mean; and uncertainty over weighting of odontocete data to obtain baleen whale onset levels. Randomly distributed whales are exposed to one seismic survey passage with cumulative exposure level calculated. In the base scenario, 29% of whales (5th/95th percentiles of 10%/62%) approached to 1-1.2 km range were exposed to levels sufficient for TTS onset. By comparison, no whales are at risk outside 0.6 km when uncertainty and variability are not considered. Potentially "exposure altering" parameters (movement, avoidance, surfacing, and effective quiet) were also simulated. Until more research refines model inputs, the results suggest a reasonable likelihood that whales at a kilometer or more from seismic surveys could potentially be susceptible to TTS and demonstrate that the large impact uncertainty and variability can have on risk assessment. JF - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Gedamke, J AU - Gales, N AU - Frydman, S AD - Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, jason.gedamke@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 496 EP - 506 PB - Acoustical Society of America, Suite 1NO1 2 Huntington Quadrangle Melville NY 11747-4502 USA VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Risk assessment KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Acoustics KW - Simulation KW - Avoidance reactions KW - Hearing loss KW - Risks KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Odontoceti KW - whales KW - Models KW - Trauma KW - Marine mammals KW - marine mammals KW - Sound KW - Cetacea KW - Baleens KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 08376:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860382938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Assessing+risk+of+baleen+whale+hearing+loss+from+seismic+surveys%3A+The+effect+of+uncertainty+and+individual+variation&rft.au=Gedamke%2C+J%3BGales%2C+N%3BFrydman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gedamke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/10.1121%2F1.3493445 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Marine mammals; Avoidance reactions; Ecosystem disturbance; Risks; Baleens; Risk assessment; Data processing; Acoustics; Sound; Hearing loss; Trauma; Models; marine mammals; Simulation; whales; Cetacea; Odontoceti; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3493445 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oil spills and fish health: exposing the heart of the matter AN - 860382870; 14164391 AB - The chemical complexity of crude oil and its fuel products poses many important challenges for exposure science in marine ecosystems that support productive fisheries throughout the world. Meeting these challenges will enable better decisions on approaches to protecting and restoring these ecosystems. JF - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology AU - Incardona, John P AU - Collier, Tracy K AU - Scholz, Nathaniel L AD - Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 3 EP - 4 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1559-0631, 1559-0631 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Fuels KW - marine ecosystems KW - Crude oil KW - Fisheries KW - Fish KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Oil spills KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860382870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=U.S.+Data+Sources+on+the+Foreign+Born+and+Immigration&rft.au=Grieco%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BRytina%2C+Nancy+F&rft.aulast=Grieco&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Migration+Review&rft.issn=01979183&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1747-7379.2011.00874_4.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Fisheries; Marine ecosystems; Oil spills; marine ecosystems; Crude oil; Ecosystems; Fish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2010.51 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coral mass bleaching and reef temperatures at Navassa Island, 2006 AN - 860382736; 14366598 AB - Bleaching and associated mortality is an extreme threat to the persistence of coral populations in the projected warming regime of the next few decades. Recent evidence indicates that thermal bleaching thresholds may be affected by water quality gradients. The unexpected encounter of a coral mass bleaching event at a remote, uninhabited Caribbean island (Navassa) during a routine reef assessment cruise in November 2006 provided the opportunity to characterize bleaching responses and thermal exposure in an oceanic area with negligible continental influence or human impact on water quality. The coral taxa most susceptible to bleaching were Agaricia spp. and Montastraea faveolata. Siderastraea siderea, Diploria spp. and Porites porites were intermediately affected, while Porites astreoides and Montastraea cavernosa were minimally affected and negligible bleaching was observed in Acropora palmata. Bleaching prevalence (colonies > 4 cm diameter) ranged from 0.16 to 0.63 among sites. Deeper sites (between 18 and 37 m) had significantly higher prevalence of bleaching than shallow sites (<10 m). This general pattern of more bleaching in deeper sites also occurred within species. Though exposure to high-temperature stress was not greater at deeper sites, water motion, which may bolster bleaching resistance, was likely less. In situ loggers indicated temperatures over 30 degree C initiated at shallow sites in mid-August, at deeper sites in early September, and were persistent at all sites until mid-October. Long term (1983-2007) climatologies constructed from AVHRR SSTs suggest that the mass bleaching event observed at Navassa in 2006 corresponded with greater intensity and duration of warm temperature anomalies than occurred in 2005, for which no in situ observations (bleaching nor temperature) are available. JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Miller, M W AU - Piniak, G A AU - Williams, DE AD - NOAA-Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149, USA, margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 01 SP - 42 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Porites astreoides KW - water quality KW - Reefs KW - bleaching KW - Water quality KW - Human impact KW - Siderea KW - coral bleaching KW - Colonies KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Islands KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Agaricia KW - Corals KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Bleaching KW - Climate KW - Estuaries KW - Temperature KW - Brackish KW - Stress KW - Porites porites KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Navassa I. KW - Coral reefs KW - Diploria KW - Temperature anomalies KW - Montastraea faveolata KW - Montastraea cavernosa KW - Acropora palmata KW - Human factors KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860382736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.atitle=Coral+mass+bleaching+and+reef+temperatures+at+Navassa+Island%2C+2006&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+W%3BPiniak%2C+G+A%3BWilliams%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2010.10.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bleaching; Coral reefs; Estuaries; Climate; Ocean-atmosphere system; Temperature anomalies; Brackishwater environment; Water quality; Mortality causes; Temperature effects; Mortality; Reefs; Colonies; Islands; Stress; Corals; Human impact; water quality; coral bleaching; bleaching; Temperature; Human factors; Siderea; Porites astreoides; Diploria; Montastraea faveolata; Porites porites; Montastraea cavernosa; Agaricia; Acropora palmata; ASW, Caribbean Sea; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles, Navassa I.; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.10.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reconciling stock assessment and management scales under conditions of spatially varying catch histories AN - 860378954; 14360771 AB - Spatial homogeneity is the exception, not the rule, for many marine populations. Data limitations or biological knowledge gaps, though, often drive the assumption of limited stock structuring; the subsequent mismatch of model spatial scale and biological stock structure may compromise management goals. Spatial considerations thus remain a major challenge in providing managers with the best information for responsible and responsive management. This study uses simulation testing to offer a quantitative evaluation of spatial stock structure assumptions on the performance of stock assessments relative to management scales. Catch histories, not biological differences, are used to create stock structure. Simulation testing is based on an operating model of 'true' population states of nature that vary only in catch history across 9 regions. Stock assessments under various data scenarios are then performed on regions either as one aggregated assessment, or at finer area scales defined by zonal catch differences. The median absolute relative error of the terminal spawning biomass depletion is used as a performance statistic. One area stock assessments demonstrated low bias and high precision under all catch scenarios when stock structure is ignored, but perform poorly when applied to areas with differing regional catch histories. Separate area assessments grouped by zonal catch differences performed best under these circumstances, despite lower data quality, indicating the importance of identifying stock structure for management purposes. We suggest a focus on explicitly defining management units prior to conducting stock assessments with a concomitant resolve to increase data provisions at the resolution of management needs. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Cope, Jason M AU - Punt, Andre E AD - Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112-2097, United States, jason.cope@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 22 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Data processing KW - Fishery management KW - Stock assessment KW - Spawning KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860378954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Reconciling+stock+assessment+and+management+scales+under+conditions+of+spatially+varying+catch+histories&rft.au=Cope%2C+Jason+M%3BPunt%2C+Andre+E&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishery management; Stock assessment; Data processing; Spawning; Biomass; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.10.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between sea turtles and dredge gear in the U.S. sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery, 2001-2008 AN - 860378006; 14360783 AB - Since 2006, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has mandated gear modifications ("chain mats") and fishing effort reductions in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic sea scallop dredge fishery to alleviate or minimize interactions with sea turtles. Turtle interactions with gear can be defined as those that are "observable" based on standard fishery observer protocols, plus unobserved interactions, which include both quantifiable and unquantifiable interactions. Once a gear modification is in place, a turtle interaction that was once observable may become unobservable, because the gear modification successfully prevented the turtle from being captured. This paper describes turtle interactions in scallop dredge gear from 2001 to 2008, identifies gear and environmental correlates with observable interaction rates, and reports the average annual number of interactions and adult-equivalent interactions before and after chain mats were mandated in the fishery. Fisheries observer data were used to develop a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to estimate rates of observable interactions of hard-shelled turtles. These rates were applied to commercial dredge fishing effort to estimate the total number of observable interactions, and to infer the number of unobservable, yet quantifiable interactions after chain mats were implemented. Interaction rates of hard-shelled turtles were correlated with sea surface temperature, depth, and use of a chain mat. The average number of annual observable interactions of hard-shelled turtles in the Mid-Atlantic scallop dredge fishery prior to the implementation of chain mats (1 January 2001 through 25 September 2006) was estimated to be 288 turtles (CV=0.14, 95% CI: 209-363), which is equivalent to 49 adults. After implementation of chain mats, the average annual number of observable interactions was estimated to be 20 turtles (CV=0.48, 95% CI: 3-42), equivalent to 4 adults. If the rate of observable interactions from dredges without chain mats had been applied to trips with chain mats, the estimated number of observable and inferred interactions of hard-shelled species after chain mats were implemented would have been 125 turtles per year (CV=0.15, 95% CI: 88-163). Results from this analysis suggest that chain mats and fishing effort reductions contributed to the decline in estimated turtle interactions after 2006. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Murray, Kimberly T AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, Kimberly.Murray@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 137 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Scallop fisheries KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Fishing gear KW - Temperature KW - turtles KW - Models KW - Dredges KW - Commercial fishing KW - marine fisheries KW - Placopecten magellanicus KW - Fisheries KW - Depleted stocks KW - Fishing effort KW - fishing KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - Q4 27750:Environmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860378006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+sea+turtles+and+dredge+gear+in+the+U.S.+sea+scallop+%28Placopecten+magellanicus%29+fishery%2C+2001-2008&rft.au=Murray%2C+Kimberly+T&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Research+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fishres.2010.10.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Temperature effects; Commercial fishing; Scallop fisheries; Depleted stocks; Fishing gear; Aquatic reptiles; Fishing effort; Dredges; Data processing; Fisheries; Models; marine fisheries; Temperature; turtles; fishing; Placopecten magellanicus; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.10.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A practical guide to statistical methods for comparing means from two-stage sampling AN - 860377249; 14360788 AB - Two-staged sampling is the method of sampling populations that occur naturally in groups and is common in ecological field studies. This sampling method requires special statistical analyses that account for this sample structure. We present and compare several analytical methods for comparing means from two-stage sampling: (1) simple ANOVA ignoring sample structure, (2) unit means ANOVA, (3) Nested Mixed ANOVA, (4) restricted maximum likelihood (REML) Nested Mixed analysis, and (5) REML Nested Mixed analysis with heteroscedasticity. We consider a fisheries survey example where the independent sampling units are subsampled (i.e., hauls are the sampling unit and fish are subsampled from hauls). To evaluate the five analytical methods, we simulated 1000 samples of fish lengths subsampled from hauls in two regions with various levels of: (1) differences between the region means, (2) unbalance among numbers of hauls within regions and numbers of fish within hauls, and (3) heteroscedasticity. For each simulated sample, we tested for a difference in mean lengths between regions using each of the five methods. The inappropriate, simple ANOVA that ignored the sample structure resulted in grossly inflated Type I errors (rejecting a true null hypothesis of no difference in the means). We labeled this analysis the Pseudoreplication ANOVA based on the term "pseudoreplication" that describes the error of using a statistical analysis that assumes independence among observations when in fact the measurements are correlated. The result of this error is artificially inflated degrees of freedom, giving the illusion of having a more powerful test than the data support. The other four analyses performed well when the data were balanced and homoscedastic. When there were unequal numbers of fish per haul, the REML Nested Mixed analyses and the Unit Means ANOVA performed best. The Unequal-Variance REML Nested Mixed analysis showed clear benefit in the presence of heteroscedasticity and unbalance in hauls. For the REML Nested Mixed analysis, we compared three software packages, S-PLUS, SAS, and SYSTAT. A second simulation that compared samples with varying ratios of among-haul to among-fish variance components showed that the Pseudoreplication ANOVA was only appropriate when the haul effect yielded a p-value >0.50. JF - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) AU - Picquelle, Susan J AU - Mier, Kathryn L AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA, Kathy.Mier@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Fishery surveys KW - Fisheries KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Sampling KW - Testing Procedures KW - Data processing KW - Errors KW - Methodology KW - Analytical Methods KW - Fish KW - Fish Populations KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 0540:Properties of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860377249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.atitle=A+VAD-Based+Dealiasing+Method+for+Radar+Velocity+Data+Quality+Control&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qin%3BNai%2C+Kang%3BWei%2C+Li%3BZhang%2C+Pengfei%3BLiu%2C+Shun%3BParrish%2C+David&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Qin&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+and+Oceanic+Technology&rft.issn=07390572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010JTECHA1444.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Fishery surveys; Sampling; Methodology; software; Statistics; Data processing; Statistical analysis; Testing Procedures; Analytical Methods; Fisheries; Statistical Analysis; Fish; Fish Populations; Errors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare detections of North Pacific right whales in the Gulf of Alaska, with observations of their potential prey AN - 858424437; 14409216 AB - The North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica was heavily exploited throughout the Gulf of Alaska by both historical whaling and 1960s illegal Soviet catches. It is now extremely rare in this region (2 sightings between 1966 and 2003 and passive acoustic detections on 6 days out of 80 months of recordings at 7 locations). From 2004 to 2006, 4 sightings of right whales occurred in the Barnabus Trough region on Albatross Bank, south of Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA. Sightings of right whales occurred at locations within the trough with the highest density of zooplankton, as measured by active acoustic backscatter. Net trawls through a high-density demersal layer (~150 to 175 m) revealed large numbers of euphausiids and oil-rich C5-stage copepods. Photo-identification and genotyping of 2 whales failed to reveal a match to Bering Sea right whales. Fecal hormone metabolite analysis from 1 whale estimated levels consistent with an immature male, indicating either recent reproduction in the Gulf of Alaska or movements between the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Large numbers of historic catches of right whales occurred in pelagic waters of the Gulf of Alaska, but there have been few recent detections in deep water. Given that there is no other location in the Gulf of Alaska where right whales have been repeatedly seen post-exploitation, the Barnabus Trough/Albatross Bank area represents important habitat for the relict population of North Pacific right whales in the Gulf of Alaska, and a portion of this area was designated as critical habitat under the US Endangered Species Act in 2006. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Wade, PR AU - De Robertis, A AU - Hough, K R AU - Booth, R AU - Kennedy, A AU - LeDuc, R G AU - Munger, L AU - Napp, J AU - Shelden, KEW AU - Rankin, S AU - Vasquez, O AU - Wilson, C AD - Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA, paul.wade@noaa.gov paul.wade@noaa.gov paul.wade@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 99 EP - 109 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Food organisms KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I. KW - exploitation KW - Metabolites KW - Hormones KW - Eubalaena japonica KW - whales KW - Deep water KW - Islands KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Fishery surveys KW - Copepoda KW - Prey KW - Whaling KW - Biological surveys KW - Marine KW - Plankton surveys KW - catches KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Marine birds KW - Backscatter KW - Acoustics KW - Genotyping KW - Stock assessment KW - Zooplankton KW - prey KW - Sonar detection KW - Habitat KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - Marine mammals KW - Endangered species KW - Reproduction KW - Cetacea KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25020:Territory, Reproduction and Sociality KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08372:Geographical distribution KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/858424437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Rare+detections+of+North+Pacific+right+whales+in+the+Gulf+of+Alaska%2C+with+observations+of+their+potential+prey&rft.au=Wade%2C+PR%3BDe+Robertis%2C+A%3BHough%2C+K+R%3BBooth%2C+R%3BKennedy%2C+A%3BLeDuc%2C+R+G%3BMunger%2C+L%3BNapp%2C+J%3BShelden%2C+KEW%3BRankin%2C+S%3BVasquez%2C+O%3BWilson%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00324 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Plankton surveys; Food organisms; Marine birds; Backscatter; Zooplankton; Stock assessment; Sonar detection; Hormones; Deep water; Fishery surveys; Marine mammals; Whaling; Endangered Species; Islands; Acoustics; Genotyping; Endangered species; Metabolites; Reproduction; Habitat; Prey; Historical account; Fecal coliforms; catches; prey; exploitation; whales; Copepoda; Cetacea; Eubalaena japonica; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific; INE, USA, Alaska, Kodiak I.; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00324 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Winter Circulation Anomalies in the Western United States Associated with Antecedent and Decadal ENSO Variability AN - 856786236; 14308892 JF - Earth Interactions AU - Brown, David P AD - NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Fort Worth, Texas Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 1087-3562, 1087-3562 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - ENSO KW - PDO KW - Western United States KW - Variability KW - Climate change KW - Winter circulation anomalies KW - Winter KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event variability KW - El Nino events KW - El Nino KW - Ridging KW - I, Pacific KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Climatology KW - Coasts KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Marine KW - Climates KW - Precipitation KW - Pacific Decadal Oscillation KW - Southern Oscillation KW - IW, Pacific KW - USA KW - El Nino-Southern Oscillation event KW - High Pressure KW - Future climates KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856786236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Interactions&rft.atitle=Winter+Circulation+Anomalies+in+the+Western+United+States+Associated+with+Antecedent+and+Decadal+ENSO+Variability&rft.au=Brown%2C+David+P&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Interactions&rft.issn=1561073X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - El Nino; Climate change; Ocean-atmosphere system; Winter; El Nino phenomena; Southern Oscillation; El Nino events; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event variability; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event; Winter circulation anomalies; Climatology; Seasonal variability; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Future climates; Variability; Ridging; Climates; High Pressure; Precipitation; Coasts; USA; IW, Pacific; I, Pacific; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI334.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of resistance and reactance in fish with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis: sources of error AN - 856779038; 14385076 AB - New technologies can be riddled with unforeseen sources of error, jeopardizing the validity and application of their advancement. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a new technology in fisheries research that is capable of estimating proximate composition, condition, and energy content in fish quickly, cheaply, and (after calibration) without the need to sacrifice fish. Before BIA can be widely accepted in fisheries science, it is necessary to identify sources of error and determine a means to minimize potential errors with this analysis. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to identify sources of errors within BIA measurements. We concluded that electrode needle location, procedure deviations, user experience, time after death, and temperature can affect resistance and reactance measurements. Sensitivity analyses showed that errors in predictive estimates of composition can be large (>50%) when these errors are experienced. Adherence to a strict protocol can help avoid these sources of error and provide BIA estimates that are both accurate and precise in a field or laboratory setting. JF - Fishery Bulletin AU - Cox, M K AU - Heintz, R AU - Hartman, K AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 11305 Glacier Hwy Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA, Keith.Cox@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 34 EP - 47 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0656, 0090-0656 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Mortality KW - Impedance KW - Laboratory testing KW - Temperature KW - fishery sciences KW - Fishery biology KW - Potential resources KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Electrodes KW - Economics KW - Fish KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - O 5090:Instruments/Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856779038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fishery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Measurements+of+resistance+and+reactance+in+fish+with+the+use+of+bioelectrical+impedance+analysis%3A+sources+of+error&rft.au=Cox%2C+M+K%3BHeintz%2C+R%3BHartman%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fishery+Bulletin&rft.issn=00900656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Impedance; Potential resources; Fishery biology; Mortality; Laboratory testing; sensitivity analysis; Economics; Electrodes; Temperature; fishery sciences; Fish; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of ASTM E 2187 for Measuring the Ignition Propensity of Conventional Cigarettes AN - 855719925; 14167894 AB - Current existing and proposed US flammability standards for soft furnishings such as mattresses and upholstered furniture specify a "standard" cigarette as the ignition source in smoldering resistance performance tests. With the increasing prevalence of reduced ignition propensity cigarettes in the marketplace, the conventional cigarette that has been most widely used in smolder resistance testing is no longer in production. To support manufacturers and testing organizations in product design and testing, and to assist regulators in the compliance evaluation process, a continuing supply of standard conventional cigarettes is required. A key first step in establishing such a supply is the development of a measurement method for quantifying the ignition propensity of a standard cigarette similar to the one currently used for testing soft furnishings. This article describes such a measurement method. It also reports performance data for the conventional test cigarette and other contemporary cigarettes. JF - Fire Technology AU - Gann, Richard G AU - Hnetkovsky, Edward J AD - Fire Research Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8664, USA, rggann@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Cigarettes KW - Compliance KW - Flammability KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855719925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Modification+of+ASTM+E+2187+for+Measuring+the+Ignition+Propensity+of+Conventional+Cigarettes&rft.au=Gann%2C+Richard+G%3BHnetkovsky%2C+Edward+J&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-009-0120-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Cigarettes; Compliance; Flammability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-009-0120-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enticing Arsonists with Broken Windows and Social Disorder AN - 855717656; 14167899 AB - In criminology, it is well understood that indicators of urban decay, such as abandoned buildings littered with broken windows, provide criminals with signals identifying neighborhoods with lower crime detection and apprehension rates than better maintained neighborhoods. Whether it is the resident population's sense of apathy, lack of civic pride, or fear of confrontation that causes criminals to perceive an easy mark, it nevertheless emboldens them to strike. Previous research of wildland arson hints that broken windows (e.g., areas of criminal activity) are partly responsible for arson outbreaks within the wildland-urban interface. We model the incidence of wildland and non-wildland arson ignitions in Michigan from 2001 to 2005 as a function of constructed Broken Windows indices. Our results suggest that crime prevention and urban revitalization programs may be as valuable as fire suppression, fuels management, and law enforcement in limiting incidence and the damage from both wildland and non-wildland arson. JF - Fire Technology AU - Thomas, Douglas S AU - Butry, David T AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P AD - Office of Applied Economics, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA, david.butry@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 255 EP - 273 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - crime KW - Fuels KW - prevention KW - law enforcement KW - outbreaks KW - Buildings KW - Urban areas KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855717656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Enticing+Arsonists+with+Broken+Windows+and+Social+Disorder&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Douglas+S%3BButry%2C+David+T%3BPrestemon%2C+Jeffrey+P&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-010-0145-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Fuels; crime; prevention; law enforcement; outbreaks; Buildings; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-010-0145-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires AN - 855717359; 14167901 AB - The NFPA 2001 standard on the use of clean agents for the suppression of fires arose from the phase-out of Halon 1301. Standard methods exists for specifying the amount of clean agent required for Class A and Class B fires, but the recommendation for Class C fires (those involving energized electrical equipment) defaults to the Class A values. While this may be appropriate for some Class C fires, there is concern that higher agent concentration may be necessary if energy is added to the fire by the electrical source. A number of test methods have been proposed to determine the amount of agent required to suppress fires in energized electrical equipment; however, there has been no broad agreement on a test method to include in NFPA 2001 for Class C fires. Further, some of the test methods suggest that the current recommended total flooding concentration is sufficient, while others suggest that higher concentrations may be necessary for some fires. This report reviews the role of energy augmentation in the suppression of fires over condensed phase materials. A test protocol is suggested which can quantify the effects of added energy on the suppression process. JF - Fire Technology AU - Linteris, Gregory T AD - Fire Research Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA, linteris@nist.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - Jan 2011 SP - 1 EP - 68 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Reviews KW - electrical equipment KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855717359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Clean+Agent+Suppression+of+Energized+Electrical+Equipment+Fires&rft.au=Linteris%2C+Gregory+T&rft.aulast=Linteris&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-009-0109-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Reviews; electrical equipment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-009-0109-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal properties of high-volume fly ash mortars and concretes AN - 855710325; 14170783 AB - As sustainability moves to the forefront of construction, the utilization of high-volume fly ash concrete mixtures to reduce CO2 emissions and cement consumption per unit volume of concrete placed is receiving renewed interest. Concrete mixtures in which the fly ash replaces 50% or more of the Portland cement are both economically and technically viable. This article focuses on a characterization of the thermal properties, namely, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, of such mixtures. Both the raw materials and the finished products (mortars and concretes) are evaluated using a transient plane source method. Because the specimens being examined are well hydrated, estimates of the specific heat capacity based on a law of mixtures, with a 'bound water' specific heat capacity value being employed for the water in the mixture, provide reasonable predictions of the measured performance. As with most materials, thermal conductivity is found to be a function of density, while also being dependent on whether the aggregate source is siliceous or limestone. The measured values should provide a useful database for evaluating the thermal performance of high-volume fly ash concrete structures. JF - Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science AU - Bentz, D P AU - Peltz, MA AU - Duran-Herrera, A AU - Valdez, P AU - Juarez, CA AD - Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8615, USA, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8615, USA. Academic Group on Concrete Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Academic Group on Concrete Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Academic Group on Concrete Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, dale.bentz@nist.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 263 EP - 275 PB - Sage Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 1097-1963, 1097-1963 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Limestone KW - Cement KW - thermal conductivity KW - specific heat KW - Emissions KW - Fly ash KW - raw materials KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Concrete KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855710325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.atitle=Thermal+properties+of+high-volume+fly+ash+mortars+and+concretes&rft.au=Bentz%2C+D+P%3BPeltz%2C+MA%3BDuran-Herrera%2C+A%3BValdez%2C+P%3BJuarez%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.issn=10971963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Limestone; Cement; thermal conductivity; specific heat; Emissions; raw materials; Fly ash; Carbon dioxide; Concrete; Sustainability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential Effects of Dams on Migratory Fish in the Mekong River: Lessons from Salmon in the Fraser and Columbia Rivers AN - 853486248; 14168038 AB - We compared the effects of water resource development on migratory fish in two North American rivers using a descriptive approach based on four high-level indicators: (1) trends in abundance of Pacific salmon, (2) reliance on artificial production to maintain fisheries, (3) proportion of adult salmon that are wild- versus hatchery-origin, and (4) number of salmon populations needing federal protection to avoid extinction. The two rivers had similar biological and physical features but radically different levels of water resource development: the Fraser River has few dams and all are located in tributaries, whereas the Columbia River has more than 130 large mainstem and tributary dams. Not surprisingly, we found substantial effects of development on salmon in the Columbia River. We related the results to potential effects on migratory fish in the Mekong River where nearly 200 mainstem and tributary dams are installed, under construction, or planned and could have profound effects on its 135 migratory fish species. Impacts will vary with dam location due to differential fish production within the basin, with overall effects likely being greatest from 11 proposed mainstem dams. Minimizing impacts will require decades to design specialized fish passage facilities, dam operations, and artificial production, and is complicated by the Mekong's high diversity and productivity. Prompt action is needed by governments and fisheries managers to plan Mekong water resource development wisely to prevent impacts to the world's most productive inland fisheries, and food security and employment opportunities for millions of people in the region. JF - Environmental Management AU - Ferguson, John W AU - Healey, Michael AU - Dugan, Patrick AU - Barlow, Chris AD - NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA, john.w.ferguson@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 141 EP - 159 PB - Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Ave. New York NY 10010 USA VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine fisheries KW - Anadromous species KW - Abundance KW - Basins KW - Water resources KW - food security KW - Freshwater KW - Canada, British Columbia, Fraser R. KW - Water Resources Development KW - Fishery management KW - Water resources development KW - Salmonidae KW - Tributaries KW - Dam Effects KW - Salmon KW - Rivers KW - North America KW - Extinction KW - Recruitment KW - Migratory Fish KW - salmon KW - Fish KW - Resource development KW - Asia, Mekong R. KW - inland fisheries KW - abundance KW - Food KW - Fish Passages KW - INE, USA, Columbia Estuary KW - Dams KW - Fisheries KW - IN, Pacific KW - Marine KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q1 08421:Migrations and rhythms KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853486248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+the+mosquito+control+insecticide+phenothrin+to+three+life+stages+of+the+grass+shrimp+%28Palaemonetes+pugio%29&rft.au=Key%2C+Peter+B%3BChung%2C+Katy+W%3BHoguet%2C+Jennifer%3BSapozhnikova%2C+Yelena%3BDelorenzo%2C+Marie+E&rft.aulast=Key&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F03601234.2011.572519 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Marine fisheries; Fishery management; Dams; Migratory Fish; Anadromous species; Water resources; Resource development; Tributaries; Extinction; Food; Abundance; Fisheries; Recruitment; Basins; Water resources development; salmon; food security; Fish; inland fisheries; abundance; Salmon; Fish Passages; Water Resources Development; Dam Effects; Salmonidae; North America; INE, USA, Columbia Estuary; IN, Pacific; Canada, British Columbia, Fraser R.; Asia, Mekong R.; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9563-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The boreal spring variability of the Intra-Americas low-level jet and its relation with precipitation and tornadoes in the eastern United States AN - 853483845; 14168019 AB - The Intra-Americas Sea (IAS) low-level jet has been studied mainly for the summer and winter seasons. In contrast, spring conditions have been studied less. Here we analyze the boreal spring variability of the IAS low-level jet (IA-LLJ) and its relation with precipitation and tornadic activity in the region of the lower Mississippi, Tennessee and Ohio River basins (MORB). The main mode of variability of the spring IA-LLJ is obtained from a combined principal component analysis of zonal and meridional winds at 925-hPa. The first empirical orthogonal function of the IA-LLJ is a strengthening of the climatological flow with stronger easterlies in the Caribbean and stronger southeasterlies in the Gulf of Mexico. This first mode of variability of the IA-LLJ is related mainly to the Pacific North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern as the PNA modulates the pressure in the southeast region of the U.S. Consequently, there is an increase in precipitation over the MORB region as the moisture fluxes associated with the IA-LLJ increase. Tornadic activity in nine states spanning the MORB region is also significantly related to the IA-LLJ and the PNA index for March, in addition to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the Nino indexes. Among the environmental factors that influence tornadic activity are southwesterly wind shear, dry transients at the mid-troposphere, moist transients at low levels, and an increase in convective available potential energy (CAPE). The decadal shifts in MORB precipitation and tornado activity appear to be related to the decadal shift of the IA-LLJ. JF - Climate Dynamics AU - Munoz, Ernesto AU - Enfield, David AD - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA, ernesto.munoz@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 247 EP - 259 PB - Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3 Berlin 14197 Germany VL - 36 IS - 1-2 SN - 0930-7575, 0930-7575 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Variability KW - River Basins KW - Tornadoes KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - USA, Kentucky, Ohio R. basin KW - Empirical orthogonal functions KW - Freshwater KW - Gulfs KW - Environmental factors KW - Potential energy KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Low-level jet stream KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Wind variability KW - Wind KW - Teleconnections KW - Marine KW - Wind shear KW - Climates KW - River basins KW - Precipitation KW - Pacific Decadal Oscillation KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Tennessee KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853483845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Dynamics&rft.atitle=The+boreal+spring+variability+of+the+Intra-Americas+low-level+jet+and+its+relation+with+precipitation+and+tornadoes+in+the+eastern+United+States&rft.au=Munoz%2C+Ernesto%3BEnfield%2C+David&rft.aulast=Munoz&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climate+Dynamics&rft.issn=09307575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00382-009-0688-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind shear; Tornadoes; Ocean-atmosphere system; River basins; Environmental factors; Teleconnections; Potential energy; Low-level jet stream; Empirical orthogonal functions; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Wind variability; River Basins; Variability; Principal Component Analysis; Climates; Gulfs; Wind; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA, Tennessee; ASW, Caribbean Sea; ASW, USA, Mississippi; USA, Kentucky, Ohio R. basin; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0688-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dependence of daily peak O sub(3) concentrations near Houston, Texas on environmental factors: Wind speed, temperature, and boundary-layer depth AN - 851468801; 14043133 AB - Airborne and surface measurements of ozone (O sub(3)) during the Texas Air Quality Study campaigns in 2000 and 2006 (TexAQS 2000 and TexAQS 2006) were used to investigate the relationship between maximum daily O sub(3) and the vector-averaged wind speed , calculated from radar wind profiler data, in the lower atmospheric boundary layer (BL). Both the maximum daily O sub(3) and the peak "add-on" O sub(3) contribution (calculated as the maximum minus the background values) from the Houston area showed a strong correlation (r~0.7-0.9) with both the reciprocal of this wind speed super(-1), and the wind speed itself. Data from airborne platforms produced higher correlations in general than surface-measured values. Except for special cases where O sub(3) was measured close to source activity in a location where the BL depth h was suppressed, peak daily ozone concentrations were not strongly correlated with h, and attempts to include 1/h dependence with super(-1) degraded the correlations--indicating that in general, h was not a strong predictor for maximum daily O sub(3). Inclusion of daily maximum temperature in the regression analysis also failed to improve the correlations significantly. The high correlations for wind speed thus showed that was the meteorological variable most strongly associated with peak daily O sub(3) concentrations. The best-fit regression line of peak daily O sub(3) vs. for the 2000 data lay above the line for 2006 for wind speeds less than 5 m s super(-1), the difference increasing as the wind speeds weakened. This six-year decrease in O sub(3) concentrations for the weakest-wind, most polluted days suggests that control strategies implemented between 2000 and 2006 may be producing beneficial effects, especially on the most polluted days. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Banta, Robert M AU - Senff, Christoph J AU - Alvarez, Raul J AU - Langford, Andrew O AU - Parrish, David D AU - Trainer, Michael K AU - Darby, Lisa S AU - Hardesty, Michael, R AU - Lambeth, Bryan AU - Andrew Neuman, J AU - Angevine, Wayne M AU - Nielsen-Gammon, John AU - Sandberg, Scott P AU - White, Allen B AD - Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA, robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov robert.banta@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 162 EP - 173 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Regression Analysis KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Boundary Layers KW - Correlations KW - Air quality KW - Wind speed KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - Ozone concentration KW - Meteorology KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - USA, Texas, Houston KW - Wind KW - Ozone KW - environmental factors KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Temperature KW - Velocity KW - profilers KW - Radar KW - USA, Texas KW - Radar wind profiler KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/851468801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+daily+peak+O+sub%283%29+concentrations+near+Houston%2C+Texas+on+environmental+factors%3A+Wind+speed%2C+temperature%2C+and+boundary-layer+depth&rft.au=Banta%2C+Robert+M%3BSenff%2C+Christoph+J%3BAlvarez%2C+Raul+J%3BLangford%2C+Andrew+O%3BParrish%2C+David+D%3BTrainer%2C+Michael+K%3BDarby%2C+Lisa+S%3BHardesty%2C+Michael%2C+R%3BLambeth%2C+Bryan%3BAndrew+Neuman%2C+J%3BAngevine%2C+Wayne+M%3BNielsen-Gammon%2C+John%3BSandberg%2C+Scott+P%3BWhite%2C+Allen+B&rft.aulast=Banta&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2010.09.030 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Ozone in troposphere; Atmospheric pollution; Correlations; Ozone concentration; Air quality; Atmospheric boundary layer; Radar wind profiler; Ozone; environmental factors; Pollution monitoring; profilers; Radar; Temperature; Velocity; Meteorology; Regression Analysis; Boundary Layers; Wind; USA, Texas; USA, Texas, Houston DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of environmentally-relevant levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate on clinical parameters and immunological functions in B6C3F1 mice. AN - 850564098; 21261439 AB - In the first part of a series of studies to account for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-induced sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody suppression in mice, a survey of clinical and immunotoxicological endpoints was examined. Adult female B₆C₃F₁ mice were exposed orally for 28 days to a total administered dose (TAD) of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg PFOS/kg. Uterus wet weight was significantly decreased compared with control at the 5 mg/kg dose. No indications of wasting syndrome, malnutrition, alteration of thyroid homeostasis, or signs of overt toxicity were observed. Numbers of splenic CD19+/CD21⁻, CD19+/CD21+, B220+/CD40+, CD4+/CD154⁻, CD4+/CD154+, and MHC-II+ cells were not altered. Additionally, ex vivo interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-6 production by in vitro anti-CD3- or phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated CD4+ T-cells was not affected. Ex vivo IL-6 production by B-cells was significantly increased by in vitro stimulation with either anti-CD40 or lipopolysaccharide. Increased IL-6 production by B-cells was the most sensitive endpoint assessed resulting in alterations at the lowest dose tested (0.1 mg/kg TAD) following anti-CD40 stimulation. Further studies are required to characterize effects on inflammatory markers such as IL-6 at environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOS and to determine the key events associated with PFOS-induced IgM suppression to address potential human health risks. JF - Journal of immunotoxicology AU - Fair, Patricia A AU - Driscoll, Erin AU - Mollenhauer, Meagan A M AU - Bradshaw, Sarah G AU - Yun, Se Hun AU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam AU - Bossart, Gregory D AU - Keil, Deborah E AU - Peden-Adams, Margie M AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA. PY - 2011 SP - 17 EP - 29 VL - 8 IS - 1 KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Fluorocarbons KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - perfluorooctane sulfonic acid KW - 9H2MAI21CL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Thyroid Hormones -- blood KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD -- immunology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Fluorocarbons -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids -- toxicity KW - Immunoglobulin M -- immunology KW - Fluorocarbons -- toxicity KW - B-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - B-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Immunoglobulin M -- blood KW - Fluorocarbons -- blood KW - Interleukin-6 -- immunology KW - Alkanesulfonic Acids -- blood KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/850564098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunotoxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+environmentally-relevant+levels+of+perfluorooctane+sulfonate+on+clinical+parameters+and+immunological+functions+in+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Fair%2C+Patricia+A%3BDriscoll%2C+Erin%3BMollenhauer%2C+Meagan+A+M%3BBradshaw%2C+Sarah+G%3BYun%2C+Se+Hun%3BKannan%2C+Kurunthachalam%3BBossart%2C+Gregory+D%3BKeil%2C+Deborah+E%3BPeden-Adams%2C+Margie+M&rft.aulast=Fair&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunotoxicology&rft.issn=1547-6901&rft_id=info:doi/10.3109%2F1547691X.2010.527868 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2011-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicology. 2008 Jan 20;243(3):330-9 [18063289] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Mar;102(1):3-14 [18003598] J Immunotoxicol. 2008 Jan;5(1):23-31 [18382855] Toxicol Sci. 2008 May;103(1):77-85 [18252804] Environ Health Perspect. 2008 May;116(5):644-50 [18470313] Immunobiology. 2008;213(5):409-15 [18472049] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Jul;104(1):144-54 [18359764] Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Jul 1;42(13):4989-95 [18678038] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Sep;105(1):86-96 [18559402] Toxicol Sci. 2008 Oct;105(2):312-21 [18583369] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2008;71(23):1516-25 [18923994] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2009;39(1):76-94 [18802816] Toxicol Sci. 2009 Mar;108(1):110-23 [19141786] Toxicol Sci. 2009 Apr;108(2):367-76 [19196829] Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Jun;27(3-4):307-18 [19071210] Toxicol Sci. 2009 May;109(1):106-12 [19240040] Toxicology. 2009 Jun 16;260(1-3):68-76 [19464571] Arch Toxicol. 2009 Jul;83(7):679-89 [19015834] Int Immunopharmacol. 2002 Feb;2(2-3):389-97 [11811941] Arch Toxicol. 2002 Jan;75(11-12):635-42 [11876496] J Immunol. 2002 Mar 15;168(6):2795-802 [11884448] Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Apr 1;36(7):146A-152A [11999053] Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 May 15;63(10):1893-900 [12034374] Blood. 2002 Jul 1;100(1):217-23 [12070030] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jul;68(1):249-64 [12075127] Toxicology. 2002 Jul 15;176(3):175-85 [12093614] J Immunol. 2002 Dec 15;169(12):6806-12 [12471112] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2002;32(6):445-520 [12487363] Toxicology. 2003 Feb 1;183(1-3):117-31 [12504346] J Immunol. 2003 Mar 15;170(6):3099-108 [12626566] J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Mar;45(3):260-70 [12661183] Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2003 Jun-Aug;14(3-4):297-309 [12787567] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):382-92 [12773772] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):369-81 [12773773] Immunology. 2003 Sep;110(1):131-40 [12941150] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Sep;111(12):1485-9 [12948888] J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):5707-17 [14634078] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Dec;111(16):1892-901 [14644663] Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2003 Dec;68(6):465-71 [14745980] Chemosphere. 2005 Mar;58(11):1471-96 [15694468] Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May;113(5):539-45 [15866760] Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Sep 1;39(17):6591-8 [16190216] Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Dec 1;39(23):9101-8 [16382930] Toxicol Lett. 2006 Jun 20;164(1):81-9 [16384669] Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):476-89 [16731579] Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Aug 15;40(16):4943-8 [16955890] Environ Res. 2007 Feb;103(2):176-84 [16893538] Toxicology. 2009 Aug 21;262(3):207-14 [19540903] Arch Toxicol. 2009 Sep;83(9):805-15 [19343326] Environ Toxicol. 2009 Dec;24(6):580-8 [19051282] J Toxicol Sci. 2009 Dec;34(6):687-91 [19952504] J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 5;274(45):32048-54 [10542237] Eur J Immunol. 1999 Dec;29(12):3855-66 [10601993] J Neuroimmunol. 2000 Oct 2;110(1-2):161-7 [11024546] Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Nov;122(2):219-26 [11091278] Z Rheumatol. 2000;59 Suppl 2:II/62-4 [11155806] Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Jan;58(1):4-43 [11229815] J Immunol. 2004 May 1;172(9):5790-8 [15100326] J Biomed Sci. 2004 Jul-Aug;11(4):426-38 [15153777] Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jul;80(1):151-60 [15071170] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2004 Jul-Aug;34(4):351-84 [15328768] Immunology. 2004 Oct;113(2):187-93 [15379979] Am J Vet Res. 1981 Nov;42(11):2016-21 [7337299] Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1983 May;103(1):76-80 [6602445] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Dec;4(6):972-6 [6519377] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1988 Jan;10(1):2-19 [3280374] Ann Hematol. 1991 Jun;62(6):203-10 [1854882] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Feb;18(2):200-10 [1534777] Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1992;14(4):925-38 [1294628] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Jul;21(1):71-82 [8365588] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;135(2):287-98 [8545839] J Immunol. 1996 Aug 15;157(4):1440-7 [8759724] Immunity. 1997 Feb;6(2):107-18 [9047233] Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:111-35 [9597126] Int Immunol. 1999 Jan;11(1):71-9 [10050675] Toxicology. 1999 Mar 1;133(1):59-72 [10413194] J Immunol. 1999 Aug 1;163(3):1123-7 [10415005] Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Apr 1;35(7):1339-42 [11348064] Int J Toxicol. 2001 Mar-Apr;20(2):101-9 [11354466] Immunity. 2001 Jul;15(1):23-34 [11485735] Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Aug 1;35(15):3065-70 [11505980] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109(8):785-94 [11564613] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109(8):821-6 [11564618] Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Oct 15;62(8):1133-40 [11597582] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jan;110(1):85-93 [11781169] Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Apr 1;41(7):2237-42 [17438769] Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007 May;212(1):63-70 [17464105] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Jul;70(13):1130-41 [17558808] Toxicol Sci. 2007 Aug;98(2):589-98 [17504768] Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Sep;115(9):1298-305 [17805419] Toxicol Sci. 2007 Oct;99(2):366-94 [17519394] Toxicol Sci. 2007 Dec;100(2):328-32 [17878151] Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Nov;115(11):1596-602 [18007991] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1547691X.2010.527868 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The tissue residue approach for toxicity assessment: findings and critical reviews from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pellston Workshop. AN - 821199396; 21184566 AB - Over the past few years, the "critical body residue" approach for assessing toxicity based on bioaccumulated chemicals has evolved into a more expansive consideration of tissue residues as the dose metric when defining dose-response relationships, evaluating mixtures, developing protective guidelines, and conducting risk assessments. Hence, scientists refer to "tissue residue approach for toxicity assessment" or "tissue residue-effects approach" (TRA) when addressing ecotoxicology issues pertaining to tissue (or internal) concentrations. This introduction provides an overview of a SETAC Pellston Workshop held in 2007 to review the state of the science for using tissue residues as the dose metric in environmental toxicology. The key findings of the workshop are presented, along with recommendations for research to enhance understanding of toxic responses within and between species, and to advance the use of the TRA in assessment and management of chemicals in the environment. Copyright © 2010 SETAC. JF - Integrated environmental assessment and management AU - Meador, James P AU - Adams, William J AU - Escher, Beate I AU - McCarty, Lynn S AU - McElroy, Anne E AU - Sappington, Keith G AD - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA. james.meador@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 2 EP - 6 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ecotoxicology -- trends KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/821199396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrated+environmental+assessment+and+management&rft.atitle=The+tissue+residue+approach+for+toxicity+assessment%3A+findings+and+critical+reviews+from+a+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+Pellston+Workshop.&rft.au=Meador%2C+James+P%3BAdams%2C+William+J%3BEscher%2C+Beate+I%3BMcCarty%2C+Lynn+S%3BMcElroy%2C+Anne+E%3BSappington%2C+Keith+G&rft.aulast=Meador&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Integrated+environmental+assessment+and+management&rft.issn=1551-3793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JB007738 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2010-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2011 Apr;7(2):310 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.133 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First principles phase diagram calculations for oxides and nitrides AN - 1863568832; 2017-007214 JF - Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft AU - Adjaoud, O AU - Steinle-Neumann, G AU - Burton, B P AU - van de Walle, A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 72 PB - E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart VL - 2011 SN - 0935-123X, 0935-123X KW - cluster expansion KW - phase equilibria KW - phase diagrams KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - oxides KW - mathematical models KW - free energy KW - alloys KW - nitrides KW - thermodynamic properties KW - 01A:General mineralogy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1863568832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berichte+der+Deutschen+Mineralogischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=First+principles+phase+diagram+calculations+for+oxides+and+nitrides&rft.au=Adjaoud%2C+O%3BSteinle-Neumann%2C+G%3BBurton%2C+B+P%3Bvan+de+Walle%2C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Adjaoud&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Berichte+der+Deutschen+Mineralogischen+Gesellschaft&rft.issn=0935123X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.dmg-home.org/fileadmin/Konferenzen/JointMeeting2011_Abstracts.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Joint meeting; 19. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Kristallographie; 89. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft; Jahrestagung der Oesterreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft (MinPet 2011) N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-02 N1 - CODEN - FMRLAL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alloys; cluster expansion; free energy; mathematical models; Monte Carlo analysis; nitrides; oxides; phase diagrams; phase equilibria; statistical analysis; thermodynamic properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparisons of geoid models over Alaska computed with different Stokes' kernel modifications AN - 1832668156; 777959-5 AB - Various Stokes kernel modification methods have been developed over the years. The goal of this paper is to test the most commonly used Stokes kernel modifications numerically by using Alaska as a test area and EGM08 as a reference model. The tests show that some methods are more sensitive than others to the integration cap sizes. For instance, using the methods of Vanicek and Kleusberg or Featherstone et al. with kernel modification at degree 60, the geoid decreases by 30 cm (on average) when the cap size increases from 1 degrees to 25 degrees . The corresponding changes in the methods of Wong and Gore and Heck and Grueninger are only at the 1 cm level. At high modification degrees, above 360, the methods of Vanicek and Kleusberg and Featherstone et al become unstable because of numerical problems in the modification coefficients; similar conclusions have been reported by Featherstone (2003). In contrast, the methods of Wong and Gore, Heck and Grueninger and the least-squares spectral combination are stable at any modification degree, though they do not provide as good fit as the best case of the Molodenskii-type methods at the GPS/Leveling benchmarks. However, certain tests for choosing the cap size and modification degree have to be performed in advance to avoid abrupt mean geoid changes if the latter methods are applied. JF - Journal of Geodetic Science AU - Li, X AU - Wang, Y Y1 - 2011/01/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 01 SP - 136 EP - 142 PB - De Gruyter Open, Warsaw VL - 1 IS - 2 KW - United States KW - Global Positioning System KW - Earth KW - numerical models KW - statistical analysis KW - standard deviation KW - leveling KW - geodesy KW - gravity anomalies KW - stochastic processes KW - Navier-Stokes equations KW - Alaska KW - geoid KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832668156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.atitle=Comparisons+of+geoid+models+over+Alaska+computed+with+different+Stokes%27+kernel+modifications&rft.au=Li%2C+X%3BWang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.issn=2081-9943&rft_id=info:doi/10.2478%2Fv10156-010-0016-1 L2 - http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jogs LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin, Germany N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; Earth; geodesy; geoid; Global Positioning System; gravity anomalies; leveling; Navier-Stokes equations; numerical models; standard deviation; statistical analysis; stochastic processes; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-010-0016-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precise computation of the direct and indirect topographic effects of Helmert's 2 (super nd) method of condensation using SRTM30 digital elevation model AN - 1832658702; 777961-2 AB - The direct topographic effect (DTE) and indirect topographic effect (ITE) of Helmert's 2 (super nd) method of condensation are computed using the digital elevation model (DEM) SRTM30 in 30 arc-seconds globally. The computations assume a constant density of the topographic masses. Closed formulas are used in the inner zone of half degree, and Nagy's formulas are used in the innermost column to treat the singularity of integrals. To speed up the computations, 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform (1D FFT) is applied in outer zone computations. The computation accuracy is limited to 0.1 mGal and 0.1cm for the direct and indirect effect, respectively. The mean value and standard deviation of the DTE are -0.8 and + or -7.6 mGal over land areas. The extreme value -274.3 mGal is located at latitude -13.579 degrees and longitude 289.496 degrees , at the height of 1426 meter in the Andes Mountains. The ITE is negative everywhere and has its minimum of -235.9 cm at the peak of Himalayas (8685 meter). The standard deviation and mean value over land areas are + or -15.6 cm and -6.4 cm, respectively. Because the Stokes kernel does not contain the zero and first degree spherical harmonics, the mean value of the ITE can't be compensated through the remove-restore procedure under the Stokes-Helmert scheme, and careful treatment of the mean value in the ITE is required. JF - Journal of Geodetic Science AU - Wang, Y Y1 - 2011/01/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 01 SP - 305 EP - 312 PB - De Gruyter Open, Warsaw VL - 1 IS - 4 KW - Andes KW - Earth KW - data processing KW - mathematical models KW - geodesy KW - digital terrain models KW - spherical harmonic analysis KW - fast Fourier transforms KW - South America KW - topography KW - Fourier analysis KW - Himalayas KW - Asia KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832658702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.atitle=Precise+computation+of+the+direct+and+indirect+topographic+effects+of+Helmert%27s+2+%28super+nd%29+method+of+condensation+using+SRTM30+digital+elevation+model&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geodetic+Science&rft.issn=2081-9943&rft_id=info:doi/10.2478%2Fv10156-011-0009-8 L2 - http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jogs LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin, Germany N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Andes; Asia; data processing; digital terrain models; Earth; fast Fourier transforms; Fourier analysis; geodesy; Himalayas; mathematical models; South America; spherical harmonic analysis; topography DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0009-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for hydrothermal activity in the Woodlark Basin, an arc-influenced oceanic spreading center AN - 1832631654; 690864-63 JF - Abstract Volume (Geological Association of Canada) AU - Leybourne, M I AU - de Ronde, C E J AU - Baker, E T AU - Massoth, G J AU - Lupton, J AU - Ishibashi, J I AU - Walker, S AU - Areulus, R AU - McInnes, B I A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 120 PB - Geological Association of Canada, Waterloo, ON VL - 34 SN - 1716-6098, 1716-6098 KW - plumes KW - Woodlark Basin KW - Southwest Pacific KW - hydrothermal vents KW - solutes KW - segmentation KW - subduction KW - South Pacific KW - West Pacific KW - hydrothermal conditions KW - San Cristobal Trench KW - plate tectonics KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - submarine environment KW - sea-floor spreading KW - ocean floors KW - spreading centers KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832631654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstract+Volume+%28Geological+Association+of+Canada%29&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+hydrothermal+activity+in+the+Woodlark+Basin%2C+an+arc-influenced+oceanic+spreading+center&rft.au=Leybourne%2C+M+I%3Bde+Ronde%2C+C+E+J%3BBaker%2C+E+T%3BMassoth%2C+G+J%3BLupton%2C+J%3BIshibashi%2C+J+I%3BWalker%2C+S%3BAreulus%2C+R%3BMcInnes%2C+B+I+A&rft.aulast=Leybourne&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstract+Volume+%28Geological+Association+of+Canada%29&rft.issn=17166098&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.gac.ca/activities/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - PubXState - ON N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrothermal conditions; hydrothermal vents; marine environment; ocean floors; Pacific Ocean; plate tectonics; plumes; San Cristobal Trench; sea-floor spreading; segmentation; solutes; South Pacific; Southwest Pacific; spreading centers; subduction; submarine environment; West Pacific; Woodlark Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - External Tests of Scope and Embedding in Stated Preference Choice Experiments: An Application to Endangered Species Valuation AN - 1777126156; 14244332 AB - A criticism often levied against stated preference (SP) valuation results is that they sometimes do not display sensitivity to differences in the magnitude or scope of the good being valued. In this study, we test the sensitivity of preferences for several proposed expanded protection programs that would protect up to three US Endangered Species Act-listed species: the Puget Sound Chinook salmon, the smalltooth sawfish, and the Hawaiian monk seal. An external scope test is employed via a split-sample SP choice experiment survey to evaluate whether there is a significant difference in willingness to pay (WTP) for protecting more species and/or achieving greater improvements in the status of the species. The majority of 46 scope tests indicate sensitivity to scope, and the pattern of scope test failures is consistent with diminishing marginal utility with respect to the amount of protection to each species. Further tests suggest WTP may be proportional to the number of species valued. JF - Environmental & Resource Economics AU - Lew, Daniel K AU - Wallmo, Kristy AD - Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0924-6460, 0924-6460 KW - Materials Business File (MB); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Salmon KW - Economics KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Sound KW - Failure KW - Endangered species KW - Seals KW - Utilities KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777126156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=External+Tests+of+Scope+and+Embedding+in+Stated+Preference+Choice+Experiments%3A+An+Application+to+Endangered+Species+Valuation&rft.au=Lew%2C+Daniel+K%3BWallmo%2C+Kristy&rft.aulast=Lew&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=09246460&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10640-010-9394-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9394-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel applications of carbon isotopes in atmospheric CO (sub 2) ; what can atmospheric measurements teach us about processes in the biosphere? AN - 1739084649; 2015-115889 AB - Conventionally, measurements of carbon isotopes in atmospheric CO (sub 2) (delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) ) have been used to partition fluxes between terrestrial and ocean carbon pools. However, novel analytical approaches combined with an increase in the spatial extent and frequency of delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) measurements allow us to conduct a global analysis of delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) variability to infer the isotopic composition of source CO (sub 2) to the atmosphere (delta (sub s) ). This global analysis yields coherent seasonal patterns of isotopic enrichment. Our results indicate that seasonal values of delta (sub s) are more highly correlated with vapor pressure deficit (r=0.404) than relative humidity (r=0.149). We then evaluate two widely used stomatal conductance models and determine that the Leuning Model, which is primarily driven by vapor pressure deficit is more effective globally at predicting delta (sub s) (RMSE=1.6 per mil) than the Ball-Woodrow-Berry model, which is driven by relative humidity (RMSE=2.7 per mil). Thus stomatal conductance on a global scale may be more sensitive to changes in vapor pressure deficit than relative humidity. This approach highlights a new application of using delta (super 13) CO (sub 2) measurements to validate global models. JF - Biogeosciences AU - Ballantyne, Ashley P AU - Miller, J B AU - Baker, I T AU - Tans, P P AU - White, J W C Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 3093 EP - 3106 PB - Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Union, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 8 IS - 10 SN - 1726-4170, 1726-4170 KW - United States KW - terrestrial environment KW - isotopes KW - water vapor KW - Leuning model KW - ecosystems KW - troposphere KW - vegetation KW - nonpoint sources KW - stable isotopes KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ball-Woodrow-Berry model KW - stomata KW - transport KW - carbon KW - Niwot Ridge Colorado KW - pressure KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - statistical analysis KW - biomes KW - atmosphere KW - Weld County Colorado KW - boundary conditions KW - geochemical cycle KW - correlation coefficient KW - humidity KW - atmospheric transport KW - biosphere KW - C-13 KW - seasonal variations KW - carbon cycle KW - Colorado KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1739084649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=Novel+applications+of+carbon+isotopes+in+atmospheric+CO+%28sub+2%29+%3B+what+can+atmospheric+measurements+teach+us+about+processes+in+the+biosphere%3F&rft.au=Ballantyne%2C+Ashley+P%3BMiller%2C+J+B%3BBaker%2C+I+T%3BTans%2C+P+P%3BWhite%2C+J+W+C&rft.aulast=Ballantyne&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeosciences&rft.issn=17264170&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.biogeosciences.net/8/3093/2011/bg-8-3093-2011.pdf http://www.biogeosciences.net LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes supplement, http://www.biogeosciences.net/8/3093/2011/bg-8-3093-2011-supplement.pdf; part of special issue no. 87, Stable isotopes and biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, edited by Bahn, M., Buchmann, N., and Knohl, A., http://www.biogeosciences.net/special_issue87.html; published in Biogeosciences Discussion: 12 May 2011, http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/8/4603/2011/bgd-8-4603-2011.html; accessed in Oct., 2012 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; atmospheric transport; Ball-Woodrow-Berry model; biomes; biosphere; boundary conditions; C-13; C-13/C-12; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; Colorado; correlation coefficient; ecosystems; geochemical cycle; humidity; isotope ratios; isotopes; land use; Leuning model; Niwot Ridge Colorado; nonpoint sources; pressure; seasonal variations; stable isotopes; statistical analysis; stomata; terrestrial environment; transport; troposphere; United States; vegetation; water vapor; Weld County Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea-ice monitoring over the Caspian Sea using geostationary satellite data AN - 1689590717; 2015-053113 JF - International Journal of Remote Sensing AU - Temimi, Marouane AU - Romanov, Peter AU - Ghedira, Hosni AU - Khanbilvardi, Reza AU - Smith, Kim Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 1575 EP - 1593 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0143-1161, 0143-1161 KW - imagery KW - sea water KW - monitoring KW - sea ice KW - statistical analysis KW - mapping KW - satellite methods KW - correlation coefficient KW - Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System KW - ice KW - Caspian Sea KW - neural networks KW - algorithms KW - remote sensing KW - MODIS KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1689590717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Sea-ice+monitoring+over+the+Caspian+Sea+using+geostationary+satellite+data&rft.au=Temimi%2C+Marouane%3BRomanov%2C+Peter%3BGhedira%2C+Hosni%3BKhanbilvardi%2C+Reza%3BSmith%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Temimi&rft.aufirst=Marouane&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=01431161&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01431160903578820 L2 - http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01431161.asp LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; Caspian Sea; correlation coefficient; ice; imagery; Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System; mapping; MODIS; monitoring; neural networks; remote sensing; satellite methods; sea ice; sea water; statistical analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160903578820 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature and sunlight controls of mercury oxidation and deposition atop the Greenland ice sheet AN - 1686061797; 2015-050199 AB - We conducted the first ever mercury speciation measurements atop the Greenland ice sheet at Summit Station (Latitude 72.6 degrees N, Longitude 38.5 degrees W, Altitude 3200 m) in the Spring and Summer of 2007 and 2008. These measurements were part of the collaborative Greenland Summit Halogen-HO (sub x) experiment (GSHOX) campaigns investigating the importance of halogen chemistry in this remote environment. Significant levels of BrO (1-5 pptv) in the near surface air were often accompanied by diurnal dips in gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), and in-situ production of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). While halogen (i.e. Br) chemistry is normally associated with marine boundary layers, at Summit, Greenland, far from any marine source, we have conclusively detected bromine and mercury chemistry in the near surface air. The likely fate of the formed mercury-bromine radical (HgBr) is further oxidation to stable RGM (HgBr (sub 2) , HgBrOH, HgBrCl...), or thermal decomposition. These fates appear to be controlled by the availability of Br, OH, Cl, etc. to produce RGM (Hg(II)), versus the lifetime of HgBr by thermal dissociation. At Summit, the production of RGM appears to require a sun elevation angle of >5 degrees, and an air temperature of >-15 degrees C. Possibly the availability of Br, controlled by photolysis J(Br (sub 2) ), requires a sun angle >5 degrees, while the formation of RGM from HgBr requires a temperature >-15 degrees C. A portion of the deposited RGM is readily photoreduced and re-emitted to the air as GEM. However, a very small fraction becomes buried at depth. Extrapolating core samples from Summit to the entire Greenland ice sheet, we calculate an estimated net annual sequestration of approximately 13 metric tons Hg per year, buried long-term under the sunlit photoreduction zone. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Brooks, Steve Barron AU - Moore, C AU - Lew, Daniel AU - Lefer, B AU - Huey, G AU - Tanner, D Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 8295 EP - 8306 PB - Copernicus, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 11 IS - 16 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - bromine monoxide KW - halogens KW - Greenland ice sheet KW - climate change KW - temperature KW - Greenland KW - ozone KW - chemical reactions KW - snow KW - climate effects KW - particulate materials KW - diurnal variations KW - geochemistry KW - mercury KW - chlorine KW - extrapolation KW - Summit Greenland KW - gaseous phase KW - Arctic region KW - oxidation KW - statistical analysis KW - photochemistry KW - atmosphere KW - bromine KW - correlation coefficient KW - deposition KW - photolysis KW - metals KW - solar radiation KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686061797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Asian+dust+in+California+orographic+precipitation&rft.au=Ault%2C+Andrew+P%3BWilliams%2C+Christopher+R%3BWhite%2C+Allen+B%3BNeiman%2C+Paul+J%3BCreamean%2C+Jessie+M%3BGaston%2C+Cassandra+J%3BRalph%2C+F+Martin%3BPrather%2C+Kimberly+A&rft.aulast=Ault&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD015351 L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/8295/2011/acp-11-8295-2011.pdf http://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 56 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Part of special issue no. 211, Radical chemistry over sunlit snow; interactions between HOx and halogen chemistry at Summit, Greenland, edited by Dibb, J., et al., http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue211.html; published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion: 1 February 2011, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/3663/2011/acpd-11-3663-2011.html ; accessed in Dec., 2012 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; atmosphere; bromine; bromine monoxide; chemical reactions; chlorine; climate change; climate effects; correlation coefficient; deposition; diurnal variations; extrapolation; gaseous phase; geochemistry; Greenland; Greenland ice sheet; halogens; mercury; metals; oxidation; ozone; particulate materials; photochemistry; photolysis; snow; solar radiation; statistical analysis; Summit Greenland; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic ice sheet divide AN - 1676578631; 2015-036852 AB - We sampled interstitial air from the perennial snowpack (firn) at a site near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS-D) and analyzed the air samples for a wide variety of gas species and their isotopes. We find limited convective influence (1.4-5.2 m, depending on detection method) in the shallow firn, gravitational enrichment of heavy species throughout the diffusive column in general agreement with theoretical expectations, a approximately 10 m thick lock-in zone beginning at approximately 67 m, and a total firn thickness consistent with predictions of Kaspers et al. (2004). Our modeling work shows that the air has an age spread (spectral width) of 4.8 yr for CO (sub 2) at the firn-ice transition. We also find that advection of firn air due to the 22 cm yr (super -1) ice-equivalent accumulation rate has a minor impact on firn air composition, causing changes that are comparable to other modeling uncertainties and intrinsic sample variability. Furthermore, estimates of Delta age (the gas age/ice age difference) at WAIS-D appear to be largely unaffected by bubble closure above the lock-in zone. Within the lock-in zone, small gas species and their isotopes show evidence of size-dependent fractionation due to permeation through the ice lattice with a size threshold of 0.36 nm, as at other sites. We also see an unequivocal and unprecedented signal of oxygen isotope fractionation within the lock-in zone, which we interpret as the mass-dependent expression of a size-dependent fractionation process. JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Battle, M O AU - Severinghaus, J P AU - Sofen, Eric D AU - Plotkin, D AU - Orsi, A J AU - Aydin, M AU - Montzka, S A AU - Sowers, T AU - Tans, P P Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 11007 EP - 11021 PB - Copernicus, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 11 IS - 21 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - isotope fractionation KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - stable isotopes KW - temperature KW - nitrogen KW - carbon dioxide KW - modern KW - transport KW - noble gases KW - neon KW - ice KW - movement KW - age KW - West Antarctic ice sheet KW - composition KW - absolute age KW - velocity KW - thickness KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Ar/Ar KW - concentration KW - ice cores KW - methane KW - firn KW - nitrous oxide KW - bubbles KW - N-15 KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - depth KW - South Pole KW - size KW - gases KW - Antarctic ice sheet KW - organic compounds KW - Antarctica KW - atmospheric transport KW - O-18 KW - hydrocarbons KW - atmospheric pressure KW - Siple Dome KW - air KW - permeability KW - Marie Byrd Land KW - chemical fractionation KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1676578631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Summer+blooms+of+diatom-diazotroph+assemblages+and+surface+chlorophyll+in+the+North+Pacific+gyre%3B+a+disconnect&rft.au=Villareal%2C+Tracy+A%3BAdornato%2C+Lori%3BWilson%2C+Cara%3BSchoenbaechler%2C+Caimee+A&rft.aulast=Villareal&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JC006268 L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/11007/2011/acp-11-11007-2011.pdf http://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; age; air; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Antarctic ice sheet; Antarctica; Ar/Ar; atmospheric pressure; atmospheric transport; bubbles; carbon dioxide; chemical fractionation; composition; concentration; depth; firn; gases; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons; ice; ice cores; isotope fractionation; isotopes; Marie Byrd Land; methane; modern; movement; N-15; neon; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; noble gases; O-18; organic compounds; oxygen; permeability; porosity; Siple Dome; size; South Pole; stable isotopes; temperature; thickness; transport; velocity; West Antarctic ice sheet ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tributyltin and the obesogen metabolic syndrome in a salmonid AN - 1671535460; 14361555 AB - We conducted a dietary feeding study with juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to assess the potential for tributyltin (TBT) to elicit the obesogen response that has been described for mammals. The results show increases in whole-body lipid content, which is consistent with the obesogen response; however, we also observed associated parameters that were dissimilar. We found increases in body mass and alterations to several physiological parameters at doses between 0.4 and 3.5ng/g fish/day (1.4-12pmol/g fish/day) and reduced body mass at the highest dose after 55 days of exposure. Lipid related plasma parameters (plasma triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and lipase) exhibited monotonic increases over all doses while other values (glucose and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)) exhibited increases only for the low-dose treatments. The increases noted for several parameters in fish were opposite to those reported for the obesogen metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a reduction in serum glucose, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. This is the first report of growth stimulation resulting from low-dose exposure to this pesticide, which is an unusual response for any animal exposed to an organic or organometallic xenobiotic. Because a number of environmental contaminants act as metabolic disruptors at very low doses, these results are noteworthy for a variety of species. Intuitively, enhanced growth and lipid storage may appear beneficial; however, for salmonids there are numerous potentially negative consequences for populations. a-[ordm The obesogen metabolic syndrome was studied in juvenile salmon exposed to tributyltin. a-[ordm TBT enhanced lipid content, body mass and altered plasma lipids, enzymes, and IGF. a-[ordm Growth was inhibited at high doses resulting in a hormetic dose-response pattern. a-[ordm Many of the obesogen results are opposite to those shown for mammals. a-[ordm Toxicant enhanced growth may not be advantageous for juvenile fish. JF - Environmental Research AU - Meador, James P AU - Sommers, Frank C AU - Cooper, Kathleen A AU - Yanagida, Gladys AD - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 50 EP - 56 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Metabolic disruptor KW - Obesogen KW - Tributyltin KW - Plasma chemistry KW - Hormesis KW - Fish growth KW - Lipids KW - Salmon KW - Mammals KW - Exposure KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Fish KW - Salmonids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671535460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Tributyltin+and+the+obesogen+metabolic+syndrome+in+a+salmonid&rft.au=Meador%2C+James+P%3BSommers%2C+Frank+C%3BCooper%2C+Kathleen+A%3BYanagida%2C+Gladys&rft.aulast=Meador&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2010.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I AN - 1641012956; 2015-000431 AB - This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional comparisons to Angstroem exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr (super -1) and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr (super -1) . JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AU - Huneeus, Nicolas AU - Schulz, Michael AU - Balkanski, Y AU - Griesfeller, J AU - Prospero, J AU - Kinne, S AU - Bauer, S AU - Boucher, O AU - Chin, Mian AU - Dentener, Frank AU - Diehl, T AU - Easter, R AU - Fillmore, D AU - Ghan, S AU - Ginoux, P AU - Grini, A AU - Horowitz, Larry AU - Koch, Dorothy AU - Krol, M C AU - Landing, W AU - Liu, Xiaohong AU - Mahowald, N AU - Miller, R AU - Morcrette, J J AU - Myhre, G AU - Penner, J AU - Perlwitz, J AU - Stier, P AU - Takemura, Toshihiko AU - Zender, C S Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 7781 EP - 7816 PB - Copernicus, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 11 IS - 15 SN - 1680-7316, 1680-7316 KW - Southern Ocean KW - iron KW - carbon dioxide KW - spatial distribution KW - transport KW - sediments KW - climate effects KW - porphyrins KW - concentration KW - numerical models KW - clastic sediments KW - pigments KW - biochemistry KW - global KW - chlorophyll KW - nutrients KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - deposition KW - atmospheric transport KW - metals KW - dust KW - solar radiation KW - aerosols KW - seasonal variations KW - wind transport KW - optical depth KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1641012956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=Global+dust+model+intercomparison+in+AeroCom+phase+I&rft.au=Huneeus%2C+Nicolas%3BSchulz%2C+Michael%3BBalkanski%2C+Y%3BGriesfeller%2C+J%3BProspero%2C+J%3BKinne%2C+S%3BBauer%2C+S%3BBoucher%2C+O%3BChin%2C+Mian%3BDentener%2C+Frank%3BDiehl%2C+T%3BEaster%2C+R%3BFillmore%2C+D%3BGhan%2C+S%3BGinoux%2C+P%3BGrini%2C+A%3BHorowitz%2C+Larry%3BKoch%2C+Dorothy%3BKrol%2C+M+C%3BLanding%2C+W%3BLiu%2C+Xiaohong%3BMahowald%2C+N%3BMiller%2C+R%3BMorcrette%2C+J+J%3BMyhre%2C+G%3BPenner%2C+J%3BPerlwitz%2C+J%3BStier%2C+P%3BTakemura%2C+Toshihiko%3BZender%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Huneeus&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=7781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.issn=16807316&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/7781/2011/acp-11-7781-2011.pdf http://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/home.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 99 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes supplement, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/7781/2011/acp-11-7781-2011-supplement. pdf; published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion: 12 October 2010, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/23781/2010/acpd-10-23781-2010. html; accessed in Dec. 2012 N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Atlantic Ocean; atmospheric transport; biochemistry; carbon dioxide; chlorophyll; clastic sediments; climate effects; concentration; deposition; dust; global; iron; metals; models; numerical models; nutrients; optical depth; organic compounds; pigments; porphyrins; seasonal variations; sediments; solar radiation; Southern Ocean; spatial distribution; transport; wind transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Financial flows to developing and advanced countries: determinants and implications AN - 1531923296; 2011-613136 AB - Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to establish a model to study the determinants of financial flows, portfolio and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, and the impact of these determinants on economic variables in samples of developing and advanced countries. The analysis then turns to an evaluation of the effects of external flows on economic activity. Design/methodology/approach -- To that end, the paper follows a two-step procedure. First, the paper estimates a series of reduced-form equations in differenced form, using annual data, for the current and the financial account balances as well as important underlying components, using a number of macroeconomic indicators reflecting the state of the business cycle as explanatory variables. These include not only a measure of economic growth, but also other factors that vary cyclically, such as the exchange rate and energy prices. In addition, the paper examines the effect of positive and negative shocks to these and other cyclical variables on components of the balance of payments. Second, the results are summarized in three directions. First, cross-country correlations evaluate time-series co-movements between the current account balance and external flows with respect to major determinants of cyclicality across the samples of advanced and developing countries. Second, time-series regressions evaluate the direct effects of financial flows on the current account balance within the samples of developing and advanced countries. Third, cross-country regressions evaluate the impact of movements in trend and variability of financial flows on major economic indicators across the samples of developing and advanced countries. Findings -- The results are summarized in three directions. Across the samples of advanced and developing countries, the pervasive evidence highlights the negative correlation between the responses of the current account balance and the financial balance with respect to the various sources of cyclicality in the time-series model. Second, using time-series regressions the bulk of the evidence indicates that an increase in financial flows helps finance a widening current account deficit. Third, cross-country regressions evaluate the impact of movements in trend and variability of financial flows on major economic indicators across the samples of developing and advanced countries. While FDI flows appear significant in differentiating growth performance within and across developing countries, their effects appear to be limited on growth performance in advanced countries. Portfolio flows are more relevant, compared to FDI flows, to financing a wider current account deficit, both in developing and advanced countries. Originality/value -- Overall, the evidence presented in this paper establishes the importance of financial flows to external balances and macroeconomic performance within and across the samples of developing and advanced countries. In light of this evidence, macroeconomic policies should target a combination of external balances that can be easily financed by external inflows and align domestic policies to achieve the desired cyclicality in external balances, available financing, and macroeconomic performance. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Development Issues AU - Kandil, Magda AD - International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, USA Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, Cairo, Egypt Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 60 EP - 91 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., Bingley, UK VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1446-8956, 1446-8956 KW - Banking and public and private finance - Investments and securities KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic theory KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic research KW - Banking and public and private finance - International banking and finance and financial institutions KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic conditions KW - Business and service sector - Business finance KW - Economic conditions and policy - Economic policy, planning, and development KW - Balance of payments International investments Developing countries Industrial countries Macroeconomics KW - Economic indicators KW - Finance KW - Prices KW - Foreign exchange rates KW - Foreign investments KW - Economic policy KW - Economic development KW - Balance of payments KW - Macroeconomics KW - Business cycles KW - Developing countries KW - article UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1531923296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apais&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Development+Issues&rft.atitle=Financial+flows+to+developing+and+advanced+countries%3A+determinants+and+implications&rft.au=Kandil%2C+Magda&rft.aulast=Kandil&rft.aufirst=Magda&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Development+Issues&rft.issn=14468956&rft_id=info:doi/10.1108%2F14468951111123337 L2 - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1446-8956 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foreign investments; Developing countries; Macroeconomics; Economic indicators; Foreign exchange rates; Business cycles; Balance of payments; Finance; Prices; Economic development; Economic policy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14468951111123337 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Seismic and ground deformation patterns at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos, Ecuador AN - 1438970276; 2013-074324 JF - AGU Chapman conference on the Galapagos as a laboratory for the earth sciences AU - Ruiz Paspuel, Andres G AU - Ruiz, Mario AU - Geist, Dennis AU - Chadwick, William AU - Richards, Mark A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC KW - Global Positioning System KW - shallow-focus earthquakes KW - magmatism KW - Cerro Azul KW - East Pacific Ocean Islands KW - deformation KW - Sierra Negra KW - calderas KW - volcanic features KW - Canal Bolivar KW - Galapagos Islands KW - seismicity KW - volcanism KW - magmas KW - volcanoes KW - volcanic earthquakes KW - earthquakes KW - magma chambers KW - faults KW - 24:Quaternary geology KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1438970276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ruiz+Paspuel%2C+Andres+G%3BRuiz%2C+Mario%3BGeist%2C+Dennis%3BChadwick%2C+William%3BRichards%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Ruiz+Paspuel&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Seismic+and+ground+deformation+patterns+at+Sierra+Negra+Volcano%2C+Galapagos%2C+Ecuador&rft.title=Seismic+and+ground+deformation+patterns+at+Sierra+Negra+Volcano%2C+Galapagos%2C+Ecuador&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on the Galapagos as a laboratory for the earth sciences N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spring-neap tidal effects on satellite ocean color observations in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea AN - 1429841388; 2013-068517 AB - Eight-year ocean color observations between 2002 and 2009 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite are used to quantitatively assess the spring-neap tidal effects on variability of ocean optical and biogeochemical properties in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. We demonstrate that spring-neap tidal variation is one of important ocean processes that drive both the synoptic-scale and mesoscale changes of the ocean optical, biological, and biogeochemical properties in the coastal region. Normalized water-leaving radiance spectra (nL (sub w) (lambda )), water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K (sub d) (490)), and total suspended matter (TSM) concentration show significant spring-neap variations in the coastal region within a lunar cycle of 29.53 days. In the open ocean, however, spring-neap tidal effects on ocean color data are negligible. The entire areal coverage of the turbid waters (K (sub d) (490) > 0.3 m (super -1) ) showing significant spring-neap tidal variations is approximately 4-5 X 10 (super 5) km (super 2) . Similar coverage of moderately turbid waters (0.1 < K (sub d) (490) < or = 0.3 m (super -1) ) is also impacted by the spring-neap tides. The magnitude of the spring-neap tidal effects on the variations of the satellite ocean color properties, e.g., K (sub d) (490) and TSM, is in the same order as the seasonal variations in the coastal region. Highest K (sub d) (490) and largest turbid water coverage lag the new moon (or full moon) about 2-3 days, while the lowest K (sub d) (490) and smallest turbid water coverage are also approximately 2-3 days behind the one-quarter (or three-quarter) moon. This is attributed to the seawater inertia and the friction against the seabed as well as the sediment resuspension process. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Shi, Wei AU - Wang, Menghua AU - Jiang, Lide Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C12032 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Yellow Sea KW - currents KW - East China Sea KW - Bohai Sea KW - ocean circulation KW - biochemistry KW - satellite methods KW - ocean currents KW - West Pacific KW - tides KW - optical properties KW - North Pacific KW - color KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Northwest Pacific KW - remote sensing KW - productivity KW - MODIS KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429841388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Spring-neap+tidal+effects+on+satellite+ocean+color+observations+in+the+Bohai+Sea%2C+Yellow+Sea%2C+and+East+China+Sea&rft.au=Shi%2C+Wei%3BWang%2C+Menghua%3BJiang%2C+Lide&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007234 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; Bohai Sea; color; currents; East China Sea; MODIS; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; optical properties; Pacific Ocean; productivity; remote sensing; satellite methods; tides; West Pacific; Yellow Sea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007234 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model-data study of the 1999 St. Lawrence Island polynya in the Bering Sea AN - 1429840075; 2013-068503 AB - A Coupled Ice Ocean Model (CIOM) and in situ measurements were used to investigate sea ice and the St. Lawrence Island polynya (SLIP) in the Bering Sea in 1999. The modeled 1999 seasonal cycle of ice cover compared well with satellite measurements. The simulated maximum sea ice coverage was approximately 0.8 X 10 (super 6) km (super 2) , and the simulated maximum sea ice volume was approximately 344 km (super 3) . The polynya south of St. Lawrence Island was captured by the CIOM and investigated in depth against the measurements. It was found that an offshore wind was necessary, but not sufficient on its own, for the development of the SLIP. It was found that a strong offshore wind, offshore surface water velocity, and the angle (<60 degrees ) between wind and water current are the three major factors for the development of the SLIP. Multiple-variable, linear regression models were developed to confirm these three mechanisms. Yearly potential sea ice production in the SLIP area was estimated to be about 95.7 km (super 3) , which accounts for 2.8% of the total potential production of 3393 km (super 3) in the whole Bering Sea. Sea ice contributes to approximately 63% of winter salinity changes in the Bering Shelf (<200 m), while the SLIP can contribute more than twice the local salinity changes. The relationships among wind, sea ice, and surface ocean current were examined. The classic Ekman drift theory (that surface water velocity drifts 45 degrees to the right of the wind direction) is modified to be 50.4 degrees on the ice-covered Bering Shelf due to the year-round existence of a background northward ocean transport. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Hu, Haoguo AU - Wang, Jia AU - Wang, Daoru Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C12018 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - numerical models KW - ice cover thickness KW - sea ice KW - Bering Sea KW - ice cover KW - polynyas KW - salinity KW - Saint Lawrence Island KW - temperature KW - models KW - North Pacific KW - ice KW - Pacific Ocean KW - seasonal variations KW - ice cover distribution KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429840075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+model-data+study+of+the+1999+St.+Lawrence+Island+polynya+in+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Hu%2C+Haoguo%3BWang%2C+Jia%3BWang%2C+Daoru&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Haoguo&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007309 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bering Sea; ice; ice cover; ice cover distribution; ice cover thickness; models; North Pacific; numerical models; Pacific Ocean; polynyas; Saint Lawrence Island; salinity; sea ice; seasonal variations; temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007309 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On ocean and sea ice modes of variability in the Bering Sea AN - 1429839883; 2013-068519 AB - Results from a 35 year hindcast of northeast Pacific Ocean conditions are confronted with observational data collected over the Bering Sea shelf within the integration time period. Rotary power spectra of the hindcast currents near NOAA mooring site M2 site fall within the 95% confidence bounds for the observational spectra, except for a high bias in the counter-clockwise rotating component at 10 m depth in the high frequencies (periods <24 h). The model exhibits the most skill in reproducing anomalies of the integrated annual sea ice concentration and monthly subsurface (60 m depth) temperature fields, accounting for 85% and 50% of their observed variability. Analysis of the integrated ice concentration time series reveals evolution in the mean duration of ice-free waters (40 year trend of +6.8 days/decade) and changes in this parameter's variance with time. Correlation and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses reveal the primary temporal-spatial patterns of variability in the temperature and salinity fields over the Bering Sea and northern Gulf of Alaska for near-surface (0-20 m) and subsurface (40-100 m) depth layers. Correlation analysis between the EOF principal components and various climate index and observed time series shows that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and the Bering Sea annually integrated ice area anomalies are important indices of thermohaline variability; the spatial structures of these modes give insight to their potential impacts upon the ecosystem. We identify a number of ecologically and economically important species whose temporal variability is significantly correlated with the identified spatial patterns. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Danielson, Seth AU - Curchitser, Enrique AU - Hedstrom, Kate AU - Weingartner, Thomas AU - Stabeno, Phyllis Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C12034 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - monthly variations KW - sea ice KW - Bering Sea KW - ice cover KW - salinity KW - ocean currents KW - temperature KW - thermohaline circulation KW - North Pacific KW - ice KW - Pacific Ocean KW - ice cover distribution KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429839883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+model-data+study+of+the+1999+St.+Lawrence+Island+polynya+in+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Hu%2C+Haoguo%3BWang%2C+Jia%3BWang%2C+Daoru&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Haoguo&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007309 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bering Sea; currents; ice; ice cover; ice cover distribution; monthly variations; North Pacific; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Pacific Ocean; salinity; sea ice; temperature; thermohaline circulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007389 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of the North Atlantic ocean circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow in a high resolution global coupled climate model AN - 1429839766; 2013-068509 AB - The sensitivity of the North Atlantic Ocean Circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow is investigated for the first time using a high resolution eddy-permitting global coupled ocean-atmosphere model (GFDL CM2.5). The Nordic Sea overflow is perturbed through the change of the bathymetry in GFDL CM2.5. We analyze the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) adjustment process and the downstream oceanic response to the perturbation. The results suggest that north of 34 degrees N, AMOC changes induced by changes in the Nordic Sea overflow propagate on the slow tracer advection timescale, instead of the fast Kelvin wave timescale, resulting in a time lead of several years between subpolar and subtropical AMOC changes. The results also show that a stronger and deeper-penetrating Nordic Sea overflow leads to stronger and deeper AMOC, stronger northward ocean heat transport, reduced Labrador Sea deep convection, stronger cyclonic Northern Recirculation Gyre (NRG), westward shift of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and southward shift of the Gulf Stream, warmer sea surface temperature (SST) east of Newfoundland and colder SST south of the Grand Banks, stronger and deeper NAC and Gulf Stream, and stronger oceanic eddy activities along the NAC and the Gulf Stream paths. A stronger/weaker Nordic Sea overflow also leads to a contracted/expanded subpolar gyre (SPG). This sensitivity study points to the important role of the Nordic Sea overflow in the large scale North Atlantic ocean circulation, and it is crucial for climate models to have a correct representation of the Nordic Sea overflow. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Zhang, Rong AU - Delworth, Thomas L AU - Rosati, Anthony AU - Anderson, Whit G AU - Dixon, Keith W AU - Lee, Hyun-Chul AU - Zeng, Fanrong Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C12024 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - Norwegian Sea KW - salinity KW - ocean currents KW - climate change KW - thermohaline circulation KW - hydrographs KW - eddies KW - climate effects KW - Arctic Ocean KW - bathymetry KW - sea-surface temperature KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1429839766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+the+North+Atlantic+ocean+circulation+to+an+abrupt+change+in+the+Nordic+Sea+overflow+in+a+high+resolution+global+coupled+climate+model&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Rong%3BDelworth%2C+Thomas+L%3BRosati%2C+Anthony%3BAnderson%2C+Whit+G%3BDixon%2C+Keith+W%3BLee%2C+Hyun-Chul%3BZeng%2C+Fanrong&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Rong&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007240 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; bathymetry; climate change; climate effects; currents; eddies; hydrographs; North Atlantic; Norwegian Sea; ocean circulation; ocean currents; salinity; sea-surface temperature; thermohaline circulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007240 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between anomalies of Eurasian snow and southern China rainfall in winter AN - 1366814695; 2013-046597 AB - Characteristics of the snow water equivalent (SWE) over high-latitude Eurasia and its relation with precipitation in China during January, February and March (JFM) are investigated. The JFM Eurasian SWE exhibited a decadal downward shift in the late 1990s, marked by a frequently positive phase in 1979-98 and a negative phase afterward. The decadal shift corresponds to anomalous northeasterly flow over southeastern China. Consequently, warm and moist airflow from tropical oceans is weakened, accompanied by reduced rainfall over southeastern China. The US National Centers for the Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System (CFS) capture both the interannual variation and the decreasing trend of JFM Eurasian SWE reasonably well for several months in advance. The relationship between Eurasian SWE and southeastern China rainfall is also captured by the CFS in the prediction. Copyright IOP Publishing Ltd JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Zuo, Zhiyan AU - Yang, Song AU - Wang, Wanqiu AU - Kumar, Arun AU - Xue, Yan AU - Zhang, Renhe Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation 045402 PB - Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing, Bristol VL - 6 IS - 4 KW - hydrology KW - decadal variations KW - Far East KW - southern China KW - time series analysis KW - snow water equivalent KW - rainfall KW - statistical analysis KW - U. S. National Center for Environmental Prediction KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - anomalies KW - Climate Forecast System KW - snow KW - Eurasia KW - seasonal variations KW - Asia KW - climate KW - China KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1366814695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+anomalies+of+Eurasian+snow+and+southern+China+rainfall+in+winter&rft.au=Zuo%2C+Zhiyan%3BYang%2C+Song%3BWang%2C+Wanqiu%3BKumar%2C+Arun%3BXue%2C+Yan%3BZhang%2C+Renhe&rft.aulast=Zuo&rft.aufirst=Zhiyan&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F6%2F4%2F045402 L2 - http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by IOP Publishing Ltd., London, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anomalies; Asia; atmospheric precipitation; China; climate; Climate Forecast System; decadal variations; Eurasia; Far East; hydrology; rainfall; seasonal variations; snow; snow water equivalent; southern China; statistical analysis; time series analysis; U. S. National Center for Environmental Prediction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045402 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Bayesian assessment of the conservation status of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean AN - 1323807786; 17832887 AB - The population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering off the eastern coast of South America is referred to by the International Whaling Commission as Breeding Stock A (BSA). This population was heavily exploited in 20th century modern commercial whaling operations. After more than 30 years of protection, its present status remains unknown. A deterministic sex and age-aggregated population dynamics model was used to estimate the pre-exploitation population size (K), the maximum net recruitment rate (r sub(max)), the maximum depletion level (N sub(min)/K), and other quantities of interest of BSA. Input data included modern whaling catch series, absolute estimates of abundance, observed growth rates and indices of relative abundance. A Bayesian statistical method was used to calculate probability distributions for the model parameters. Prior distributions were set on r sub(max) - an uninformative (Uniform [0,0.106]) and an informative (Normal [0.067, 0.04 super(2)]) - and on the population size in 2005 - N sub(2005) (Uniform [500 super(max),22,000]). A total of 10,000 samples were used to compute the joint posterior distribution of the model parameters using the Sampling-Importance-Resampling algorithm. Sensitivity of model outputs to the priors on r sub(max), a genetic constraint, data inclusion and catch allocation scenarios was investigated. Medians of the posterior probability distributions of quantities of interest for the base case scenario were: r sub(max) = 0.069 (95% probability intervals [PI] = 0.013-0.104), K = 24,558 (95% PI = 22,791-31,118), N sub(min)/K = 2% (PI = 0.31%-12.5%), N sub(2006)/K = 27.4% (PI = 18.3%-39.5%), N sub(2020)/K = 61.8% (PI = 23.8%-88.6%), and N sub(2040)/K = 97.3% (PI = 31.6%-99.9%). Despite apparent recovery in the past three decades, the western South Atlantic humpback whale population is still low relative to its pre-exploitation size and requires continued conservation efforts. JF - Journal of cetacean research and management. Special issue AU - Zerbini, AN AU - Ward, E J AU - Kinas, P G AU - Engel, M H AU - Andriolo, A AD - School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5050 USA, alex.zerbini@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 131 EP - 144 VL - 3 SN - 1561-073X, 1561-073X KW - Humpback whale KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Overwintering KW - Resource conservation KW - Quantitative distribution KW - Recruitment KW - Stock assessment KW - AS, South Atlantic KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Catch statistics KW - Population dynamics KW - Genetics KW - ASW, South America KW - Marine mammals KW - Depleted stocks KW - Exploitation KW - Cetacea KW - Brood stocks KW - Whaling KW - Population number KW - Modelling KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1323807786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cetacean+research+and+management.+Special+issue&rft.atitle=A+Bayesian+assessment+of+the+conservation+status+of+humpback+whales+%28Megaptera+novaeangliae%29+in+the+western+South+Atlantic+Ocean&rft.au=Zerbini%2C+AN%3BWard%2C+E+J%3BKinas%2C+P+G%3BEngel%2C+M+H%3BAndriolo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zerbini&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cetacean+research+and+management.+Special+issue&rft.issn=1561073X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://iwc.int/home LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Humpback whales: Status in the Southern Hemisphere; Publisher homepage N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Mathematical models; Quantitative distribution; Resource conservation; Overwintering; Stock assessment; Recruitment; Catch statistics; Population dynamics; Genetics; Marine mammals; Depleted stocks; Exploitation; Brood stocks; Whaling; Modelling; Population number; Megaptera novaeangliae; Cetacea; ASW, South America; AS, South Atlantic; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A USANS/GP-SANS study of the accessibility of pores in gas shale to methane, water, and brine AN - 1316374451; 2013-026251 JF - Abstracts and Program - Society for Organic Petrology. Meeting AU - Ruppert, Leslie F AU - Sakurovs, Richard AU - Blach, Tomasz P AU - Mildner, David F R AU - He, Lilin AU - Melnichenko, Yuri B Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 69 PB - The=Society for Organic Petrology (TSOP), [location varies] VL - 28 SN - 1060-7250, 1060-7250 KW - United States KW - Mississippian KW - horizontal drilling KW - neutron methods KW - natural gas KW - Barnett Shale KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - petroleum KW - production KW - laboratory studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - directional drilling KW - drilling KW - hydraulic fracturing KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - methane KW - Paleozoic KW - Carboniferous KW - optimization KW - porous materials KW - gas shale KW - alkanes KW - porosity KW - measurement KW - organic compounds KW - brines KW - neutron diffraction data KW - hydrocarbons KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1316374451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+and+Program+-+Society+for+Organic+Petrology.+Meeting&rft.atitle=A+USANS%2FGP-SANS+study+of+the+accessibility+of+pores+in+gas+shale+to+methane%2C+water%2C+and+brine&rft.au=Ruppert%2C+Leslie+F%3BSakurovs%2C+Richard%3BBlach%2C+Tomasz+P%3BMildner%2C+David+F+R%3BHe%2C+Lilin%3BMelnichenko%2C+Yuri+B&rft.aulast=Ruppert&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+and+Program+-+Society+for+Organic+Petrology.+Meeting&rft.issn=10607250&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Society for Organic Petrology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Barnett Shale; brines; Carboniferous; concentration; directional drilling; drilling; experimental studies; gas shale; horizontal drilling; hydraulic fracturing; hydrocarbons; laboratory studies; measurement; methane; Mississippian; natural gas; neutron diffraction data; neutron methods; optimization; organic compounds; Paleozoic; petroleum; porosity; porous materials; production; sedimentary rocks; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ measurements of tropospheric volcanic plumes in Ecuador and Colombia during TC (super 4) AN - 1312836737; 2013-022514 AB - A NASA DC-8 research aircraft penetrated tropospheric gas and aerosol plumes sourced from active volcanoes in Ecuador and Colombia during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC (super 4) ) mission in July-August 2007. The likely source volcanoes were Tungurahua (Ecuador) and Nevado del Huila (Colombia). The TC (super 4) data provide rare insight into the chemistry of volcanic plumes in the tropical troposphere and permit a comparison of SO (sub 2) column amounts measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite with in situ SO (sub 2) measurements. Elevated concentrations of SO (sub 2) , sulfate aerosol, and particles were measured by DC-8 instrumentation in volcanic outflow at altitudes of 3-6 km. Estimated plume ages range from approximately 2 h at Huila to approximately 22-48 h downwind of Ecuador. The plumes contained sulfate-rich accumulation mode particles that were variably neutralized and often highly acidic. A significant fraction of supermicron volcanic ash was evident in one plume. In-plume O (sub 3) concentrations were approximately 70%-80% of ambient levels downwind of Ecuador, but data are insufficient to ascribe this to O (sub 3) depletion via reactive halogen chemistry. The TC (super 4) data record rapid cloud processing of the Huila volcanic plume involving aqueous-phase oxidation of SO (sub 2) by H (sub 2) O (sub 2) , but overall the data suggest average in-plume SO (sub 2) to sulfate conversion rates of approximately 1%-2% h (super -1) . SO (sub 2) column amounts measured in the Tungurahua plume ( approximately 0.1-0.2 Dobson units) are commensurate with average SO (sub 2) columns retrieved from OMI measurements in the volcanic outflow region in July 2007. The TC (super 4) data set provides further evidence of the impact of volcanic emissions on tropospheric acidity and oxidizing capacity. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Carn, S A AU - Froyd, K D AU - Anderson, B E AU - Wennberg, P AU - Crounse, J AU - Spencer, K AU - Dibb, J E AU - Krotkov, N A AU - Browell, E V AU - Hair, J W AU - Diskin, G AU - Sachse, G AU - Vay, S A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D00J24 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - sulfur dioxide KW - Andes KW - plumes KW - monitoring KW - Ecuador KW - atmosphere KW - troposphere KW - Colombia KW - Tungurahua KW - South America KW - ozone KW - volcanism KW - eruptions KW - volcanoes KW - aerosols KW - chemical composition KW - pH KW - Nevado del Huila KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312836737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=In+situ+measurements+of+tropospheric+volcanic+plumes+in+Ecuador+and+Colombia+during+TC+%28super+4%29&rft.au=Carn%2C+S+A%3BFroyd%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+B+E%3BWennberg%2C+P%3BCrounse%2C+J%3BSpencer%2C+K%3BDibb%2C+J+E%3BKrotkov%2C+N+A%3BBrowell%2C+E+V%3BHair%2C+J+W%3BDiskin%2C+G%3BSachse%2C+G%3BVay%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Carn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD014718 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; airborne methods; Andes; atmosphere; chemical composition; Colombia; Ecuador; eruptions; monitoring; Nevado del Huila; ozone; pH; plumes; South America; sulfur dioxide; troposphere; Tungurahua; volcanism; volcanoes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014718 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP); 2, Evaluation over global river basins AN - 1312835779; 2013-022701 AB - The augmented Noah land surface model described in the first part of the two-part series was evaluated here over global river basins. Across various climate zones, global-scale tests can reveal a model's weaknesses and strengths that a local-scale testing cannot. In addition, global-scale tests are more challenging than local- and catchment-scale tests. Given constant model parameters (e. g., runoff parameters) across global river basins, global-scale tests are more stringent. We assessed model performance against various satellite and ground-based observations over global river basins through six experiments that mimic a transition from the original Noah LSM to the fully augmented version. The model shows transitional improvements in modeling runoff, soil moisture, snow, and skin temperature, despite considerable increase in computational time by the fully augmented Noah-MP version compared to the original Noah LSM. The dynamic vegetation model favorably captures seasonal and spatial variability of leaf area index and green vegetation fraction. We also conducted 36 ensemble experiments with 36 combinations of optional schemes for runoff, leaf dynamics, stomatal resistance, and the beta factor. Runoff schemes play a dominant and different role in controlling soil moisture and its relationship with evapotranspiration compared to ecological processes such as the beta factor, vegetation dynamics, and stomatal resistance. The 36-member ensemble mean of runoff performs better than any single member over the world's 50 largest river basins, suggesting a great potential of land-based ensemble simulations for climate prediction. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Yang, Zong-Liang AU - Niu, Guo-Yue AU - Mitchell, Kenneth E AU - Chen, Fei AU - Ek, Michael B AU - Barlage, Michael AU - Longuevergne, Laurent AU - Manning, Kevin AU - Niyogi, Dev AU - Tewari, Mukul AU - Xia, Youlong Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D12110 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - permafrost KW - water balance KW - vegetation KW - satellite methods KW - climate change KW - models KW - climate effects KW - basins KW - geomorphology KW - frozen ground KW - remote sensing KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312835779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=The+community+Noah+land+surface+model+with+multiparameterization+options+%28Noah-MP%29%3B+2%2C+Evaluation+over+global+river+basins&rft.au=Yang%2C+Zong-Liang%3BNiu%2C+Guo-Yue%3BMitchell%2C+Kenneth+E%3BChen%2C+Fei%3BEk%2C+Michael+B%3BBarlage%2C+Michael%3BLonguevergne%2C+Laurent%3BManning%2C+Kevin%3BNiyogi%2C+Dev%3BTewari%2C+Mukul%3BXia%2C+Youlong&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Zong-Liang&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD015140 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; climate change; climate effects; frozen ground; geomorphology; hydrology; models; permafrost; remote sensing; satellite methods; soils; vegetation; water balance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015140 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP); 1, Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements AN - 1312835767; 2013-022700 AB - This first paper of the two-part series describes the objectives of the community efforts in improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical formulations, the augmented conceptual realism in biophysical and hydrological processes, and introduces a framework for multiple options to parameterize selected processes (Noah-MP). The Noah-MP's performance is evaluated at various local sites using high temporal frequency data sets, and results show the advantages of using multiple optional schemes to interpret the differences in modeling simulations. The second paper focuses on ensemble evaluations with long-term regional (basin) and global scale data sets. The enhanced conceptual realism includes (1) the vegetation canopy energy balance, (2) the layered snowpack, (3) frozen soil and infiltration, (4) soil moisture-groundwater interaction and related runoff production, and (5) vegetation phenology. Sample local-scale validations are conducted over the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) site, the W3 catchment of Sleepers River, Vermont, and a French snow observation site. Noah-MP shows apparent improvements in reproducing surface fluxes, skin temperature over dry periods, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, and runoff over Noah LSM version 3.0. Noah-MP improves the SWE simulations due to more accurate simulations of the diurnal variations of the snow skin temperature, which is critical for computing available energy for melting. Noah-MP also improves the simulation of runoff peaks and timing by introducing a more permeable frozen soil and more accurate simulation of snowmelt. We also demonstrate that Noah-MP is an effective research tool by which modeling results for a given process can be interpreted through multiple optional parameterization schemes in the same model framework. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Niu, Guo-Yue AU - Yang, Zong-Liang AU - Mitchell, Kenneth E AU - Chen, Fei AU - Ek, Michael B AU - Barlage, Michael AU - Kumar, Anil AU - Manning, Kevin AU - Niyogi, Dev AU - Rosero, Enrique AU - Tewari, Mukul AU - Xia, Youlong Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D12109 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D12 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - land cover KW - permafrost KW - snow cover KW - snow water equivalent KW - vegetation KW - energy balance KW - climate change KW - models KW - snow KW - mathematical methods KW - surface features KW - climate effects KW - geomorphology KW - frozen ground KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312835767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=On+ocean+and+sea+ice+modes+of+variability+in+the+Bering+Sea&rft.au=Danielson%2C+Seth%3BCurchitser%2C+Enrique%3BHedstrom%2C+Kate%3BWeingartner%2C+Thomas%3BStabeno%2C+Phyllis&rft.aulast=Danielson&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007389 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate change; climate effects; energy balance; frozen ground; geomorphology; hydrology; land cover; mathematical methods; models; permafrost; snow; snow cover; snow water equivalent; soils; surface features; vegetation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the flux of CaCO (sub 3) and organic carbon from the surface ocean using in situ measurements of O (sub 2) , N (sub 2) , pCO (sub 2) , and pH AN - 1151913906; 2012-097539 AB - Ocean acidification from anthropogenic CO (sub 2) has focused our attention on the importance of understanding the rates and mechanisms of CaCO (sub 3) formation so that changes can be monitored and feedbacks predicted. We present a method for determining the rate of CaCO (sub 3) production using in situ measurements of fCO (sub 2) and pH in surface waters of the eastern subarctic Pacific Ocean. These quantities were determined on a surface mooring every 3 h for a period of about 9 months in 2007 at Ocean Station Papa (50 degrees N, 145 degrees W). We use the data in a simple surface ocean, mass balance model of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity (Alk) to constrain the CaCO (sub 3) : organic carbon (OC) production ratio to be approximately 0.5. A CaCO (sub 3) production rate of 8 mmol CaCO (sub 3) m (super -2) d (super -1) in the summer of 2007 (1.2 mol m (super -2) yr (super -1) ) is derived by combining the CaCO (sub 3) : OC ratio with the a net organic carbon production rate (2.5 mol C m (super -2) yr (super -1) ) determined from in situ measurements of oxygen and nitrogen gas concentrations measured on the same mooring (Emerson and Stump, 2010). Carbonate chemistry data from a meridional hydrographic section in this area in 2008 indicate that isopycnal surfaces that outcrop in the winter in the subarctic Pacific and deepen southward into the subtropics are a much stronger source for alkalinity than vertical mixing. This pathway has a high enough Alk:DIC ratio to support the CaCO (sub 3) :OC production rate implied by the fCO (sub 2) and pH data. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Emerson, Steven AU - Sabine, Christopher AU - Cronin, Meghan F AU - Feely, Richard AU - Cullison Gray, Sarah E AU - DeGrandpre, Mike Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation GB3008 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - sea water KW - oxygen KW - sea surface water KW - solutes KW - hydrochemistry KW - oceanography KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - biogenic processes KW - transport KW - quantitative analysis KW - dissolved oxygen KW - carbon KW - acidification KW - calcium carbonate KW - carbon cycle KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - world ocean KW - pH KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151913906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+flux+of+CaCO+%28sub+3%29+and+organic+carbon+from+the+surface+ocean+using+in+situ+measurements+of+O+%28sub+2%29+%2C+N+%28sub+2%29+%2C+pCO+%28sub+2%29+%2C+and+pH&rft.au=Emerson%2C+Steven%3BSabine%2C+Christopher%3BCronin%2C+Meghan+F%3BFeely%2C+Richard%3BCullison+Gray%2C+Sarah+E%3BDeGrandpre%2C+Mike&rft.aulast=Emerson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GB003924 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; biogenic processes; calcium carbonate; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; dissolved oxygen; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; nitrogen; oceanography; organic carbon; oxygen; pH; quantitative analysis; sea surface water; sea water; solutes; transport; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003924 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New USEPA water quality criteria by 2012: GOMA concerns and recommendations AN - 1125228590; 17287289 AB - The Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) was tasked by the five Gulf State Governors to identify major issues affecting the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and to set priorities for ameliorating these problems. One priority identified by GOMA is the need to improve detection methods for water quality indicators, pathogens and microbial source tracking. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is tasked with revising water quality criteria by 2012; however, the locations traditionally studied by the USEPA are not representative of the GoM and this has raised concern about whether or not the new criteria will be appropriate. This paper outlines a number of concerns, including deadlines associated with the USEPA Consent Decree, which may prevent inclusion of research needed to produce a well-developed set of methods and criteria appropriate for all regulated waters. GOMA makes several recommendations including ensuring that criteria formulation use data that include GoM-specific conditions (e.g. lower bather density, nonpoint sources), that rapid-testing methods be feasible and adequately controlled, and that USEPA maintains investments in water quality research once the new criteria are promulgated in order to assure that outstanding scientific questions are addressed and that scientifically defensible criteria are achieved for the GoM and other regulated waterbodies. JF - Journal of Water and Health AU - Gooch-Moore, Janet AU - Goodwin, Kelly D AU - Dorsey, Carol AU - Ellender, R D AU - Mott, Joanna B AU - Ornelas, Mark AU - Sinigalliano, Chris AU - Vincent, Bob AU - Whiting, David AU - Wolfe, Steven H AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA, janet.moore@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 718 EP - 733 PB - IWA Publishing, Alliance House London SW1H 0QS United Kingdom VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1477-8920, 1477-8920 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water quality KW - Gulfs KW - Investment KW - Bioindicators KW - Density KW - Water quality criteria KW - Water Quality KW - Environmental Protection KW - Pathogens KW - Environmental protection KW - Tracking KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - EPA KW - USA KW - Microorganisms KW - Priorities KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1125228590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.atitle=New+USEPA+water+quality+criteria+by+2012%3A+GOMA+concerns+and+recommendations&rft.au=Gooch-Moore%2C+Janet%3BGoodwin%2C+Kelly+D%3BDorsey%2C+Carol%3BEllender%2C+R+D%3BMott%2C+Joanna+B%3BOrnelas%2C+Mark%3BSinigalliano%2C+Chris%3BVincent%2C+Bob%3BWhiting%2C+David%3BWolfe%2C+Steven+H&rft.aulast=Gooch-Moore&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+and+Health&rft.issn=14778920&rft_id=info:doi/10.2166%2Fwh.2011.156 L2 - http://www.iwaponline.com/jwh/009/jwh0090718.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogens; Water quality; Tracking; Environmental protection; EPA; Pollution monitoring; Water quality criteria; Bioindicators; Density; Microorganisms; Water Quality; Priorities; Environmental Protection; Investment; Gulfs; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.156 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in enzymatic activity during early development of bay scallops Argopecten irradians and sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus AN - 1113219479; 17248240 AB - Poor growth and survival of scallops is often reported during early developmental stages. Stage- and species-specific dietary requirements have been identified, but the mechanisms responsible for these differences remain largely unknown. Dietary success depends on food biochemical properties, digestive and/or assimilative capacity, as well as the animal's specific nutritional demands, which can vary over development and between species. The present study examines developmental changes in the activities of key digestive enzymes in larval and postlarval bay scallops Argopecten irradians and sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus raised on a mixed algal diet until similar to 4 to 5 mm in shell height (SH) and sampled at intervals encompassing major transitions in feeding organ development. Colorimetric assays measured general protease, lipase (esterase) and carbohydrase (alpha-amylase, cellulase and laminarinase) activities. The most pronounced changes in enzymatic activity occurred prior to scallops attaining similar to 1.2 mm SH in both scallop species. The esterase:protease ratio exhibited similar ontogenetic patterns in both scallop species, decreasing sharply between larval and immediate postlarval stages before increasing to an intermediate level and stabilizing around 1.2 mm SH. In contrast, mean carbohydrase activities measured over the experimental duration differed between species, with bay scallops exhibiting higher specific activities of alpha-amylase and cellulase but much lower activities of laminarinase than sea scallops. These findings have implications for understanding scallop utilization of the food supply in nature, as well as developing targeted diets that could enhance their growth and survival in culture. JF - Aquatic Biology AU - Milke, Lisa M AU - Bricelj, VMonica AU - Ross, Neil W AD - NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Milford Laboratory, Milford, Connecticut 06460, USA, lisa.milke@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 207 EP - 216 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1864-7782, 1864-7782 KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Digestive enzyme activity KW - Scallops KW - Placopecten magellanicus KW - Argopecten irradians KW - Development KW - esterase KW - Food KW - Colorimetry KW - Survival KW - Cell culture KW - Larval development KW - Cellulase KW - Feed composition KW - Growth KW - Nutritional requirements KW - Ontogeny KW - Proteinase KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Algae KW - Diets KW - Feeding KW - Developmental stages KW - Enzymes KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Digestive enzymes KW - Feeding experiments KW - Scallop culture KW - Shells KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113219479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Biology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+enzymatic+activity+during+early+development+of+bay+scallops+Argopecten+irradians+and+sea+scallops+Placopecten+magellanicus&rft.au=Milke%2C+Lisa+M%3BBricelj%2C+VMonica%3BRoss%2C+Neil+W&rft.aulast=Milke&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00398 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Growth; Nutritional requirements; Enzymes; Feeding experiments; Scallop culture; Larval development; Feed composition; Feeding; Food; esterase; Developmental stages; Survival; Colorimetry; Cell culture; Cellulase; Triacylglycerol lipase; Digestive enzymes; Ontogeny; Proteinase; Enzymatic activity; Shells; Algae; Placopecten magellanicus; Argopecten irradians DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00398 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of blood anticoagulants on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood tissue AN - 1113219462; 17248239 AB - Collecting tissue samples from sea turtles for stable isotope analysis often occurs at remote field sites. For blood tissue, samples are treated with an anticoagulant that allows for later separation of plasma from cellular components. However, the effect of this technique on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood has not been established. We measured the effects of 3 widely used anticoagulants, acid ASHcitrate dextrose (ACD), sodium heparin (SH) and ASHethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), on stable carbon ([delta] super(13C) and stable nitrogen ([delta]) super(1)5N) values in whole blood, red blood cells, and blood plasma of 11 green turtles Chelonia mydas captured in San Diego Bay, California, USA. Vials containing each of the 3 blood preservatives as well as a vial containing no additive (i.e. control vial) were filled in random order. Blood in the no-additive vial was immediately separated into fractions (e.g. red blood cells, plasma) via centrifugation, whereas blood collected in the treatment vials was chilled and then centrifuged 48 h after collection. We found that, relative to the controls, ACD-preserved whole blood and blood plasma were super(13C enriched, EDTA-treated red blood cells and plasma were ) super(1)5N deASHpleted, and SH-treated whole blood was super(15N enASHriched. Because SH was the only anticoagulant with no measured effect on blood plasma and red blood cells-the most commonly studied blood fractions for sea turtle stable isotope studies-we recommend its exclusive use as a blood anticoagulant for field studies where prompt centriASHfugation is not possible.) JF - Aquatic Biology AU - Lemons, Garrett E AU - Eguchi, Tomoharu AU - LyonA, Boyd N AU - LeRoux, Robin AU - Seminoff, Jeffrey A AD - NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 la Jolla Shores Drive, la Jolla, California 92037, USA, jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 201 EP - 206 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1864-7782, 1864-7782 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - [delta]13C and [delta]15N KW - Carbon KW - Cheloniidae KW - Ectotherm KW - ASHIsotope enrichment KW - Nitrogen KW - Reptilia KW - Isotopes KW - INE, USA, California, San Diego Bay KW - Anticoagulants KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Erythrocytes KW - Hydrobiology KW - Sodium KW - dextrose KW - Centrifugation KW - Blood KW - Serological studies KW - Chelonia mydas KW - Nitrogen isotopes KW - Heparin KW - Preservatives KW - Edetic acid KW - Q1 08626:Food technology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113219462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+blood+anticoagulants+on+stable+isotope+values+of+sea+turtle+blood+tissue&rft.au=Lemons%2C+Garrett+E%3BEguchi%2C+Tomoharu%3BLyonA%2C+Boyd+N%3BLeRoux%2C+Robin%3BSeminoff%2C+Jeffrey+A&rft.aulast=Lemons&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Biology&rft.issn=18647782&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fab00397 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Serological studies; Anticoagulants; Erythrocytes; Aquatic reptiles; Hydrobiology; Nitrogen isotopes; Heparin; Preservatives; dextrose; Sodium; Centrifugation; Isotopes; Carbon; Edetic acid; Nitrogen; Chelonia mydas; INE, USA, California, San Diego Bay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00397 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precautionary design of a marine protected area based on a habitat model AN - 1113216533; 17249048 AB - A basic principle of effective resource management is that decisions should be conservative in the face of uncertainty. Due to limited data, there is often considerable uncertainty about species' habitat relationships and requirements. If the boundaries of a protected area are based on relationships estimated by a habitat model, effective management takes the uncertainty into account. The inclusion of uncertainty in the design of a hypothetical marine protected area is described for a coastal population of the long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis off Baja California, Mexico. Line-transect and depth data were combined in a hierarchical Bayesian model. Two possible management goals were considered: protecting 100000 animals or protecting 60% of the population. A precautionary approach was adopted, meaning that the management goal should be met with a high probability. The model estimated that a seaward boundary at 360 m would include 100000 dolphins with a probability of 0.9. A conventional but less precautionary 'best estimate' boundary at 160 m would meet the management goal with a probability of 0.5. For the second goal of including 60% of the population, the precautionary and non-precautionary depths were 210 and 170 m, respectively. Habitat models are useful for management, but management decisions based on such models should consider the uncertainty inherent in estimating parameters from data. Models which include the data observation process can improve inference about habitat relationships. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Gerrodette, Tim AU - Eguchi, Tomoharu AD - Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, 3333 North Torrey Pines Court, la Jolla, California 92037, USA, tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 159 EP - 166 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Models KW - Dolphins KW - Protected areas KW - Modelling KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Marine protected areas KW - Habitat KW - Environmental protection KW - Design KW - Delphinus capensis KW - Boundaries KW - Nature conservation KW - Marine parks KW - Endangered species KW - Cetacea KW - Environment management KW - Endangered Species KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113216533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Precautionary+design+of+a+marine+protected+area+based+on+a+habitat+model&rft.au=Gerrodette%2C+Tim%3BEguchi%2C+Tomoharu&rft.aulast=Gerrodette&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00369 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Marine parks; Nature conservation; Habitat; Environment management; Environmental protection; Modelling; Endangered Species; Data processing; Mathematical models; Bayesian analysis; Boundaries; Endangered species; Models; Dolphins; Marine protected areas; Protected areas; Design; Delphinus capensis; Cetacea; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00369 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sea turtle population estimates incorporating uncertainty: a new approach applied to western North Atlantic loggerheads Caretta caretta AN - 1113216506; 17249047 AB - Loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta have been listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act since 1978, and a change in their listing status to endangered was recently under consideration. Estimates of adult population size are needed to evaluate population status, but include a number of uncertainties. A point estimate of loggerhead population size based on a nest count fails to convey the range of our uncertainty in the estimated number of individuals in a population. We developed distributions of adult female loggerhead subpopulation sizes for 5 subpopulations of the western North Atlantic, and for the western North Atlantic population as a whole. Distributions were derived by re-sampling from available nest counts (2001-2010) and data on breeding interval, survival and clutch frequency, each affecting the extrapolation of nest numbers to adult females. Our best estimate for the western North Atlantic adult female loggerhead population was 38334 (SD = 2287) adult females. Confidence limits on estimates for the individual subpopulations ranged from a high of 45058 adult females for Peninsular Florida to a low of 258 adult females in the Dry Tortugas. To reduce uncertainty in population estimates, research needs to focus on quantifying breeding interval and clutch frequency, especially in the less-studied subpopulations. JF - Endangered Species Research AU - Richards, Paul M AU - Epperly, Sheryan P AU - Heppell, Selina S AU - King, Rachel T AU - Sasso, Christopher R AU - Moncada, Felix AU - Nodarse, Gonzalo AU - Shaver, Donna J AU - Medina, Yosvani AU - Zurita, Julio AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA, paul.richards@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 151 EP - 158 PB - Inter-Research, Nordbuente 23 Oldendorf/Luhe 21385 Germany VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1863-5407, 1863-5407 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Aquatic reptiles KW - Caretta caretta KW - Survival KW - Nests KW - Breeding KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Data processing KW - Population characteristics KW - Subpopulations KW - Turtles KW - Rare species KW - AN, North Atlantic KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Dry Tortugas KW - Clutch KW - Population status KW - Nature conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Population number KW - Endangered Species KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113216506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.atitle=Sea+turtle+population+estimates+incorporating+uncertainty%3A+a+new+approach+applied+to+western+North+Atlantic+loggerheads+Caretta+caretta&rft.au=Richards%2C+Paul+M%3BEpperly%2C+Sheryan+P%3BHeppell%2C+Selina+S%3BKing%2C+Rachel+T%3BSasso%2C+Christopher+R%3BMoncada%2C+Felix%3BNodarse%2C+Gonzalo%3BShaver%2C+Donna+J%3BMedina%2C+Yosvani%3BZurita%2C+Julio&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Endangered+Species+Research&rft.issn=18635407&rft_id=info:doi/10.3354%2Fesr00379 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population characteristics; Clutch; Subpopulations; Aquatic reptiles; Nature conservation; Rare species; Endangered Species; Data processing; Breeding; Population status; Survival; Endangered species; Nests; Turtles; Population number; Caretta caretta; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Dry Tortugas; AN, North Atlantic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00379 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumption, Credit, and Macroeconomic Policies: Theory and Evidence from the United States AN - 1081860334; 201226503 AB - The paper examines determinants of private consumption in the USA. The empirical model includes disposable income, the University of Michigan consumer sentiment index, the interest rate, and the real effective exchange rate. Anticipated movements in these determinants are likely to affect planned consumption, while unanticipated changes determine cyclical consumption. Fluctuations in private consumption are mostly cyclical with respect to changes in disposable income and the consumers sentiment index. In contrast, an increase in the interest rate decreases both planned and cyclical consumption. Fiscal policy has a direct negative effect on cyclical consumption, which is not dependent on the interest rate. Monetary growth, in contrast, increases liquidity to finance both planned and cyclical private consumption. Adapted from the source document. JF - Global Economic Review AU - Kandil, Magda AU - Mirzaie, Ida Aghdas AD - The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, Cairo, Egypt Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 323 EP - 360 PB - Routledge/Taylor & Francis, UK VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 1226-508X, 1226-508X KW - Fiscal Policy KW - Exchange Rate KW - Credit KW - Consumption KW - United States of America KW - Consumers KW - Michigan KW - Interest Rate KW - Universities KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1081860334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Consumption%2C+Credit%2C+and+Macroeconomic+Policies%3A+Theory+and+Evidence+from+the+United+States&rft.au=Kandil%2C+Magda%3BMirzaie%2C+Ida+Aghdas&rft.aulast=Kandil&rft.aufirst=Magda&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Economic+Review&rft.issn=1226508X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1226508X.2011.601645 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Consumption; Interest Rate; United States of America; Consumers; Fiscal Policy; Credit; Exchange Rate; Universities; Michigan DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2011.601645 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Bayesian assessment of the conservation status of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean AN - 1069195415; 17126267 AB - The population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering off the eastern coast of South America is referred to by the International Whaling Commission as 'Breeding Stock A' (BSA). This population was heavily exploited in 20 super(th) century modern commercial whaling operations. After more than 30 years of protection, its present status remains unknown. A deterministic sex and age-aggregated population dynamics model was used to estimate the pre-exploitation population size (K), the maximum net recruitment rate (r sub(max)), the maximum depletion level (N sub(min)K), and other quantities of interest of BSA. Input data included modern whaling catch series, absolute estimates of abundance, observed growth rates and indices of relative abundance. A Bayesian statistical method was used to calculate probability distributions for the model parameters. Prior distributions were set on r sub(max) - an uninformative (Uniform [0, 0.106]) and an informative (Normal [0.067, 0.04 super(2)]) - and on the population size in 2005 - N sub(2005), (Uniform [500, 22,000]). A total of 10,000 samples were used to compute the joint posterior distribution of the model parameters using the Sampling-Importance-Resampling algorithm. Sensitivity of model outputs to the priors on r sub(max), a genetic constraint, data inclusion and catch allocation scenarios was investigated. Medians of the posterior probability distributions of quantities of interest for the base case scenario were: r sub(max) = 0.069 (95% probability intervals [PI] = 0.013-0.104), K = 24,558(95% PI = 22,791-31,118), N sub(min)/K = 2% (PI = 0.31% 12.5%), N sub(2006) K = 27.4% (PI = 18.3%-39.5%), N sub(2020)/K = 61.8% (PI = 23.8%-88.6%), and N sub(2040)/K = 97.3% (PI = 31.6%-99.9%). Despite apparent recovery in the past three decades, the western South Atlantic humpback whale population is still low relative to its pre-exploitation size and requires continued conservation efforts. JF - Journal of Cetacean Research and Management AU - Zerbini, AN AU - Ward, E J AU - Kinas, P G AU - Engel, M H AU - Andriolo, A AD - School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA, alex.zerbini@noaa.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 131 EP - 144 SN - 1561-0713, 1561-0713 KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Overwintering KW - Quantitative distribution KW - Recruitment KW - whaling KW - AS, South Atlantic KW - Megaptera novaeangliae KW - Relative abundance KW - Population dynamics KW - Catches KW - ASW, South America KW - Breeding KW - Oceans KW - Marine mammals KW - Conservation KW - Cetacea KW - Brood stocks KW - Whales KW - Whaling KW - Population number KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1069195415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cetacean+Research+and+Management&rft.atitle=A+Bayesian+assessment+of+the+conservation+status+of+humpback+whales+%28Megaptera+novaeangliae%29+in+the+western+South+Atlantic+Ocean&rft.au=Zerbini%2C+AN%3BWard%2C+E+J%3BKinas%2C+P+G%3BEngel%2C+M+H%3BAndriolo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zerbini&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cetacean+Research+and+Management&rft.issn=15610713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Mathematical models; Quantitative distribution; Overwintering; Marine mammals; Recruitment; Population dynamics; Brood stocks; Whaling; Breeding; Oceans; Conservation; whaling; Relative abundance; Whales; Catches; Population number; Megaptera novaeangliae; Cetacea; ASW, South America; AS, South Atlantic; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation and observations of stratospheric aerosols from the 2009 Sarychev volcanic eruption AN - 1039339914; 2012-081408 AB - We used a general circulation model of Earth's climate to conduct simulations of the 12-16 June 2009 eruption of Sarychev volcano (48.1 degrees N, 153.2 degrees E). The model simulates the formation and transport of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol cloud from the eruption and the resulting climate response. We compared optical depth results from these simulations with limb scatter measurements from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS), in situ measurements from balloon-borne instruments lofted from Laramie, Wyoming (41.3 degrees N, 105.7 degrees W), and five lidar stations located throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The aerosol cloud covered most of the Northern Hemisphere, extending slightly into the tropics, with peak backscatter measured between 12 and 16 km in altitude. Aerosol concentrations returned to near-background levels by spring 2010. After accounting for expected sources of discrepancy between each of the data sources, the magnitudes and spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth due to the eruption largely agree. In conducting the simulations, we likely overestimated both particle size and the amount of SO (sub 2) injected into the stratosphere, resulting in modeled optical depth values that were a factor of 2-4 too high. Modeled optical depth due to the eruption shows a peak too late in high latitudes and too early in low latitudes, suggesting a problem with stratospheric circulation in the model. The model also shows a higher decay rate in optical depth than is observed, showing an inaccuracy in stratospheric removal rates in some seasons. The modeled removal rate of sulfate aerosols from the Sarychev eruption is higher than the rate calculated for aerosols from the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kravitz, Ben AU - Robock, Alan AU - Bourassa, Adam AU - Deshler, Terry AU - Wu, Decheng AU - Mattis, Ina AU - Finger, Fanny AU - Hoffmann, Anne AU - Ritter, Christoph AU - Bitar, Lubna AU - Duck, Thomas J AU - Barnes, John E Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D18211 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D18 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - Russian Pacific region KW - sulfur dioxide KW - Sakhalin Russian Federation KW - general circulation models KW - sulfates KW - atmosphere KW - Russian Federation KW - atmospheric circulation KW - Kuril Islands KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - stratosphere KW - transport KW - atmospheric transport KW - volcanism KW - eruptions KW - volcanoes KW - aerosols KW - Sarychev KW - Asia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1039339914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Simulation+and+observations+of+stratospheric+aerosols+from+the+2009+Sarychev+volcanic+eruption&rft.au=Kravitz%2C+Ben%3BRobock%2C+Alan%3BBourassa%2C+Adam%3BDeshler%2C+Terry%3BWu%2C+Decheng%3BMattis%2C+Ina%3BFinger%2C+Fanny%3BHoffmann%2C+Anne%3BRitter%2C+Christoph%3BBitar%2C+Lubna%3BDuck%2C+Thomas+J%3BBarnes%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Kravitz&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D18&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD015501 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; Asia; atmosphere; atmospheric circulation; atmospheric transport; Commonwealth of Independent States; eruptions; general circulation models; Kuril Islands; Russian Federation; Russian Pacific region; Sakhalin Russian Federation; Sarychev; stratosphere; sulfates; sulfur dioxide; transport; volcanism; volcanoes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015501 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation AN - 1039339814; 2012-081291 AB - Aerosols impact the microphysical properties of clouds by serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN). By modifying cloud properties, aerosols have the potential to alter the location and intensity of precipitation, but determining the magnitude and reproducibility of aerosol-induced changes to precipitation remains a significant challenge to experimentalists and modelers. During the CalWater Early Start campaign (22 February to 11 March 2009), a uniquely comprehensive set of atmospheric chemistry, precipitation, and meteorological measurements were made during two extratropical cyclones. These two storms showed enhanced integrated water vapor concentrations and horizontal water vapor transports due to atmospheric river conditions and, together, produced 23% of the annual precipitation and 38% of the maximum snowpack at California's Central Sierra Snow Lab (CSSL). Precipitation measurements of insoluble residues showed very different chemistry occurring during the two storms with the first one showing mostly organic species from biomass burning, whereas the second storm showed a transition from biomass burning organics to the dominance of Asian dust. As shown herein, the dust was transported across the Pacific during the second storm and became incorporated into the colder high-altitude precipitating orographic clouds over the Sierra Nevada. The second storm produced 1.4 times as much precipitation and increased the snowpack by 1.6 times at CSSL relative to the first storm. As described in previous measurement and modeling studies, dust can effectively serve as ice nuclei, leading to increased riming rates and enhanced precipitation efficiency, which ultimately can contribute to differences in precipitation. Future modeling studies will help deconvolute the meteorological, microphysical, and aerosol factors leading to these differences and will use CalWater's meteorological and aerosol observations to constrain the model-based interpretations. The ultimate goal of such combined efforts is to use the results to improve aerosol-cloud impacts on precipitation in regional climate models. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Ault, Andrew P AU - Williams, Christopher R AU - White, Allen B AU - Neiman, Paul J AU - Creamean, Jessie M AU - Gaston, Cassandra J AU - Ralph, F Martin AU - Prather, Kimberly A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D16205 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D16 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - biomass KW - ice physics KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - fires KW - California KW - snowpack KW - mineral composition KW - transport KW - ice KW - snow KW - sediments KW - storms KW - chemical composition KW - meteorology KW - rain KW - clouds KW - clastic sediments KW - Central California KW - cloud physics KW - ice nuclei KW - deposition KW - atmospheric transport KW - dust KW - aerosols KW - wind transport KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1039339814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Asian+dust+in+California+orographic+precipitation&rft.au=Ault%2C+Andrew+P%3BWilliams%2C+Christopher+R%3BWhite%2C+Allen+B%3BNeiman%2C+Paul+J%3BCreamean%2C+Jessie+M%3BGaston%2C+Cassandra+J%3BRalph%2C+F+Martin%3BPrather%2C+Kimberly+A&rft.aulast=Ault&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D16&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD015351 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; atmospheric precipitation; atmospheric transport; biomass; California; Central California; chemical composition; clastic sediments; cloud physics; clouds; deposition; dust; fires; ice; ice nuclei; ice physics; meteorology; mineral composition; rain; sediments; Sierra Nevada; snow; snowpack; storms; transport; United States; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015351 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Use of Vignettes in Cross-Cultural Cognitive Testing of Survey Instruments AN - 1030869596; 201228052 AB - Cognitive interviewing (CI) is a pretesting technique that elicits respondents' interpretations of survey questions as a means to evaluate and revise them. Vignettes are sometimes used as a part of the cognitive testing method. There has been little research on using vignettes in the testing of survey translations. This article examines the use of vignettes in two Spanish and English pretesting projects at the U.S. Census Bureau. The authors examine findings across English and Spanish cases in the two studies and discuss areas for future research. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.] JF - Field Methods AU - Goerman, Patricia L AU - Clifton, Matthew AD - Center for Survey Measurement, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, USA patricia.l.goerman@census.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 362 EP - 378 PB - Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks CA VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1525-822X, 1525-822X KW - vignettes bilingual cognitive testing Spanish survey translation KW - Surveys KW - Interviews KW - Crosscultural Differences KW - Cognition KW - article KW - 0514: culture and social structure; social anthropology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1030869596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Field+Methods&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Vignettes+in+Cross-Cultural+Cognitive+Testing+of+Survey+Instruments&rft.au=Goerman%2C+Patricia+L%3BClifton%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Goerman&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Field+Methods&rft.issn=1525822X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F1525822X11416188 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cognition; Interviews; Surveys; Crosscultural Differences DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822X11416188 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Use of Cognitive Interviewing to Explore the Effectiveness of Advance Supplemental Materials among Five Language Groups AN - 1030869594; 201228044 AB - Prior research has shown that the use of a prenotification letter is effective in improving mail survey response rate. However, little is known about whether an advance supplemental brochure will have a similar effect. The research documented in this article serves two purposes: First, this exploratory study uses qualitative data from cognitive interviews conducted with five language groups to understand why a multilingual brochure inserted with an English advance letter might or might not enhance survey participation among non-English-speaking respondents. Second, this research highlights the issues in analyzing secondary data collected using cross-cultural cognitive interview methods in which the interviews have been conducted, translated, interpreted, and summarized by language experts into English summaries. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.] JF - Field Methods AU - Chan, Anna Y AU - Pan, Yuling AD - Center for Survey Measurement, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, USA anna.y.chan@census.gov Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 342 EP - 361 PB - Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks CA VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1525-822X, 1525-822X KW - cross-cultural cognitive interview methods multilingual supplemental advance mailing materials KW - Research Responses KW - Participation KW - English Language KW - Interviews KW - Crosscultural Differences KW - Cognition KW - article KW - 0514: culture and social structure; social anthropology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1030869594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+Estimating+the+Minimum+Number+of+Offspring+to+Sample+in+Studies+of+Reproductive+Success&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Joseph+H%3BWard%2C+Eric+J%3BCarlson%2C+Stephanie+M&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.issn=00221503&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjhered%2Fesr060 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cognition; English Language; Participation; Research Responses; Interviews; Crosscultural Differences DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822X11414836 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Authentication of African green monkey cell lines using human short tandem repeat markers AN - 1024663623; 16863395 AB - Background: Tools for authenticating cell lines are critical for quality control in cell-based biological experiments. Currently there are methods to authenticate human cell lines using short tandem repeat (STR) markers based on the technology and procedures successfully used in the forensic community for human identification, but there are no STR based methods for authenticating nonhuman cell lines to date. There is significant homology between the human and vervet monkey genome and we utilized these similarities to design the first multiplex assay based on human STR markers for vervet cell line identification. Results: The following STR markers were incorporated into the vervet multiplex PCR assay: D17S1304, D5S1467, D19S245, D1S518, D8S1106, D4S2408, D6S1017, and DYS389. The eight markers were successful in uniquely identifying sixty-two vervet monkey DNA samples and confirmed that Vero76 cells and COS-7 cells were derived from Vero and CV-1 cells, respectively. The multiplex assay shows specificity for vervet DNA within the determined allele range for vervet monkeys; however, the primers will also amplify human DNA for each marker resulting in amplicons outside the vervet allele range in several of the loci. The STR markers showed genetic stability in over sixty-nine passages of Vero cells, suggesting low mutation rates in the targeted STR sequences in the Vero cell line. Conclusions: A functional vervet multiplex assay consisting of eight human STR markers with heterozygosity values ranging from 0.53-0.79 was successful in uniquely identifying sixty-two vervet monkey samples. The probability of a random match using these eight markers between any two vervet samples is approximately 1 in 1.9 million. While authenticating a vervet cell line, the multiplex assay may also be a useful indicator for human cell line contamination since the assay is based on human STR markers. JF - BMC Biotechnology AU - Almeida, Jamie L AU - Hill, Carolyn R AU - Cole, Kenneth D AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biochemical Science Division, Bioassay Methods Group, 100 Bureau Drive MS8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 102 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House London W1T 4LB United Kingdom VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1472-6750, 1472-6750 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Short tandem repeats KW - Vero cells KW - Contamination KW - Homology KW - Quality control KW - Forensic science KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - Mutation rates KW - Heterozygosity KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1024663623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Authentication+of+African+green+monkey+cell+lines+using+human+short+tandem+repeat+markers&rft.au=Almeida%2C+Jamie+L%3BHill%2C+Carolyn+R%3BCole%2C+Kenneth+D&rft.aulast=Almeida&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Biotechnology&rft.issn=14726750&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1472-6750-11-102 L2 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/11/102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Short tandem repeats; Homology; Contamination; Vero cells; Quality control; Forensic science; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Mutation rates; Heterozygosity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-11-102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of dynamic threshold in sea and lake ice mapping and monitoring AN - 1024651268; 15163987 AB - Ice detection and monitoring algorithms using visible and infrared images are generally founded on thresholds-based approaches. Classification of features over ice covered sea requires a series of reliable thresholds. The change in surface conditions throughout the season affects these thresholds and makes their adjustment necessary. This study proposes an operational method based on a set of dynamic thresholds for ice and water identification using data from a geostationary satellite. The Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite data has been used. The proposed approach has been tested and validated over the Caspian Sea. Visible, near infrared and thermal infrared channels are being used to automatically create a cloud mask for a single image. The dynamic threshold is being developed to clarify the misclassification of ice and water pixels. The constant and dynamic thresholds have been used in comparison and applied to classification model. Dynamic threshold is used with reflectance channels R01 (0.6 mu ) and R02 (0.8 mu ) and the near infrared channel R03 (1.6 mu ). JF - International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology AU - Nazari, Rouzbeh AU - Khanbilvardi, Reza AD - NOAA-CREST Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA. Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 37 EP - 46 PB - Inderscience Publishers Ltd., PO Box 735 Olney Bucks MK46 5WB United Kingdom VL - 1 IS - 1-2 SN - 2042-7808, 2042-7808 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Reflectance KW - Eurasia, Caspian Sea KW - Algorithms KW - METEOSAT KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Classification KW - Sea Ice KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variability KW - Science and technology KW - Marine KW - Satellite Technology KW - Geostationary satellites KW - Dynamics KW - Channels KW - Clouds KW - Automated cartography KW - Satellite data KW - Lake ice KW - Sea ice KW - Monitoring KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 556.55:Lakes, Reservoirs, Ponds (556.55) KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1024651268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hydrology+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Application+of+dynamic+threshold+in+sea+and+lake+ice+mapping+and+monitoring&rft.au=Nazari%2C+Rouzbeh%3BKhanbilvardi%2C+Reza&rft.aulast=Nazari&rft.aufirst=Rouzbeh&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Hydrology+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=20427808&rft_id=info:doi/10.1504%2FIJHST.2011.040739 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Automated cartography; Sea ice; Lake ice; Reflectance; Classification; Hydrology; Clouds; Satellite data; Algorithms; Seasonal variability; METEOSAT; Geostationary satellites; Science and technology; Remote Sensing; Channels; Satellite Technology; Hydrologic Models; Sea Ice; Monitoring; Dynamics; Eurasia, Caspian Sea; Marine; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJHST.2011.040739 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Data Sources on the Foreign Born and Immigration AN - 1023023388; 201214729 AB - Migration data can be divided into two broad types: "stock" or census and survey data and "flow" or administrative data. Both stock and flow data are valuable resources for analyzing the migration process. In the statistical system of the United States, the U.S. Census Bureau is the primary source for census and survey data on the foreign born. The Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. State Department provide several different administrative sources for studying immigration. The goal of this study is to review the best sources of government data available for analyzing (1) the size, distribution, and characteristics of the foreign-born population and their households and (2) the level of immigration into the United States, and the distribution and characteristics of immigrants by status. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Migration Review AU - Grieco, Elizabeth M AU - Rytina, Nancy F AD - Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau Y1 - 2011///0, PY - 2011 DA - 0, 2011 SP - 1001 EP - 1016 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0197-9183, 0197-9183 KW - Security KW - Immigration KW - Households KW - Immigrants KW - United States of America KW - Census KW - Population Distribution KW - National Security KW - Migration KW - article KW - 9067: international relations; refugees/immigration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1023023388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=U.S.+Data+Sources+on+the+Foreign+Born+and+Immigration&rft.au=Grieco%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BRytina%2C+Nancy+F&rft.aulast=Grieco&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunotoxicology&rft.issn=1547-6901&rft_id=info:doi/10.3109%2F1547691X.2010.527868 LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - IMGRBI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Census; Immigration; Migration; Population Distribution; United States of America; National Security; Immigrants; Security; Households DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00874_4.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical considerations for modeling sediment transport dynamics in rivers AN - 1017951182; 2012-051297 AB - Sediment transport dynamics are some of the most important aspects to consider in river restoration and management projects. Restoring a river usually involves the manipulation of its flow conditions, channel cross sections, channel alignment, sediment supply, bed material composition, and riparian conditions, all of which directly or indirectly affect sediment transport dynamics. Because a river will be reshaped through sediment transport process following restoration, a lack of or an inadequate consideration of postrestoration sediment transport dynamics may result in poor performance or failure of the project. Here we discuss some practical considerations in sediment transport modeling as a guide for resource managers overseeing river restoration projects as well as sediment transport practitioners. The discussion is not intended as a "how to" guide or a thorough review of the scientific literature pertaining to sediment transport. Instead, the project examples discussed herein are intended to illustrate some of the lessons learned from our experiences in conducting sediment transport analyses for applied projects. The examples are not necessarily river restoration projects, but the practical considerations discussed should generally apply to any sediment transport analysis, including those for river restoration projects. JF - Geophysical Monograph AU - Cui, Yantao AU - Dusterhoff, Scott R AU - Wooster, John K AU - Downs, Peter W Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 503 EP - 527 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 194 SN - 0065-8448, 0065-8448 KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - sediment transport KW - stream sediments KW - landform evolution KW - rivers and streams KW - rivers KW - models KW - transport KW - streamflow KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - geomorphology KW - fluvial environment KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017951182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Monograph&rft.atitle=Practical+considerations+for+modeling+sediment+transport+dynamics+in+rivers&rft.au=Cui%2C+Yantao%3BDusterhoff%2C+Scott+R%3BWooster%2C+John+K%3BDowns%2C+Peter+W&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.aufirst=Yantao&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=9781118666678&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Monograph&rft.issn=00658448&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010GM001008 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - GPMGAD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; fluvial environment; fluvial features; geomorphology; hydrology; landform evolution; models; rivers; rivers and streams; sediment transport; sediments; stream sediments; streamflow; transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GM001008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dust storm over the Black Rock Desert; larger-scale dynamic signatures AN - 1017950389; 2012-051142 AB - A dust storm that originated over the Black Rock Desert (BRD) of northwestern Nevada is investigated. Our primary goal is to more clearly understand the sequence of dynamical processes that generate surface winds responsible for entraining dust from this desert. In addition to reliance on conventional surface and upper-air observations, we make use of reanalysis data sets (NCAR/NCEP and NARR)--blends of primitive equation model forecasts and observations. From these data sets, we obtain the evolution of vertical motion patterns and ageostrophic motions associated with the event. In contrast to earlier studies that have emphasized the importance of indirect transverse circulations about an upper-level jet streak, our results indicate that in this case the transition from an indirect to a direct circulation pattern across the exit region of upper-level jet streak is central to creation of low-level winds that ablate dust from the desert. It is further argued that the transition of vertical circulation patterns is in response to adjustments to geostrophic imbalance--an adjustment time scale of 6-9 h. Although unproven, we suggest that antecedent rainfall over the alkali desert 2 weeks prior to the event was instrumental in lowering the bulk density of sediments and thereby improved the chances for dust ablation by the atmospheric disturbance. We comprehensively compare/contrast our results with those of earlier investigators, and we present an alternative view of key dynamical signatures in atmospheric flow that portend the likelihood of dust storms over the western United States. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Lewis, John M AU - Kaplan, Michael L AU - Vellore, Ramesh AU - Rabin, Robert M AU - Hallett, John AU - Cohn, Stephen A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation D06113 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - D6 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - dust storms KW - North America KW - Black Rock Desert KW - Pershing County Nevada KW - Basin and Range Province KW - clastic sediments KW - northwestern Nevada KW - sedimentation KW - Humboldt County Nevada KW - atmospheric circulation KW - transport KW - Western U.S. KW - dust KW - sediments KW - wind transport KW - terrestrial sedimentation KW - Nevada KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017950389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Dust+storm+over+the+Black+Rock+Desert%3B+larger-scale+dynamic+signatures&rft.au=Lewis%2C+John+M%3BKaplan%2C+Michael+L%3BVellore%2C+Ramesh%3BRabin%2C+Robert+M%3BHallett%2C+John%3BCohn%2C+Stephen+A&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=D6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2010JD014784 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric circulation; Basin and Range Province; Black Rock Desert; clastic sediments; dust; dust storms; Humboldt County Nevada; Nevada; North America; northwestern Nevada; Pershing County Nevada; sedimentation; sediments; terrestrial sedimentation; transport; United States; Western U.S.; wind transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014784 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seafloor seismic observations flanking the South Island of New Zealand; the MOANA Ocean Bottom Seismic Experiment AN - 1008850292; 626703-17 JF - GNS Science Miscellaneous Series AU - Sheehan, A AU - Collins, J AU - Molnar, P AU - Yang, Z AU - Zietlow, D AU - Ball, J AU - Stachnik, J AU - Mungov, G AU - Savage, M AU - Hammond, K A T AU - Wallace, L M AU - Bangs, N AU - Bell, R E AU - Henrys, S A AU - Mountjoy, J J AU - Pecher, I A AU - Silver, E A Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - GNS Science, Lower Hutt VL - 39 SN - 1177-2441, 1177-2441 KW - South Island KW - ocean bottom seismographs KW - seismographs KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008850292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GNS+Science+Miscellaneous+Series&rft.atitle=Seafloor+seismic+observations+flanking+the+South+Island+of+New+Zealand%3B+the+MOANA+Ocean+Bottom+Seismic+Experiment&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+A%3BCollins%2C+J%3BMolnar%2C+P%3BYang%2C+Z%3BZietlow%2C+D%3BBall%2C+J%3BStachnik%2C+J%3BMungov%2C+G%3BSavage%2C+M%3BHammond%2C+K+A+T%3BWallace%2C+L+M%3BBangs%2C+N%3BBell%2C+R+E%3BHenrys%2C+S+A%3BMountjoy%2C+J+J%3BPecher%2C+I+A%3BSilver%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9780478198478&rft.btitle=&rft.title=GNS+Science+Miscellaneous+Series&rft.issn=11772441&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - IODP workshop on Using ocean drilling to unlock the secrets of slow slip events N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science), Lower Hutt, New Zealand N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ocean bottom seismographs; seismographs; South Island ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the variability of the Mediterranean outflow water in the North Atlantic from 1948 to 2006 AN - 1008818462; 2012-041084 AB - Recent work has shown that variability in the properties and/or transport of Mediterranean Seawaters spilling across the Strait of Gibraltar into the North Atlantic have had little impact on the variability of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) in the that basin over the past fifty years. Here we investigate whether circulation changes are the dominant source of MOW variability in the North Atlantic between 1948 and 2006. Using a 1/3 degrees North Atlantic configuration of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model combined with the Marginal Sea Boundary Condition model, two simulations forced by either climatological or interannual atmospheric fields are performed. The interannual simulation reproduces the observed MOW variability without Mediterranean Seawater changes. Thus, we conclude that MOW variability in the last 60 years is a consequence of circulation changes in the North Atlantic. A series of simulations that separate the mechanical effect of the wind from the impact of buoyancy forcing show that MOW variability can be attributed to shifts between its dominant northward and westward pathways. The pathway shifts from predominantly northward between 1950 and 1975 to predominantly westward between 1975 and 1995 and finally back to northward after 1995. Though these pathway shifts appear to be wind-induced, the property changes are caused by the combined impact of wind and buoyancy forcing on the circulation of the North Atlantic. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Bozec, Alexandra AU - Lozier, M Susan AU - Chassignet, Eric P AU - Halliwell, George R Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 EP - Citation C09033 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 116 IS - C9 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - currents KW - ocean circulation KW - Strait of Gibraltar KW - marine transport KW - ocean currents KW - atmospheric circulation KW - thermohaline circulation KW - transport KW - climate effects KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - North Atlantic KW - winds KW - West Mediterranean KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008818462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=On+the+variability+of+the+Mediterranean+outflow+water+in+the+North+Atlantic+from+1948+to+2006&rft.au=Bozec%2C+Alexandra%3BLozier%2C+M+Susan%3BChassignet%2C+Eric+P%3BHalliwell%2C+George+R&rft.aulast=Bozec&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=C9&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2011JC007191 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; atmospheric circulation; climate effects; currents; marine transport; Mediterranean Sea; North Atlantic; ocean circulation; ocean currents; Strait of Gibraltar; thermohaline circulation; transport; West Mediterranean; winds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007191 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probabilistic Approaches to Setting Acceptable Biological Catch and Annual Catch Targets for Multiple Years: Reconciling Methodology with National Standards Guidelines AN - 904466706; 14309112 AB - In U.S. federal fishery management, acceptable biological catch (ABC) is set below (or equal to) the overfishing limit to account for scientific uncertainty, and annual catch targets (ACTs) are set below (or equal to) the ABC to account for implementation uncertainty (i.e., imperfect management control). In previous papers, we discussed probabilistic approaches to setting target and limit reference points for fishery management. Here, we explain how those approaches can be adapted to provide ABCs and ACTs over multiple years and otherwise made consist with recent revisions to the National Standards Guidelines, a part of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations that describes implementation of the Magnuson-Stevens Reauthorization Act. Although described in terms of U.S. fishery management, our methods are sufficiently general for use by researchers in U.S. state agencies or elsewhere in the world. We demonstrate them via an example application to vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens in U.S. Atlantic waters. JF - Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science AU - Shertzer, Kyle W AU - Prager, Michael H AU - Williams, Erik H AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA Y1 - 2010/12/30/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Dec 30 SP - 451 EP - 458 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA IS - 2010 SN - 1942-5120, 1942-5120 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - USA KW - Fishery management KW - Rhomboplites aurorubens KW - Overfishing KW - Coastal fisheries KW - Governments KW - A, Atlantic KW - Methodology KW - Coastal zone management KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/904466706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.atitle=Thermal+properties+of+high-volume+fly+ash+mortars+and+concretes&rft.au=Bentz%2C+D+P%3BPeltz%2C+MA%3BDuran-Herrera%2C+A%3BValdez%2C+P%3BJuarez%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Thermal+Envelope+and+Building+Science&rft.issn=10971963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishery management; Overfishing; Governments; Coastal fisheries; Coastal zone management; Methodology; Rhomboplites aurorubens; USA; A, Atlantic; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/fidm-02-17-01 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tooth chipping can reveal the diet and bite forces of fossil hominins AN - 1371766653; 2013-050898 AB - Mammalian tooth enamel is often chipped, providing clear evidence for localized contacts with large hard food objects. Here, we apply a simple fracture equation to estimate peak bite forces directly from chip size. Many fossil hominins exhibit antemortem chips on their posterior teeth, indicating their use of high bite forces. The inference that these species must have consumed large hard foods such as seeds is supported by the occurrence of similar chips among known modern-day seed predators such as orangutans and peccaries. The existence of tooth chip signatures also provides a way of identifying the consumption of rarely eaten foods that dental microwear and isotopic analysis are unlikely to detect. JF - Biology Letters AU - Constantino, Paul J AU - Lee, James J W AU - Chai, Herzl AU - Zipfel, Bernhard AU - Ziscovici, Charles AU - Lawn, Brian R AU - Lucas, Peter W Y1 - 2010/12/23/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Dec 23 SP - 826 EP - 829 PB - Royal Society, London VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1744-9561, 1744-9561 KW - Chordata KW - modern analogs KW - diet KW - living taxa KW - Paranthropus KW - enamel KW - biomechanics KW - Australopithecus KW - Mammalia KW - feeding KW - Homo KW - Australopithecinae KW - teeth KW - Primates KW - Hominidae KW - Theria KW - cracks KW - Vertebrata KW - Eutheria KW - Tetrapoda KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1371766653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Tooth+chipping+can+reveal+the+diet+and+bite+forces+of+fossil+hominins&rft.au=Constantino%2C+Paul+J%3BLee%2C+James+J+W%3BChai%2C+Herzl%3BZipfel%2C+Bernhard%3BZiscovici%2C+Charles%3BLawn%2C+Brian+R%3BLucas%2C+Peter+W&rft.aulast=Constantino&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-12-23&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+Letters&rft.issn=17449561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frsbl.2010.0304 L2 - http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Royal Society, London, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article; NSF grants 0851351 and 0725122 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australopithecinae; Australopithecus; biomechanics; Chordata; cracks; diet; enamel; Eutheria; feeding; Hominidae; Homo; living taxa; Mammalia; modern analogs; Paranthropus; Primates; teeth; Tetrapoda; Theria; Vertebrata DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0304 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. [Part 2 of 2] T2 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. AN - 873129345; 14746-6_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The assessment of a proposed 10-year plan for Navy training and Navy research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) activities, and associated range capabilities enhancements in the Gulf of Mexico Range Complex (GOMEX) is presented. GOMEX encompasses offshore operating areas, inland ranges, and associated airspace within the Gulf of Mexico and the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The GOMEX encompasses 17,440 square nautical miles of offshore surface and subsurface operating areas and 12,072 square nautical miles of shallow ocean area less than 600 feet deep. These offshore operating areas include overlying special use airspace called warning areas. The GOMEX also encompasses 19.8 square miles of land area, including two land targets (McMullen County Range and Noxubee County Range) and the associated restricted airspace. In addition, the complex includes several high altitude overland airspace areas known as military operating areas. Finally, the complex includes several other training areas, including the Naval Air Station Panama City Demolition Pond and the Western Maneuver Area at the Stennis Space Center. The complex would host research and training activities in all eight functional areas associated with Navy primary mission areas, specifically, air warfare, strike warfare, mine warfare, amphibious warfare, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, electronic combat, and naval special warfare. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to potential impacts on commercial shipping, the tourism industry, marine mammals and essential fish habitat, coastal zones, and submerged cultural resources. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative which would perpetuate current training activities within GOMEX, are considered in this final EIS. The preferred alternative (Alternative 2) would significantly expand training and RDT&E activities throughout GOMEX in response to the recently developed Fleet Response Training Plan. Training modifications would include conducting new unit level training associated with Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-204 air-to-surface bomb training and elimination of mine warfare training within the GOMEX. The use of high explosive (HE) bombs during most major exercise air-to-surface bombing events would be eliminated in favor of non-explosive practice munition bombs. Under Alternative 2, four HE bombs would be used during one unit level training event. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the 10-year plan would help achieve and maintain fleet readiness by upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities to enhance Navy training and RDT&E activities. The Navy could continue to effectively counter the array of threats it faces by bringing together thousands of sailors and marines, their equipment, vehicles, ships, and aircraft for training purposes within the GOMEX. The complex would also support joint training operations with other branches of the U.S. military and with the military of U.S. allies. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Continued environmental and/or social stressors resulting from operations within GOMEX would include vessel movement disturbance; towed mine warfare devices; aircraft noise, including sonic booms; explosion of high-explosive ordnance; disturbances caused by the use of non-explosive munitions; and detritus from expended material. The use of explosive munitions would release toxins into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Underwater explosions and the use of sonar could affect the directional abilities of marine mammals, and a number of the animals would be injured or killed due to collisions with vessels. Explosives and ship movements would also place sea turtles at risk, including endangered species. Restrictions on airspace and Gulf operating areas would prevent the use of these areas by other transportation interests during operations, though such operations would invariably be of short duration. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0012D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100476, Final EIS--944 pages and Appendices--436 pages on CD-ROM, December 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety Analyses KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Transportation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alabama KW - Florida KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Texas KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.title=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, United States Fleet Forces, Norfolk, Virginia; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. [Part 1 of 2] T2 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. AN - 873129025; 14746-6_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The assessment of a proposed 10-year plan for Navy training and Navy research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) activities, and associated range capabilities enhancements in the Gulf of Mexico Range Complex (GOMEX) is presented. GOMEX encompasses offshore operating areas, inland ranges, and associated airspace within the Gulf of Mexico and the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The GOMEX encompasses 17,440 square nautical miles of offshore surface and subsurface operating areas and 12,072 square nautical miles of shallow ocean area less than 600 feet deep. These offshore operating areas include overlying special use airspace called warning areas. The GOMEX also encompasses 19.8 square miles of land area, including two land targets (McMullen County Range and Noxubee County Range) and the associated restricted airspace. In addition, the complex includes several high altitude overland airspace areas known as military operating areas. Finally, the complex includes several other training areas, including the Naval Air Station Panama City Demolition Pond and the Western Maneuver Area at the Stennis Space Center. The complex would host research and training activities in all eight functional areas associated with Navy primary mission areas, specifically, air warfare, strike warfare, mine warfare, amphibious warfare, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, electronic combat, and naval special warfare. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to potential impacts on commercial shipping, the tourism industry, marine mammals and essential fish habitat, coastal zones, and submerged cultural resources. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative which would perpetuate current training activities within GOMEX, are considered in this final EIS. The preferred alternative (Alternative 2) would significantly expand training and RDT&E activities throughout GOMEX in response to the recently developed Fleet Response Training Plan. Training modifications would include conducting new unit level training associated with Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-204 air-to-surface bomb training and elimination of mine warfare training within the GOMEX. The use of high explosive (HE) bombs during most major exercise air-to-surface bombing events would be eliminated in favor of non-explosive practice munition bombs. Under Alternative 2, four HE bombs would be used during one unit level training event. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the 10-year plan would help achieve and maintain fleet readiness by upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities to enhance Navy training and RDT&E activities. The Navy could continue to effectively counter the array of threats it faces by bringing together thousands of sailors and marines, their equipment, vehicles, ships, and aircraft for training purposes within the GOMEX. The complex would also support joint training operations with other branches of the U.S. military and with the military of U.S. allies. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Continued environmental and/or social stressors resulting from operations within GOMEX would include vessel movement disturbance; towed mine warfare devices; aircraft noise, including sonic booms; explosion of high-explosive ordnance; disturbances caused by the use of non-explosive munitions; and detritus from expended material. The use of explosive munitions would release toxins into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Underwater explosions and the use of sonar could affect the directional abilities of marine mammals, and a number of the animals would be injured or killed due to collisions with vessels. Explosives and ship movements would also place sea turtles at risk, including endangered species. Restrictions on airspace and Gulf operating areas would prevent the use of these areas by other transportation interests during operations, though such operations would invariably be of short duration. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0012D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100476, Final EIS--944 pages and Appendices--436 pages on CD-ROM, December 16, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety Analyses KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Transportation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alabama KW - Florida KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Texas KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.title=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, United States Fleet Forces, Norfolk, Virginia; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GULF OF MEXICO RANGE COMPLEX, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS. AN - 16369150; 14746 AB - PURPOSE: The assessment of a proposed 10-year plan for Navy training and Navy research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) activities, and associated range capabilities enhancements in the Gulf of Mexico Range Complex (GOMEX) is presented. GOMEX encompasses offshore operating areas, inland ranges, and associated airspace within the Gulf of Mexico and the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The GOMEX encompasses 17,440 square nautical miles of offshore surface and subsurface operating areas and 12,072 square nautical miles of shallow ocean area less than 600 feet deep. These offshore operating areas include overlying special use airspace called warning areas. The GOMEX also encompasses 19.8 square miles of land area, including two land targets (McMullen County Range and Noxubee County Range) and the associated restricted airspace. In addition, the complex includes several high altitude overland airspace areas known as military operating areas. Finally, the complex includes several other training areas, including the Naval Air Station Panama City Demolition Pond and the Western Maneuver Area at the Stennis Space Center. The complex would host research and training activities in all eight functional areas associated with Navy primary mission areas, specifically, air warfare, strike warfare, mine warfare, amphibious warfare, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, electronic combat, and naval special warfare. Key issues identified during scoping include those related to potential impacts on commercial shipping, the tourism industry, marine mammals and essential fish habitat, coastal zones, and submerged cultural resources. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative which would perpetuate current training activities within GOMEX, are considered in this final EIS. The preferred alternative (Alternative 2) would significantly expand training and RDT&E activities throughout GOMEX in response to the recently developed Fleet Response Training Plan. Training modifications would include conducting new unit level training associated with Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-204 air-to-surface bomb training and elimination of mine warfare training within the GOMEX. The use of high explosive (HE) bombs during most major exercise air-to-surface bombing events would be eliminated in favor of non-explosive practice munition bombs. Under Alternative 2, four HE bombs would be used during one unit level training event. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the 10-year plan would help achieve and maintain fleet readiness by upgrading and modernizing existing range capabilities to enhance Navy training and RDT&E activities. The Navy could continue to effectively counter the array of threats it faces by bringing together thousands of sailors and marines, their equipment, vehicles, ships, and aircraft for training purposes within the GOMEX. The complex would also support joint training operations with other branches of the U.S. military and with the military of U.S. allies. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Continued environmental and/or social stressors resulting from operations within GOMEX would include vessel movement disturbance; towed mine warfare devices; aircraft noise, including sonic booms; explosion of high-explosive ordnance; disturbances caused by the use of non-explosive munitions; and detritus from expended material. The use of explosive munitions would release toxins into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Underwater explosions and the use of sonar could affect the directional abilities of marine mammals, and a number of the animals would be injured or killed due to collisions with vessels. Explosives and ship movements would also place sea turtles at risk, including endangered species. Restrictions on airspace and Gulf operating areas would prevent the use of these areas by other transportation interests during operations, though such operations would invariably be of short duration. LEGAL MANDATES: Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (43 U.S.C. 1465) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 09-0012D, Volume 33, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100476, Final EIS--944 pages and Appendices--436 pages on CD-ROM, December 16, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Defense Programs KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft Noise KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Marine Mammals KW - Marine Surveys KW - Marine Systems KW - Military Facilities (Navy) KW - Military Operations (Navy) KW - Munitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety Analyses KW - Ships KW - Sonic Booms KW - Submarines KW - Transportation KW - Weapon Systems KW - Alabama KW - Florida KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Texas KW - Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, Compliance KW - Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16369150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.title=GULF+OF+MEXICO+RANGE+COMPLEX%2C+ALABAMA%2C+FLORIDA%2C+LOUISIANA%2C+MISSISSIPPI%2C+AND+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Navy, United States Fleet Forces, Norfolk, Virginia; NAVY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 16, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topological analysis of the ecological importance of elasmobranch fishes: A food web study on the Gulf of Tortugas, Colombia AN - 807294134; 13890382 AB - We built a trophic network based on a matrix of interspecific trophic relationships to assess the role of elasmobranch fishes in shaping community structure of the Gulf of Tortugas in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. We analyzed diet similarities to define trophic components (nodes) - rather than taxonomical groups - in the network. We evaluated the ecological function of species or trophic entities through topological analysis of their structural importance in trophic networks by applying one local and several mesoscale network indices. We found that top predatory elasmobranchs play an important ecological role in top-down control and in propagating indirect effects through the system owing to high values of the node degree, centrality and topological importance indices. However, invertebrates and teleost fishes had higher connectivity and topological importance than other elasmobranchs in the network before and after removal of top predators from the system. Results from our study thus suggest that elasmobranchs at intermediate trophic levels - commonly referred to as "mesopredators" - are not so important in all complex coastal ecosystems as previously reported. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Navia, Andres F AU - Cortes, Enric AU - Mejia-Falla, Paola A AD - Fundacion Colombiana para la Investigacion y Conservacion de Tiburones y Rayas, SQUALUS, Carrera 79 No 6-37, Cali, Colombia, enric.cortes@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Dec 15 SP - 2918 EP - 2926 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 221 IS - 24 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Sharks KW - Skates KW - Rays KW - Food webs KW - Key species KW - Mesopredators KW - ASW, Colombia KW - Predators KW - trophic relationships KW - Trophic relationships KW - invertebrates KW - Pisces KW - Marine fish KW - food webs KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Teleostei KW - Trophic levels KW - predators KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Oceans KW - Fish KW - Nodes KW - Elasmobranchii KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807294134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.atitle=Defining+Essential+Fish+Habitat+for+Atka+Mackerel+with+Respect+to+Feeding+within+and+Adjacent+to+Aleutian+Islands+Trawl+Exclusion+Zones&rft.au=Rand%2C+Kimberly+M%3BLowe%2C+Sandra+A&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15427951.2010.558402 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Community composition; Trophic relationships; Food webs; Diets; Mathematical models; Community structure; Oceans; Predators; Nodes; Trophic levels; Fish; trophic relationships; food webs; invertebrates; predators; Pisces; Elasmobranchii; Teleostei; ASW, Colombia; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.006 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 8 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873127459; 14738-8_0008 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+and+Coastal+Fisheries%3A+Dynamics%2C+Management%2C+and+Ecosystem+Science&rft.issn=19425120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F19425120.2010.549047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 7 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873127453; 14738-8_0007 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 6 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873127442; 14738-8_0006 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 1 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126989; 14738-8_0001 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 5 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126419; 14738-8_0005 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 4 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126412; 14738-8_0004 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 3 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126409; 14738-8_0003 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 2 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126377; 14738-8_0002 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. [Part 9 of 9] T2 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 873126212; 14738-8_0009 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 9 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET (MRGO) ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION STUDY, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI. AN - 848819093; 14738 AB - PURPOSE: A comprehensive restoration plan to restore the Lake Borgne ecosystem and the areas affected by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) navigation channel within coastal southeast Louisiana and parts of southwest Mississippi is proposed. The study area includes portions of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain and encompasses approximately 3.86 million acres or over 6,000 square miles. In Louisiana, the study area includes the Pontchartrain Basin, which is comprised of the Upper, Middle, and Lower sub-basins. The Upper Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Maurepas and its adjacent wetlands and swamps. The Middle Pontchartrain sub-basin is comprised of Lake Pontchartrain, its adjacent cities and towns, and surrounding wetlands. The Lower Pontchartrain sub-basin includes Lake Borgne, the deauthorized MRGO, the Mississippi River, Chandeleur and Breton Sounds, portions of the Gulf of Mexico, and the surrounding wetlands, barrier islands, and communities. In Mississippi, the study area includes the Western Mississippi Sound, its bordering wetlands, and Cat Island. Louisiana parishes in the study area include Ascension, Jefferson, Livingston, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa. Mississippi counties include portions of Hancock and Harrison. Construction and operation of the MRGO, in combination with other natural and man-made factors, has caused direct, indirect and cumulative land loss, shoreline erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat modification, and impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources throughout the project area. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused shoaling in the MRGO channel and, after Congressional request for a plan, the MRGO was officially de-authorized from the confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico as a federal navigation channel. A rock closure structure was constructed across the outlet near the Bayou La Loutre Ridge in St. Bernard Parish in 2009. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative A), are evaluated in this draft EIS. Alternative C, which is the National Ecosystem Restoration Plan and the tentatively selected plan, would restore approximately 58,861 acres of habitat, including 13,950 acres of fresh and intermediate marsh; 33,966 acres of brackish marsh; 10,431 acres of cypress swamp; 466 acres of saline marsh; and 48 acres of ridge habitat. Alternative C includes approximately 70 miles of shoreline protection, and adaptively managed freshwater diversion near Violet, Louisiana. The Violet Freshwater Diversion, pulsing 7,000 cubic feet per second from April to May would influence 115,078 acres. Approximately 11,222 acres of the restoration and protection features would be located in the East Orleans Landbridge/Pearl River area and approximately 9,301 acres of restoration features would be located in the Biloxi Marsh area, which have been determined to be critical landscape features with respect to storm surge. Additionally, the cypress swamp and ridge restoration features include forested habitat demonstrated as having some storm surge damage risk reduction benefits. Three recreation features are proposed under the tentatively selected plan and would be located at Orleans Parish's Bienvenue Triangle, the Violet Freshwater Diversion site in St. Bernard's Parish, and Shell Beach, also in St. Bernard's Parish. Total project construction costs under the tentatively selected plan are estimated at $2.9 billion. POSITIVE IMPACTS: A comprehensive ecosystem restoration plan would modify the MRGO and restore the areas affected by the navigation channel, restore natural features of the ecosystem that will reduce or prevent damage from storm surge, and prevent the intrusion of saltwater into the waterway. The Violet Freshwater Diversion would mimic natural processes and enhance the sustainability of the system through the input of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment. Anticipated outputs of the tentatively selected plan would help address the current trend of degradation of the Lake Borgne ecosystem, support nationally significant resources, provide a sustainable and diverse array of fish and wildlife habitats, provide infrastructure protection, and make progress towards a more sustainable ecosystem. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The diversion channel would result in the loss of 284 acres of prime farmland and 245 acres of wetland. Restoration of the Bayou La Loutre Ridge would result in permanent impacts to 48 acres of brackish marsh. Turbidity as a result of dredging and construction would impact oyster leases temporarily. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and various emergency actions to address oil spill impacts could impact the restoration project. LEGAL MANDATES: Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-624) and Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-114). JF - EPA number: 100468, Draft EIS--543 pages, Draft Feasibility Report--274 pages, December 10, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Channels KW - Coastal Zones KW - Conservation KW - Diversion Structures KW - Dredging KW - Fish KW - Hurricanes KW - Hydrology KW - Lakes KW - Recreation Facilities KW - Salinity Control KW - Sediment KW - Shellfish KW - Shores KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Lake Borgne KW - Lake Pontchartrain KW - Louisiana KW - Mississippi KW - Mississippi River KW - Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958, Compliance KW - Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/848819093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.title=MISSISSIPPI+RIVER+GULF+OUTLET+%28MRGO%29+ECOSYSTEM+RESTORATION+STUDY%2C+LOUISIANA+AND+MISSISSIPPI.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 10, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 53 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129804; 14730-0_0053 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 53 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 52 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129774; 14730-0_0052 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 52 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 51 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129753; 14730-0_0051 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 51 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 50 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129726; 14730-0_0050 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 50 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 49 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129698; 14730-0_0049 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 49 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 40 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129658; 14730-0_0040 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 40 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 30 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129573; 14730-0_0030 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 30 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 29 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129545; 14730-0_0029 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 29 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 28 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129508; 14730-0_0028 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 28 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 27 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129465; 14730-0_0027 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 27 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 24 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129430; 14730-0_0024 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 24 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 19 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129400; 14730-0_0019 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 19 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 48 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129324; 14730-0_0048 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 48 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 47 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129257; 14730-0_0047 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 47 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 54 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129214; 14730-0_0054 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 54 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 44 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129212; 14730-0_0044 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 44 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 42 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129153; 14730-0_0042 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 42 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 41 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129127; 14730-0_0041 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 41 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 37 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129106; 14730-0_0037 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 37 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 36 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129081; 14730-0_0036 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 36 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 32 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129056; 14730-0_0032 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 32 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 31 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129037; 14730-0_0031 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 31 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 23 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873129005; 14730-0_0023 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 23 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873129005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 57 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128971; 14730-0_0057 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 57 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 22 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128967; 14730-0_0022 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 22 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 21 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128942; 14730-0_0021 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 21 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 56 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128933; 14730-0_0056 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 56 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 26 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128912; 14730-0_0026 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 26 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 25 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128895; 14730-0_0025 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 25 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 59 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128805; 14730-0_0059 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 59 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 58 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128786; 14730-0_0058 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 58 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 7 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128703; 14730-0_0007 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 7 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 46 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128696; 14730-0_0046 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 46 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 45 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128668; 14730-0_0045 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 45 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 62 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128652; 14730-0_0062 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 62 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 60 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128636; 14730-0_0060 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 60 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 61 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128626; 14730-0_0061 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 61 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 18 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128597; 14730-0_0018 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 18 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 55 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128578; 14730-0_0055 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 55 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 39 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128498; 14730-0_0039 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 39 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 35 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128478; 14730-0_0035 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 35 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 34 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128466; 14730-0_0034 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 34 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 33 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128432; 14730-0_0033 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 33 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 10 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128328; 14730-0_0010 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 10 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 9 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128321; 14730-0_0009 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 9 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 8 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128309; 14730-0_0008 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 8 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 1 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873128149; 14730-0_0001 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 1 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873128149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 12 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127974; 14730-0_0012 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 12 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 11 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127968; 14730-0_0011 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 11 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 3 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127962; 14730-0_0003 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 3 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 2 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127952; 14730-0_0002 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 2 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 20 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127936; 14730-0_0020 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 20 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 5 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127932; 14730-0_0005 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 5 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 4 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127925; 14730-0_0004 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 4 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 15 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127786; 14730-0_0015 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 15 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 6 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127632; 14730-0_0006 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 6 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 17 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127621; 14730-0_0017 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 17 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 16 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127612; 14730-0_0016 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 16 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 89 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127581; 14730-0_0089 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 89 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 88 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127572; 14730-0_0088 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 88 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 87 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127561; 14730-0_0087 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 87 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 80 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127553; 14730-0_0080 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 80 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 79 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127540; 14730-0_0079 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 79 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 78 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127527; 14730-0_0078 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 78 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 66 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127517; 14730-0_0066 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 66 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 65 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127503; 14730-0_0065 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 65 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 64 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127490; 14730-0_0064 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 64 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 63 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127481; 14730-0_0063 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 63 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 77 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127173; 14730-0_0077 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 77 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 76 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127167; 14730-0_0076 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 76 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 75 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127162; 14730-0_0075 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 75 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 72 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127151; 14730-0_0072 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 72 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 71 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127145; 14730-0_0071 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 71 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 70 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127136; 14730-0_0070 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 70 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 82 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127045; 14730-0_0082 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 82 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 81 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127033; 14730-0_0081 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 81 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 69 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127022; 14730-0_0069 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 69 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 68 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127013; 14730-0_0068 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 68 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 67 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873127002; 14730-0_0067 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 67 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873127002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 74 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126628; 14730-0_0074 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 74 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 86 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126513; 14730-0_0086 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 86 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 85 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126502; 14730-0_0085 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 85 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 84 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126470; 14730-0_0084 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 84 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. [Part 83 of 89] T2 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 873126452; 14730-0_0083 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 VL - 83 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873126452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WA-520 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND HOV PROGRAM, PONTOON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON. AN - 16373193; 14730 AB - PURPOSE: Construction of a new facility in Grays Harbor, Washington to expedite the construction of pontoons required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge over Lake Washington are proposed. The State Route 520 (SR 520) Pontoon Construction Project is one of four projects in the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, which is designed to improve mobility and enhance safety and improve operation throughout the SR 520 corridors. The Evergreen Point Bridge has been damaged by past windstorms and is vulnerable to catastrophic failure. It is a critical component of the Puget Sound regions transportation infrastructure, and the consequences of bridge failure would be severe. The SR 520 Pontoon Construction Project involves building 33 pontoons needed to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in its current configuration as a four-lane bridge. This final EIS evaluates a No Build Alternative and two alternative sites on Grays Harbor: the Anderson & Middleton Alternative in Hoquiam, Washington; and the Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative in Aberdeen, Washington. Both build alternatives would involve construction of a new casting basin facility positioned a few hundred feet from the shoreline and partitioned into two separate work chambers. Completed pontoons would be stored in Grays Harbor in at least 25 feet of water until needed. Based on the current schedule for the planned bridge replacement, pontoons could be stored for an estimated 18 months if there is no catastrophic bridge failure. The Aberdeen Log Yard Alternative is the preferred alternative as the site would allow the use of shorter foundation piles that would result in substantial cost savings. This alternative would also avoid an archeological site eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as well as effects on 4.8 acres of wetlands. The 51-acre site lies on the north shore of Grays Harbor and has recently been used for log storage. The generally flat site, which is undeveloped except for unpaved access roads, is bounded by industrial land uses to the west and east and railroad tracks along the northern boundary; the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. The shoreline at this site is a mix of small patches of vegetation, small and large rocks heavily embedded in mud, and driftwood on the face of a short berm covered with shrubs and alder saplings. Washington Department of Transportation would purchase the whole property, and the casting basin and support facilities would occupy the entire site. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Construction of a new casting basin facility would shorten the time required to replace the Evergreen Point Bridge in the event of bridge failure from 5 years to just 1.5 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Implementation of the preferred alternative would remove 1.04 acre of palustrine wetlands and 0.06 acre of estuarine wetlands. The launch channel would require excavation of three acres within the shoreline, including mudflats and subtidal habitat. Fish and wildlife in the project vicinity could be affected by noise associated with pile-driving. Construction equipment would be visible from residences on south-facing hillsides at either site. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and River and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 10-0165D, Volume 34, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 100460, Executive Summary, Final EIS, and Appendices--CD-ROM, December 2, 2010 PY - 2010 KW - Water KW - Agency number: FHWA-WA-EIS-10-01-F KW - Bridges KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Noise Assessments KW - Section 4(f) Statements KW - Soils Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Wetlands KW - Grays Harbor KW - Lake Washington KW - Puget Sound KW - Washington KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Section 404 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 10 Permits KW - River and Harbor Act of 1899, Section 9 Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.title=WA-520+BRIDGE+REPLACEMENT+AND+HOV+PROGRAM%2C+PONTOON+CONSTRUCTION+PROJECT%2C+GRAYS+HARBOR+COUNTY%2C+WASHINGTON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Olympia, Washington; DOT N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 2, 2010 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CHARACTERIZATION OF CORAL COMMUNITIES AT ROSE ATOLL, AMERICAN SAMOA AN - 926908232; 16380369 AB - To manage resources and interpret ecosystem changes, reef managers benefit from access to the best available scientific data and analyses. Scientific knowledge of the coral communities at Rose Atoll in the central South Pacific has grown since the first visit by scientists in 1839, as has anthropogenic damage, most notably that from a ship grounding and accompanying chemical release in 1993. Given the challenges of operating in this remote, uninhabited location, marine survey activity since that time largely focused on the areas most heavily impacted by the grounding events. Here, we apply multivariate statistical analyses to data acquired in 2002 and 2004 from several complementary survey methods that operate at different scales of spatial and taxonomic resolution to characterize the coral communities at Rose Atoll in relationship to strata defined by habitat, geographic sector, and depth zone. The southeast sector of the fore reef is distinguished from other fore-reef sectors in several analyses, which likely reflects the response of the benthic biota to prevailing trade-wind-driven seas and large waves arriving from the southeast. The southwest fore-reef sector is also distinguished in several analyses; recovery of corals after injury from the vessel grounding on the southwest arm of the fore reef is documented and the special role of pocilloporids in the recovery is highlighted. Coral diversity at Rose Atoll is low compared to larger high volcanic islands to the west in the Samoan Archipelago but is high compared to adjacent atolls and reef islands to the north and east (Tokelau and southern Line Islands) where data are available. We provide a list of 143 anthozoan and hydrozoan corals observed at Rose Atoll during survey activities since 1994. Our spatially widespread surveys that generate independent metrics of benthic cover and coral abundance collectively provide the most comprehensive description of coral communities at Rose Atoll produced to date, which can serve as an important baseline in assessing the direction and pace of future changes. JF - Atoll Research Bulletin AU - Kenyon, J C AU - Maragos, JE AU - Cooper, S AD - Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii and NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96814, USA, Jean.Kenyon@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1 EP - 28 VL - 586 SN - 0077-5630, 0077-5630 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Biological surveys KW - ISE, Pacific, American Samoa KW - Reefs KW - Resource management KW - IS, South Pacific KW - Data processing KW - Volcanic islands KW - Injuries KW - Groundings KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Environmental impact KW - Archipelagoes KW - Wave reflection KW - Atolls KW - Habitat KW - Islands KW - ISE, Pacific, American Samoa, Rose Atoll KW - Coral reefs KW - Corals KW - Waves KW - Canada, British Columbia, Reef I. KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926908232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.atitle=CHARACTERIZATION+OF+CORAL+COMMUNITIES+AT+ROSE+ATOLL%2C+AMERICAN+SAMOA&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+J+C%3BMaragos%2C+JE%3BCooper%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=586&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.issn=00775630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Resource management; Volcanic islands; Groundings; Ecological distribution; Coral reefs; Environmental impact; Archipelagoes; Wave reflection; Reefs; Data processing; Islands; Injuries; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Waves; Corals; Habitat; Atolls; ISE, Pacific, American Samoa; IS, South Pacific; ISE, Pacific, American Samoa, Rose Atoll; Canada, British Columbia, Reef I. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CHARACTERIZATION OF CORAL COMMUNITIES AT KINGMAN REEF IN THE REMOTE CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN AN - 926908226; 16380367 AB - Kingman Reef, an atoll in the northern Line Islands of the central Pacific, is among the last of the remote locations in the U.S. Pacific to be scientifically explored underwater, and previously published surveys of its benthic reef communities have been limited to the seaward- facing fore-reef habitat. Here, we apply multivariate statistical analyses to data acquired in 2004 from several complementary survey methods that operate at different scales of spatial and taxonomic resolution to characterize the coral communities in 5 habitats, 3 of which are further stratified by geographic sector or depth zone. Coral cover is highest in the small lagoon pool inside the southeast vertex of the perimeter reef, followed by the fore reef, patch reefs, reef flat, and lagoon slope. Benthic communities are more highly variable on the fore reef, but the coral cover and colony abundances are less dominated by a few key genera than in other habitats. While the relative representation of coral taxa varies among habitats, Porites, Fungia, Pocillopora, Sinularia, Turbinaria, Acropora, and Favia all contribute > 10% of the total coral cover in at least one habitat. We provide a list of 188 anthozoan and hydrozoan corals observed at Kingman Reef during survey activities since the year 2000. Coral diversity at Kingman is similar to that at Palmyra Atoll to the south but is high compared to other adjacent atolls and reef islands to the south and west (Phoenix and Line Islands) where data are available. Our spatially widespread surveys that generate independent metrics of benthic cover and coral abundance collectively provide the most comprehensive description of coral communities at Kingman Reef produced to date and also provide an important record by which to monitor the response of this community to changing ocean conditions. JF - Atoll Research Bulletin AU - Kenyon, J C AU - Maragos, JE AU - Wilkinson, C B AD - Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, Hawai'i 96814, USA, Jean.Kenyon@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1 EP - 29 VL - 584 SN - 0077-5630, 0077-5630 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Reefs KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Fungia KW - Genetic diversity KW - Sinularia KW - Lagoons KW - Identification keys KW - Colonies KW - Islands KW - Acropora KW - Favia KW - Turbinaria KW - I, Pacific KW - Syria, Palmyra KW - Corals KW - Canada, British Columbia, Reef I. KW - Porites KW - Biological surveys KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - I, Central Pacific KW - Data processing KW - Habitat KW - Atolls KW - USA KW - Oceans KW - Coral reefs KW - Pocillopora KW - Benthos KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1030:Invertebrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926908226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.atitle=CHARACTERIZATION+OF+CORAL+COMMUNITIES+AT+KINGMAN+REEF+IN+THE+REMOTE+CENTRAL+PACIFIC+OCEAN&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+J+C%3BMaragos%2C+JE%3BWilkinson%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=584&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.issn=00775630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Biological surveys; Coral reefs; Genetic diversity; Identification keys; Lagoons; Benthos; Reefs; Colonies; Data processing; Islands; Oceans; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Corals; Atolls; Habitat; Porites; Acropora; Turbinaria; Favia; Pocillopora; Fungia; Sinularia; I, Central Pacific; USA; I, Pacific; Syria, Palmyra; Canada, British Columbia, Reef I.; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: international production modelling workshop AN - 923208474; 13995259 AB - Understanding the drivers that dictate the productivity of marine ecosystems continues to be a globally important issue. A vast literature identifies three main processes that regulate the production dynamics of such ecosystems: biophysical, exploitative and trophodynamic. Exploring the prominence among this 'triad' of drivers, through a synthetic analysis, is critical for understanding how marine ecosystems function and subsequently produce fisheries resources of interest to humans. To explore this topic further, an international workshop was held on 10-14 May 2010, at the National Academy of Science's Jonsson Center in Woods Hole, MA, USA. The workshop compiled the data required to develop production models at different hierarchical levels (e.g. species, guild, ecosystem) for many of the major Northern Hemisphere marine ecosystems that have supported notable fisheries. Analyses focused on comparable total system biomass production, functionally equivalent species production, or simulation studies for 11 different marine fishery ecosystems. Workshop activities also led to new analytical tools. Preliminary results suggested common patterns driving overall fisheries production in these ecosystems, but also highlighted variation in the relative importance of each among ecosystems. JF - Biology Letters AU - Link, Jason S AU - Megrey, Bernard A AU - Miller, Thomas J AU - Essington, Tim AU - Boldt, Jennifer AU - Bundy, Alida AU - Moksness, Erlend AU - Drinkwater, Ken F AU - Perry, RIan AD - National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 723 EP - 726 PB - Royal Society of London, 6 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG UK VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1744-9561, 1744-9561 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Guilds KW - Data processing KW - Conferences KW - Fisheries KW - Marine ecosystems KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/923208474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+marine+ecosystems%3A+international+production+modelling+workshop&rft.au=Link%2C+Jason+S%3BMegrey%2C+Bernard+A%3BMiller%2C+Thomas+J%3BEssington%2C+Tim%3BBoldt%2C+Jennifer%3BBundy%2C+Alida%3BMoksness%2C+Erlend%3BDrinkwater%2C+Ken+F%3BPerry%2C+RIan&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+Letters&rft.issn=17449561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frsbl.2010.0526 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Guilds; Conferences; Fisheries; Marine ecosystems; Biomass; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0526 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly AN - 920804444; 16172769 AB - Murawski, S. A. 2010. Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1830-1840.Recovery of depleted fish populations has become an important theme in national and international negotiations and commitments regarding sustainability. Although up to 63% of fish stocks worldwide may be in need of rebuilding, only 1% are currently classified as "rebuilding", and fewer yet have been "rebuilt". Recent history in stock recovery provides a rich source of examples of rebuilding plans across a spectrum of execution ("good", "bad", "ugly", and "in progress"). Of 24 depleted stocks with formal plans that successfully reduced the fishing mortality, all but one exhibited signs of recovery. The median instantaneous annual rate of biomass recovery (0.16) was similar to the rate of depletion (-0.14) experienced, but stocks with more vulnerable life histories recovered substantially slower than they had been depleted. Most successful rebuilding programmes have incorporated substantial, measurable reductions in fishing mortality at the onset, rather than relying on incremental small reductions over time. A particularly vexing issue is the differential pace of recovery among relatively productive and unproductive components of mixed-species fisheries. Rebuilding the majority of stocks classified worldwide as "overfished" will take a more effective, consistent, and politically supported stock-recovery paradigm, if society is eventually to meet its articulated sustainability goals for global fisheries. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - Murawski, Steven A AD - National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East West Highway, SSMC3-14659, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; , steve.murawski@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1830 EP - 1840 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - fishery depletion KW - fishery rebuilding plans KW - overfishing definitions KW - recovery plans KW - stock recovery KW - sustainable fisheries KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Historical account KW - Resource management KW - life history KW - Sustainable development KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Depleted stocks KW - Stocks KW - Fish KW - sustainability KW - vulnerability KW - Fishing mortality KW - fishing KW - Vulnerability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09161:General KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920804444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Rebuilding+depleted+fish+stocks%3A+the+good%2C+the+bad%2C+and%2C+mostly%2C+the+ugly&rft.au=Murawski%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=Murawski&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Fishery management; Depleted stocks; Sustainable development; Stocks; Fishing mortality; Vulnerability; Historical account; Mortality; Fisheries; life history; vulnerability; sustainability; Fish; fishing; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq125 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific) AN - 920795686; 16172750 AB - DiCosimo, J., Methot, R. D., and Ormseth, O. A. 2010. Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific). - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1861-1865.In total, 41 fish stocks in US ocean waters continue to be fished at unsustainable levels, and 46 fish stocks are overfished. In 2006, the US Congress required the implementation of annual catch limits (ACLs) and accountability measures by 2010 to prevent overfishing, and by 2011 to recover overfished stocks. These requirements were modelled on the existing management system for Northeast Pacific groundfish, where more than 20 fish stocks and assemblages have been managed sustainably for 30 years. Science-based overfishing levels and acceptable biological catches (ABCs) have been implemented for each stock or assemblage, with buffers between the two to avoid overfishing. Total allowable catches are set at or below the acceptable biological catch. Suballocations of quotas by season, area, and gear type, along with in-season fishery closures based on extensive observer coverage and vessel monitoring, ensure that quotas are not exceeded. To comply with ACL requirements, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council has defined ABC as an ACL. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ACLs for successful management of Northeast Pacific groundfish, suggesting that their use in other US fisheries might reduce the risk of overfishing and enhance the recovery of overfished stocks. JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science AU - DiCosimo, Jane AU - Methot, Richard D AU - Ormseth, Olav A AD - 1 North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 West 4th Avenue, Suite 306, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA, jane.dicosimo@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1861 EP - 1865 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - acceptable biological catch KW - accountability measures KW - annual catch limits KW - depletion KW - fisheries management KW - overfishing level KW - total allowable catch KW - Resource management KW - Fishing vessels KW - Islands KW - IN, North Pacific KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Total allowable catch KW - Marine KW - Ice KW - catches KW - Congress KW - Overfishing KW - resource exploitation KW - IN, Bering Sea KW - overfishing KW - IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is. KW - Oceans KW - councils KW - Depleted stocks KW - Season regulations KW - Quota regulations KW - Fish KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q4 27790:Fish KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/920795686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Use+of+annual+catch+limits+to+avoid+stock+depletion+in+the+Bering+Sea+and+Aleutian+Islands+management+area+%28Northeast+Pacific%29&rft.au=DiCosimo%2C+Jane%3BMethot%2C+Richard+D%3BOrmseth%2C+Olav+A&rft.aulast=DiCosimo&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+Journal+of+Marine+Science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Ffsq060 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fishing vessels; Resource management; Fishery management; Season regulations; Depleted stocks; Overfishing; Quota regulations; Total allowable catch; Ice; Islands; Oceans; Fisheries; catches; overfishing; Congress; councils; Fish; resource exploitation; IN, Bering Sea; IN, North Pacific; IN, USA, Alaska, Aleutian Is.; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq060 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of tooth enamel in great apes AN - 918067533; 16182205 AB - A comparative study has been made of human and great ape molar tooth enamel. Nanoindentation techniques are used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer tooth surface. The measured data profiles overlap between species, suggesting a degree of commonality in material properties. Using established deformation and fracture relations, critical loads to produce function-threatening damage in the enamel of each species are calculated for characteristic tooth sizes and enamel thicknesses. The results suggest that differences in load-bearing capacity of molar teeth in primates are less a function of underlying material properties than of morphology. JF - Acta Biomaterialia AU - Lee, James J-W AU - Morris, Dylan AU - Constantino, Paul J AU - Lucas, Peter W AU - Smith, Tanya M AU - Lawn, Brian R AD - Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, james.lee@nist.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 4560 EP - 4565 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1742-7061, 1742-7061 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Enamel KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Hardness KW - Fracture KW - Tooth mechanics KW - Teeth KW - Data processing KW - Molars KW - Fractures KW - Primates KW - Dental enamel KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918067533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Biomaterialia&rft.atitle=Properties+of+tooth+enamel+in+great+apes&rft.au=Lee%2C+James+J-W%3BMorris%2C+Dylan%3BConstantino%2C+Paul+J%3BLucas%2C+Peter+W%3BSmith%2C+Tanya+M%3BLawn%2C+Brian+R&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Biomaterialia&rft.issn=17427061&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.actbio.2010.07.023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Teeth; Data processing; Molars; Fractures; Dental enamel; Mechanical properties; Primates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaches to Studying Climatic Change and its Role on the Habitat Selection of Antarctic Pinnipeds AN - 918065544; 16140528 AB - Top predators integrate resources over time and space, and depending on the particular species they represent, different components of the marine environment. The habitat utilization of top predators has been studied using electronic tags to follow their movements and foraging behavior. In addition, these tags provide information on the physical characteristics of the water column (temperature and salinity) at a scale and resolution that is coincident with the animals' behavior. In addition to data on the animals' behavior, these tags provide physical oceanographic data in regions or at times they cannot be collected using other currently available technologies. These data inform us on how these important top predators are likely to respond to climatic change, as well as about how the Southern Ocean is changing. JF - Integrative and Comparative Biology AU - Costa, Daniel P AU - Huckstadt, Luis A AU - Crocker, Daniel E AU - McDonald, Birgitte I AU - Goebel, Michael E AU - Fedak, Michael A AD - *Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; super()Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA; super()Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-NMFS 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA; super()Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland 1, costa@biology.ucsc.edu Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1018 EP - 1030 PB - Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 1540-7063, 1540-7063 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - foraging behavior KW - Climatic changes KW - Climate change KW - Pinnipedia KW - Predators KW - Habitat selection KW - Water column KW - Salinity KW - Marine environment KW - Salinity effects KW - Habitat utilization KW - Marine KW - Physical characteristics KW - Foraging behavior KW - Data processing KW - Water temperature KW - Biotelemetry KW - Tracking KW - predators KW - Tags KW - Foraging behaviour KW - Oceans KW - Marine mammals KW - habitat selection KW - PS, Antarctic Ocean KW - water column KW - Technology KW - Oceanographic data KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - Y 25030:Foraging and Ingestion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918065544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrative+and+Comparative+Biology&rft.atitle=Approaches+to+Studying+Climatic+Change+and+its+Role+on+the+Habitat+Selection+of+Antarctic+Pinnipeds&rft.au=Costa%2C+Daniel+P%3BHuckstadt%2C+Luis+A%3BCrocker%2C+Daniel+E%3BMcDonald%2C+Birgitte+I%3BGoebel%2C+Michael+E%3BFedak%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Integrative+and+Comparative+Biology&rft.issn=15407063&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ficb%2Ficq054 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Foraging behaviour; Tags; Marine mammals; Climate change; Habitat selection; Tracking; Biotelemetry; Oceanographic data; Foraging behavior; Physical characteristics; Data processing; Marine environment; Salinity effects; Oceans; Climatic changes; Habitat utilization; Predators; Water temperature; Water column; Salinity; foraging behavior; habitat selection; water column; Technology; predators; Pinnipedia; PS, Antarctic Ocean; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq054 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Melting point equations for the ternary system water/sodium chloride/ethylene glycol revisited AN - 918042745; 14197833 AB - Partial phase diagrams are of considerable utility in the development of optimized cryobiological procedures. Recent theoretical predictions of the melting points of ternary solutions of interest to cryobiology have caused us to re-examine measurements that our group made for the ethylene-glycol-sodium chloride-water phase diagram. Here we revisit our previous experiments by measuring melting points at five ethylene-glycol to sodium chloride ratios (R values; R=5, 10, 15, 30, and 45) and five levels of concentration for each ratio. Melting points were averaged from three measurements and plotted as a function of total solute concentration for each R value studied. The new measurements differed from our original experimental values and agreed with predicted values from both theoretical models. Additionally, the data were fit to the polynomial described in our previous report and the resulting equation was obtained: T m = ( 38.3 - 2.145 A- 10 - 1 R ) w + ( 81.19 - 2.909 A- 10 - 1 R ) w 2 , where w is the total solute mass fraction. This new equation provided good fits to the experimental data as well as published values and relates the determined polynomial constants to the R value of the corresponding isopleths of the three dimensional phase diagram, allowing the liquidus curve for any R value to be obtained. JF - Cryobiology AU - Benson, James D AU - Bagchi, Aniruddha AU - Han, Xu AU - Critser, John K AU - Woods, Erik J AD - Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA, Erik@gnrlbiotech.com Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 352 EP - 356 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0011-2240, 0011-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Melting KW - Solutes KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Ethylene glycol KW - Sodium chloride KW - Models KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918042745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryobiology&rft.atitle=Melting+point+equations+for+the+ternary+system+water%2Fsodium+chloride%2Fethylene+glycol+revisited&rft.au=Benson%2C+James+D%3BBagchi%2C+Aniruddha%3BHan%2C+Xu%3BCritser%2C+John+K%3BWoods%2C+Erik+J&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryobiology&rft.issn=00112240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cryobiol.2010.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Melting; Solutes; Data processing; Mathematical models; Ethylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.10.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USING DUAL-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR (DIDSON) TO ESTIMATE ADULT STEELHEAD ESCAPEMENT IN THE SAN LORENZO RIVER, CALIFORNIA AN - 867743496; 14805576 AB - Steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are currently listed under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) in central and southern California. In most of this region, steelhead are considered threatened, but the Southern California Distinct Population Segment (DPS), comprising populations in Santa Barbara County and southward is listed as endangered, with only very small numbers of steelhead reported from the Santa Maria River south to the United States-Mexico border (Good et al. 2005). The listings are based mainly on anecdotal information of adult steelhead abundance, with the exception of escapement estimates based on dam counts on the Carmel River (part of the South-Central California Coast DPS), and recently initiated monitoring efforts in two tributaries of the Santa Ynez River system and on the mainstem of the Ventura River (part of the Southern California Coast DPS). JF - California Fish and Game AU - Pipal, K AU - Jessop, M AU - Boughton, D AU - Adams, P AD - Narrie.pipal[at]noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 90 EP - 95 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0008-1078, 0008-1078 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sonar KW - River Systems KW - Abundance KW - INE, USA, California, Ventura KW - Freshwater KW - USA, California, San Lorenzo R. KW - Dams KW - INE, USA, California, Santa Barbara KW - Tributaries KW - Coasts KW - Salmon KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Rivers KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Escapement KW - Rare species KW - Endangered species KW - Fish KW - Monitoring KW - Endangered Species KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867743496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=USING+DUAL-FREQUENCY+IDENTIFICATION+SONAR+%28DIDSON%29+TO+ESTIMATE+ADULT+STEELHEAD+ESCAPEMENT+IN+THE+SAN+LORENZO+RIVER%2C+CALIFORNIA&rft.au=Pipal%2C+K%3BJessop%2C+M%3BBoughton%2C+D%3BAdams%2C+P&rft.aulast=Pipal&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.issn=00081078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Environmental monitoring; Escapement; Rare species; Tributaries; Endangered Species; Abundance; Endangered species; Coasts; Salmon; River Systems; Dams; Sonar; Fish; Monitoring; Oncorhynchus mykiss; USA, California, San Lorenzo R.; INE, USA, California, Santa Barbara; INE, USA, California, Ventura; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of extreme quantitative precipitation forecasts and development of regional extreme event thresholds using data from HMT-2006 and COOP observers AN - 861984264; 2011-034921 JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Ralph, F M AU - Sukovich, E AU - Reynolds, D AU - Dettinger, M AU - Weagle, S AU - Clark, W AU - Neiman, P J Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 1286 EP - 1304 PB - American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Washington KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - models KW - California KW - Oregon KW - quantitative analysis KW - Western U.S. KW - snow KW - meteorology KW - rain KW - Nevada KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861984264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+extreme+quantitative+precipitation+forecasts+and+development+of+regional+extreme+event+thresholds+using+data+from+HMT-2006+and+COOP+observers&rft.au=Ralph%2C+F+M%3BSukovich%2C+E%3BReynolds%2C+D%3BDettinger%2C+M%3BWeagle%2C+S%3BClark%2C+W%3BNeiman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2F2010jhm1232.1 L2 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/loi/hydr LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MA N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; California; hydrology; meteorology; models; Nevada; Oregon; quantitative analysis; rain; rivers and streams; snow; surface water; United States; Washington; Western U.S. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1232.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Changes in Coho Salmon and Steelhead Abundance from Watershed Restoration: How Much Restoration Is Needed to Measurably Increase Smolt Production? AN - 860386855; 14378039 AB - Using existing data from evaluations of habitat restoration, we estimated the average change in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and steelhead O. mykiss parr and smolt densities for common in-channel (culvert removal, large wood placement, boulder placement, and constructed logjams) and floodplain restoration techniques (constructed side channels and reconnected floodplain habitats). We then used these numbers and a Monte Carlo simulation to predict changes in fish numbers in a model watershed for two restoration scenarios: (1) restoration of all accessible habitat within the watershed and (2) restoration of the average amount historically implemented in Puget Sound watersheds (8% of total restorable areas). Mean increases in coho salmon parr or smolt density after restoration ranged from 0.19 to 2.32 parr/m for in-channel techniques and from 0.34 to 1.70 parr/m super(2) for floodplain techniques. Increases in steelhead parr or smolt density ranged from -0.06 to 0.71 fish/m and from 0.03 to 0.06 fish/m super(2) for in-channel and floodplain techniques, respectively. Under restoration scenario 1, the predicted mean increase in numbers was 1,459,254 (117%) and 285,302 (140%) for coho salmon parr and smolts and 93,965 (65%) and 28,001 (125%) for steelhead parr and smolts. Under scenario 2, the predicted mean increase in parr and smolts was 59,591 (5%) and 15,022 (7%) for coho salmon and 1,733 (1%) and 1,195 (5%) for steelhead. The percentage of floodplain and in-channel habitat that would have to be restored in the modeled watershed to detect a 25% increase in coho salmon and steelhead smolt production (the minimum level detectable by most monitoring programs) was 20%. However, given the large variability in fish response (changes in density or abundance) to restoration, 100% of the habitat would need to be restored to be 95% certain of achieving a 25% increase in smolt production for either species. Our study demonstrates that considerable restoration is needed to produce measurable changes in fish abundance at a watershed scale. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Roni, Philip AU - Pess, George AU - Beechie, Tim AU - Morley, Sarah AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA, phil.roni@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1469 EP - 1484 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Smolt KW - Anadromous species KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - flood plains KW - Watersheds KW - Population dynamics KW - Models KW - Habitats KW - Coast defences KW - Fishery management KW - smolts KW - Sound KW - Salmon KW - Data processing KW - Density KW - Estimating KW - Smolts KW - Environmental impact KW - Wood KW - Habitat KW - Model Studies KW - Flood Plains KW - Channels KW - Flood plains KW - Habitat improvement KW - Scales KW - salmon KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - Fish KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - abundance KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860386855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Estimating+Changes+in+Coho+Salmon+and+Steelhead+Abundance+from+Watershed+Restoration%3A+How+Much+Restoration+Is+Needed+to+Measurably+Increase+Smolt+Production%3F&rft.au=Roni%2C+Philip%3BPess%2C+George%3BBeechie%2C+Tim%3BMorley%2C+Sarah&rft.aulast=Roni&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.issn=02755947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2FM09-162.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 59 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coast defences; Flood plains; Habitat improvement; Anadromous species; Smolts; Population density; Environmental impact; Population dynamics; Watersheds; Monte Carlo simulation; Data processing; Fishery management; Scales; Abundance; Sound; Habitat; Models; Channels; smolts; Wood; salmon; Fish; flood plains; abundance; Flood Plains; Salmon; Smolt; Habitats; Estimating; Density; Model Studies; Oncorhynchus kisutch; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M09-162.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Hang-in Percentage on Catch Rates of Flounder in the North Carolina Inshore Gill-Net Fishery AN - 860386252; 14378049 AB - The effects of hang-in percentage (degree of tautness) on the catch efficiency of gill nets for paralichthine flounders in North Carolina were examined using monofilament gill nets with 5.75-in stretched mesh. Nets with hang-in percentages of 33% and 60% were fished in pairs and were separated by a single monofilament gill net of 5.50-in stretched mesh. Catches of the paired test nets were significantly different, with the catches obtained by the looser nets (60% hang-in) exceeding the catches in the more tightly hung nets (33% hang-in) by 37% in number of fish and 46% in estimated weight. Length-frequency distributions of the catch were not significantly different between the paired nets with different hang-in percentages. Length-frequency distributions of legal-sized fish taken in 5.50- and 5.75-in stretched-mesh nets were significantly different, with the smaller mesh size resulting in a smaller (left-shifted) length-frequency distribution. Thus, hang-in percentage can be manipulated to alter flounder harvest rates per unit of net, and small changes in mesh size can alter the size distribution of the catch. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Ahrenholz, Dean W AU - Smith, Joseph W AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 USA, dean.ahrenholz@noaa.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 1401 EP - 1407 PB - American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - USA, North Carolina KW - catches KW - Pleuronectiformes KW - Demersal fisheries KW - fishery management KW - Nets KW - Marine fish KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Body size KW - Fish KW - Gillnets KW - Gills KW - Size distribution KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860386252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Hang-in+Percentage+on+Catch+Rates+of+Flounder+in+the+North+Carolina+Inshore+Gill-Net+Fishery&rft.au=Ahrenholz%2C+Dean+W%3BSmith%2C+Joseph+W&rft.aulast=Ahrenholz&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.issn=02755947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1577%2FM10-127.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fish; Fishery management; Body size; Demersal fisheries; Gillnets; Size distribution; Fisheries; Gills; Nets; catches; fishery management; Fish; Pleuronectiformes; USA, North Carolina; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M10-127.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of Greenland melt on local sea levels; a partially coupled analysis of dynamic and static equilibrium effects in idealized water-hosing experiments AN - 859729730; 2011-032716 AB - Local sea level can deviate from mean global sea level because of both dynamic sea level (DSL) effects, resulting from oceanic and atmospheric circulation and temperature and salinity distributions, and changes in the static equilibrium (SE) sea level configuration, produced by the gravitational, elastic, and rotational effects of mass redistribution. Both effects will contribute to future sea level change. To compare their magnitude, we simulated the effects of Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) melt by conducting idealized North Atlantic "water-hosing" experiments in a climate model unidirectionally coupled to a SE sea level model. At current rates of GIS melt, we find that geographic SE patterns should be challenging but possible to detect above dynamic variability. At higher melt rates, we find that DSL trends are strongest in the western North Atlantic, while SE effects will dominate in most of the ocean when melt exceeds nearly equal 20 cm equivalent sea level. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. JF - Climatic Change AU - Kopp, Robert E AU - Mitrovica, Jerry X AU - Griffies, Stephen M AU - Yin, Jianjun AU - Hay, Carling C AU - Stouffer, Ronald J Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 619 EP - 625 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 103 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - ocean circulation KW - Arctic region KW - Greenland ice sheet KW - rates KW - simulation KW - equilibrium KW - ice sheets KW - climate change KW - Greenland KW - spatial variations KW - sea-level changes KW - melting KW - glacial geology KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/859729730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+Greenland+melt+on+local+sea+levels%3B+a+partially+coupled+analysis+of+dynamic+and+static+equilibrium+effects+in+idealized+water-hosing+experiments&rft.au=Kopp%2C+Robert+E%3BMitrovica%2C+Jerry+X%3BGriffies%2C+Stephen+M%3BYin%2C+Jianjun%3BHay%2C+Carling+C%3BStouffer%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Kopp&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10584-010-9935-1 L2 - DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/(hc4pmh453vbxpeaygjkevi45)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100247,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Supplemental information/data is available in the online version of this article; based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - CLCHDX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; Atlantic Ocean; climate change; equilibrium; glacial geology; Greenland; Greenland ice sheet; ice sheets; melting; North Atlantic; ocean circulation; rates; sea-level changes; simulation; spatial variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9935-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US NOAA Fisheries and UK SAHFOS CPR surveys: comparison of methods and data AN - 856785687; 14310306 AB - The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey has sampled four routes: Boston-Nova Scotia (1961-present), New York toward Bermuda (1976-present), Narragansett Bay-Mount Hope Bay-Rhode Island Sound (1998-present) and eastward of Chesapeake Bay (1974-1980). NOAA involvement began in 1974 when it assumed responsibility for the existing Boston-Nova Scotia route from what is now the UK's Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS). Training, equipment and computer software were provided by SAHFOS to ensure continuity for this and standard protocols for any new routes. Data for the first 14 years of this ro